Water crisis - BBC Learning English

60,432 views ・ 2021-10-28

BBC Learning English


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ²ˆμ—­λœ μžλ§‰μ€ 기계 λ²ˆμ—­λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:00
Climate change and population growth put more pressure on water supplies.
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κΈ°ν›„ 변화와 인ꡬ μ¦κ°€λŠ” λ¬Ό 곡급에 더 λ§Žμ€ 압박을 κ°€ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 도움이 ν•„μš”ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ ν•„μš”ν•œ 것을 얻을 수 μžˆλ„λ‘
00:06
We'll show you how the law can help those in need get what they need.
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법이 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 도움이 λ˜λŠ”μ§€ λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
00:11
As populations and temperatures rise, how will the law stop a crisis?
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인ꡬ와 기온이 μƒμŠΉν•¨μ— 따라 법은 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μœ„κΈ°λ₯Ό 막을 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
00:18
And... can the law stop businesses taking the water you need to live?
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그리고... λ²•μœΌλ‘œ 인해 기업이 μƒν™œμ— ν•„μš”ν•œ 물을 κ°€μ Έκ°€λŠ” 것을 막을 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ? μ§€κ΅¬μƒμ—λŠ”
00:29
There are more than 7.8 billion of us on the planet.
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78μ–΅ λͺ…이 λ„˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:33
That number is going up.
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κ·Έ μˆ«μžκ°€ μ˜¬λΌκ°€κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:36
We're using more and more water,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 점점 더 λ§Žμ€ 물을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ³ 
00:38
but there's only a limited amount available.
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μžˆμ§€λ§Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 양은 μ œν•œλ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:41
Cape Town, South Africa:
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남아프리카 μΌ€μ΄ν”„νƒ€μš΄:
00:44
water levels in reservoirs started dropping in 2015.
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2015년에 μ €μˆ˜μ§€μ˜ μˆ˜μœ„κ°€ 떨어지기 μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:50
In 2017, people started talking about Day Zero,
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2017년에 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μˆ˜λ„κΌ­μ§€λ₯Ό μž κ°€μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ” μ‹œμ μΈ 제둜 데이에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:56
a possible time when taps would need to be turned off.
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. 450만 인ꡬ
01:00
Real worries that a city of four and a half million people
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의 λ„μ‹œκ°€
01:04
would need to queue in the streets to get water.
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물을 μ–»κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 거리에 쀄을 μ„œμ•Ό ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 사싀이 κ±±μ •μŠ€λŸ½μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:08
The Dead Sea in Jordan:
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μš”λ₯΄λ‹¨μ˜ 사해:
01:11
30 years ago, water reached this motorway,
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30λ…„ 전에 물이 이 κ³ μ†λ„λ‘œμ— λ„λ‹¬ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ
01:15
but rivers were diverted for farming.
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강은 농업을 μœ„ν•΄ μ „μš©λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:19
Climate change added to the problem
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κΈ°ν›„ λ³€ν™”κ°€ λ¬Έμ œμ— 더해져
01:21
and now the sea itself is at risk
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λ°”λ‹€ μžμ²΄κ°€ μœ„ν—˜μ— μ²˜ν–ˆκ³ 
01:25
and the soil is drying out so much,
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토양이 λ„ˆλ¬΄ 건쑰해져
01:28
the structure of the ground is breaking.
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λ•…μ˜ ꡬ쑰가 λ¬΄λ„ˆμ§€κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:31
Huge sinkholes have opened up, wrecking roads and homes.
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κ±°λŒ€ν•œ 싱크홀이 생겨 λ„λ‘œμ™€ 주택이 νŒŒκ΄΄λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:37
This is the kind of problem that causes other problems.
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이것은 λ‹€λ₯Έ 문제λ₯Ό μΌμœΌν‚€λŠ” μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ λ¬Έμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:42
People may fight for water,
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 물을 μœ„ν•΄ μ‹ΈμšΈ μˆ˜λ„
01:44
or run to another country for help.
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있고 도움을 μ²­ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ‹€λ₯Έ λ‚˜λΌλ‘œ 도망칠 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:47
How can the law help?
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법이 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 도움이 λ κΉŒμš”?
