How to use GERUNDS and INFINITIVES | Confusing English Grammar

1,528,113 views ใƒป 2018-11-01

mmmEnglish


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Stop to buy bread from the supermarket.
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ใ‚นใƒผใƒ‘ใƒผใƒžใƒผใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใงใƒ‘ใƒณใ‚’่ฒทใ†ใฎใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚
00:06
Stop buying bread from the supermarket!
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ใ‚นใƒผใƒ‘ใƒผใƒžใƒผใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใงใƒ‘ใƒณใ‚’่ฒทใ†ใฎใฏใ‚„ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†๏ผ
00:09
Do these two sentences have the same meaning?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ2ใคใฎๆ–‡ใฏๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:12
No and in this lesson I'll show you why.
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ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใฏใใฎ็†็”ฑใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:24
Hello I'm Emma from mmmEnglish.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€mmmEnglishใฎEmmaใงใ™ใ€‚
00:28
Today I'm going to show you how verb patterns
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใŒ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆ–‡ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใซใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ใŠ่ฆ‹ใ›ใ—ใพใ™
00:32
can affect the meaning of sentences in English.
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ใ€‚
00:36
You see, a verb followed by a gerund
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ใ”่ฆงใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใ€ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใฎๅพŒใซๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใŒ็ถšใ
00:39
can have a completely different meaning
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00:41
than if the same verb is followed by an infinitive verb.
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ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๅŒใ˜ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅพŒใซไธๅฎš่ฉžใŒ็ถšใๅ ดๅˆใจใฏใพใฃใŸใ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใคๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:47
Wow wow wow wow wow wow wow!
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ใ™ใ”ใ„ใ™ใ”ใ„ใ™ใ”ใ„ใ™ใ”ใ„ใ™ใ”ใ„ใ™ใ”ใ„ใ™ใ”ใ„๏ผ
00:49
What's a gerund?
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ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใจใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:51
A gerund looks like a verb but it's actually a noun.
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ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
00:55
It's formed by adding -ing to the end
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅŸบๆœฌๅฝขใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใซ-ingใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๅฝขๆˆใ•ใ‚Œ
01:00
of the base form of the verb.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:02
So a gerund is the base form with -ing.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใฏ-ingใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸๅŸบๆœฌๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚
01:08
'listen' plus -ing
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ใ€Œ่žใใ€ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚น-ing
01:10
Listening to music helps me relax.
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้Ÿณๆฅฝใ‚’่ดใใ“ใจใฏ็งใŒใƒชใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚
01:14
This lesson right here will explain gerunds
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฎใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใฏใ€ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉž
01:17
for you in much more detail.
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ใซใคใ„ใฆใ•ใ‚‰ใซ่ฉณใ—ใ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:20
But the infinitive is the base form of the verb.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไธๅฎš่ฉžใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅŸบๆœฌๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚
01:24
But there are two types of infinitives in English.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใซใฏ2็จฎ้กžใฎไธๅฎš่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:27
The to-infinitive which is
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01:32
the verb with 'to'.
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'to'ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹to-infinitiveใ€‚
01:34
'to listen'
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ใ€Œ่žใใ€
01:36
I prefer not to listen to music when I'm working.
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ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใฏ้Ÿณๆฅฝใ‚’่ดใ‹ใชใ„ใปใ†ใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
01:40
But there's also the zero infinitive or the base form.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ผใƒญไธๅฎš่ฉžใพใŸใฏๅŸบๆœฌๅฝขใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:44
So that's the verb without 'to'.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ€Œtoใ€ใฎใชใ„ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
01:48
Please listen carefully to my instructions.
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็งใฎๆŒ‡็คบใซๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่€ณใ‚’ๅ‚พใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
01:52
Today we're focusing on the to-infinitive
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏไธๅฎš่ฉžใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใฆใ„ใ‚‹
01:56
so the verb with 'to'
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ใฎใงใ€ใ€Œtoใ€ใฎ
01:59
and there are many, many verbs in English
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏ
02:02
that can be followed either by a gerund
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ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใพใŸใฏไธๅฎš่ฉžใฎๅพŒใซ็ถšใใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
02:06
or the to-infinitive.
