How to RELAX your ACCENT | Part 2 | Consonant Linking

387,273 views ใƒป 2019-03-22

mmmEnglish


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Well hey there! I'm Emma from mmmEnglish.
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ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใใ“ใซใ‚‚๏ผ mmmEnglishใฎEmmaใงใ™ใ€‚
00:04
In today's lesson, we're going to keep talking about
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใฏใ€
00:07
connected speech
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ๆŽฅ็ถšใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ
00:09
and that is linking sounds together
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ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—็ถšใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
00:11
when you speak English,
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ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ใจใใซ
00:13
to help you sound more relaxed and natural.
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้Ÿณใ‚’ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใƒชใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ—ใฆ่‡ช็„ถใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
00:26
to help you sound more relaxed and natural.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ‚ˆใ‚Šใƒชใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ—ใฆ่‡ช็„ถใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€‚
00:31
Connected speech is spoken language, that is
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ๆŽฅ็ถšใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใฏ่ฉฑใ—่จ€่‘‰ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ
00:35
continuous.
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็ถ™็ถš็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:37
The English spoken by native speakers in
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้€šๅธธใฎไผš่ฉฑใงใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใŒ่ฉฑใ™่‹ฑ่ชž
00:41
normal conversations.
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ใ€‚
00:43
We speak quickly without pausing between words.
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็งใŸใกใฏ่จ€่‘‰ใฎๅˆ้–“ใซ็ซ‹ใกๆญขใพใ‚‹ใ“ใจใชใ็ด ๆ—ฉใ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:47
And there is often a huge difference between
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ใใ—ใฆ
00:49
the way that words are pronounced in isolation,
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ใ€ๅ˜่ชžใŒๅ˜็‹ฌใง็™บ้Ÿณ
00:53
on their own,
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00:54
and the way that words are pronounced naturally
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ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใจใ€
00:58
in a sentence using connected speech.
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ๆŽฅ็ถšใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆๆ–‡ใฎไธญใงๅ˜่ชžใŒ่‡ช็„ถใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใจใฎ้–“ใซใฏใ€ใ—ใฐใ—ใฐๅคงใใช้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:01
When words come together in a sentence,
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ๅ˜่ชžใŒ1ใคใฎๆ–‡ใซใพใจใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใ€
01:04
they often affect each other.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏไบ’ใ„ใซๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ—ๅˆใ†ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:06
Words push together, some sounds disappear
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่จ€่‘‰ใŒๆŠผใ—ๅฏ„ใ›ใŸใ‚Šใ€้ŸณใŒๆถˆใˆ
01:10
or they change completely.
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ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๅฎŒๅ…จใซๅค‰ใ‚ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:21
So listen again without connected speech.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆŽฅ็ถšใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใชใ—ใงใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
01:29
It's really choppy,
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01:30
not like a native speaker would say it at all.
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ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใŒ่จ€ใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้€”ๅˆ‡ใ‚Œ้€”ๅˆ‡ใ‚Œใงใ™ใ€‚
01:38
That's much better.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซ่‰ฏใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:39
Using connected speech, you'll sound more natural
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ๆŽฅ็ถšใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‡ช็„ถ
01:43
and relaxed.
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ใงใƒชใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ—ใŸใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:44
And by learning and understanding how to use
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ใพใŸใ€ๆŽฅ็ถšใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใ‚’ๅญฆใณใ€็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹
01:47
connected speech,
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01:48
you'll not only improve your pronunciation but you'll also
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ใ“ใจใงใ€็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’ๆ”นๅ–„ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€
01:52
train your brain and your ears to understand
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01:56
native English speakers more easily when they speak.
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ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ไบบใŒ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใซใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š็ฐกๅ˜ใซ็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่„ณใจ่€ณใ‚’่จ“็ทดใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:00
You see, connected speech and linking sounds
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ใปใ‚‰ใ€ๆŽฅ็ถšใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใจใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹้Ÿณ
02:04
are exactly what allows native English speakers
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ใฏใ€ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชž่ฉฑ่€…ใŒใจใฆใ‚‚้€Ÿใ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฏ่ƒฝใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎ
02:07
to talk so fast.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:09
Spoken English is not always this clear.