01:49
We spoke to Dr Paul Orengoh,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 물에 κ΄€ν•œ 아프리카 λͺ©νšŒ μœ„μ›νšŒμ˜ Paul Orengoh 박사와 이야기λ₯Ό λ‚˜λˆ΄μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:51
from the African Ministers Council on Water.
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.
01:55
He explained which laws are in place
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κ·ΈλŠ”
01:57
to help share this vital resource.
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이 μ€‘μš”ν•œ μžμ›μ„ κ³΅μœ ν•˜λŠ” 데 도움이 λ˜λŠ” 법λ₯ μ„ μ„€λͺ…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:01
We have conventions and protocols
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ”
02:03
that promote universal access to clean water
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κΉ¨λ—ν•œ 물에 λŒ€ν•œ 보편적 접근을 μ΄‰μ§„ν•˜λŠ” ν˜‘μ•½κ³Ό μ˜μ •μ„œλ₯Ό 가지고
02:06
and I would consider the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 2030
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있으며 μ €λŠ” UN 지속 κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ 개발 λͺ©ν‘œ 2030이
02:10
to fit under this.
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이에 λΆ€ν•©ν•œλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:12
However, these international conventions,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ ꡭ제 ν˜‘μ•½,
02:15
protocols and political commitments are loosely structured
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μ˜μ •μ„œ 및 μ •μΉ˜μ  약속은
02:20
in a way that countries are not forced to commit to them.
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κ΅­κ°€κ°€ 이λ₯Ό μ΄ν–‰ν•˜λ„λ‘ κ°•μš”λ°›μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ λŠμŠ¨ν•˜κ²Œ κ΅¬μ„±λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:25
So, in such a case, with a weak framework as that,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 그런 κ²½μš°μ—λŠ” κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ μ•½ν•œ ν‹€μ—μ„œ 그것을 μ‚¬μš©ν• μ§€ λ§μ§€λŠ” κ°œλ³„ κ΅­κ°€μ˜
02:29
then it becomes a matter of choice upon individual countries
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μ„ νƒμ˜ λ¬Έμ œκ°€ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:34
to pick whether they use them or not.
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.
02:36
The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals
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μœ μ—” 지속 κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ 개발 λͺ©ν‘œλŠ”
02:40
encourage sharing water, but they aren't legally binding:
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λ¬Ό 곡유λ₯Ό ꢌμž₯ ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 법적 ꡬ속λ ₯이 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:45
they don't force countries to do so.
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ꡭ가에 κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν•˜λ„λ‘ κ°•μš”ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:48
Which laws need to be developed?
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μ–΄λ–€ 법λ₯ μ„ κ°œλ°œν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
02:51
Water issues are usually very local in terms of challenges and opportunities,
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λ¬Ό λ¬Έμ œλŠ” 일반적으둜 도전과 기회 μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œ 맀우 지역적
02:55
and each local set-up has their own unique set of features.
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이며 각 지역 μ„€μ •μ—λŠ” κ³ μœ ν•œ κΈ°λŠ₯ μ„ΈνŠΈκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:00
So, why do we need a global commitment
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ ν˜„μ§€ 법λ₯ μ— 영ν–₯을 미치기 μœ„ν•΄ μ „ 세계적인 λ…Έλ ₯이 ν•„μš”ν•œ μ΄μœ λŠ” λ¬΄μ—‡μž…λ‹ˆκΉŒ
03:04
to be able to influence the local legislation?
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?
03:08
I think laws will need to be done
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03:11
within the sensitivities of local context,
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03:15
to be able to have been effective enough
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03:18
to serve the agenda of universal access to water.
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물에 λŒ€ν•œ 보편적인 μ ‘κ·Όμ΄λΌλŠ” 의제λ₯Ό μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ 효과적으둜 μˆ˜ν–‰ν•  수 있으렀면 법λ₯ μ΄ 지역적 λ§₯락의 민감성 λ‚΄μ—μ„œ 이루어져야 ν•œλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ¬Ό μœ„κΈ°λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
03:21
While we need a global commitment to solve the water crisis,
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μ „ 세계적인 λ…Έλ ₯이 ν•„μš”ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ
03:25
every country is different.
