Why are there 3 ways to pronounce 'ch' in English? Pronunciation lesson ๐Ÿ‘„

72,353 views ใƒป 2021-09-06

BBC Learning English


ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุชุชู… ุชุฑุฌู…ุชู‡ุง ุขู„ูŠู‹ุง.

00:08
The other day, as I was nonchalantly wandering to the chemist
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ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุŒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูƒู†ุช ุฃุชุฌูˆู„ ุจู„ุง ู…ุจุงู„ุงุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตูŠุฏู„ูŠ
00:11
to get some cheese,
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ู„ู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฌุจู† ุŒ
00:13
I thought to myself:
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ู‚ู„ุช ู„ู†ูุณูŠ:
00:15
"Why am I going to the chemist to get cheese?"
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"ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ุณุฃุฐู‡ุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตูŠุฏู„ูŠ ู„ู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุจู†ุŸ"
00:18
And then I remembered.
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ุซู… ุชุฐูƒุฑุช.
00:20
ย  It's all to do with the letters 'CH'.
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ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ุฃุญุฑู "CH".
00:23
In the word 'nonchalantly', which means in a casual and relaxed manner,
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ููŠ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ "ุจู„ุง ู…ุจุงู„ุงุฉ" ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุนู†ูŠ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุบูŠุฑ ุฑุณู…ูŠุฉ ูˆู…ุณุชุฑุฎูŠุฉ ุŒ ูŠุชู… ู†ุทู‚
00:27
the C H in the middle of the word is pronounced [sh].
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C H ููŠ ู…ู†ุชุตู ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ [sh].
00:31
In chemist, the C H at the beginning is pronounced [k].
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ููŠ ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠ ุŒ ูŠุชู… ู†ุทู‚ C H ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ [k].
00:35
But C H in cheese is pronounced [tch].
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ูŠุชู… ู†ุทู‚ C H ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุจู† [tch].
00:40
So why is this?
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ูู„ู…ุงุฐุง ู‡ุฐุงุŸ
00:41
The truth lies as ever in the history of English.
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ุชูƒู…ู† ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูŠ ูˆู‚ุช ู…ุถู‰ ููŠ ุชุงุฑูŠุฎ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ.
00:45
English has evolved from many sources.
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ุชุทูˆุฑุช ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุนุฏุฉ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ.
00:48
It has invented, absorbed and borrowed
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุงุฎุชุฑุนุช ูˆุงุณุชูˆุนุจุช ูˆุงุณุชุนุงุฑุช
00:51
vocabulary from those who invaded us and those who we have invaded.
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ู…ูุฑุฏุงุช ู…ู† ุบุฒูˆู†ุง ูˆู…ู† ุบุฒูˆู†ุง.
00:57
The pronunciation of many words can give us a clue where they came from.
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ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ู†ุทู‚ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ููƒุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ุตุฏุฑู‡ุง.
01:02
So what about our friend C H then? What do we know about the origins
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ุฅุฐู† ู…ุงุฐุง ุนู† ุตุฏูŠู‚ู†ุง C H ุฅุฐู†ุŸ ู…ุงุฐุง ู†ุนุฑู ุนู† ุงุตู„
01:08
of the words that pronounce these letters differently?
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ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู†ุทู‚ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุฑูˆู ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุŸ
01:13
Words that originally came from the Greek language, like chemist,
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ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฌุงุกุช ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุตู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ูŠูˆู†ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุŒ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠ ุŒ
01:17
school, mechanic, orchestra, pronounce the C H as [k] .
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ูˆุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ุŒ ูˆุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠ ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฃูˆุฑูƒุณุชุฑุง ุŒ ุชู†ุทู‚ C H ูƒู€ [k].
01:23
These words may have travelled through other languages, but are
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ู‚ุฏ ุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ู‚ุฏ ุงู†ุชู‚ู„ุช ุนุจุฑ ู„ุบุงุช ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง
01:26
often connected with the fields of study, science and politics.
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ุบุงู„ุจู‹ุง ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ุจู…ุฌุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ูˆุงู„ุนู„ูˆู… ูˆุงู„ุณูŠุงุณุฉ.
01:31
The [sh] pronunciation of C H is in words that originally come
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ุงู„ [sh] ู†ุทู‚ C H ููŠ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฃุชูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุตู„
01:36
from French: nonchalant, machine, chauffeur, chivalry and quiche.
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ู…ู† ุงู„ูุฑู†ุณูŠุฉ: ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุจุงู„ ุŒ ุขู„ุฉ ุŒ ุณุงุฆู‚ ุŒ ุงู„ูุฑูˆุณูŠุฉ ูˆ quiche.
01:44
Which brings us back to cheese again. Words like cheese, church,
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ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุนูŠุฏู†ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุจู† ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰. ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุฌุจู† ูˆุงู„ูƒู†ูŠุณุฉ
01:49