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ๅฃ้ ญ่‹ฑ่ชžใฏๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚ใ“ใ‚Œใปใฉๆ˜Ž็ขบใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:14
Most English speakers just don't speak as clearly
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ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎ่‹ฑ่ชž่ฉฑ่€…
02:18
as I do in these videos.
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ใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใฏใฃใใ‚Šใจ่ฉฑใ›ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:19
In fact, I don't always speak this clearly either.
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€็งใ‚‚ใ„ใคใ‚‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใฏใฃใใ‚Šใจ่ฉฑใ™ใจใฏ้™ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:24
And I know it's difficult for you when you're listening
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ใพใŸ
02:27
to a native English speaker,
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ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๆฏๅ›ฝ
02:29
to hear where one word ends
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่ชžใจใ™ใ‚‹ไบบใฎ่ฉฑใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใŒใฉใ“ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Š
02:31
and another begins, right?
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ใ€ๅˆฅใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒใฉใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใพใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚’่žใใฎใฏ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
02:34
This is part of connected speech.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏๆŽฅ็ถšใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใฎไธ€้ƒจใงใ™ใ€‚
02:36
The good news is the way that sounds change in
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่‰ฏใ„ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใฏใ€
02:39
spoken English is not completely random.
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่ฉฑใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ้Ÿณใฎๅค‰ๅŒ–ใŒๅฎŒๅ…จใซใƒฉใƒณใƒ€ใƒ ใงใฏใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใŒ็™บ็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹
02:42
There are a few common rules and regular situations
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ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใƒซใƒผใƒซใจ้€šๅธธใฎ็ŠถๆณใŒใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‹
02:46
where linking occurs
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02:48
so it's possible to study it, to learn it.
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ใฎใงใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’็ ”็ฉถใ—ใ€ๅญฆใถใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:52
Have you already checked out this lesson yet?
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏใ‚‚ใ†ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
02:54
Last week I talked about consonant to vowel linking
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ๅ…ˆ้€ฑใ€็งใฏ่ฉฑใ—่จ€่‘‰ใงๅญ้Ÿณใ‹ใ‚‰ๆฏ้Ÿณใธใฎ
02:58
in spoken English:
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ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—
02:59
how words that end in a consonant sound
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ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ๅญ้Ÿณใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใŒ
03:02
link to the following word if it starts with a vowel sound.
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ใ€ๆฏ้Ÿณใงๅง‹ใพใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ๆฌกใฎๅ˜่ชžใซใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:07
The trick to remember with linking is that we are
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ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใง่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใในใ็ง˜่จฃใฏใ€
03:11
talking about sounds, not letters.
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ๆ–‡ๅญ—ใงใฏใชใ้Ÿณใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
03:14
So don't let your eyes trick you,
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็›ฎใ‚’้จ™ใ•ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€
03:16
we're talking about sounds linking together.
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็งใŸใกใฏไธ€็ท’ใซใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹้Ÿณใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
03:20
Speaking naturally in English is really only
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่‹ฑ่ชžใง่‡ช็„ถใซ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใฏใ€
03:23
a skill that you can develop through practise yourself
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03:26
by listening to native English speakers regularly,
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่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๆฏๅ›ฝ่ชžใจใ™ใ‚‹ไบบใฎ่ฉฑใ‚’ๅฎšๆœŸ็š„ใซ่žใใ€
03:29
imitating them and by trying it yourself.
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ๆจกๅ€ฃใ—ใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใง่ฉฆใ™ใ“ใจใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใง็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใง่บซใซไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใซใ™ใŽใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:33
And that's exactly what we're going to do today!