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λ‚˜λΌλ§ˆλ‹€ λ‹€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:27
So, they need local laws that work in their context.
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 상황에 λ§žλŠ” ν˜„μ§€ 법λ₯ μ΄ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:32
The water crisis will make people leave their homes;
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λ¬Ό μœ„κΈ°λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 집을 λ– λ‚˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:37
do they have the right to seek help in other countries?
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그듀은 λ‹€λ₯Έ λ‚˜λΌμ—μ„œ 도움을 ꡬ할 κΆŒλ¦¬κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
03:41
We currently do not have laws or policies
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ν˜„μž¬ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κΈ°ν›„ λ³€ν™”μ˜ 결과둜 λ°œμƒν•˜λŠ”
03:45
that provides for climate-induced migration
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κΈ°ν›„λ‘œ μΈν•œ 이주
03:50
or movements or misplacements of persons
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, 이동 λ˜λŠ” 잘λͺ»λœ 배치λ₯Ό κ·œμ •ν•˜λŠ” 법λ₯ μ΄λ‚˜ 정책이 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:52
that happens as a result of climate change.
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.
03:57
Unfortunately, that is the current situation
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λΆˆν–‰ν•˜κ²Œλ„ 그것이 ν˜„ μƒν™©μ΄μ§€λ§Œ
04:00
but laws and policies are needed,
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04:02
especially to protect the very poor,
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특히
04:05
who bear the burden of climate change.
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κΈ°ν›„ λ³€ν™”μ˜ 뢀담을 μ§Šμ–΄μ§„ κ·ΉλΉˆμΈ΅μ„ λ³΄ν˜Έν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ 법과 정책이 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:10
Unfortunately, there aren't laws directly protecting people
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μ•ˆνƒ€κΉκ²Œλ„ λ¬Ό λΆ€μ‘±μœΌλ‘œ 집을 λ– λ‚˜μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ 직접 λ³΄ν˜Έν•˜λŠ” 법은 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:14
who have to leave their homes due to lack of water.
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.
04:18
People currently don't have the right to seek refuge from climate issues.
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ν˜„μž¬ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ κΈ°ν›„ λ¬Έμ œλ‘œλΆ€ν„° ν”Όλ‚œμ²˜λ₯Ό 찾을 κΆŒλ¦¬κ°€ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:23
Do we have enough climate laws to manage the water crisis?
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λ¬Ό μœ„κΈ°λ₯Ό κ΄€λ¦¬ν•˜κΈ°μ— μΆ©λΆ„ν•œ 기후법이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
04:28
At the national level and regional level,
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ꡭ가적 차원 κ³Ό 지역적 차원
04:31
as well as global level, these kind of laws are needed.
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은 λ¬Όλ‘  세계적 μ°¨μ›μ—μ„œλ„ 이런 μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ 법이 ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€.
04:35
Within the context of climate change, of course,
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λ¬Όλ‘  κΈ°ν›„ λ³€ν™”μ˜ λ§₯λ½μ—μ„œ
04:37
what is done at the national level
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ꡭ가적 μ°¨μ›μ—μ„œ ν–‰ν•΄μ§€λŠ” 것은
04:39
feeds into regional level and to the global level.
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지역적 차원 κ³Ό 지ꡬ적 μ°¨μ›μœΌλ‘œ μ „λ‹¬λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:43
So, there's no kind of one-way approach to this.
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 이에 λŒ€ν•œ 단방ν–₯ μ ‘κ·Ό 방식은 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λͺ¨λ“ 
04:49
It has to be done across the levels.
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λ ˆλ²¨μ—μ„œ 이루어져야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:51
Climate change is a global problem,
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κΈ°ν›„λ³€ν™”λŠ” μ „ 세계적인 λ¬Έμ œμ΄λ―€λ‘œ μ „
04:54
so we need laws at a global level.
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세계적인 μ°¨μ›μ˜ 법이 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:57
But, to get things done, we really need laws
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 일을 μ™„μˆ˜ν•˜λ €λ©΄
05:00
at a smaller, regional and national level too.
