Water crisis - BBC Learning English

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BBC Learning English


ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุชุชู… ุชุฑุฌู…ุชู‡ุง ุขู„ูŠู‹ุง.

00:00
Climate change and population growth put more pressure on water supplies.
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ุฃุฏู‰ ุชุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุฎ ูˆุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ุงู„ุณูƒุงู†ูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุถุบุท ุนู„ู‰ ุฅู…ุฏุงุฏุงุช ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡.
00:06
We'll show you how the law can help those in need get what they need.
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ุณู†ูˆุถุญ ู„ูƒ ูƒูŠู ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ุฃู† ูŠุณุงุนุฏ ุงู„ู…ุญุชุงุฌูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุง ูŠุญุชุงุฌูˆู† ุฅู„ูŠู‡.
00:11
As populations and temperatures rise, how will the law stop a crisis?
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ู…ุน ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุณูƒุงู† ูˆุฏุฑุฌุงุช ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุŒ ูƒูŠู ุณูŠูˆู‚ู ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุฒู…ุฉุŸ
00:18
And... can the law stop businesses taking the water you need to live?
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ูˆ ... ู‡ู„ ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ู…ู†ุน ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุงุช ู…ู† ุฃุฎุฐ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุญุชุงุฌู‡ุง ู„ู„ุนูŠุดุŸ
00:29
There are more than 7.8 billion of us on the planet.
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ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† 7.8 ู…ู„ูŠุงุฑ ุดุฎุต ู…ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒูˆูƒุจ.
00:33
That number is going up.
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ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ุขุฎุฐ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน.
00:36
We're using more and more water,
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ู†ุญู† ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ูˆุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุŒ
00:38
but there's only a limited amount available.
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ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุงุญุฉ ู…ุญุฏูˆุฏุฉ ูู‚ุท.
00:41
Cape Town, South Africa:
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ูƒูŠุจ ุชุงูˆู† ุŒ ุฌู†ูˆุจ ุฃูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุง: ุจุฏุฃุช
00:44
water levels in reservoirs started dropping in 2015.
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ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎุฒุงู†ุงุช ุจุงู„ุงู†ุฎูุงุถ ููŠ ุนุงู… 2015.
00:50
In 2017, people started talking about Day Zero,
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ููŠ ุนุงู… 2017 ุŒ ุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูŠุชุญุฏุซูˆู† ุนู† ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุตูุฑ ุŒ
00:56
a possible time when taps would need to be turned off.
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ูˆู‚ุช ู…ุญุชู…ู„ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู„ุฅุบู„ุงู‚ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุจูŠุฑ.
01:00
Real worries that a city of four and a half million people
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ุชุฎุดู‰ ุดุฑูƒุฉ "ุฑูŠู„" ู…ู† ุฃู† ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ูŠุจู„ุบ ุนุฏุฏ ุณูƒุงู†ู‡ุง ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู…ู„ุงูŠูŠู† ูˆู†ุตู ุงู„ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ู†ุณู…ุฉ
01:04
would need to queue in the streets to get water.
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ุณุชุถุทุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆู‚ูˆู ููŠ ุทูˆุงุจูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุดูˆุงุฑุน ู„ู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡.
01:08
The Dead Sea in Jordan:
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ุงู„ุจุญุฑ ุงู„ู…ูŠุช ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุฑุฏู†:
01:11
30 years ago, water reached this motorway,
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ู‚ุจู„ 30 ุนุงู…ู‹ุง ุŒ ูˆุตู„ุช ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุน ุŒ
01:15
but rivers were diverted for farming.
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ู„ูƒู† ุชู… ุชุญูˆูŠู„ ุงู„ุฃู†ู‡ุงุฑ ู„ู„ุฒุฑุงุนุฉ.
01:19
Climate change added to the problem
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ุฃุถุงู ุชุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุฎ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ
01:21
and now the sea itself is at risk
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ูˆุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุจุญุฑ ู†ูุณู‡ ููŠ ุฎุทุฑ ุŒ
01:25
and the soil is drying out so much,
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ูˆุงู„ุชุฑุจุฉ ุชุฌู ูƒุซูŠุฑู‹ุง ุŒ
01:28
the structure of the ground is breaking.
