English Conditional Sentences (with examples!)

1,805,467 views ใƒป 2020-02-07

mmmEnglish


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hey there I'm Emma from mmmEnglish!
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€mmmEnglishใฎEmmaใงใ™ใ€‚
00:03
I've got a grammar lesson for you today and I'm
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€
00:06
really excited to be sharing it with you because
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸ
00:09
it's one that you've been asking for for quite a while.
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ใŒ้•ทใ„้–“ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใชใฎใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใจๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใจใฆใ‚‚ใ†ใ‚Œใ—ใๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:13
We're talking about conditional sentences in English.
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็งใŸใกใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
00:16
I'm going to go over the basic structure
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00:18
and the meaning of all conditional sentences in English.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใ™ในใฆใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใฎๅŸบๆœฌๆง‹้€ ใจๆ„ๅ‘ณใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:23
If you've studied these sentences before, then this video
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ไปฅๅ‰ใซๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ช
00:26
is going to be awesome revision for you
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ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซใจใฃใฆ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๆ”น่จ‚ใซใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
00:28
but if you're not so familiar with conditional sentences,
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ใŒใ€ๆกไปถๆ–‡ใซใ‚ใพใ‚Š็ฒพ้€šใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ
00:32
then it's gonna be an excellent introduction.
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ใ€ๅ„ชใ‚ŒใŸๅ…ฅ้–€ๆ›ธใซใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:36
So let's get started!
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†๏ผ
00:48
Sometimes it feels like English grammar can be pretty
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่‹ฑๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฏใ€
00:52
loose like
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00:54
yeah there's some rules but sometimes they don't apply.
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ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎใƒซใƒผใƒซใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ‹ใชใ‚Š็ทฉใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€้ฉ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:57
Sometimes there's exceptions.
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ๆ™‚ใ€…ไพ‹ๅค–ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:00
I get it!
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผ
01:01
I've got to teach it! But there are some grammatical
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็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“๏ผ ใ—ใ‹ใ—
01:05
structures in English that follow really clear rules
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ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใซใฏ้žๅธธใซๆ˜Ž็ขบใช่ฆๅ‰‡ใซๅพ“ใ†ๆ–‡ๆณ•ๆง‹้€ ใŒใ„ใใคใ‹
01:09
and the structure of conditional sentences
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๆกไปถๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ 
01:12
is nice and clear
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ใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใๆ˜Ž็ขบ
01:13
which makes it easier for you to feel confident about
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ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚
01:16
the way that you express your thoughts and your ideas
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ใ€่ฉฑใ™ใจใใซ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่€ƒใˆใ‚„่€ƒใˆใ‚’่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใซ่‡ชไฟกใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹
01:19
when you speak.
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ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:20
We use conditional sentences to explain what actually
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ๆกไปถๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆ
01:23
happens, what could happen
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ใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’
01:26
so a possible and likely outcome in the future.
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่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:31
We talk about what we wish would happen
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็งใŸใกใฏใ€็งใŸใกใŒไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœ›ใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—
01:34
so imagining a different outcome for
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ใ€
01:38
our present situation. And what might have happened
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็งใŸใกใฎ็พๅœจใฎ็Šถๆณใซๅฏพใ—ใฆ็•ฐใชใ‚‹็ตๆžœใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใฎใ‹ใ€้ŽๅŽปใซ่ตทใ“ใฃ
01:42
so thinking about a different outcome
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ใŸๅˆฅใฎ็ตๆžœใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใฆ
01:45
that happened in the past.
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ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
01:48
Now there are four types of conditional sentences.
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็พๅœจใ€4็จฎ้กžใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:51
They're all really similar
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ
01:54
but they're not the same.
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ไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅŒใ˜ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:55
If I get sick, I go to the doctor.
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็—…ๆฐ—ใซใชใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใฏๅŒป่€…ใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:00
If I get sick, I will go to the doctor.