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใพใ•ใซ็งใŸใกใŒไปŠๆ—ฅใ‚„ใ‚ใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™๏ผ ๅฎถใง
03:35
So get ready to practise out loud with me
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ๅคงๅฃฐใง็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใญ
03:39
at home, okay?
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03:40
Like I said, last week we focused on
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็งใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๅ…ˆ้€ฑใ€็งใŸใกใฏ
03:42
consonant to vowel linking.
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ๅญ้Ÿณใจๆฏ้Ÿณใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:52
That's consonant to vowel linking.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆฏ้Ÿณใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใจๅญ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚
03:55
Today, we are going to concentrate on
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ€
03:58
consonant to consonant linking.
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ๅญ้Ÿณใ‹ใ‚‰ๅญ้Ÿณใธใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใซ้›†ไธญใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:05
So here we have
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ“
04:06
a word that ends in the consonant sound /l/
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ใซๅญ้Ÿณ/ l /ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
04:10
And the word following also starts
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ๆฌกใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚‚
04:13
in the same consonant sound.
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ๅŒใ˜ๅญ้Ÿณใงๅง‹ใพใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:15
So it makes sense to pull together these sounds, right?
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’ใพใจใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ็†ใซใ‹ใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
04:19
So that they become one.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒไธ€ใคใซใชใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€‚
04:21
It's much easier.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซ็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:26
There's no pause there at all. No break in the sound,
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ใใ“ใซใฏใพใฃใŸใไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ้ŸณใŒ้€”ๅˆ‡ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ
04:30
it's just one continuous sound.
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ใชใใ€1ใคใฎ้€ฃ็ถšใ—ใŸ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚
04:39
And as much as possible, we want your spoken English
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅฏ่ƒฝใช้™ใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ฉฑใ™่‹ฑ่ชž
04:43
to flow like this, for more sounds to be connected
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ใŒใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆตใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆ–‡ใซๅŽ„ไป‹ใชไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคšใใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’ๆŽฅ็ถšใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ
04:47
rather than adding awkward
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04:52
pauses through your sentence.
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ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:24
Now this all seems pretty straightforward, right?
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ™ในใฆใ‹ใชใ‚Š็ฐกๅ˜ใซๆ€ใˆใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
05:27
Consonant followed by the same consonant.
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ๅญ้ŸณใฎๅพŒใซๅŒใ˜ๅญ้ŸณใŒ็ถšใใพใ™ใ€‚
05:31
You can push them together and make the sound
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ไธ€็ท’ใซๆŠผใ—ใฆใ€
05:34
flow quickly without pausing between those two sounds
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2ใคใฎ้Ÿณใฎ้–“ใงไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใชใใ€้Ÿณใ‚’ใ™ใฐใ‚„ใๆตใ™
05:38
Now there are some consonants that can link
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ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๅญ้Ÿณใซใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใงใใ‚‹ๅญ้ŸณใŒใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:41
to different consonants which is a little unusual
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฐ‘ใ—็ใ—ใ„
05:45
but when that happens, the sound changes.
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ใ“ใจใงใ™ใŒใ€ใใ†ใชใ‚‹ใจ้ŸณใŒๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:48
It creates a different consonant sound.
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ๅˆฅใฎๅญ้Ÿณใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:51
So let's look at an example.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
05:59
Now let's speed that up a bit to regular pace.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€้€šๅธธใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚นใซๅฐ‘ใ—ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:08
So can you hear that /สค/ sound in there?
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ใใ“ใซ/สค/ใฎ้ŸณใŒ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
06:16
Now if we just say 'would' by itself there's no sound.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ€Œใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€ใจใ ใ‘่จ€ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€้Ÿณใฏๅ‡บใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:21
There's also no /สค/ in 'you' either, right?
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใ€ใซใ‚‚/สค/ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
06:25
So the D at the end of the word 'would'
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ˜่ชžใ€Œwouldใ€ใฎๆœซๅฐพใฎDใฏใ€
06:30
can link to the /j/
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06:31
at the start of 'you'.