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ใ€‚
02:09
Now you may hear this called a verb pattern,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
02:12
when two verbs appear together in a sentence.
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ใ€2ใคใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใŒๆ–‡ใซไธ€็ท’ใซ็พใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใใซใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่žใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:16
Some verbs completely change meaning when they're
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ไธ€้ƒจใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ
02:20
followed by either a gerund or the to-infinitive.
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ๅพŒใซๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใพใŸใฏไธๅฎš่ฉžใŒ็ถšใใจใ€ๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒๅฎŒๅ…จใซๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:25
So back to today's big question.
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ใงใฏใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎๅคงใใช่ณชๅ•ใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:29
What's the difference between 'stop buying bread'
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ใ€Œใƒ‘ใƒณใฎ่ณผๅ…ฅใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ€Œใƒ‘ใƒณใฎ่ณผๅ…ฅใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใฎ้•ใ„ใฏไฝ•
02:32
and 'stop to buy bread'?
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ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
02:36
Well 'stop' with a gerund means to quit an action.
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ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใงใ€Œๅœๆญขใ€ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:41
Stop buying bread from the supermarket.
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ใ‚นใƒผใƒ‘ใƒผใƒžใƒผใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ‘ใƒณใ‚’่ฒทใ†ใฎใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚
02:44
It's an order
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02:45
to never buy bread again from the supermarket.
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ใ‚นใƒผใƒ‘ใƒผใงไบŒๅบฆใจใƒ‘ใƒณใ‚’่ฒทใ‚ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ๅ‘ฝไปคใงใ™ใ€‚
02:48
Maybe the bread is too expensive or it's not good quality
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ใƒ‘ใƒณใŒ้ซ˜ใ™ใŽใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ๅ“่ณชใŒ่‰ฏใใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
02:52
but whatever the reason,
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ใŒใ€็†็”ฑใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใ€
02:54
'stop buying bread from the supermarket' means
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ใ€Œใ‚นใƒผใƒ‘ใƒผใƒžใƒผใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใงใƒ‘ใƒณใ‚’่ฒทใ†ใฎใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ
02:57
don't buy bread there anymore.
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ใฏใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ใใ“ใงใƒ‘ใƒณใ‚’่ฒทใ‚ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:00
Since we're talking about completely quitting an action,
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ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ๅฎŒๅ…จใซใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€
03:04
this is also the form that you should use
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€
03:07
when you're talking about addictions or bad habits.
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ไพๅญ˜็—‡ใ‚„ๆ‚ชใ„็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:11
Stop smoking cigarettes, it's bad for your health!
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ใ‚ฟใƒใ‚ณใ‚’ๅธใ†ใฎใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใชใ•ใ„ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฅๅบทใซๆ‚ชใ„ใงใ™๏ผ
03:16
I wish you'd stop biting your nails, it's gross!
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็ˆชใ‚’ๅ™›ใ‚€ใฎใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใฒใฉใ„ใงใ™๏ผ ใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚‹
03:21
Do you have a bad habit that you know you should
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ในใใ ใจ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆ‚ชใ„็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹
03:24
stop doing?
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๏ผŸ
03:26
Write a sentence about it in the comments below.
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ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
03:29
Make sure you use the gerund form, right?
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ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใฎๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใญ๏ผŸ
03:34
Okay so there's a quick ad break right now,
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ใ•ใฆใ€ไปŠใ™ใๅบƒๅ‘Šไผ‘ๆ†ฉใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
03:37
just enough time for you to write your sentence
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ใพใ™
03:39
before we move on to 'stop' with the infinitive form.
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ใ€‚ไธๅฎšๅฝขใงใ€Œๅœๆญขใ€ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซใ€ๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ๆ›ธใใฎใซๅๅˆ†ใชๆ™‚้–“ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:45
'stop' with the to-infinitive means to pause
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ไธๅฎš่ฉžใงใ€Œๅœๆญขใ€ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€
03:49
or leave one action to do another.
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ๅˆฅใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ๅฎŸ่กŒใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๆฎ‹ใ™ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:52
Stop to buy bread from the supermarket.