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ูˆุจู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ุขุฎุฐุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุงู†ู‡ูŠุงุฑ.
01:31
Huge sinkholes have opened up, wrecking roads and homes.
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ูุชุญุช ู…ุฌุงุฑูŠ ุถุฎู…ุฉ ุŒ ูˆุฏู…ุฑุช ุงู„ุทุฑู‚ ูˆุงู„ู…ู†ุงุฒู„.
01:37
This is the kind of problem that causes other problems.
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ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุณุจุจ ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุฃุฎุฑู‰.
01:42
People may fight for water,
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ู‚ุฏ ูŠู‚ุงุชู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ ุงู„ู…ุงุก ุŒ
01:44
or run to another country for help.
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ุฃูˆ ูŠุฑูƒุถูˆู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุจู„ุฏ ุขุฎุฑ ุทู„ุจู‹ุง ู„ู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ.
01:47
How can the law help?
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ูƒูŠู ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ุฃู† ูŠุณุงุนุฏุŸ
01:49
We spoke to Dr Paul Orengoh,
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ุชุญุฏุซู†ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ุจูˆู„ ุฃูˆุฑูŠู†ุบูˆ ุŒ
01:51
from the African Ministers Council on Water.
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ู…ู† ู…ุฌู„ุณ ุงู„ูˆุฒุฑุงุก ุงู„ุฃูุงุฑู‚ุฉ ู„ู„ู…ูŠุงู‡.
01:55
He explained which laws are in place
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ูˆุฃูˆุถุญ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุนู…ูˆู„ ุจู‡ุง
01:57
to help share this vital resource.
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ู„ู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ููŠ ู…ุดุงุฑูƒุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุฑุฏ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆูŠ.
02:01
We have conventions and protocols
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ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุงุชูุงู‚ูŠุงุช ูˆุจุฑูˆุชูˆูƒูˆู„ุงุช
02:03
that promote universal access to clean water
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ุชุนุฒุฒ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุงู„ุดุงู…ู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ู†ุธูŠูุฉ ุŒ
02:06
and I would consider the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 2030
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ูˆุฃูˆุฏ ุฃู† ุฃุนุชุจุฑ ุฃู‡ุฏุงู ุงู„ุชู†ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฏุงู…ุฉ ู„ู„ุฃู…ู… ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ู„ุนุงู… 2030
02:10
to fit under this.
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ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ.
02:12
However, these international conventions,
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ูˆู…ุน ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ูุฅู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงุชูุงู‚ูŠุงุช
02:15
protocols and political commitments are loosely structured
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ูˆุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูˆูƒูˆู„ุงุช ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ุงุช ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณูŠุฉ ู…ุจู†ูŠุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ูุถูุงุถ
02:20
in a way that countries are not forced to commit to them.
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ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู„ุง ุชุฌุจุฑ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงู„ุชุฒุงู… ุจู‡ุง.
02:25
So, in such a case, with a weak framework as that,
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ููŠ ู…ุซู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุŒ ู…ุน ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฅุทุงุฑ ุถุนูŠู ูƒู‡ุฐุง ุŒ
02:29
then it becomes a matter of choice upon individual countries
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ุชุตุจุญ ู…ุณุฃู„ุฉ ุงุฎุชูŠุงุฑ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ูุฑุฏูŠุฉ
02:34
to pick whether they use them or not.
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ู…ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุณุชุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ุฃู… ู„ุง. ุชุดุฌุน
02:36
The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals
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ุฃู‡ุฏุงู ุงู„ุชู†ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฏุงู…ุฉ ู„ู„ุฃู…ู… ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ
02:40
encourage sharing water, but they aren't legally binding:
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ุชู‚ุงุณู… ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุŒ ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ู„ูŠุณุช ู…ู„ุฒู…ุฉ ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ู‹ุง:
02:45
they don't force countries to do so.
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ูู‡ูŠ ู„ุง ุชุฌุจุฑ ุงู„ุจู„ุฏุงู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจุฐู„ูƒ.
02:48
Which laws need to be developed?