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็—…ๆฐ—ใซใชใฃใŸใ‚‰ๅŒป่€…ใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:04
If I got sick, I would go to the doctor.
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็—…ๆฐ—ใซใชใฃใŸใ‚‰ๅŒป่€…ใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:09
If I had been sick, I would have gone to the doctor.
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ใ‚‚ใ—็งใŒ็—…ๆฐ—ใ ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏๅŒป่€…ใซ่กŒใฃใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:14
So let's talk about what is the same or what's similar
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใฎๆ–‡ใซใคใ„ใฆไฝ•ใŒๅŒใ˜ใ‹ใ€ไฝ•ใŒไผผใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
02:17
about all of these sentences. They all use two clauses.
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆ2ใคใฎๅฅใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:22
There are two parts to each sentence
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ๅ„ๆ–‡ใซใฏใ‚ณใƒณใƒžใงๅŒบๅˆ‡ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸ2ใคใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
02:25
separated by a comma
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02:27
and they all use the conjunction 'if'.
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ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใ€Œifใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ
02:31
Just a little reminder that we use conjunctions
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ๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆ
02:34
in English to join two ideas together in one sentence.
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ใ€2ใคใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’1ใคใฎๆ–‡ใซ็ตๅˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
02:39
I ate an apple and two desserts.
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ใƒชใƒณใ‚ดใจใƒ‡ใ‚ถใƒผใƒˆใ‚’2ใค้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
02:42
I like it but I don't want it.
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็งใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใŒใ€็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆœ›ใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:45
I'll do it if you drive me to the cinema later.
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ๅพŒใงๆ˜ ็”ป้คจใซ้€ฃใ‚Œใฆ่กŒใฃใฆใใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‰ใ‚„ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:49
So all of these words are really, really tiny
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏใ™ในใฆใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅฐใ•ใช
02:52
grammatical words but they have an important function.
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ๆ–‡ๆณ•็š„ใชๅ˜่ชžใงใ™ใŒใ€้‡่ฆใชๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:56
They're connecting two ideas together
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ2ใคใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’็ตใณไป˜ใ‘ใฆ
02:59
and conditional sentences
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ใŠใ‚Šใ€ๆกไปถๆ–‡ใฏ
03:01
all use 'if' to join two ideas together.
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ใ™ในใฆใ€Œifใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆ2ใคใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’็ตๅˆใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:05
In all conditional sentences we have an 'if' clause
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ใ™ในใฆใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใซใฏใ€ใ€Œifใ€ๅฅ
03:10
and a result clause.
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ใจresultๅฅใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:12
So the 'if' clause is the event or the situation
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œifใ€ๅฅใฏ
03:17
that must happen in order for the other thing to happen.
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ใ€ไป–ใฎใ“ใจใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ็™บ็”Ÿใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‚คใƒ™ใƒณใƒˆใพใŸใฏ็Šถๆณใงใ™ใ€‚
03:21
So the result can only happen if the 'if' clause occurs
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็ตๆžœใฏใ€Œifใ€ๅฅใŒ็™บ็”Ÿใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆใซใฎใฟ็™บ็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒ
03:28
and that is why it's called a conditional sentence.
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๆกไปถๆ–‡ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹็†็”ฑใงใ™ใ€‚
03:32
A condition is something that you have to do
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ๆกไปถใจใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ€
03:35
or a situation that needs to exist
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ใพใŸใฏ
03:39
in order for something else to happen.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ไป–ใฎใ“ใจใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๅญ˜ๅœจใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹็Šถๆณใงใ™ใ€‚
03:42
You can't get this without squeezing this.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็ตžใ‚‰ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:46
There is a really important relationship
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03:48
between these two things.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰2ใคใฎใ“ใจใฎ้–“ใซใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้‡่ฆใช้–ขไฟ‚ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:50
One relies on the other.
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ไธ€ๆ–นใฏไป–ๆ–นใซไพๅญ˜ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:53
Now these sentences, they're all quite similar
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡ใฏใ™ในใฆ้žๅธธใซไผผ
03:57
but there are some really clear differences as well.