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μ†Œκ·œλͺ¨, 지역 및 κ΅­κ°€ μ°¨μ›μ˜ 법λ₯ λ„ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:04
Paul says there aren't many international laws
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Paul은
05:08
protecting people forced out of their homes to find water,
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물을 μ°ΎκΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ§‘μ—μ„œ μ«“κ²¨λ‚œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ λ³΄ν˜Έν•˜λŠ” κ΅­μ œλ²•μ΄ λ§Žμ§€ μ•ŠμœΌλ©°
05:12
and that local laws need changing too.
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ν˜„μ§€λ²•λ„ λ³€κ²½λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€κ³  λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:15
Of course, water isn't just vital for drinking.
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λ¬Όλ‘  물은 λ§ˆμ‹œκΈ°μ—λ§Œ ν•„μˆ˜μ μΈ 것이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:18
We use it in our factories in huge amounts.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 곡μž₯μ—μ„œ μ—„μ²­λ‚œ 양을 μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:22
People depend on work and water to survive,
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 생쑴을 μœ„ν•΄ 일과 물에 μ˜μ‘΄ν•˜λŠ”λ°
05:26
so what could the future hold?
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λ―Έλž˜λŠ” μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ κΉŒμš”?
05:29
Early 2021...
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2021λ…„ 초...
05:32
and Taiwan's biggest reservoir, Tsengwen,
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그리고 λŒ€λ§Œμ˜ κ°€μž₯ 큰 μ €μˆ˜μ§€μΈ Tsengwen은
05:35
was at its driest in years.
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λͺ‡ λ…„ λ§Œμ— κ°€μž₯ κ±΄μ‘°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:38
Other reservoirs in Taiwan are also thirsty,
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05:42
including this one in the north, which supplies water
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05:45
for Taiwan's $100 billion semiconductor industry.
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λŒ€λ§Œμ˜ 1,000μ–΅ λ‹¬λŸ¬ 규λͺ¨ λ°˜λ„μ²΄ 산업에 물을 κ³΅κΈ‰ν•˜λŠ” 뢁μͺ½μ˜ μ €μˆ˜μ§€λ₯Ό ν¬ν•¨ν•˜μ—¬ λŒ€λ§Œμ˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ €μˆ˜μ§€λ„ λͺ©μ΄ 마λ₯΄κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:50
The world's largest contract chip maker, TSMC, is nearby.
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세계 μ΅œλŒ€μ˜ 계약 μΉ© μ œμ‘°μ—…μ²΄μΈ TSMCκ°€ κ·Όμ²˜μ— μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:56
It and other semiconductor companies
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그것과 λ‹€λ₯Έ λ°˜λ„μ²΄ νšŒμ‚¬λ“€μ€ 기술 μž₯치 내뢀에 λ“€μ–΄κ°€λŠ” μ‹€λ¦¬μ½˜ 웨이퍼λ₯Ό
05:59
need a lot of water to spray clean the silicon wafers
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뢄사 μ²­μ†Œν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ§Žμ€ 물이 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
06:03
that go inside tech gadgets...
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... ν•˜λ£¨μ—
06:06
using up to 170,000 tonnes of water a day.
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μ΅œλŒ€ 170,000 ν†€μ˜ 물을 μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:11
The government has stopped irrigating
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μ •λΆ€λŠ”
06:13
thousands of hectares of nearby farmland.
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인근 λ†μ§€μ˜ 수천 ν—₯타λ₯΄μ— λŒ€ν•œ κ΄€κ°œλ₯Ό μ€‘λ‹¨ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:17
That has left farmers like Chuang Chen-deng
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그것은 Chuang Chen-dengκ³Ό 같은 농뢀듀이
06:20
worried about his rice fields.
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그의 논에 λŒ€ν•΄ κ±±μ •ν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 일주일에 이틀 λ˜λŠ” ν•˜λ£¨ λ™μ•ˆ
06:23
You can give us water for two days a week
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μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ 물을 쀄 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
06:25
or one day – farmers will find a way.
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. 농뢀듀이 방법을 찾을 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:27
But now, they've completely cut our water.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이제 그듀은 우리의 물을 μ™„μ „νžˆ λŠμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:30
Farmers can't find a way out.
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농뢀듀은 νƒˆμΆœκ΅¬λ₯Ό 찾을 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:33
You're focusing entirely on semiconductors.
