Amina J. Mohammed: A new perspective on the journey to net-zero | TED Countdown

譯者: Regina Chu 審譯者: Yi-Ping Cho (Marssi)

我還是小女孩的時候， 常常在查德湖畔散步。

那是非洲數一數二的大湖。

永遠都走不完，

As a girl, I walked along the shores of Lake Chad,

它鄰接四個國家：查德、尼日、

one of the largest lakes in Africa.

喀麥隆，及我的祖國奈及利亞。

It went on forever,

那時的我覺得它就是一片汪洋，

touching four countries: Chad, Niger,

三千萬人靠它的物產而活。

Cameroon and my own country, Nigeria.

不幸的是，現在，當你飛越查德湖，

It seemed like an ocean to me at the time,

你看不到什麼東西了。

with 30 million people relying on its bounty.

它只剩下原來的一小部分。

這片淡水湖已經乾涸了 90%，

Sadly, today, as you fly over Lake Chad,

you won't see much.

跟著它一起枯竭的， 還有數不清的生計、

It's a fraction of its original size.

農民、漁人，及我們的女性小攤商。

Ninety percent of this fresh water basin has dried up,

又是一個氣候變遷的受害者。

and with it, millions and millions of livelihoods,

現在，還多了一種極端天氣：

farmers, fisherfolk and our market women.

哈瑪坦。

Climate change takes yet another victim.

哈瑪坦原來只是短短三個月 塵土飛揚的季節風，

Now, add another extreme weather event

一位農夫告訴我，沙塵暴 一年比一年來得更早，規模更大。

the Harmattan.

What was once a short three-month season of dust and wind,

一場暴風就可以在一夕之間 掃光整年的作物。

one farmer told me the dust storms are coming earlier and bigger every year.

人類和生態成本？

A single storm can wipe out an entire year's crop overnight.

失去更多工作。

飢餓。

流離失所的家庭。

極度貧窮的完美風暴。

The human and ecological cost?

很不幸的，還有暴力。

More jobs lost.

Hunger.

今天在查德湖盆地

Families displaced.

A perfect storm for crushing poverty.

種糧食可能是項挑戰，

And even more, sadly, violence.

但它更是極端分子的溫床，

And so it may be a challenge to grow food today

嚴重破壞和平。

in the Lake Chad basin,

不幸的是，無論到世界各地，

but it has also become a fertile ground for extremists to take root,

你都會聽到因氣候破壞 而造成的悲慘故事。

wreaking havoc on peace.

Sadly, touch down anywhere in the world,

旱災。

水災、野火。

and you'll hear more tragic stories of climate devastation.

危及生命及生計，

朝向災難。

Droughts.

儘管如此，

Floods, wildfires.

我對我們人類這個大家庭 仍懷抱希望。

Lives and livelihoods in jeopardy,

tipping towards catastrophe.

你可能會問為什麼。

And yet, despite it all,

人類有不顧一切求生存的能力。

I still have hope in our human family.

And you might ask why.

我們創造了聯合國《 巴黎協定 》 這項非凡的承諾，

It's our capacity for human endeavor to survive against all odds.

並驅動為人類和地球的

One that created the extraordinary promise of the UN Paris Agreement

十七項永續發展目標。

我們知道《 巴黎協定 》的目標 是將全球升溫限制在 1.5 度，

and its power to drive the 17 Sustainable Development Goals

for people and for planet.

以確保我們人類 這個大家庭能生存下來。

We know that the promise of Paris aims to limit global heating to 1.5 degrees

要達到這項目標， 我們很清楚該怎麼做。

我們必須在 2050 年前 使全球經濟脫碳，

to ensure that we survive as a human family.

方法是在這個年代減半排放量。

To get there, we know exactly what we must do.

我們必須讓煤成為歷史，

We must decarbonise the global economy by 2050

讓富裕國家在 2030 年前 逐步淘汰煤炭，

by way of halving the emissions in this decade.