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ใ€Œyouใ€ใฎๅ…ˆ้ ญใฎ/ j /ใซใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
06:33
But when we do this, it creates a new sound.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใจใ€ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใŒไฝœๆˆใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
06:37
The /สค/ sound.
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/สค/ใฎ้Ÿณใ€‚
06:39
So actually,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ
06:40
in any situation where one word ends in a dip
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ใฏใ€1ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒƒใƒ—ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
06:44
and it's followed by a word that starts with a /j/
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ใใฎๅพŒใซ/ j /ใงๅง‹ใพใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใŒ็ถšใ็Šถๆณใงใฏใ€
06:48
often it can combine to create the /สค/ sound.
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ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใฆ/สค/ใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
06:52
'would' and 'you'
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'would'ใจ 'you'
07:16
So as the auxiliary verb 'do' reduces down to just
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ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉž 'do'ใฏ
07:20
the /d/ sound here, we can also link it
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ใ“ใ“ใง/ d /้Ÿณใ ใ‘ใซๆธ›ๅฐ‘ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใง
07:24
just like the other examples to say:
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ใ€ไป–ใฎไพ‹ใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ
07:31
And check out how that 'to'
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ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
07:33
reduces down to the schwa sound.
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ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏ้Ÿณใ€‚
07:36
Instead of 'to' it's /t/
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'to'ใฎไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซ/ t
07:39
The schwa is another important feature of fast
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/ schwaใฏใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฎ้ซ˜้€ŸๆŽฅ็ถšใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใฎใ‚‚ใ†1ใคใฎ้‡่ฆใชๆฉŸ่ƒฝใงใ™
07:43
connected speech in English, in spoken English.
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ใ€‚
07:46
So if you need to check out what the schwa is,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏ
07:49
maybe have a reminder,
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ใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใใƒชใƒžใ‚คใƒณใƒ€ใƒผใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:51
this whole lesson here focuses on the schwa sound.
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณๅ…จไฝ“ใงใฏใ€ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใฎ้Ÿณใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:54
It's a good one to watch next.
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ๆฌกใซ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ่‰ฏใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
07:56
Now there is another exception that we
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ใ“ใ“ใง่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใ†1ใคใฎ
08:00
need to talk about here.
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ไพ‹ๅค–ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:01
Those times when a word ends in a /t/ sound
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ๅ˜่ชžใŒ/ t /้Ÿณใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
08:05
and it's also followed by the /j/ sound.
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ใใฎๅพŒใซ/ j /้ŸณใŒ็ถšใๅ ดๅˆใ€‚
08:10
So there is a change in these sounds
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใ‚’ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใซๅค‰ๅŒ–ใŒ็”Ÿใ˜
08:12
when we link them together.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:14
The sounds /t/ and /j/
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/ t /ใจ/ j /ใฎ้ŸณใŒ
08:17
together can create /สง/
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ไธ€็ท’ใซใชใฃใฆ/สง/ใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใงใ
08:48
See? There are so many really common
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ“ใซใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช
08:52
word combinations there,
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ๅ˜่ชžใฎ็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Š
08:53
ones that you can definitely start practising right now,
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ใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใงใ‚‚็ฐกๅ˜ใชไผš่ฉฑใงใ‚‚้–“้•ใ„ใชใไปŠใ™ใ็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
08:58
today even in simple conversations.
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ใ€‚
09:01
And there you have it, they are the simple principles of
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ
09:04
consonant to consonant linking in spoken English.
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่ฉฑใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฎๅญ้Ÿณใ‹ใ‚‰ๅญ้Ÿณใธใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใฎๅ˜็ด”ใชๅŽŸๅ‰‡ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:08
But now I think we should practise a little.
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ใงใ‚‚ไปŠใฏๅฐ‘ใ—็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใŸใปใ†ใŒใ„ใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:12
Do you want to practise a little with me now?
