Why we need to fight misinformation about vaccines | Ethan Lindenberger

翻译人员: Gracia Chew 校对人员: Helen Chang

首先，我想与你们分享关于我家乡

俄亥俄州诺瓦克镇的事。

就如这个视频所提到的， 我来自诺瓦克，

一个人口大约15,000的极小镇子。

To start, I want to share with you guys something about my hometown

若你想在诺瓦克做好玩的事情，

of Norwalk, Ohio.

你可以去沃尔玛或者开半个小时的车 去做更有趣的事。

Now, as this video stated, I am from Norwalk,

which is an extremely small town, about 15,000 people.

我在诺瓦克生活了一辈子，

And really, in Norwalk, if you want to do something fun,

是当地一所公立高中的高中生，

you go to Walmart or drive half an hour to something more interesting.

这也是我真正喜欢诺瓦克的地方。

And for Norwalk, I've lived there for my entire life,

我只是个平凡的小孩，

I'm a senior at the local public high school,

领导辩论社，在教堂当志愿者。

在2018年的11月，

and you know, it's something to where I really enjoy my small town.

And I'm just a normal kid, you know,

我在Reddit贴文，

I lead debate clubs, I volunteer at my church.

对于我正在经历且需澄清的问题求教。

And back in November of 2018,

这个问题有在演说介绍中被提及，

I made a small Reddit post asking for advice

并且涉及疫苗接种

on an issue that I was encountering that I needed some clarification on.

和我没施打对抗一些疾病的预防针，

其中包括小儿麻痹症、麻疹、 流感、人类乳突病毒和肝炎。

And this issue, as was stated in the introduction,

was something towards vaccinations

这些预防针是同龄人 都会接种的正规疫苗。

and how I was not immunized against various diseases,

我问的问题既简单又蛮奇怪，

including polio and measles, as well as influenza, HPV, hepatitis --

因为我想接种疫苗。

the standard vaccine someone my age would receive.

这的确蛮诡异，但它真的发生了，

Now, this question I asked was simple and pretty strange,

继而变成一个众所周知的故事，

因为我想注射疫苗。

because, you know, I wanted to get vaccinated.

所以这有点奇怪，而这故事 随后便进一步流传开来，

That's kind of weird, but it happened,

在那之后我不仅接受采访 还与更多人谈话。

and then this turned into a public story,

再次声明，我只是个普通的孩子， 不是个科学家，

because I wanted to get vaccinated.

我不是非盈利组织的领导人， 而是一个相当随意的人，

So that was kind of strange, and then it blew up more,

and I was doing interviews and talking to more people,

我穿着连帽卫衣。

（笑声）

and again, I'm a normal kid, I'm not a scientist,

因为这个问题和这个故事，

I don't lead a non-profit, I am a pretty casual person,

因为我想接种疫苗

I'm wearing a hoodie.

并处于有趣的状况，

(Laughter)

我发现自己很快就被卷入

Because of this question and this story,

发生在公共场合的一个 很重要的争议和讨论。

because I wanted to get vaccinated

如今，我发现这些故事 与新闻头条大多蛮准确，

and this interesting situation I was in,

I saw that I quickly was in this public setting

比如：“在违抗反疫苗母亲后，

of an extremely important controversy and discussion taking place.

俄亥俄州少年解释自己为何接种疫苗。“

Now, I saw that the stories and headlines were pretty accurate for most part,

蛮准确，蛮真实。

而且，就如我所述，我在 参议院委员会面前作证，

you know, "After defying anti-vax mom,

结果，他们说，

Ohio teen expresses why he got vaccinated."

“这个自行接种疫苗的少年

刚在国会面前将母亲 反对疫苗接种的信念给撕毁了。”

Pretty accurate, pretty true.

好吧，其实我

And, as stated, I testified in front of a Senate committee,

并没那么做，但没关系。

so there, they said,

"This teen who self-vaccinated

一些新闻媒体甚至得寸进尺：

just ripped his mom's anti-vaxer beliefs in front of Congress."

“‘天知道我为何还活着’：

OK, I didn't really do that, but that's fine.

18岁少年终于接种疫苗 并抨击反疫苗父母。”

And certain news outlets took it a little further.

我并没攻击父母，这一点也不准确。

"'God knows how I'm still alive':

Teenager, 18, finally gets vaccinated and attacks his anti-vax parents."

而且我的故事 实际上更多是与争论有关，

它是关于我妈何以坏而我何以好，

So I did not attack my parents, that's not accurate at all.

以及我对她的苛责。

And you know, really, my story was more about controversy.