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ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๆ˜Ž็ขบใช้•ใ„ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:01
I mean, check out the verbs.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:05
This is where the main difference between
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ€
04:08
these conditional sentences are.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใฎไธปใช้•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:10
It's all in the verbs, you can see it, right?
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ™ในใฆๅ‹•่ฉžใฎไธญใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
04:13
And the meaning is different too.
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ใใ—ใฆๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚‚้•ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:15
We use each type of sentence in a different situation.
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ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใฎใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’็•ฐใชใ‚‹็Šถๆณใงไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:19
If you haven't already noticed, we have the zero
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ใพใ ๆฐ—ใฅใ„ใฆใ„ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ‚ผใƒญ
04:22
conditional, the first conditional,
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ๆกไปถใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆกไปถ
04:25
the second conditional, the third conditional.
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ใ€2็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถใ€3็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:29
And I'm going to go through each type of
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ไปŠๅบฆใฏๅ„ใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใฎ
04:32
conditional sentence now one by one.
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ๆกไปถๆ–‡ใ‚’1ใคใšใค่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
04:35
So let's get started with the zero conditional
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ‚ผใƒญๆกไปถไป˜ใใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ใ™ในใฆ
04:38
and I recommend that you take some notes
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ๅฎŸ่กŒใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ€ใƒกใƒขใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—ใพใ™
04:40
as we go through all of these examples.
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ใ€‚
04:43
The zero conditional is called the factual conditional.
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ใ‚ผใƒญๆกไปถใฏใ€ใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚ฏใƒˆๆกไปถใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
04:47
If I get sick, I go to the doctor.
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็—…ๆฐ—ใซใชใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใฏๅŒป่€…ใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚
04:51
And it's one of the easiest to remember because both
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ไธกๆ–นใฎๅฅใŒ็พๅœจๅฝขใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€่ฆšใˆใ‚‹ใฎใŒๆœ€ใ‚‚็ฐกๅ˜ใชใ‚‚ใฎใฎ1ใคใงใ™
04:54
clauses are in the present simple tense.
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ใ€‚ ใƒกใ‚คใƒณใฎ็ตๆžœๅฅ
04:57
We have the 'if' clause with the present simple and then
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ใซใ‚‚ใ€็พๅœจๅฝขใจ็พๅœจๅฝขใฎ 'if'ๅฅใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
05:01
the present simple in the main result clause as well.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:05
So if this happens, then this is what happens.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็™บ็”Ÿใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็™บ็”Ÿใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:11
We use the zero conditional to talk about habits,
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็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใ€ไบ‹ๅฎŸใ€็œŸๅฎŸใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซใ‚ผใƒญๆกไปถใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™
05:15
facts and truths.
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ใ€‚
05:18
You can't argue about these things, right?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ญฐ่ซ–ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
05:20
With these things, we're not talking about possibility.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ“ใจใงใ€็งใŸใกใฏๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:24
It's fact.
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ใใ‚Œใฏไบ‹ๅฎŸใงใ™ใ€‚
05:26
If you put ice in your drink, it melts.
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้ฃฒใฟ็‰ฉใซๆฐทใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจๆบถใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:29
See? It's really simple.
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่ฆ‹ใ‚‹๏ผŸ ใจใฆใ‚‚็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:32
So I want you to practise by finishing this sentence
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ๅฎŒๆˆใ•ใ›ใฆ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใงใ™
05:35
for me. I want you to write your sentence
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ใ€‚
05:37
in the comments so that I can check it.
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆๆฌ„ใซๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆ็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ€‚
05:40
If I eat...
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็งใŒ้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰...
05:43
Remember, present simple, present simple.
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่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๆ็คบใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
05:47
Then we have the first conditional
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ๆฌกใซ
05:50
which we used to talk about possible and likely
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ใ€ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใใ—ใฆๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฐ†ๆฅใฎ็ตๆžœใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆกไปถใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
05:54
future outcomes.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:56
If I get sick, I will go to the doctor.