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ใ‚นใƒผใƒ‘ใƒผใƒžใƒผใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใงใƒ‘ใƒณใ‚’่ฒทใ†ใฎใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚
03:55
So this is also an order or an instruction but it's
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‚ๆณจๆ–‡ใ‚„ๆŒ‡็คบ
03:59
to stop at the supermarket as you go past
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ใงใ™ใŒใ€้€šใ‚Š้ŽใŽใฆใƒ‘ใƒณใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ‚นใƒผใƒ‘ใƒผใƒžใƒผใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใซ็ซ‹ใกๅฏ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™
04:02
and get some bread.
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ใ€‚
04:04
So you stop the action of walking or driving by.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆญฉใ„ใŸใ‚Š้‹่ปขใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹่กŒๅ‹•ใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:08
You interrupt that action
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ใ‚ใชใŸ
04:10
to go and buy some bread from the supermarket
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ใฏใ‚นใƒผใƒ‘ใƒผใƒžใƒผใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ‘ใƒณใ‚’่ฒทใ„ใซ่กŒใใŸใ‚ใซใใฎ่กŒๅ‹•ใ‚’ไธญๆ–ญใ—
04:13
but then you would continue back on your journey.
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ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆ—…ใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:17
So let's talk about a few more examples.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’่พžใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซ
04:21
Make sure you stop to talk to Sara
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ใ€ใ‚ตใƒฉใจ่ฉฑใ™ใฎใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใฆ
04:24
before you leave work today,
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04:25
she's got something important to tell you.
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ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซไผใˆใ‚‹ในใ้‡่ฆใชใ“ใจใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:30
I worked all day, I didn't even stop to eat lunch!
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็งใฏไธ€ๆ—ฅไธญๅƒใใพใ—ใŸใ€็งใฏๆ˜ผ้ฃŸใ‚’้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ๏ผ
04:35
Okay, great!
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ใ•ใฆใ€็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„๏ผ
04:37
So 'stop' followed by a gerund
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œๅœๆญขใ€ใฎๅพŒใซๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใŒ็ถšใใฎ
04:39
has a completely different meaning
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ใฏใ€
04:41
to 'stop' followed by the to-infinitive.
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ใ€Œๅœๆญขใ€ใฎๅพŒใซไธๅฎš่ฉžใŒ็ถšใใฎใจใฏใพใฃใŸใ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใกใพใ™ใ€‚
04:46
Now do all verbs change meaning when
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04:49
they're followed by a gerund or an infinitive?
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ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใ‚„ไธๅฎš่ฉžใŒ็ถšใใจใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
04:52
That's a good question but the answer is no.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ่‰ฏใ„่ณชๅ•ใงใ™ใŒใ€็ญ”ใˆใฏใƒŽใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚
04:56
Some verbs keep the same meaning
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ไธ€้ƒจใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ
04:58
if they're followed by a gerund or the to-infinitive.
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ๅพŒใซๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใพใŸใฏไธๅฎš่ฉžใŒ็ถšใๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ไฟๆŒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:02
Let's take a look at the word 'start'.
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ใ€Œ้–‹ๅง‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
05:05
We start eating dinner at seven.
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็งใŸใกใฏ7ๆ™‚ใซๅค•้ฃŸใ‚’้ฃŸในๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:09
We start to eat dinner at seven.
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็งใŸใกใฏ7ๆ™‚ใซๅค•้ฃŸใ‚’้ฃŸในๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:13
Is there a big difference in meaning
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05:15
between these two sentences?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ2ใคใฎๆ–‡ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใซๅคงใใช้•ใ„ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:18
Nope.
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ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€‚
05:19
So how do you know which verbs change meaning
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ใงใฏใ€ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใพใŸใฏไธๅฎš่ฉžใŒ็ถšใๅ ดๅˆใซใ€ใฉใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใŒๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆ็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใฎ
05:23
when followed by a gerund or an infinitive?
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ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:27
Now the answer is not as simple as you want it to be.
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ไปŠใ€็ญ”ใˆใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆœ›ใ‚€ใปใฉๅ˜็ด”ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:31
You need to learn them.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅญฆใถๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:33
You need to study, get familiar with different
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ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๅ‹•่ฉžใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใซ็ฒพ้€šใ—ใ€
05:36
verb patterns and practise using them.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆ็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:39
The more you see and use these verb patterns,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ่ฆ‹ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚Œใฐ
05:42
the more naturally you'll start to use them.
