Why are there 3 ways to pronounce 'ch' in English? Pronunciation lesson ๐Ÿ‘„

72,353 views ใƒป 2021-09-06

BBC Learning English


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ. ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื”.

00:08
The other day, as I was nonchalantly wandering to the chemist
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ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ื™ืžื™ื, ื›ืฉืฉื•ื˜ื˜ืชื™ ื‘ื ื•ื ืฉืœื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืจืงื—ืช
00:11
to get some cheese,
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ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื’ื‘ื™ื ื”,
00:13
I thought to myself:
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ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืœืขืฆืžื™:
00:15
"Why am I going to the chemist to get cheese?"
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"ืœืžื” ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืจืงื—ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื’ื‘ื™ื ื”?"
00:18
And then I remembered.
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ื•ืื– ื ื–ื›ืจืชื™.
00:20
ย  It's all to do with the letters 'CH'.
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ื”ื›ืœ ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืื•ืชื™ื•ืช 'CH'.
00:23
In the word 'nonchalantly', which means in a casual and relaxed manner,
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ื‘ืžื™ืœื” 'ื ื•ื ืฉืœื ื˜ื™', ืฉืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืกืชืžื™ ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื—, ืžื‘ื˜ืื™ื
00:27
the C H in the middle of the word is pronounced [sh].
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ืืช ื”-ืฆ' ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ืžื™ืœื” [ืฉ].
00:31
In chemist, the C H at the beginning is pronounced [k].
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ื‘ื›ื™ืžืื™, ื”-C H ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืžื‘ื•ื˜ื [k].
00:35
But C H in cheese is pronounced [tch].
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ืื‘ืœ ืฆ"ื— ื‘ื’ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžื‘ื•ื˜ื [ื˜"ื—].
00:40
So why is this?
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ืื– ืœืžื” ื–ื”?
00:41
The truth lies as ever in the history of English.
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ื”ืืžืช ื˜ืžื•ื ื” ื›ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ืช.
00:45
English has evolved from many sources.
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ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืชืคืชื—ื” ืžืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื.
00:48
It has invented, absorbed and borrowed
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืฆื™ืื”, ืกืคื’ื” ื•ื”ืฉืื™ืœื” ืื•ืฆืจ
00:51
vocabulary from those who invaded us and those who we have invaded.
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ืžื™ืœื™ื ืžืืœื” ืฉืคืœืฉื• ืืœื™ื ื• ื•ืžืžื™ ืฉืคืœืฉื ื•.
00:57
The pronunciation of many words can give us a clue where they came from.
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ื”ื”ื’ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ืœื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืชืช ืœื ื• ืจืžื– ืžืื™ืคื” ื”ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ืขื•.
01:02
So what about our friend C H then? What do we know about the origins
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ืื– ืžื” ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื ื• ืฆ' ื”'? ืžื” ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืžืงื•ืจืŸ
01:08
of the words that pronounce these letters differently?
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ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื”ืžื‘ื˜ืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื•ื ื”?
01:13
Words that originally came from the Greek language, like chemist,
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ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ ืžื”ืฉืคื” ื”ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ืช, ื›ืžื• ื›ื™ืžืื™,
01:17
school, mechanic, orchestra, pronounce the C H as [k] .
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ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ, ืžื›ื•ื ืื™, ืชื–ืžื•ืจืช, ืžื‘ื˜ืื•ืช ืืช ื”-C H ื›-[k] .
01:23
These words may have travelled through other languages, but are
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ืžื™ืœื™ื ืืœื• ืขื‘ืจื• ืื•ืœื™ ื‘ืฉืคื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืืš
01:26
often connected with the fields of study, science and politics.
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ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืœืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“, ื”ืžื“ืข ื•ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื”.
01:31
The [sh] pronunciation of C H is in words that originally come
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ื”ื”ื’ื™ื™ื” [sh] ืฉืœ C H ื”ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืžืงื•ืจืŸ
01:36
from French: nonchalant, machine, chauffeur, chivalry and quiche.
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ื‘ืฆืจืคืชื™ืช: ื ื•ื ืฉืœื ื˜, ืžื›ื•ื ื”, ื ื”ื’, ืื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืงื™ืฉ.
01:44
Which brings us back to cheese again. Words like cheese, church,