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็—…ๆฐ—ใซใชใฃใŸใ‚‰ๅŒป่€…ใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚
06:00
So it's possible that in the future I'll get sick
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅฐ†ๆฅ็—…ๆฐ—
06:04
and if that occurs, I will probably go to the doctor.
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ใซใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€็งใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใๅŒป่€…ใซ่กŒใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:08
So we use 'if' with the present simple
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็พๅœจๅฝขใงใฏใ€Œifใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จ
06:11
and 'will' with our verb infinitive.
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ใ—ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžไธๅฎš่ฉžใงใฏใ€Œwillใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:16
If it's hot tomorrow, I'll go for a swim at the beach.
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ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅๆš‘ใ„ใชใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒผใƒใงๆณณใŽใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚
06:20
Now am I sure that it will be hot tomorrow?
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ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใฏๆš‘ใใชใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
06:25
No but it is summertime here in Australia.
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ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใ‚ชใƒผใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒชใ‚ขใฏๅคใงใ™ใ€‚
06:28
And if it is hot,
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๆš‘ใ„
06:31
it's highly likely that I will go for a swim.
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ๅ ดๅˆใฏๆณณใŽใซ่กŒใๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒ้ซ˜ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:34
If you join the Lingoda Language Sprint,
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Lingoda Language Sprintใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€
06:37
you'll get lots of English speaking practice.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ™็ทด็ฟ’ใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
06:41
So now it's your turn to finish a sentence.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅฎŒๆˆใ•ใ›ใ‚‹็•ชใงใ™ใ€‚
06:46
If we leave now...
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็งใŸใกใŒไปŠๅŽปใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰...
06:50
Complete that sentence in the comments below
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ไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงใใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅฎŒๆˆใ•ใ›ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใใ—ใฆ
06:53
and feel free to also pause the video at any time
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ใ„ใคใงใ‚‚ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญข
06:56
and write your own conditional sentences down there
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ใ—ใฆใ€็งใŒใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใใ“ใซใ‚ใชใŸ่‡ช่บซใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„
06:59
for me to check.
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ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
07:01
Now we have the second conditional and we use it
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ใ“ใ‚Œใง2็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
07:04
when we want to imagine
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07:06
that the present situation is different.
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ใ€็พๅœจใฎ็ŠถๆณใŒ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใŸใ„ใจใใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:09
So if I got sick, I would go to the doctor.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใŒ็—…ๆฐ—ใซใชใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€็งใฏๅŒป่€…ใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚
07:14
This is a hypothetical situation, right?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆžถ็ฉบใฎ็Šถๆณใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
07:16
It's not real. Do I look sick? I'm not sick.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใงใฏใชใ„ใ€‚ ็งใฏ็—…ๆฐ—ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ็งใฏ็—…ๆฐ—ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:21
I'm imagining that the present situation
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07:24
is different for some reason.
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ใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใ‹็พ็ŠถใŒ้•ใ†ใฎใงใฏใชใ„ใ‹ใจๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:26
I'm imagining that I'm sick.
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็งใฏ็—…ๆฐ—ใ ใจๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:29
Now if that were true, I would go to the doctor.
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ใ‚‚ใ—ใใ‚ŒใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ใชใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏๅŒป่€…ใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚
07:34
Now am I really going to the doctor?
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ไปŠใ€็งใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅŒป่€…ใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
07:38
Because I'm not actually sick. It's an unreal situation.
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็งใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ็—…ๆฐ—ใงใฏใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ้ž็พๅฎŸ็š„ใช็Šถๆณใงใ™ใ€‚
07:42
But to express this in English, we use 'if'
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่‹ฑ่ชžใง่กจ็พ
07:46
with the past simple
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ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใงใ€Œifใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใ€
07:48
and then 'would' and the verb infinitive
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ๆฌกใซใ€Œwouldใ€ใจๅ‹•่ฉž
07:51
in the result clause. So we use the modal verb 'would'
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ใ‚’็ตๆžœ็ฏ€ใงไธๅฎš่ฉžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œwouldใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆ
07:54
to show that we're imagining the result.