不正确。

这并没有发生。

我从未对母亲无礼，

It was about how my mom was bad and I was good,

即使在公共场合里表明

and I was ripping her a new one.

她的信念是被误导而立的，

我也依旧称她为慈母， 而这是大家须理解的。

Not true.

Not what was happening.

I never was rude towards my mother,

因为我认为在科学界里，

and even in public settings where I expressed

how her beliefs were misinformed,

了解疫苗重要性的人大多

I said that she was a loving mother, and that's important to understand.

无法理解别人对接种疫苗的抗拒。

其实，我们可以将其与某人 不把孩子带到急诊室求医相比。

Because a lot of people, I think, in the scientific community

that understand why vaccines are so important,

这是极其危险的情况，

并显示他人在某种程度上 对孩子缺乏同理心。

can really be confused by someone who would not vaccinate.

Really, we can compare it to someone not taking their child to the ER.

实际上，我能理解这种情况。

但是，我母亲被消息误导，

That's a very dangerous situation to be in

and it shows some lack of empathy towards your children in some regards.

误信如果她深爱孩子就不该接种疫苗。

And really, I can understand that, I can.

But my mom, she was misinformed and misled by sources that convinced her

当我遭遇这个状况并与母亲谈话时，

它起初显然不顺利，

that if she was a loving parent, she wouldn't vaccinate.

因为她认为我想做的事

会导致我患上自闭症 或变成残疾人士度过余生，

Now, when I encountered this and I talked to my mom,

而我说我要这么做， 可惜不怎么成功，

it didn't obviously go well at first,

because I was wanting to do something

不怎么顺利。

但有趣的是

that she thought would either cause autism or maim me for the rest of my life,

当我开始陷入这场境遇，

and I said I wanted to do this -- didn't really fly,

接收媒体访问时，

我提出了一个

didn't really go well.

并不正面的疑问：

But the thing that I found interesting

我到底将自己卷入了什么？

was that when I had started to get into this circumstance,

这是我经常问自己的，

因为再次声明，我不是专家， 只是个普通小孩，

do these interviews,

there was one question I proposed.

而我现在正与 CNN 和 Fox News 展开科学讨论，

Wasn't a positive one:

What in the world have I gotten myself into?

但我真的有促进讨论和点评 该课题的资格吗？

That's what I asked constantly,

because, again, I am not an expert, I am a normal kid,

很多人也基于充分的理由 提出这样的质疑，

and now I'm talking to CNN and Fox News about a scientific discussion

可我从未声称自己不理解的事情，

that really, should I be facilitating, should I be commenting on?

我只提及自己的亲身经历。

就连在参议院的听证会中，

And a lot of people questioned that, and for good reason.

我只谈及假信息何以危险。

我母亲被 fb 等社交平台

But I never claimed things I didn't understand,

I talked about my personal experiences.

和各自平台散播险恶谎言的机构

And even at the Senate hearing,

I just talked about how misinformation is dangerous.

所误导。

My mom got a lot of her beliefs from social media, from Facebook

我也发现当我在接受访问,

尽可能恭敬准确地发表意见时,

and from organizations that were allowing their platforms to push lies

我收到了很多批评也激怒了很多人。

that were very dangerous.

Now, I also saw that as I was doing this --

当我为了提供证词而到访华盛顿时，

and I was doing this as respectfully as I could,

我在参观办公楼的过程中，

as accurately as I could --

三名女士和我一起进电梯

I was getting a lot of criticism, a lot of very angry people.

并跟我说我的言论导致 她们的孩子被残害、杀害，

When I was in DC for that testimony I gave,

因此我基本上就是希特勒。

I was looking around the office building

那还真有意思。

and three ladies got in an elevator with me

（笑声）

and said I'm the reason their children are being maimed and murdered

实际上，大多数的少年、大多数的人 处于大部分的境遇时，

and I'm basically Hitler.

一旦被指责， 就容易产生自我怀疑。

So that was fun.

(Laughter)

而那种怀疑会化为疑问， 进而致使人们退出。

So really, for most circumstances, for most teenagers and most people,

因为当你有感兴趣的话题

when they get criticized, it leads to doubt.

或者想参与的运动，

And that doubt leads to questioning, and that questioning leads to quitting.

而你申明自己的立场并且说实话，

好主意无法避免被别人指责。

Because, when you have a topic that you're interested in,

勇于面对批评对年轻人来说并非易事，

or a movement that you want to be a part of,

而他们得付出很多以参加，

and you're taking a stance and saying what's true,

good ideas don't avoid criticism.