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ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุชุทูˆูŠุฑุŸ
02:51
Water issues are usually very local in terms of challenges and opportunities,
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ุนุงุฏุฉ ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ู‚ุถุงูŠุง ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ู…ุญู„ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุญูŠุซ ุงู„ุชุญุฏูŠุงุช ูˆุงู„ูุฑุต ุŒ
02:55
and each local set-up has their own unique set of features.
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ูˆู„ูƒู„ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ุญู„ูŠุฉ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ูุฑูŠุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูŠุฒุงุช ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจู‡ุง.
03:00
So, why do we need a global commitment
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ุฅุฐู† ุŒ ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ู†ุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุฒุงู… ุนุงู„ู…ูŠ
03:04
to be able to influence the local legislation?
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ู„ู†ูƒูˆู† ู‚ุงุฏุฑูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠุนุงุช ุงู„ู…ุญู„ูŠุฉุŸ
03:08
I think laws will need to be done
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ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู† ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุชุชู…
03:11
within the sensitivities of local context,
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ููŠ ุฅุทุงุฑ ุญุณุงุณูŠุงุช ุงู„ุณูŠุงู‚ ุงู„ู…ุญู„ูŠ ุŒ
03:15
to be able to have been effective enough
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ู„ุชูƒูˆู† ู‚ุงุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ูุนุงู„ุฉ ุจู…ุง ูŠูƒููŠ
03:18
to serve the agenda of universal access to water.
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ู„ุฎุฏู…ุฉ ุฃุฌู†ุฏุฉ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุงู„ุดุงู…ู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡.
03:21
While we need a global commitment to solve the water crisis,
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ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ู†ุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุฒุงู… ุนุงู„ู…ูŠ ู„ุญู„ ุฃุฒู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุŒ
03:25
every country is different.
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ูŠุฎุชู„ู ูƒู„ ุจู„ุฏ ุนู† ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ.
03:27
So, they need local laws that work in their context.
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ูู‡ู… ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ู…ุญู„ูŠุฉ ุชุนู…ู„ ููŠ ุณูŠุงู‚ู‡ุง.
03:32
The water crisis will make people leave their homes;
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ุฃุฒู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุณุชุฌุนู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูŠุชุฑูƒูˆู† ู…ู†ุงุฒู„ู‡ู….
03:37
do they have the right to seek help in other countries?
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ู‡ู„ ู„ู‡ู… ุงู„ุญู‚ ููŠ ุทู„ุจ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ููŠ ุฏูˆู„ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŸ
03:41
We currently do not have laws or policies
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ู„ูŠุณ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุญุงู„ูŠู‹ุง ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุณูŠุงุณุงุช
03:45
that provides for climate-induced migration
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ุชู†ุต ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‡ุฌุฑุฉ ุงู„ู†ุงุฌู…ุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุฎ
03:50
or movements or misplacements of persons
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ุฃูˆ ุชุญุฑูƒุงุช ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุฃูˆ ุฃู…ุงูƒู†ู‡ู… ููŠ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุญู„ู‡ู…
03:52
that happens as a result of climate change.
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ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุญุฏุซ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ู„ุชุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุฎ.
03:57
Unfortunately, that is the current situation
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ู„ุณูˆุก ุงู„ุญุธ ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุญุงู„ูŠ
04:00
but laws and policies are needed,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ูˆุณูŠุงุณุงุช ุŒ
04:02
especially to protect the very poor,
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ุฎุงุตุฉ ู„ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ูู‚ุฑุงุก ุงู„ู…ุฏู‚ุนูŠู† ุŒ
04:05
who bear the burden of climate change.
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ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุชุญู…ู„ูˆู† ุนุจุก ุชุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุฎ.
04:10
Unfortunately, there aren't laws directly protecting people
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ู„ุณูˆุก ุงู„ุญุธ ุŒ ู„ุง ุชูˆุฌุฏ ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ุชุญู…ูŠ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุจุงุดุฑ ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต
04:14
who have to leave their homes due to lack of water.
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ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุถุทุฑูˆู† ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุบุงุฏุฑุฉ ู…ู†ุงุฒู„ู‡ู… ุจุณุจุจ ู†ู‚ุต ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡.