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ืžื” ืฉืžื—ื–ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื ื• ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื’ื‘ื™ื ื”. ืžื™ืœื™ื ื›ืžื• ื’ื‘ื™ื ื”, ื›ื ืกื™ื™ื”,
01:49
beach and child can trace their roots back to middle and old English.
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ื—ื•ืฃ ื•ื™ืœื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืชื—ืงื•ืช ืื—ืจ ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื”ืŸ ืœืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ืช ื•ื™ืฉื ื”.
01:54
So how does this help us if we don't know any of this history?
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ืื– ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœื ื• ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ื–ื•?
01:59
The majority of words with C H are pronounced as [tch],
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืขื C H ืžื‘ื•ื˜ืื•ืช ื›-[tch],
02:03
this is the biggest group.
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ื–ื• ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
02:05
And words that end in C H are almost always pronounced [tch].
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ื•ื›ืžืขื˜ ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื‘ื˜ืื™ื ืžื™ืœื™ื ื”ืžืกืชื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘-C H [tch].
02:11
Almost always, but not always always.
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ื›ืžืขื˜ ืชืžื™ื“, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืชืžื™ื“.
02:15
For example, take the words patriarch, monarch, oligarch,
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืงื—ื• ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืคื˜ืจื™ืืจืš, ืžื•ื ืจืš, ืื•ืœื™ื’ืจืš,
02:21
they are of Greek origin and all end in the [k] sound.
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ื”ืŸ ืžืžืงื•ืจ ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ ื•ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืžืกืชื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืฆืœื™ืœ [k].
02:26
Interestingly, they are all based on the same root Greek word,
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ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื›ื•ืœื ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ื ืขืœ ืื•ืชื” ืžื™ืœื” ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ืช,
02:30
which means rule: A R C H,
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ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืฉื” ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ: A R C H,
02:34
which is, of course, pronounced 'ark'.
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ืฉื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžื‘ื•ื˜ื 'ืืจื•ืŸ'.
02:38
No, of course it isn't. It's arch.
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ืœื, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ืœื. ื–ื” ืงืฉืช.
02:41
Even though it's a word which comes from Greek, the C H is pronounced [tch].
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื–ื• ืžื™ืœื” ืฉืžืงื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ืช, ื”-C H ืžื‘ื•ื˜ื [tch].
02:48
And you can still get caught out on the odd,
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ื•ืืชื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืชืคืก ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ืžื•ื–ืจื”,
02:52
very odd,
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ื”ืžื•ื–ืจื” ืžืื•ื“,
02:54
word like yacht.
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ื›ืžื• ื™ืื›ื˜ื”.
02:56
The first time I saw this word, I thought it was pronounced 'yatchet'.
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ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื–ื•, ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉืžื‘ื˜ืื™ื ืื•ืชื” 'ื™ืืฆ'ื˜'.
03:02
But of course, it's not. The C H is [silent].
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื–ื” ืœื. ื”-C H [ืฉื•ืชืงืช].
03:08
And don't get me started on the schedule/schedule debate,
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ื•ืืœ ืชืชื—ื™ืœื• ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืœื•ื— ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื/ืœื•ื— ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื,
03:12
Which is correct: [sh]edule or [sk]edule?
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ืžื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ: [sh]edule ืื• [sk]edule?
03:16
Well, they both are.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืฉื ื™ื”ื.
03:18
In British English the pronunciation is [sh]edule,
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ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืช ื”ื”ื’ื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ื [sh]edule,
03:21
but in American English, it's [sk]edule.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช, ื–ื” [sk]edule.
03:28
According to my schedule, it's time for that cheese.
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ืœืคื™ ืœื•ื— ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ืฉืœื™, ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ื ื” ื”ื”ื™ื.
03:31
I'm off to the chemist.
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ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืจืงื—ืช.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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