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ใ™ใ‚‹ใปใฉใ€่‡ช็„ถใซใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:45
But to get you started I've got some more
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ
05:48
common verbs and their meanings
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05:50
when they're followed by a gerund or an infinitive verb.
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ใ€ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใพใŸใฏไธๅฎš่ฉžใŒ็ถšใๅ ดๅˆใฎใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๅ‹•่ฉžใจใใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:55
So don't stop watching,
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€
05:57
it's just getting interesting!
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ใใ‚ŒใฏใŸใ ้ข็™ฝใใชใฃใฆใใฆใ„ใพใ™๏ผ
06:00
Forget.
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ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚
06:01
I'll never forget watching my first horror movie...
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็งใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎใƒ›ใƒฉใƒผๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆฑบใ—ใฆๅฟ˜ใ‚Œ
06:05
Don't forget to watch the news tonight!
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ใพใ›ใ‚“...ไปŠๅคœใฎใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผ
06:10
Do these verb patterns have the same meaning?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใฏๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
06:14
No, not at all!
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ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใพใฃใŸใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“๏ผ
06:16
'forget' with a gerund means to look back
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ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใงใ€Œๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€ใจใฏใ€้ŽๅŽปใฎ่จ˜ๆ†ถใ‚’ๆŒฏใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™
06:20
at past memories.
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ใ€‚
06:23
I'll never forget watching my first horror movie...
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็งใฏๆœ€ๅˆใฎใƒ›ใƒฉใƒผๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆฑบใ—ใฆๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“...
06:26
I was so scared that I couldn't sleep for weeks!
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็งใฏไฝ•้€ฑ้–“ใ‚‚็œ ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใชใ‹ใฃใŸใปใฉๆ€–ใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™๏ผ ๅญฆๆ กๅ…จไฝ“ใฎๅ‰ใง
06:32
I wish I could forget falling down the stairs
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้šŽๆฎตใ‚’้™ใ‚Šใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‰ใ„ใ„ใฎใซใจๆ€ใ„
06:34
in front of the whole school.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:38
So let's try this together,
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ไธ€็ท’ใซใ‚„ใฃใฆใฟใ‚ˆใ†ใ€ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œ
06:40
do you have an embarrassing memory that you wish
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ใฆๆฌฒใ—ใ„ๆฅใšใ‹ใ—ใ„ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใฏใ‚ใ‚Š
06:43
you could forget?
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ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
06:45
Write a sentence in the comments below
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ไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆๆฌ„ใซๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆ
06:47
so that I can check it for you.
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ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚็ขบ่ชใ•ใ›ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใพใ™ใ€‚
06:49
Now 'forget' with the to-infinitive is used
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็พๅœจใ€ไธๅฎš่ฉžใฎใ€Œๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€ใฏใ€
06:54
to give a reminder to someone,
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่ชฐใ‹ใซใƒชใƒžใ‚คใƒณใƒ€ใƒผใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ€
06:56
to make sure that they do something,
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใ€ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™
06:59
that they don't forget.
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ใ€‚
07:02
Don't forget to watch the news tonight!
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ไปŠๅคœใฎใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผ
07:04
I was interviewed on the main street today,
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใƒกใ‚คใƒณใ‚นใƒˆใƒชใƒผใƒˆใงๅ–ๆใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใพใ—ใŸ
07:06
so I don't want you to miss it!
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ใฎใงใ€ใŠ่ฆ‹้€ƒใ—ใชใ๏ผ
07:11
Don't forget to bring your tickets,
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ใƒใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚ŒใšใซๆŒๅ‚ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
07:13
otherwise, they won't let you in to the show!
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ใใ†ใ—ใชใ„ใจใ€ใ‚ทใƒงใƒผใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:18
Remember.
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่ฆšใˆใฆใ€‚
07:19
Do you remember dancing with me on our first date?
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็งใŸใกใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎใƒ‡ใƒผใƒˆใง็งใจไธ€็ท’ใซ่ธŠใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
07:23
Remember to take lots of pictures on your trip.
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ๆ—…่กŒไธญใซใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎๅ†™็œŸใ‚’ๆ’ฎใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
07:27
Do you notice any similarities between
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07:30
'forget' and 'remember'?