04:18
People currently don't have the right to seek refuge from climate issues.
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ู„ุง ูŠุญู‚ ู„ู„ู†ุงุณ ุญุงู„ูŠู‹ุง ุงู„ุจุญุซ ุนู† ู…ู„ุงุฐ ู…ู† ู‚ุถุงูŠุง ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุฎ.
04:23
Do we have enough climate laws to manage the water crisis?
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ู‡ู„ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ู…ู†ุงุฎูŠุฉ ูƒุงููŠุฉ ู„ุฅุฏุงุฑุฉ ุฃุฒู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ุŸ
04:28
At the national level and regional level,
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ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ูˆุทู†ูŠ ูˆุงู„ุฅู‚ู„ูŠู…ูŠ ุŒ
04:31
as well as global level, these kind of laws are needed.
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ูˆูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠ ุŒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู†.
04:35
Within the context of climate change, of course,
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ููŠ ุณูŠุงู‚ ุชุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุฎ ุŒ ุจุทุจูŠุนุฉ ุงู„ุญุงู„ ุŒ ูุฅู†
04:37
what is done at the national level
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ู…ุง ูŠุชู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ูˆุทู†ูŠ
04:39
feeds into regional level and to the global level.
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ูŠุตุจ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุฅู‚ู„ูŠู…ูŠ ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠ.
04:43
So, there's no kind of one-way approach to this.
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ู†ู‡ุฌ ุฃุญุงุฏูŠ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ู„ู‡ุฐุง.
04:49
It has to be done across the levels.
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ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠุชู… ุฐู„ูƒ ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช.
04:51
Climate change is a global problem,
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ุชุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุฎ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุŒ
04:54
so we need laws at a global level.
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู†ุญู† ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุนุงู„ู…ูŠ.
04:57
But, to get things done, we really need laws
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุŒ ู„ุฅู†ุฌุงุฒ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ุŒ ู†ุญุชุงุฌ ุญู‚ู‹ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู†
05:00
at a smaller, regional and national level too.
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ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุฃุตุบุฑ ูˆุฅู‚ู„ูŠู…ูŠ ูˆูˆุทู†ูŠ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง.
05:04
Paul says there aren't many international laws
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ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุจูˆู„ ุฅู†ู‡ ู„ุง ุชูˆุฌุฏ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ
05:08
protecting people forced out of their homes to find water,
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ุชุญู…ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ุฃุฌุจุฑูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุชุฑูƒ ู…ู†ุงุฒู„ู‡ู… ู„ู„ุนุซูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุงุก ุŒ
05:12
and that local laws need changing too.
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ูˆุฃู† ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุญู„ูŠุฉ ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ู„ู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง.
05:15
Of course, water isn't just vital for drinking.
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ุจุงู„ุทุจุน ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุงุก ู„ูŠุณ ูู‚ุท ุญูŠูˆูŠู‹ุง ู„ู„ุดุฑุจ.
05:18
We use it in our factories in huge amounts.
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ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ ููŠ ู…ุตุงู†ุนู†ุง ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช ุถุฎู…ุฉ.
05:22
People depend on work and water to survive,
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ูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ูˆุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ู„ู„ุจู‚ุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ูŠุฏ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ุŒ
05:26
so what could the future hold?
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ูู…ุงุฐุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุฎุจุฆ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ุŸ
05:29
Early 2021...
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ุฃูˆุงุฆู„ ุนุงู… 2021 ...
05:32
and Taiwan's biggest reservoir, Tsengwen,
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ูˆูƒุงู† ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุฎุฒุงู† ููŠ ุชุงูŠูˆุงู† ุŒ Tsengwen ุŒ
05:35
was at its driest in years.
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ููŠ ุฃุดุฏ ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุชู‡ ู…ู†ุฐ ุณู†ูˆุงุช.
05:38
Other reservoirs in Taiwan are also thirsty,
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ุงู„ุฎุฒุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ููŠ ุชุงูŠูˆุงู† ุนุทุดู‰ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุŒ
05:42
including this one in the north, which supplies water
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ุจู…ุง ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฎุฒุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุชูˆูุฑ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุฃุดุจุงู‡ ุงู„ู…ูˆุตู„ุงุช ููŠ
05:45
for Taiwan's $100 billion semiconductor industry.