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ไปŠใ€็งใจๅฐ‘ใ—็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
09:14
We're going to combine what you learned in this lesson
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงๅญฆใ‚“ใ ใ“ใจใจใ€
09:18
with consonant to vowel linking from last week's lesson.
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ๅ…ˆ้€ฑใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงๅพ—ใŸๅญ้Ÿณใจๆฏ้Ÿณใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:23
Okay so this is going to be a little bit of revision too
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‚ใใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฐ‘ใ—ไฟฎๆญฃใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
09:26
from that lesson.
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ใ€‚
09:28
I'm going to add a sentence up on screen right here
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ใ“ใ“ใง็”ป้ขใซๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ 
09:32
and all you need to do is
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ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ๅฟ…่ฆใชใฎใฏ
09:34
write the sentence with the links included
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ใ€ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’ๅซใ‚ใฆๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ
09:38
so that you can practise saying it quickly
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ใ“ใจใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ใใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ™ใฐใ‚„ใ่จ€ใ†็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’ใ—
09:40
and link the sounds together wherever you can.
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ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๅฏ่ƒฝใช้™ใ‚Š้Ÿณใ‚’ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ—ใŸใ‚Šใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
09:43
Okay? Do that visually on the screen.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ็”ป้ขไธŠใง่ฆ–่ฆš็š„ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:45
We're going to do the first one together but
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ1ใคใฏไธ€็ท’ใซ่กŒใ„
09:48
for the rest of them, I want you to write
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ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๆฎ‹ใ‚Šใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใซใคใ„ใฆ
09:50
your answers in the comments
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ใฏใ€ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๅ›ž็ญ”
09:52
and I'll come back and check if you've got them all right
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ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ่พผใ‚“ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ๅพŒใงๆˆปใฃใฆใ€ๅ•้กŒใŒใชใ„ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ช
09:55
later on, all right? Ready?
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ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆบ–ๅ‚™๏ผŸ
10:04
So here in this sentence the /s/ at the end of 'hates'
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใงใฏใ€ใ€Œๆ†Žใ—ใฟใ€ใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใซ
10:09
pulls together with the /s/ from sandwiches.
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ใ‚ใ‚‹/ s /ใŒใ‚ตใƒณใƒ‰ใ‚คใƒƒใƒใ‹ใ‚‰/ s /ใจไธ€็ท’ใซๅผ•ใฃๅผตใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
10:14
And the /th/ sound can link to the following
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ใพใŸใ€/ th /ใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใฏๆฌกใฎ
10:18
vowel sound.
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ๆฏ้Ÿณใซใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
10:22
All right, now it's your turn.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ไปŠๅบฆใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็•ชใงใ™ใ€‚
10:24
Listen to me say each sentence, listen carefully
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็งใŒๅ„ๆ–‡ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใฎใ‚’่žใ„
10:28
for the linking sounds.
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ใฆใ€ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏ้Ÿณใ‚’ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
10:30
And it's your turn so write them into the comments.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็•ชใงใ™ใฎใงใ€ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
10:33
Write the words into the comments
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ€ไธ€็ท’ใซ่จ€ใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€
10:35
and make sure that you're practising each one
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ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใ‚’ๅคงๅฃฐใง็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—
10:38
out loud as we say it together, all right?
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ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
10:53
Where can we link here?
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฉใ“ใซใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
10:57
You're right!
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„๏ผ
11:01
We can link there.
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ใใ“ใซใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
11:02
We can link
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ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใงใใพใ™
11:28
Where can we link?
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ใฉใ“ใซใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
11:31
Definitely.
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้–“้•ใ„ใชใใ€‚ ใกใชใฟใซใ€
11:47
So there's a cheeky little vowel to vowel
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ใใ“ใซใ‚‚็”Ÿๆ„ๆฐ—ใชๅฐใ•ใชๆฏ้Ÿณใจๆฏ้Ÿณใฎ
11:49
link in there too, by the way.