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당신은 μ „μ μœΌλ‘œ λ°˜λ„μ²΄μ— μ§‘μ€‘ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:35
Chip maker TSMC planned for the worst.
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μΉ© μ œμ‘°μ—…μ²΄ TSMCλŠ” μ΅œμ•…μ˜ 상황을 κ³„νšν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:39
They brought truckloads of water, extracted from construction sites,
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그듀은 건섀 ν˜„μž₯μ—μ„œ μΆ”μΆœν•œ 물을 트럭으둜 κ°€μ Έμ™”κ³ 
06:44
and increased the amount of water they recycle and reuse.
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μž¬ν™œμš©ν•˜κ³  μž¬μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 물의 양을 λŠ˜λ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:48
Experts, however, warned that even after this drought,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 전문가듀은 이번 κ°€λ­„ 이후에도 λŒ€λ§Œμ˜ λ¬Ό λΆ€μ‘± 원인을
06:52
tough action is needed to address the causes of Taiwan's water shortages.
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ν•΄κ²°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ κ°•λ ₯ν•œ μ‘°μΉ˜κ°€ ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€κ³  κ²½κ³ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
07:00
So, with different groups all needing water,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 물을 ν•„μš”λ‘œ ν•˜λŠ” λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 그룹을 λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ 영ꡭ 이슀트 액글리아 λŒ€ν•™μ˜ λ¬Ό λ³΄μ•ˆ 및 μ •μ±… ꡐ수인 Mark ZeitounμœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„°
07:04
we found out more from Mark Zeitoun,
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더 λ§Žμ€ 정보λ₯Ό μ–»μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:07
Professor of Water Security and Policy
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07:10
at the University of East Anglia in the UK.
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.
07:13
He explained how the lack of water –
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κ·ΈλŠ” λ¬Ό λΆ€μ‘±(
07:16
also called water scarcity – is a complex issue.
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λ¬Ό 뢀쑱이라고도 함)이 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ λ³΅μž‘ν•œ λ¬Έμ œμΈμ§€ μ„€λͺ…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:20
Well, actually, there are two types of scarcity:
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κΈ€μŽ„μš”, 사싀 ν¬μ†Œμ„±μ—λŠ” 두 가지 μœ ν˜•μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:23
one – the most common – is what we call biophysical scarcity.
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κ°€μž₯ 일반적인 것 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 생물물리학적 ν¬μ†Œμ„±μ΄λΌκ³  λΆ€λ₯΄λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έλ•ŒλŠ”
07:27
That's when it doesn't rain enough and when we're counting on the rains.
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λΉ„κ°€ μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ 내리지 μ•Šμ„ λ•Œμ΄κ³  μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λΉ„κ°€ 올 λ•Œλ₯Ό κΈ°λŒ€ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ„ λ•Œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 훨씬 더 μ€‘μš”ν•œ
07:31
The other type of water scarcity,
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μœ ν˜•μ˜ λ¬Ό 뢀쑱은
07:33
which is much more important, is called social scarcity.
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μ‚¬νšŒμ  뢀쑱이라고 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:36
That's scarcity that comes from that fact that we deny water
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그것은 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 물을 μ‚΄ μ—¬μœ κ°€
07:41
to people who can't afford it, or if they are the wrong nationality.
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μ—†κ±°λ‚˜ 그듀이 잘λͺ»λœ ꡭ적을 가진 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ 물을 주지 μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λŠ” μ‚¬μ‹€μ—μ„œ μ˜€λŠ” ν¬μ†Œμ„±μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:46
It has nothing to do with how much rain falls on the area.
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κ·Έ 지역에 λ‚΄λ¦¬λŠ” λΉ„μ˜ μ–‘κ³ΌλŠ” μ•„λ¬΄λŸ° 관련이 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:50
There are two types of lack of water for law to look at.
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법이 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ΄μ•Ό ν•  λ¬Ό λΆ€μ‘±μ—λŠ” 두 가지 μœ ν˜•μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:55
Biophysical scarcity is lack of rain.
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생물물리학적 ν¬μ†Œμ„±μ€ λΉ„κ°€ λΆ€μ‘±ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:59
Social scarcity is when people are denied water by others.