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ใ€็ตๆžœใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:57
Don't forget that in English, all verbs that follow
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่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏใ€ๆณ•ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใซ็ถšใใ™ในใฆใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใŒไธๅฎšๅฝขใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„
08:01
modal verbs are in the infinitive form.
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ใ€‚
08:05
If I had more money, I would buy a boat.
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ใ‚‚ใฃใจใŠ้‡‘ใŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใƒœใƒผใƒˆใ‚’่ฒทใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
08:09
Now it's really common and natural to use contractions
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ไปŠใงใฏใ€ๆกไปถๆ–‡ใง็ธฎ็ด„ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใง่‡ช็„ถ
08:12
in conditional sentences. I would definitely say
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŒ
08:16
when I'm speaking naturally:
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่‡ช็„ถใซ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใ€็งใฏ้–“้•ใ„ใชใ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
08:18
If I had more money, I'd buy a boat.
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๏ผš็งใŒใ‚‚ใฃใจใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚Œใฐใ€็งใฏใƒœใƒผใƒˆใ‚’่ฒทใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
08:22
I'd, he'd, you'd, they'd.
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็งใฏใ€ๅฝผใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚
08:25
This pronunciation is much more common
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ใ“ใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใฏ
08:28
in spoken English.
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ใ€่ฉฑใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:30
Okay so now it's your turn to finish this sentence.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ไปŠๅบฆใฏใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’็ต‚ใˆใ‚‹็•ชใงใ™ใ€‚
08:34
If I finished work earlier...
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ไปฅๅ‰ใซไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’็ต‚ใˆใŸใ‚‰...
08:39
Finish that sentence in the comments.
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงใใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’็ต‚ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
08:42
There are lots of different uses
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08:44
for the second conditional.
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2็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถใซใฏใ•ใพใ–ใพใช็”จ้€”ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:45
We use it to give advice, to give reasons why we can't
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็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใงใใชใ„็†็”ฑใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใŸใ‚Š
08:48
do something and generally just imagine that
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ใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซ
08:52
life is different.
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ไบบ็”ŸใŒ้•ใ†ใจๆƒณๅƒใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:53
So I'm definitely gonna have to go through all of those
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏ้–“้•ใ„ใชใใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ
08:57
different uses in detail in another video very soon.
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ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชไฝฟ็”จๆณ•ใฎใ™ในใฆใ‚’ๅˆฅใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใง่ฉณ็ดฐใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:01
And the third conditional is the past unreal conditional.
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ใใ—ใฆ3็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถใฏ้ŽๅŽปใฎ้ž็พๅฎŸ็š„ใชๆกไปถใงใ™ใ€‚
09:06
If I had been sick, I would have gone to the doctor.
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ใ‚‚ใ—็งใŒ็—…ๆฐ—ใ ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏๅŒป่€…ใซ่กŒใฃใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
09:11
We use this structure to imagine a different past,
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ใ“ใฎๆง‹้€ ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จ
09:15
different to the one that actually happened, right?
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ใ—ใฆใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ‚‚ใฎใจใฏ็•ฐใชใ‚‹้ŽๅŽปใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:18
We use 'if' with the past perfect
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้ŽๅŽปๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใงใฏใ€Œifใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จ
09:21
and 'would have' with the past participle.
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ใ—ใ€้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใงใฏใ€Œwouldhaveใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:26
Just to be clear, the 'if' clause did not actually happen
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ๆ˜Ž็ขบใซใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใ€Œifใ€ๅฅใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ็™บ็”Ÿใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใŒ
09:31
but I'm imagining the result if the past was different.