这些需要他们参与的重要议论。

我不是说我很了不起， 但重点在于

And for especially young people, they have a hard time dealing with that,

and these important discussions that need young people to take a part in,

通过参加这场运动 和这场重要的科学讨论，

以下的事发生了。

it takes a lot of commitment.

I'm not saying that I'm amazing, but here's what's important:

fb 更正了平台，

他们打算改变应对反疫苗内容的方式。

through me joining this movement and this important scientific discussion,

亚马逊甚至去除含有关于 自闭症和疫苗的假信息的书籍。

here's what happened.

而且最近，GoFundMe 平台 撤下反疫苗运动。

Facebook changed their platform.

They were going to change how they approach anti-vax content.

我们谈论的正是这类运动 如何带来实际的改变，

Amazon even removed misinformed books about autism and vaccines.

并确切地影响着整个局势，

有效遏制欺骗他人、

And recently, GoFundMe took down anti-vax campaigns.

We're talking about how movements like this are causing actual change,

推广危险想法的假信息的传播。

现在，在我离开之前， 因为我只有很短的时间，

actually impacting the way this game is played

我想给你们一句忠告。

and the misinformation that's lying to people

and convincing them of very dangerous ideas.

这整个演讲中的重点。

Now, before I leave, because I only have a short amount of time,

你能做的和我所做到的。

我既没做了不起的研究

I want to give you one important thing to keep in mind.

也没拿资料呈现给大家；

One important takeaway from this all.

我并没与他人展开深广、 高智商的科学辩论。

What you can do and what I did.

I didn't do amazing research and studies

我所做的只是分享我的故事。

而那对大多数人来说已足够了：

and take information and present it to people;

了解别人的亲身经历 和数据背后的真人。

I didn't have deep, intellectual, scientific debates with people.

All I did was share my story.

因为数据无法与人产生共鸣。

And that's enough for most people:

人与人才能产生共鸣。

to understand the anecdotal experiences, the real people behind the data.

而你必须将其谨记在心，

因为当你在谈论某个话题，

分享你的故事，分享重要的事，

Because data doesn't resonate with people.

你必须保持真实。

People resonate with people.

对数据、信息、话题的重要性

And you have to keep that in mind,

because when you are talking about a topic,

保持真实。

and you're sharing your story, and sharing what is important,

如果别人在和我谈话时

问我：“疫苗为何重要？”

you stay authentic.

我只会回答：

Stay authentic to the data, to the information,

to the importance of this topic.

“因为有人丧命，而那很重要。

If I was talking to an individual

因为有儿童失去性命，而那很重要。

and they said, "Why are vaccines important?"

I would say nothing alongside any other answer,

因为我们正面临不该发生的疾病爆发。“

I would not in any way fathomably give them answer outside of:

除此之外，我不会给出其他理由。

我相信，就像约翰·博伊尔所说的，

people are dying, and that's important.

这些疾病应该在历史书里， 而不是在社会里。

And that children are dying, and that's important.

为此，你们需要做出 捍卫真相的个人决定。

And that we're having disease outbreaks that should not be here.

And I believe, as John Boyle put it,

你们需要为自己做出个人的决定，

these diseases should be in history books and not in our communities.

告诉自己：“这是准确的，这是真实的，

So because of that, you need to make a personal decision to stand up for truth.

而这些谎言是不对的。”

因为我也是从个人范围内做起的。

You need to make a personal decision for yourself

我从小镇来到参议院并非一日之事。

to say, "This is accurate, this is what's real,

我不是上床睡觉，一醒来

and these lies are not OK."

参议员 Isakson 就在眼前 问我关于疫苗的问题。

Because it started with me doing that on a personal level.

我是逐步取得进展， 从我说的一句话开始：

I wasn't going from small town to Senate in a day.

“这是真的，

It wasn't like, I go to bed, I wake up

我妈妈不相信，但没关系。“

and there's Senator Isakson, asking me questions about vaccines.

因为那不会改变事实，

不会改变准确与重要的东西。

It was a slow progression and it started with me saying,

"This is true,

而说实话，最重要的事无疑是

my mom doesn't believe it, but that's OK."

“牢不可破”的整个概念： 不被别人的批评打倒。

Because that doesn't change the truth,

doesn't change what's accurate and what's important.

当你为了守护真相，挺身而出，

And honestly, the biggest thing,

试着发起一场运动， 不要被他人的指责动摇。

this whole idea of unbreakable: remain unbroken.

谢谢。

（掌声）

When you stand up for what's true and you have that criticism,

and you're trying to cause a movement, don't sway.

Thank you.

(Applause)