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μ‚¬νšŒμ  ν¬μ†Œμ„±μ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ— μ˜ν•΄ 물을 κ±°λΆ€λ‹Ήν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ¬Όκ³Ό κ΄€λ ¨ν•˜μ—¬
08:05
Is international law or national law more helpful when it comes to water?
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κ΅­μ œλ²•κ³Ό ꡭ내법 쀑 μ–΄λŠ 것이 더 도움이 λ©λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
08:11
It's all about enforceability – I mean,
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λͺ¨λ“  것은 집행 κ°€λŠ₯성에 κ΄€ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:13
national law in general can be enforced:
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일반적으둜 ꡭ내법은 집행될 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:17
you have a police force, you have a legal system,
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κ²½μ°°λ ₯, 법λ₯  μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ,
08:20
you have courts, you have prisons.
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법원, 감μ˜₯이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:22
International law and international water law cannot be enforced:
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κ΅­μ œλ²•κ³Ό ꡭ제 μˆ˜μ§ˆλ²•μ€ 집행될 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:28
I mean, there is no global policeman.
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제 말은 κΈ€λ‘œλ²Œ 경찰이 μ—†λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:31
I don't know of any state would be welcomed as a global policeman
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μ–΄λ–€ μ£Όκ°€ κΈ€λ‘œλ²Œ 경찰둜 ν™˜μ˜λ°›μ„μ§€ λͺ¨λ₯΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:34
and that's probably a good thing.
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μ•„λ§ˆ 쒋은 일이겠죠.
08:37
But, because the international water law cannot be enforced,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ ꡭ제 μˆ˜μžμ›λ²•μ„ 집행할 수 μ—†κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
08:41
that means violations of international water law can continue,
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ꡭ제 μˆ˜μžμ›λ²• μœ„λ°˜μ΄ 계속될 수 있으며
08:45
sometimes without any consequences.
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λ•Œλ‘œλŠ” μ•„λ¬΄λŸ° 결과도 μ΄ˆλž˜ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ„ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:48
National laws are more likely to have a system of enforcement
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κ΅­μ œλ²•μ—λŠ” ꡭ제 집행 기관이 μ—†κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— ꡭ내법은 λ¬Ό 뢀쑱에 κ΄€ν•œ 집행 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ„ κ°€μ§ˆ κ°€λŠ₯성이 더 ν½λ‹ˆλ‹€
08:53
when it comes to a lack of water,
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08:55
because international law has no international enforcement agency.
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. ꡭ제 μˆ˜μžμ›λ²•
09:01
The other good thing about international water law is
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의 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ 쒋은 점은
09:04
it tells you how to distribute the resources
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09:06
that are transboundary or that are international.
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ꡭ경을 λ„˜ κ±°λ‚˜ ꡭ제적인 μžμ›μ„ λΆ„λ°°ν•˜λŠ” 방법을 μ•Œλ €μ€€λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:10
It doesn't say that, if there are three countries involved,
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3개의 κ΅­κ°€κ°€ κ΄€λ ¨λœ 경우
09:13
that each country gets one third;
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각 κ΅­κ°€κ°€ 3λΆ„μ˜ 1을 μ°¨μ§€ν•œλ‹€κ³  λ§ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:15
it says that each country should use the waters
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각 λ‚˜λΌκ°€
09:18
in an equitable and reasonable amount.
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곡평 ν•˜κ³  합리적인 μ–‘μœΌλ‘œ 물을 μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€κ³  λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:21
And then it gives a definition of equitable and reasonable,
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그리고 κ³΅ν‰ν•˜κ³  합리적인 것에 λŒ€ν•œ μ •μ˜λ₯Ό λ‚΄λ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:25
stating how much...
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09:26
how many people are dependent on the water resources,
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μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μˆ˜μžμ›μ— μ˜μ‘΄ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ”μ§€, μˆ˜μžμ›μ˜
09:30
what's the economic value of the water resources
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경제적 κ°€μΉ˜λŠ” 무엇이며
09:32
and are there alternative water resources?
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λŒ€μ²΄ μˆ˜μžμ›μ΄ μžˆλŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:35
International law regulates cross-border disputes,
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κ΅­μ œλ²•μ€
09:39
where things like lakes and rivers cross borders between countries.