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ุชุงูŠูˆุงู† ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุจู„ุบ ู‚ูŠู…ุชู‡ุง 100 ู…ู„ูŠุงุฑ ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ .
05:50
The world's largest contract chip maker, TSMC, is nearby.
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ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุดุฑูƒุฉ ู„ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุงู„ุฑู‚ุงุฆู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุŒ TSMC ุŒ ููŠ ู…ูƒุงู† ู‚ุฑูŠุจ. ุชุญุชุงุฌ
05:56
It and other semiconductor companies
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ู‡ูŠ ูˆุดุฑูƒุงุช ุฃุดุจุงู‡ ุงู„ู…ูˆุตู„ุงุช ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุฅู„ู‰
05:59
need a lot of water to spray clean the silicon wafers
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ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุงุก ู„ุฑุด ุชู†ุธูŠู ุฑู‚ุงุฆู‚ ุงู„ุณูŠู„ูŠูƒูˆู†
06:03
that go inside tech gadgets...
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฏุฎู„ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆุงุช ุงู„ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ ...
06:06
using up to 170,000 tonnes of water a day.
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ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู…ุง ูŠุตู„ ุฅู„ู‰ 170.000 ุทู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุงุก ูŠูˆู…ูŠู‹ุง.
06:11
The government has stopped irrigating
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ุฃูˆู‚ูุช ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุฑูŠ
06:13
thousands of hectares of nearby farmland.
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ุขู„ุงู ุงู„ู‡ูƒุชุงุฑุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุฑุงุถูŠ ุงู„ุฒุฑุงุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุฑูŠุจุฉ. ูˆู‚ุฏ
06:17
That has left farmers like Chuang Chen-deng
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ุชุฑูƒ ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ุฒุงุฑุนูŠู† ู…ุซู„ ุชุดูˆุงู†ุบ ุชุดูŠู† ุฏูŠู†ุบ
06:20
worried about his rice fields.
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ู‚ู„ู‚ูŠู† ุจุดุฃู† ุญู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ุฃุฑุฒ ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจู‡.
06:23
You can give us water for two days a week
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฅุนุทุงุฆู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุงุก ู„ู…ุฏุฉ ูŠูˆู…ูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุจูˆุน
06:25
or one day โ€“ farmers will find a way.
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ุฃูˆ ูŠูˆู… ูˆุงุญุฏ - ุณูŠุฌุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฒุงุฑุนูˆู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ.
06:27
But now, they've completely cut our water.
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ู„ูƒู†ู‡ู… ุงู„ุขู† ู‚ุทุนูˆุง ู…ูŠุงู‡ู†ุง ุชู…ุงู…ู‹ุง.
06:30
Farmers can't find a way out.
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ู„ุง ูŠุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู„ู…ุฒุงุฑุนูˆู† ุฅูŠุฌุงุฏ ู…ุฎุฑุฌ.
06:33
You're focusing entirely on semiconductors.
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ุฃู†ุช ุชุฑูƒุฒ ุจุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุดุจุงู‡ ุงู„ู…ูˆุตู„ุงุช. ุฎุทุท
06:35
Chip maker TSMC planned for the worst.
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ุตุงู†ุน ุงู„ุฑู‚ุงุฆู‚ TSMC ู„ู„ุฃุณูˆุฃ. ู„ู‚ุฏ
06:39
They brought truckloads of water, extracted from construction sites,
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ุฌู„ุจูˆุง ุดุงุญู†ุงุช ู…ุญู…ู„ุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุŒ ู…ุณุชุฎุฑุฌุฉ ู…ู† ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ุจู†ุงุก ุŒ
06:44
and increased the amount of water they recycle and reuse.
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ูˆุฒุงุฏูˆุง ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุนูŠุฏูˆู† ุชุฏูˆูŠุฑู‡ุง ูˆุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ุง.
06:48
Experts, however, warned that even after this drought,
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ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุฎุจุฑุงุก ุญุฐุฑูˆุง ู…ู† ุฃู†ู‡ ุญุชู‰ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌูุงู ุŒ
06:52
tough action is needed to address the causes of Taiwan's water shortages.