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'forget'ใจ 'remember'ใฎ้กžไผผ็‚นใซๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
07:32
'remember' with a gerund is used to talk about
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ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใฎใ€Œ่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใฏ
07:34
is used to talk about a memory.
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ใ€่จ˜ๆ†ถใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
07:38
What do you remember about your first date?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎใƒ‡ใƒผใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆไฝ•ใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ็ฒ˜ใ‚Šๆฐ—ใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ฟใƒฌใ‚’
07:42
I remember eating ribs covered in
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ใพใถใ—ใŸใƒชใƒ–ใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใง้ฃŸในใŸใฎใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™
07:46
sticky sauce with my hands!
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๏ผ
07:48
Thanks Shah!
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ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ‚ทใƒฃใƒผ๏ผ
07:50
It was really awkward I had sticky stuff
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็ฒ˜็€ๆ€งใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใŒ่…•ใฎๅฅฅใพใงๅฑŠใ„ใฆใ„ใŸใฎใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅŽ„ไป‹ใงใ—ใŸ
07:52
coming all the way down my arms.
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ใ€‚
07:55
Gross!
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ใใ‚‚ใ„๏ผ
07:57
What do you remember about your first date?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎใƒ‡ใƒผใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆไฝ•ใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
08:00
Write it in the comments.
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๆ›ธใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
08:02
Now remember with the to-infinitive
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ไธๅฎš่ฉž
08:06
is used to talk about something
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ใฏใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒไฝ•ใ‹
08:08
that someone needs to do to remind them
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ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใฆ
08:12
to do something.
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ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
08:14
Remember to whisk the eggs before adding the sugar.
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็ ‚็ณ–ใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซใ€ๅตใ‚’ๆณกใ ใฆๅ™จใงๆณก็ซ‹ใฆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
08:19
Remember to turn at the intersection,
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ไบคๅทฎ็‚นใงๆ›ฒใŒใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œ
08:22
otherwise, you'll get stuck on a one-way road.
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ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใใ†ใ—ใชใ„ใจใ€ไธ€ๆ–น้€š่กŒใฎ้“่ทฏใง็ซ‹ใกๅพ€็”Ÿใ—ใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:26
Regret.
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ๅพŒๆ‚”ใ€‚
08:28
The verb 'regret' with a gerund is used to talk about
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ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ŒๅพŒๆ‚”ใ€ใฏใ€
08:32
something that you did in the past,
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ้ŽๅŽปใซ
08:34
that you aren't happy about anymore.
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ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ๅนธใ›ใงใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
08:38
You know, decisions that you made in the past that you
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ
08:41
wish you didn't make.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ—ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœ›ใ‚€้ŽๅŽปใซใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ—ใŸๆฑบๅฎšใ€‚
08:44
When you wish you could go back in time
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆœ›ใ‚€ใจใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’้กใฃใฆ
08:46
and change those actions.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่กŒๅ‹•ใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
08:50
He regretted yelling at her as soon as she walked away.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใŒ็ซ‹ใกๅŽปใ‚‹ใจใ™ใใซๅฝผใฏๅฝผๅฅณใซๆ€’้ณดใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๅพŒๆ‚”ใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:55
He woke up with a pounding headache and immediately
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ๅฝผใฏใƒ‰ใ‚ญใƒ‰ใ‚ญใ™ใ‚‹้ ญ็—›ใง็›ฎใŒ่ฆšใ‚ใ€ใ™ใใซ
08:59
regretted drinking so much the night before.
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ๅ‰ใฎๆ™ฉใซใŸใใ•ใ‚“้ฃฒใ‚“ใ ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅพŒๆ‚”ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
09:02
What do you wish you could go back in time and change
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้ŽๅŽปใซใ•ใ‹ใฎใผใฃใฆๅค‰ๆ›ดใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœ›ใฟใพใ™
09:07
Can you write a sentence about it?
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ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
09:09
Add it to the comments.
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:11
Now 'regret' with the to-infinitive
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็พๅœจใ€ไธๅฎš่ฉžใฎใ€ŒๅพŒๆ‚”ใ€ใฏใ€
09:14
is used to tell someone bad news
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่ชฐใ‹ใซๆ‚ชใ„ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใ‚„่žใใŸใใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ไผใˆใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œ
09:17
or something that they don't want to hear.