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ใ€้ŽๅŽปใŒ็•ฐใชใฃใฆใ„ใŸๅ ดๅˆใฎ็ตๆžœใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:36
So in this situation, was I really sick?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ“ใฎ็Šถๆณใงใ€็งใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็—…ๆฐ—ใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
09:41
I'm not talking about what actually happened,
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็งใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใฎใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใ
09:44
I'm talking about what could have happened in the past
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ใ€้ŽๅŽปใซไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใฎใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€
09:48
but didn't
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09:50
and what I would have done
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09:53
if that had happened.
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ใใ†ใงใฏใชใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
09:57
Can you think of a time when this grammar structure
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•ๆง‹้€ ใŒๅฎŸ้š›ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคๆ™‚ๆœŸใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใงใใพใ™
09:59
would actually be useful?
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ใ‹๏ผŸ
10:03
When you regret something in the past, something that
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้ŽๅŽปใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅพŒๆ‚”ใ—ใŸใจใใ€
10:06
happened in the past and you wished that
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้ŽๅŽปใซ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ€ใใ—ใฆ
10:08
that result was different.
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ใใฎ็ตๆžœใŒ้•ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœ›ใ‚“ใงใ„ใŸใจใใ€‚
10:11
If we had looked at the weather report,
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ๅคฉๆฐ—ไบˆๅ ฑใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅฎถใซใ„ใŸ
10:14
we would have stayed home!
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ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†๏ผ
10:18
If I had known you were visiting,
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ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่จชๅ•ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€
10:20
I would have made time to see you.
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซไผšใ†ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ไฝœใฃใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
10:25
Okay it's your turn now.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ไปŠๅบฆใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็•ชใงใ™ใ€‚
10:27
If I had...
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ใ‚‚ใ—็งใŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰...
10:30
Remember the structure. Let's do it.
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ๆง‹้€ ใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚„ใฃใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
10:33
Pause the video if you need to so that you can write
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ๅฟ…่ฆใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ—ใฆใ€
10:35
your sentence in the comments below.
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ไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ‘ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
10:37
So that was an overview
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ
10:39
of conditional sentences in English.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใฎๆฆ‚่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
10:42
Now with all of this in mind, it is possible to use
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใ‚’ๅฟต้ ญใซ็ฝฎใ„ใฆใ€ๆททๅˆๆกไปถๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ
10:46
mixed conditional sentences too
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10:48
but I think that's a lesson for another day.
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ๅˆฅใฎๆ—ฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:51
This lesson was a summary or an overview
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏ
10:54
of the different types of conditional sentences
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ใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช็จฎ้กžใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใฎ่ฆ็ด„ใพใŸใฏๆฆ‚่ฆใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
10:57
so if you want me to explain any of them in more detail,
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่ฉณ็ดฐใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—
11:01
to give you lots of different examples and to share
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ใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชไพ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใ€
11:03
some practice activities with you then let me know.
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ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ็ทด็ฟ’ๆดปๅ‹•ใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใŠ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ›ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
11:07
Whichever conditional sentence has the most requests
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ใƒชใ‚ฏใ‚จใ‚นใƒˆใŒๆœ€ใ‚‚ๅคšใ„ๆกไปถๆ–‡ใฏ
11:11
will be the one that I make first so make sure you
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ใ€็งใŒๆœ€ๅˆใซไฝœๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใซใชใ‚‹ใฎใง
11:14
put in your request down in the comments below.
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ใ€ไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซใƒชใ‚ฏใ‚จใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ็ต‚ไบ†ใ—
11:16
I'll make sure that I link to that lesson right here
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ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใซใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใพใ™
11:19
once it's finished but for now,
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ใŒใ€ไปŠใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใ€
11:21
check out either of these two lessons
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰2ใคใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใ€ๆฌกใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณ
11:24
and make sure you're subscribed so you know
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ใŒใ„ใคๆฅใ‚‹ใ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ‚ตใƒ–ใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใƒ–ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
11:26
when the next lesson's coming. I'll see you soon!
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ใ€‚ ใพใŸๅพŒใง๏ผ
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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