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู„ุงุชุฎุงุฐ ุฅุฌุฑุงุกุงุช ุตุงุฑู…ุฉ ู„ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉ ุฃุณุจุงุจ ู†ู‚ุต ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ููŠ ุชุงูŠูˆุงู†.
07:00
So, with different groups all needing water,
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ู…ุน ุงุญุชูŠุงุฌ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู„ู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุŒ
07:04
we found out more from Mark Zeitoun,
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ุงูƒุชุดูู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ู…ุงุฑูƒ ุฒูŠุชูˆู† ุŒ
07:07
Professor of Water Security and Policy
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ุฃุณุชุงุฐ ุงู„ุฃู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุงุฆูŠ ูˆุงู„ุณูŠุงุณุฉ
07:10
at the University of East Anglia in the UK.
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ููŠ ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุฅูŠุณุช ุฃู†ุฌู„ูŠุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู…ู„ูƒุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ.
07:13
He explained how the lack of water โ€“
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ูˆุฃูˆุถุญ ูƒูŠู ุฃู† ู†ู‚ุต ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ -
07:16
also called water scarcity โ€“ is a complex issue.
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ูˆุชุณู…ู‰ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู†ุฏุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ - ู‡ูˆ ู‚ุถูŠุฉ ู…ุนู‚ุฏุฉ.
07:20
Well, actually, there are two types of scarcity:
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ุญุณู†ู‹ุง ุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุŒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู†ูˆุนุงู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุฏุฑุฉ:
07:23
one โ€“ the most common โ€“ is what we call biophysical scarcity.
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ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ - ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุดูŠูˆุนู‹ุง - ู‡ูˆ ู…ุง ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู†ุฏุฑุฉ ุงู„ููŠุฒูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆูŠุฉ.
07:27
That's when it doesn't rain enough and when we're counting on the rains.
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ู‡ุฐุง ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู„ุง ุชู…ุทุฑ ุจู…ุง ููŠู‡ ุงู„ูƒูุงูŠุฉ ูˆุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู†ุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู…ุทุงุฑ.
07:31
The other type of water scarcity,
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ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ู…ู† ู†ุฏุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุŒ
07:33
which is much more important, is called social scarcity.
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃู‡ู… ุจูƒุซูŠุฑ ุŒ ูŠุณู…ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุฏุฑุฉ ุงู„ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠุฉ.
07:36
That's scarcity that comes from that fact that we deny water
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ุฏุฑุฉ ุชุฃุชูŠ ู…ู† ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ุญุฑู…
07:41
to people who can't afford it, or if they are the wrong nationality.
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ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ู„ุง ูŠุณุชุทูŠุนูˆู† ุชุญู…ู„ ุชูƒุงู„ูŠู ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุŒ ุฃูˆ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ู…ู† ุฌู†ุณูŠุงุช ุบูŠุฑ ุตุญูŠุญุฉ.
07:46
It has nothing to do with how much rain falls on the area.
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ู„ุง ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ู„ู‡ ุจูƒู…ูŠุฉ ู‡ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ุฃู…ุทุงุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ.
07:50
There are two types of lack of water for law to look at.
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู†ูˆุนุงู† ู…ู† ู†ู‚ุต ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ู„ู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ู„ู„ู†ุธุฑ ููŠู‡.
07:55
Biophysical scarcity is lack of rain.
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ุงู„ู†ุฏุฑุฉ ุงู„ููŠุฒูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ู‚ู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุทุฑ.
07:59
Social scarcity is when people are denied water by others.
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ุงู„ู†ุฏุฑุฉ ุงู„ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุญุฑู… ุงู„ุขุฎุฑูˆู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุงุก.
08:05
Is international law or national law more helpful when it comes to water?