其他國家則在 2040 年前。

We must make coal history,

G20 生產全球 80% 的溫室效應氣體，

with coal phased out in rich countries by 2030

and in other countries by 2040.

因此他們──

這二十大工業國的領袖，

The G20 produces 80 percent of all greenhouse gas pollution,

也必須負起責任並率先而行。

and so they too must,

我們必須停止花費數兆美元 補貼化石燃料，

these 20 global leaders,

take responsibility and lead.

它堵塞人們的肺，

破壞森林及海洋。

We must stop spending trillions subsidizing fossil fuels,

我們必須提供

合理過渡到綠能及藍能所需的資源。

clogging the lungs of our people

and destroying forests and oceans.

我們知道這些都是

履行《 巴黎協定 》的基本要素。

And we must provide the resources that are needed

for a just green and blue transition.

現在，跟我一起重新想像

We know that these are all essential ingredients

這項邁向淨零之旅，

to fulfill the Paris Agreement.

從另一個鏡頭看是什麼樣子。

Now, try to re-imagine with me

讓我們專注於投資在人身上， 讓他們發揮潛力，

what this journey to net-zero emissions could look like

同時保護我們的家園：地球。

through another lens.

One that puts our focus on investing in people to reach their potentials

脫碳不但是氣候行動 一項強有力的手段，

while protecting our home, planet Earth.

也能實現十七項永續發展目標。

Decarbonization, a powerful vehicle for climate action

讓我舉個例子來看。

but also for delivering on the 17 Sustainable Development Goals.

非洲綠色長城

是十多年前誕生於非洲 撒哈拉沙漠邊緣的一個想法。

Let me give you an example of what this looks like.

它的目標是停止沙漠化，

The Great Green Wall,

並復育一億公頃已退化的土地，

an idea born in Africa over a decade ago at the edge of the Sahara.

從西非的塞內加爾 橫跨到非洲之角的吉布地。

It aims to stop desertification

and restore 100 million hectares of degraded lands

這項雄心勃勃的計畫 打算要種植一億棵樹，

from Senegal in the West to Djibouti in the Horn of Africa.

來改善集水及土地使用。

顯然，氣候效益會極大，

It's an ambitious plan to plant 100 million trees,

但是這不僅於減少沙漠塵土飛揚。

improve water harvesting and the use of land.

這還為五億多人創造綠色經濟走廊，

Clearly, the climate benefits will be enormous,

but it's about much more than keeping dust in the desert.

男人、女人、孩童都能受益。

It's about creating a green economic corridor

這會在當地創造價值鏈，

for more than half a billion people.

加強經濟並扶植一支 年輕、快速增長的勞動力隊伍。

Men, women, children.

One that builds local value chains,

隨著經濟機會的增長，

strengthens economies and fosters a young, fast-growing workforce.

對數以百萬計的人而言， 就能實現對未來的希望。

恐怖主義、極端主義的空間就縮小。

And as an economic opportunity grows,

hope for the future becomes a reality in millions of lives.

綠色長城給了我靈感，

因為這是人類潛力的旅程。

And the space for terrorism, extremism, recedes.

有潛力擴大原住民的深度知識，

The Great Green Wall inspires me because it is a journey

他們與自然和諧相處 而生存和繁榮。

of the human potential.

我們也有潛力能利用技術

Potential to amplify the deep knowledge of indigenous people

來連結並橋接再生能源落差，

who survive and thrive in harmony with nature.

尤其是提供給婦女及女孩。

Potential to harness technology,

我們也有潛力可以改變糧食系統，

to connect and to bridge the renewable energy divide,

使人及地球都更健康。

especially for women and for girls.

是什麼使我們裹足不前？

The potential to transform food systems

要怎麼做才能使潛力變成 能共享、活生生的現實？

in ways which make people and planet healthier.

So what's holding us back?

缺錢是最簡單的答案。

What will it take for this potential to become a shared, lived reality?

那我們就來說錢。

錢，更多錢。

（笑聲）

這是解方的重要成分。

It would be easy for me to say money.