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ν˜Έμˆ˜μ™€ κ°• 같은 것이 κ΅­κ°€ κ°„ ꡭ경을 λ„˜λ‚˜λ“œλŠ” κ΅­κ²½ κ°„ λΆ„μŸμ„ κ·œμ œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:45
It can make sure countries share water fairly.
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κ΅­κ°€κ°€ κ³΅μ •ν•˜κ²Œ 물을 κ³΅μœ ν•˜λ„λ‘ ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:49
International law also has a lot to say about human rights.
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κ΅­μ œλ²•μ€ λ˜ν•œ μΈκΆŒμ— λŒ€ν•΄ λ§Žμ€ 것을 λ§ν•΄μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:54
Does this help?
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도움이 λ˜λ‚˜μš”?
09:56
Yes, most definitely. The human right to water can help for...
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예, κ°€μž₯ ν™•μ‹€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 물에 λŒ€ν•œ μΈκΆŒμ€
09:59
to deal with social water scarcity.
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μ‚¬νšŒμ μΈ λ¬Ό λΆ€μ‘± 문제λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•˜λŠ” 데 도움이 될 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:02
I mean, if... if a country recognises in its national legislation
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λ‚΄ 말은, 만일... μ–΄λ–€ κ΅­κ°€κ°€
10:08
that the right to water cannot be denied
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물에 λŒ€ν•œ κΆŒλ¦¬κ°€ 거뢀될 수 μ—†λ‹€λŠ” 것을 κ΅­λ‚΄λ²•μœΌλ‘œ μΈμ •ν•œλ‹€λ©΄,
10:12
then the government or the companies that provide you water
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μ •λΆ€λ‚˜ λ‹Ήμ‹ μ—κ²Œ 물을 μ œκ³΅ν•˜λŠ” νšŒμ‚¬λŠ”
10:16
cannot turn their taps off, even if you don't pay for the water.
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당신이 물값을 μ§€λΆˆν•˜μ§€ μ•Šλ”λΌλ„ μˆ˜λ„κΌ­μ§€λ₯Ό μž κΈ€ 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:21
This is the case in the UK:
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이것은 영ꡭ의 κ²½μš°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:23
the UK government has recognised the right to water
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영ꡭ μ •λΆ€λŠ” 물에 λŒ€ν•œ ꢌ리λ₯Ό μΈμ •ν–ˆκΈ°
10:27
and so even the private companies here cannot turn your taps off.
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λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 이곳의 λ―Όκ°„ 기업도 μˆ˜λ„κΌ­μ§€λ₯Ό 끌 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:31
The human right to water helps people in many countries
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물에 λŒ€ν•œ μΈκΆŒμ€ λ§Žμ€ κ΅­κ°€μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄
10:35
get the water they need to drink.
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λ§ˆμ…”μ•Ό ν•  물을 μ–»λŠ” 데 도움이 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:38
Additional protection can be gained
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10:40
if countries have included it in their own laws.
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κ΅­κ°€κ°€ 자체 법λ₯ μ— ν¬ν•¨μ‹œν‚¨ 경우 μΆ”κ°€ 보호λ₯Ό 얻을 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:45
We've seen that international law has gaps
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ”
10:48
when it comes to making sure that people have enough water.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ μΆ©λΆ„ν•œ 물이 μžˆλŠ”μ§€ ν™•μΈν•˜λŠ” 것과 κ΄€λ ¨ν•˜μ—¬ κ΅­μ œλ²•μ— 곡백이 μžˆμŒμ„ λ³΄μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:52
But, because international law says everyone has a human right to water,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ κ΅­μ œλ²•μ€ λͺ¨λ“  μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ 물에 λŒ€ν•œ μΈκΆŒμ„ 가지고 μžˆλ‹€κ³  λͺ…μ‹œν•˜κ³  있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
10:57
even as supplies are drying up,
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곡급이 κ³ κ°ˆλ˜λ”λΌλ„
10:59
people should be able to rely on that right.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ κ·Έ κΆŒλ¦¬μ— μ˜μ§€ν•  수 μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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