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ู‡ู„ ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ูŠ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ุงู„ูˆุทู†ูŠ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ูุงุฆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุจุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ุŸ
08:11
It's all about enforceability โ€“ I mean,
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ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ูƒู„ู‡ ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจู‚ุงุจู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชู†ููŠุฐ - ุฃุนู†ูŠ ุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุชุทุจูŠู‚
08:13
national law in general can be enforced:
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ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ุงู„ูˆุทู†ูŠ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… :
08:17
you have a police force, you have a legal system,
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ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ู‚ูˆุฉ ุดุฑุทุฉ ุŒ ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ู†ุธุงู… ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ูŠ ุŒ
08:20
you have courts, you have prisons.
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ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ู…ุญุงูƒู… ุŒ ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุณุฌูˆู†.
08:22
International law and international water law cannot be enforced:
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ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุชุทุจูŠู‚ ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ูŠ ูˆู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ูŠ:
08:28
I mean, there is no global policeman.
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ุฃุนู†ูŠ ุŒ ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุดุฑุทูŠ ุนุงู„ู…ูŠ.
08:31
I don't know of any state would be welcomed as a global policeman
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ู„ุง ุฃุนุฑู ุฃู† ุฃูŠ ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุณูŠุชู… ุงู„ุชุฑุญูŠุจ ุจู‡ุง ูƒุดุฑุทูŠ ุนุงู„ู…ูŠ
08:34
and that's probably a good thing.
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ูˆุฑุจู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐุง ุฃู…ุฑู‹ุง ุฌูŠุฏู‹ุง.
08:37
But, because the international water law cannot be enforced,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู†ุธุฑู‹ุง ู„ุนุฏู… ุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ุชุทุจูŠู‚ ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ูŠ ุŒ ูุฅู†
08:41
that means violations of international water law can continue,
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ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู† ุงู†ุชู‡ุงูƒุงุช ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชุณุชู…ุฑ ุŒ
08:45
sometimes without any consequences.
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ูˆุฃุญูŠุงู†ู‹ุง ุฏูˆู† ุฃูŠ ุนูˆุงู‚ุจ. ู…ู†
08:48
National laws are more likely to have a system of enforcement
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ุงู„ู…ุฑุฌุญ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ู„ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ุงู„ูˆุทู†ูŠุฉ ู†ุธุงู… ุฅู†ูุงุฐ
08:53
when it comes to a lack of water,
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุจู†ู‚ุต ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุŒ
08:55
because international law has no international enforcement agency.
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ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ูŠ ู„ูŠุณ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ูˆูƒุงู„ุฉ ุฅู†ูุงุฐ ุฏูˆู„ูŠุฉ.
09:01
The other good thing about international water law is
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ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ุฌูŠุฏ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ูŠ ู„ู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ู‡ูˆ
09:04
it tells you how to distribute the resources
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ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุฎุจุฑูƒ ุจูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุชูˆุฒูŠุน ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ุงู„ุนุงุจุฑุฉ
09:06
that are transboundary or that are international.
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ู„ู„ุญุฏูˆุฏ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ูŠุฉ.
09:10
It doesn't say that, if there are three countries involved,
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ู„ุง ุชู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู†ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุซู„ุงุซ ุฏูˆู„ ู…ุนู†ูŠุฉ ุŒ
09:13
that each country gets one third;
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ูุฅู† ูƒู„ ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุชุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุซู„ุซ ุ›
09:15
it says that each country should use the waters
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ุชู†ุต ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุฌุจ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡
09:18
in an equitable and reasonable amount.
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ุจูƒู…ูŠุฉ ู…ู†ุตูุฉ ูˆู…ุนู‚ูˆู„ุฉ.
09:21
And then it gives a definition of equitable and reasonable,
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ุซู… ูŠุนุทูŠ ุชุนุฑูŠูุงู‹ ู„ู„ุฅู†ุตุงู ูˆุงู„ู…ุนู‚ูˆู„ ุŒ
09:25
stating how much...
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ูˆูŠูˆุถุญ ูƒู… ...
09:26
how many people are dependent on the water resources,
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ูƒู… ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุนุชู…ุฏูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ุงู„ู…ุงุฆูŠุฉ ุŒ
09:30
what's the economic value of the water resources
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ูˆู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏูŠุฉ ู„ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡
09:32
and are there alternative water resources?