我們需要履行《 巴黎協定 》的承諾，

So let me say it.

Money, more money.

提供一千億美元。

(Laughter)

It's a big part of the solution.

每年一千億美元。

We need to make good now on the handshake

富裕的國家，

that we had at Paris of 100 billion dollars.

讓我現在就在這裡說，

我們都在盯著你們還沒做到的事情。

And that was promised annually.

你們必須挺身而出， 你們必須立刻就去做。

Rich countries,

let me say here and now,

我們所需的另一個成分是團結。

we are looking at you for the unfinished business.

這成分有時候很短缺。

You must step up, and you must do it urgently.

但我們確實知道它存在。

畢竟，就是團結締造了《巴黎協定》。

The other ingredient we need is solidarity.

Sometimes that seems to be in fairly short supply.

就是團結讓我們有《蒙特婁議定書》。

But we do know it exists.

你看到我們成功地拯救了臭氧層， 我們的地球正在康復。

After all, it's solidarity that forged the Paris Agreement.

It's solidarity that got us the Montreal Protocol.

但是我們需要重新燃起這種精神， 而且我們現在就要做。

And there you see that the ozone layer is saved and our world is healing.

現在還不遲，

但是機會之窗正在關閉。

這讓我把問題再丟回你們身上。

But we need to rekindle that spirit and we need to do that now.

你們是我懷抱希望的原因。

It's not too late,

一次又一次，

but the window of opportunity is closing.

我們看到當人們怒吼，

Which brings me back to you.

那樣的齊聲吶喊變得太緊急、

You're the reason that I have hope.

太大聲，以致於領導人無法忽視。

Time and time again,

we've seen that when people raise their voices,

要求大膽氣候行動的 齊聲吶喊愈來愈多，

that chorus becomes too urgent

但它時斷時續。

and too loud for leaders to ignore.

氣候變遷不會暫停， 我們也不應該暫停。

That chorus for bold climate action is growing,

現在，很明顯，在座的每一個人，

but it's in fits and starts.

Climate change doesn't pause, and neither must we.

以及所有在網路上觀看的人，

老師、校長、股東、總裁、

Now, last I checked, every single person in this room

科學家、員工、媽媽、爸爸，

and all those watching online,

每一個在地球上的人 都是地球的公民。

teachers, presidents, shareholders, chief executives,

所以現在就是挺身而出的時刻。

scientists, employees, mums and dads,

憑著你堅定信念的勇氣，

everyone on Earth is a citizen on this planet.

再次怒吼，

要求我們的領袖採取行動，

So now's the time to stand up.

實現 1.5 度的世界。

With the courage of your convictions,

raise your voices yet again

朋友們，現在正是嚴正發聲

and demand our leaders to take action

轉變世界的時刻。

on the promise of a 1.5 degree world.

現在，有一個小女孩，

Friends, it's time to make some serious noise

可能是珂盧，可能是愛莎， 也可能是法蒂瑪，

to transform our world.

正在查德湖畔散步。

Right now, there's another young girl,

她眺望著湖面， 想知道她的未來可能會怎樣。

maybe it's Kolu, maybe it's Aisha, maybe it's Fatima,

會有汪洋般的機會等著她嗎？

walking on the shores of Lake Chad.

有可能。

She's looking out and wondering what her future may hold.

或是，眼睛所見盡是塵土飛揚的荒地？

她向掌握她未來的領袖問這個問題，

Will it be an ocean of opportunity?

It could be.

Or will it be a wasteland of dust as far as the eyes can see?

她也向今天在座的各位，

She's asking that question of all leaders who hold her future in their hands,

以及在全世界的各位問這個問題。

該是採取實際行動的時候了。

and she's also asking it of all of us here today

選擇權就在我們手上。

無論是個人，還是集體。

and around the world.

The time for real action has come.

你會怎麼做？

謝謝大家。

The choice is ours.

（掌聲）

Individually, collectively.

What will you do?

Thank you.

(Applause)