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ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:20
And this verb pattern is really formal language.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅฝขๅผ่จ€่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚
09:24
And it's always followed by bad news.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅธธใซๆ‚ชใ„ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใŒ็ถšใใพใ™ใ€‚
09:28
So these are the words that you don't want to hear
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅฐฑ่ทใฎ้ขๆŽฅใฎๅพŒใซ่žใใŸใใชใ„่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™
09:31
after a job interview.
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ใ€‚
09:33
I regret to say that I wasn't impressed
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ๆฎ‹ๅฟตใชใŒใ‚‰ใ€ใใฎใƒ‘ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒณใ‚นใซใฏๆ„Ÿๅ‹•ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ
09:36
by the performance.
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ใ€‚
09:39
We regret to inform you that you have ten days left
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็”ณใ—่จณใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒ
09:42
to pay the account, otherwise, we'll close it.
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ใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ซใ‚ฆใƒณใƒˆใฎๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ„ใฏๆฎ‹ใ‚Š10ๆ—ฅใงใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚Œไปฅๅค–ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ซใ‚ฆใƒณใƒˆใ‚’้–‰้Ž–ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:47
Mean.
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ๅนณๅ‡ใ€‚
09:48
We missed our bus which meant waiting six
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็งใŸใกใฏใƒใ‚นใซไน—ใ‚Š้…ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใใ‚Œใฏๆฌกใฎใƒใ‚นใพใง6ๆ™‚้–“ๅพ…ใคใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ—
09:51
hours until the next one.
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ใŸใ€‚
09:54
Did you mean to miss the meeting this morning?
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ไปŠๆœใฎไผš่ญฐใ‚’ๆฌ ๅธญใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
09:57
So when 'mean' is followed by a gerund,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œๅนณๅ‡ใ€ใฎๅพŒใซๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใŒ็ถšใๅ ดๅˆใ€
10:00
it's used to talk about
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ใใ‚Œ
10:02
what the response or the result of something is.
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ใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใฎๅฟœ็ญ”ใพใŸใฏ็ตๆžœใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
10:07
Make sure you bring your jacket or it will mean getting
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ใ‚ธใƒฃใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’ๆŒๅ‚ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ•ใ‚‚ใชใ„ใจใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆฟกใ‚Œใฆๅฏ’ใใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—
10:10
really wet and cold.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:14
Visiting my sister in London means spending
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ใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณใง็งใฎๅฆนใ‚’่จชใญใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
10:17
eight hours on a plane.
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ใฏใ€้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใง8ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’้Žใ”ใ™ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:20
'mean' with the to-infinitive is used
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to-infinitiveใฎใ€Œmeanใ€ใฏใ€
10:24
when you intend or you plan to do something.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€่จˆ็”ปใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
10:29
So when it's used in the past tense,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€
10:31
this verb is especially useful for excuses.
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ใ“ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฏ่จ€ใ„่จณใซ็‰นใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚
10:36
I meant to call you last night, but I totally forgot!
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ๆ˜จๅคœ้›ป่ฉฑใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใ ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ™ใฃใ‹ใ‚Šๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ—ใŸ๏ผ
10:42
She meant to put sugar in your coffee,
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใซ็ ‚็ณ–ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Š
10:44
but she accidentally added salt.
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ใงใ—ใŸใŒใ€่ชคใฃใฆๅกฉใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
10:47
So now that you've had plenty of practice
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10:49
with gerunds and infinitives,
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ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใจไธๅฎš่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎ็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใฎใงใ€ๆฌก
10:51
it's time to move on to a new lesson.
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ใฏๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
10:54
Don't stop watching yet.
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ใพใ ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
10:57
Try these lessons right here
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ“ใ“
10:59
and remember to subscribe to my channel
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ใง็งใฎใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใ‚’่ณผ่ชญใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’
11:03
just down here and don't forget
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ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใพใŸใ€ใ™ใไธ‹ใซใ‚ใ‚‹
11:06
to share this video using the share button
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ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„
11:09
just down there.
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ใ€‚
11:11
See you in the next lesson!
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ๆฌกใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†๏ผ
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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