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ูˆู‡ู„ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ู…ุงุฆูŠุฉ ุจุฏูŠู„ุฉุŸ
09:35
International law regulates cross-border disputes,
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ูŠู†ุธู… ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ูŠ ุงู„ู†ุฒุงุนุงุช ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ุญุฏูˆุฏ ุŒ
09:39
where things like lakes and rivers cross borders between countries.
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ุญูŠุซ ุชุนุจุฑ ุฃุดูŠุงุก ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุจุญูŠุฑุงุช ูˆุงู„ุฃู†ู‡ุงุฑ ุงู„ุญุฏูˆุฏ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุจู„ุฏุงู†.
09:45
It can make sure countries share water fairly.
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ุชุฃูƒุฏ ู…ู† ุฃู† ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ ุชุดุงุฑูƒ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงุฏู„.
09:49
International law also has a lot to say about human rights.
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ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ูŠ ุฃูŠุถุง ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู„ูŠู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุนู† ุญู‚ูˆู‚ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†.
09:54
Does this help?
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ู‡ู„ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุณุงุนุฏุŸ
09:56
Yes, most definitely. The human right to water can help for...
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ู†ุนู… ุŒ ุจูƒู„ ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏ. ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุณุงุนุฏ ุญู‚ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ...
09:59
to deal with social water scarcity.
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ู„ู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ู†ุฏุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠุฉ.
10:02
I mean, if... if a country recognises in its national legislation
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ุฃุนู†ูŠ ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ... ุฅุฐุง ุงุนุชุฑูุช ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ู…ุง ููŠ ุชุดุฑูŠุนุงุชู‡ุง ุงู„ูˆุทู†ูŠุฉ
10:08
that the right to water cannot be denied
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ุจุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฅู†ูƒุงุฑ ุงู„ุญู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุก ุŒ ูู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†
10:12
then the government or the companies that provide you water
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ู„ู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชูˆูุฑ ู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุฃู†
10:16
cannot turn their taps off, even if you don't pay for the water.
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ุชุบู„ู‚ ุตู†ุงุจูŠุฑู‡ุง ุŒ ุญุชู‰ ู„ูˆ ู„ู… ุชุฏูุน ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ ุงู„ู…ุงุก.
10:21
This is the case in the UK:
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ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุญุงู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู…ู„ูƒุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ: ู„ู‚ุฏ ุงุนุชุฑูุช
10:23
the UK government has recognised the right to water
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ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู…ู„ูƒุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ุจุงู„ุญู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุŒ
10:27
and so even the private companies here cannot turn your taps off.
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ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู„ุง ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุงุช ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ุฅุบู„ุงู‚ ุตู†ุงุจูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡.
10:31
The human right to water helps people in many countries
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ูŠุณุงุนุฏ ุญู‚ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุก ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจู„ุฏุงู† ููŠ
10:35
get the water they need to drink.
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ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุญุชุงุฌูˆู† ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง ู„ู„ุดุฑุจ.
10:38
Additional protection can be gained
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ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ุฅุถุงููŠุฉ
10:40
if countries have included it in their own laws.
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ุฅุฐุง ุฃุฏุฑุฌุชู‡ุง ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ ููŠ ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ. ู„ู‚ุฏ
10:45
We've seen that international law has gaps
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ุฑุฃูŠู†ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ูŠ ุจู‡ ุซุบุฑุงุช
10:48
when it comes to making sure that people have enough water.
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุจุงู„ุชุฃูƒุฏ ู…ู† ุฃู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ู…ุง ูŠูƒููŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุงุก.
10:52
But, because international law says everyone has a human right to water,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุŒ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ูŠ ูŠู†ุต ุนู„ู‰ ุญู‚ ูƒู„ ูุฑุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุŒ
10:57
even as supplies are drying up,
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ุญุชู‰ ู…ุน ู†ุถูˆุจ ุงู„ุฅู…ุฏุงุฏุงุช ุŒ
10:59
people should be able to rely on that right.
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ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู‚ุงุฏุฑูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุนุชู…ุงุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญู‚.
ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน

ุณูŠู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ YouTube ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ุณุชุฑู‰ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ุงู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูŠุชู… ุชู…ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุน ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุทู„ุจุงุช ุŒ ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง.

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