beach and child can trace their roots back to middle and old English.
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ูˆุงู„ุดุงุทุฆ ูˆุงู„ุทูู„ ุฃู† ุชุนูˆุฏ ุฌุฐูˆุฑู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ูˆุณุทู‰ ูˆุงู„ู‚ุฏูŠู…ุฉ.
01:54
So how does this help us if we don't know any of this history?
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ุฅุฐู† ูƒูŠู ูŠุณุงุนุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุง ู„ุง ู†ุนุฑู ุฃูŠู‹ุง ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุงุฑูŠุฎุŸ ูŠุชู… ู†ุทู‚
01:59
The majority of words with C H are pronounced as [tch],
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ุบุงู„ุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ C H ูƒู€ [tch] ุŒ
02:03
this is the biggest group.
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ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ.
02:05
And words that end in C H are almost always pronounced [tch].
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ูˆุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู†ุชู‡ูŠ ุจู€ C H ูŠุชู… ู†ุทู‚ู‡ุง ุฏุงุฆู…ู‹ุง [tch].
02:11
Almost always, but not always always.
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ุฏุงุฆู…ู‹ุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจู‹ุง ุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ู„ูŠุณ ุฏุงุฆู…ู‹ุง.
02:15
For example, take the words patriarch, monarch, oligarch,
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ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุŒ ุฎุฐ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ุจุทุฑูŠุฑูƒ ุŒ ุงู„ู…ู„ูƒ ุŒ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠุบุงุฑุดูŠุฉ ุŒ
02:21
they are of Greek origin and all end in the [k] sound.
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ูู‡ูŠ ู…ู† ุฃุตู„ ูŠูˆู†ุงู†ูŠ ูˆุชู†ุชู‡ูŠ ุฌู…ูŠุนู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุตูˆุช [ูƒ]. ูˆู…ู†
02:26
Interestingly, they are all based on the same root Greek word,
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ุงู„ู…ุซูŠุฑ ู„ู„ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู… ุŒ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุฌู…ูŠุนู‹ุง ุชุณุชู†ุฏ ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ูŠูˆู†ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌุฐุฑูŠุฉ ุŒ
02:30
which means rule: A R C H,
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ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ: A R C H ุŒ
02:34
which is, of course, pronounced 'ark'.
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ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุŒ ุจุงู„ุทุจุน ุŒ ุชูู„ูุธ "ark".
02:38
No, of course it isn't. It's arch.
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ู„ุง ุŒ ุจุงู„ุทุจุน ู„ูŠุณ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ. ุฅู†ู‡ ู‚ูˆุณ.
02:41
Even though it's a word which comes from Greek, the C H is pronounced [tch].
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ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ุฃู†ู‡ุง ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุชุฃุชูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ูŠูˆู†ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุŒ ูŠุชู… ู†ุทู‚ C H [tch].
02:48
And you can still get caught out on the odd,
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ูˆู„ุง ูŠุฒุงู„ ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูƒ ุงู„ูˆู‚ูˆุน ููŠ ูุฎ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ุบุฑูŠุจุฉ
02:52
very odd,
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ูˆุงู„ุบุฑูŠุจุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุง
02:54
word like yacht.
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ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ูŠุฎุช. ููŠ
02:56
The first time I saw this word, I thought it was pronounced 'yatchet'.
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ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฑุฃูŠุช ููŠู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุŒ ุงุนุชู‚ุฏุช ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชูู†ุทู‚ "yatchet".
03:02
But of course, it's not. The C H is [silent].
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ู„ูƒู† ุจุงู„ุทุจุน ู„ูŠุณ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ. C H [ุตุงู…ุช].
03:08
And don't get me started on the schedule/schedule debate,
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ูˆู„ุง ุชุฏุนูˆู†ูŠ ุฃุจุฏุฃ ููŠ ู…ู†ุงู‚ุดุฉ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฒู…ู†ูŠ / ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฒู…ู†ูŠ ุŒ
03:12
Which is correct: [sh]edule or [sk]edule?
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ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ: [sh] edule or [sk] eduleุŸ
03:16
Well, they both are.
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ุญุณู†ู‹ุง ุŒ ูƒู„ุงู‡ู…ุง.
03:18
In British English the pronunciation is [sh]edule,
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ุงู„ู†ุทู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจุฑูŠุทุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ูˆ [sh] edule ุŒ
03:21
but in American English, it's [sk]edule.
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ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ ุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ [sk] edule.
03:28
According to my schedule, it's time for that cheese.
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ูˆูู‚ู‹ุง ู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฒู…ู†ูŠ ุŒ ุญุงู† ูˆู‚ุช ุชู†ุงูˆู„ ุงู„ุฌุจู†.
03:31
I'm off to the chemist.
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ุฃู†ุง ุฐุงู‡ุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตูŠุฏู„ูŠ.
ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน

ุณูŠู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ YouTube ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ุณุชุฑู‰ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ุงู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูŠุชู… ุชู…ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุน ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุทู„ุจุงุช ุŒ ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7