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ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
11:52
If you know about those.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใซใคใ„ใฆ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
11:58
But that's next week's lesson.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆฅ้€ฑใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚
12:00
Make sure that you subscribe to the mmmEnglish
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mmmEnglishใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใซ็™ป้Œฒใ—
12:03
channel and you click the bell
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ใ€ใƒ™ใƒซใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆ
12:05
so that I can tell you when that lesson is ready for you.
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ใ€ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ใŠ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ›ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:07
We will focus on vowel to vowel linking
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ๆฌกๅ›žใฏๆฏ้ŸณๅŒๅฃซใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆ
12:10
next time.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:11
All right, last one.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ1ใคใ€‚
12:22
Where can we link?
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ใฉใ“ใซใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
12:25
Where can we connect two consonants
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ใฉใ“ใง2ใคใฎๅญ้Ÿณใ‚’ๆŽฅ็ถšใงใ
12:27
or even connect a consonant to a vowel?
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ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏๅญ้Ÿณใ‚’ๆฏ้ŸณใซๆŽฅ็ถšใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
12:32
Yes, we can definitely reduce 'do you' to
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ใฏใ„ใ€็งใŸใกใฏ้–“้•ใ„ใชใใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€ใ‚’ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใ
12:40
To be honest, that T as well, will almost disappear.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ๆญฃ็›ดใชใจใ“ใ‚ใ€ใใฎTใ‚‚ใปใจใ‚“ใฉๆถˆใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
12:47
So we can definitely hear that stop T.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใฎใ‚นใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—Tใ‚’็ขบๅฎŸใซ่žใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
12:50
My tongue is in the position of a T.
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็งใฎ่ˆŒใฏTใฎไฝ็ฝฎใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
12:54
But we don't release the air after it.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใฎๅพŒใฏ็ฉบๆฐ—ใ‚’ๆ”พๅ‡บใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
12:57
That also makes it quicker, makes it faster to say words
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ใใ‚ŒใฏใพใŸใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้€Ÿใใ—ใ€
13:02
when we don't release the air after them.
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็ง้”ใŒใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅพŒใซ็ฉบๆฐ—ใ‚’ๆ”พๅ‡บใ—ใชใ„ใจใ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้€Ÿใใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:08
We can link 'one' and 'of' together.
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'one'ใจ 'of'ใ‚’ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
13:11
The consonant sound to the vowel.
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ๆฏ้Ÿณใธใฎๅญ้Ÿณใ€‚
13:15
And native speakers may not even pronounce that
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ใพใŸใ€ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใฏใใฎ/ v /ใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใ‚’็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
13:18
/v/ sound.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:20
You could reduce all the way down to a schwa.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใพใงใšใฃใจๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
13:27
Or
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ใพใŸใฏ
13:37
Nice job!
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ใ„ใ„ไป•ไบ‹๏ผ
13:39
Lessons like this one always require practise
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏๅธธใซ็ทด็ฟ’ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใช
13:43
so please make sure you come back
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ใฎใง
13:45
and review it regularly to remind yourself
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ใ€ๅฎšๆœŸ็š„ใซๆˆปใฃใฆ็ขบ่ชใ—
13:47
about how linking occurs in spoken English.
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ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่กŒใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
13:50
And actually use it while you practise.
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ใใ—ใฆๅฎŸ้š›ใซ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใชใŒใ‚‰ไฝฟใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
13:55
And if you want to practise right now,
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ไปŠใ™ใ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
13:56
then go and check out
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13:58
that imitation lesson right there because it will help you
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ใใฎๆจกๅ€ฃใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ใ™ใใซใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—
14:01
to work on your pronunciation
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ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚็™บ้Ÿณใซๅ–ใ‚Š็ต„ใฟใ€
14:03
and practise connected speech.
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ๆŽฅ็ถšใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚
14:06
Or try something completely different.
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ใพใฃใŸใๅˆฅใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่ฉฆใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
14:09
I'll see you in there!
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ใใกใ‚‰ใงใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†๏ผ
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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