The End of Roe v. Wade -- and What Comes Next | Kathryn Kolbert | TED

翻译人员: gigide Hulu 校对人员: Yanyan Hong

"What's the Supreme Court going to do about abortion?"

“最高法院打算针对堕胎做些什么？”

“They’re not really going to overturn Roe v. Wade, are they?”

“他们不会真的推翻罗伊诉韦德案 （Roe v. Wade）吧，对吗？”

"They can't do that, can they?"

“他们不能这么做，对吗？”

I can't tell you how many people have asked me questions like this

我无法告诉你们，在最近几个月里，

in recent months.

有多少人问过我这样的问题。

It makes sense.

可以理解。

I have argued two abortion cases in the US Supreme Court,

我曾经在美国最高法院 为两起堕胎案辩护，

including the 1992 case Planned Parenthood v. Casey,

包括1992年计划生育组织诉 凯西案 (Planned Parenthood v. Casey)，

which is credited with saving Roe v. Wade.

这个案例要归功于罗诉韦德案。

I was a co-founder of the Center for Reproductive Rights,

我是生殖权利中心的联合创始人，

and I spent 20 years of my career

在我的职业生涯中，用了20年

arguing on behalf of women who needed abortions

为需要堕胎

and other reproductive health care.

和其他生殖健康保障的女性发声。

So my answer is depressing but direct:

所以，我的回答令人沮丧但是直接，

Roe v. Wade will be dead within the year.

罗伊诉韦德案可能在今年内成为历史。

The constitutional right to choose whether or not to have an abortion

宪法赋予堕胎的选择权

will no longer be protected by the United States Constitution.

将不再被美国宪法保护。

This court is likely to overrule Roe and Casey

法院会推翻罗伊和凯西的案例

or so undermine its meaning

或者破坏它的意义，

that it will be effectively unavailable for use.

使得它不能有效地使用。

Now I heard your gasps,

现在我听到你们的叹息。

I'm going to say it again.

我要再说一遍，

The Federal Constitution of the United States

美国的联邦宪法

will no longer protect reproductive freedom.

将不再保护生殖自由。

Now I'm also here to tell you

在这里我告诉你们

that there's hope.

我们还有希望。

That we can preserve, by working together,

我们能通过共同的努力，

our reproductive freedoms.

保护我们的生殖自由。

And by that, I mean more than just the right to choose abortion.

我的意思是说， 不仅仅是选择堕胎的自由，

By that, I mean the ability to make decisions about becoming parents.

是我们关于是否成为父母的决策能力。

All people should have that right.

每个人都应该有这个权利。

Whatever their race, whatever their gender,

无论种族，无论性别，

whoever they love,

无论他们爱谁，

all people ought to have the right to decide to become parents

所有的人都应该有权利 决定是否成为父母，

and the social supports that are necessary

所有人都应该获得必要的社会支持

to raise those children with dignity and in safety.

有尊严和安全地抚养孩子。

So opponents argue three things

所以当反对者说他们要禁止堕胎时，

when they say they want to ban abortion.

他们争论三点，

They talk about religion;

他们说宗教；

they talk about protection of fetal rights;

他们说胎儿人权；

they talk about protection of women's health.

他们说保护女性健康。

So let's take those each in turn.

我们来一个一个看。

Religion.

先说宗教。

You know, the reality of the world is

你知道，这个世界的真实情况是，

that the world's religions have a wide variety of views on abortion,

世界上的宗教对堕胎有各种各样的观点，

and many support them in a whole range of different circumstances.

很多在各种不同的情况下支持堕胎。

So when abortion opponents say religion,

所以，当堕胎的反对者说宗教的时候，

they're really just imposing their religion on the rest of us.

他们只是把他们的宗教 强加给我们其余的人。

And what about protection of fetal rights?

那保护胎儿的权利呢？

If in fact you cared about protecting fetal rights,

事实上如果你关心胎儿的权利，

you'd spend a lot of time working to eliminate

你会花时间去努力消除

the alarming rate of infant mortality in this country.

这个国家惊人的婴儿死亡率。

(Applause)

（掌声）

Because in the United States,

因为在美国，

we have one of the highest rates of infant mortality

我们有着发达国家

in the developed world.

最高的婴儿死亡率。

They also should be supporting programs for children once they are born.

他们也应该在孩子出生后 就他们提供支持计划。

(Applause)

（掌声）

You know, what about the protection of women's health?

那至于保护女性健康呢？

Well, the reality is, abortion is already an extremely safe surgical procedure.

事实是，堕胎已经是一个非常安全的手术。

It is safer than childbirth.

比分娩健康。

And imposing new restrictions on abortion only makes it less safe.

给堕胎增加新的限制， 只会让它变得不安全。

In my view, what we're really talking about,

在我看来，我们真正讨论的

this fixation on abortion by opponents,

那些堕胎反对者的执着，

those people who want to ban abortion,

那些想禁止堕胎的人，

is all about controlling women.

都是关于控制女性。

And women are unable to operate,

如果我们不能控制何时和谁生孩子，

to be equal participants in our society,

女性就无法主张，

if we cannot control whether, when and with whom we have children.

成为这个社会平等的参与者。

We cannot exercise the fundamental human right

我们不能行使最基本的人权，

to make decisions about our bodies and our destinies.

决定我们的身体和命运。

So why am I so convinced

那么，为什么我坚信，

that the Supreme Court is going to overrule Roe and Casey

最高法院将推翻罗伊和凯西案，

and take what is clearly a radical step?

采取一个显然激进的步骤？

Now, interestingly enough,

有趣的是，

I learned everything I needed to know to be successful in the Supreme Court

在“芝麻街” （Sesame Street）

on “Sesame Street.”

我学到了我需要知道的 在高等法院获得成功的一切事情，

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Why?

为什么？

Because you've got to learn to count.

因为你必须学会数数。

And the only number that matters is five --

而唯一重要的数字是“五”——

(Laughter)

（笑声）

which is a majority of the justices on the Court.

这代表法院里的多数法官 （最高法院一共九位法官）。

Now, when Casey went to the High Court in 1992,

当1992年凯西案上诉到最高法院，

I was convinced that there were five justices then

我坚信有五位法官

prepared to overrule Roe

准备推翻罗伊的案例，

and return to the states the ability to ban abortion.

退回给州法院禁止堕胎的。

I was correct.

我是对的。

Right after my argument,

在我辩护之后，

the justices returned to their conference room and took a vote,

法官们回到他们的会议室投票，

and seven justices voted to uphold the Pennsylvania restrictions

七位法官投票支持宾夕法尼亚州的限制，

that were at issue in the case.

这是这个案件中的争议点。

And then Chief Justice Rehnquist wrote a draft opinion.

然后主法官伦奎斯特 （Rehnquist） 写了一个意见草案。

While he never said the magic words, that Roe is fatal,

他没有说任何魔力词汇，

as Justice John Paul Stevens recently wrote in his memoir,

像大法官约翰·保罗·史蒂文斯 （John Paul Stevens）

最近他在回忆录中， 写道的“罗伊案是胎儿”

the opinion effectively repudiated the central holding of Roe.

这个意见驳回了对罗伊案的支持。

Now, luckily, that opinion was never filed in 1992.

幸运地，这个意见没有被采纳。

At the last minute, Justice Anthony Kennedy changed his mind,

在最后一刻，安东尼·肯尼迪 （Anthony Kennedy）大法官改变了主意，

and together with justices Sandra Day O'Connor

和大法官桑德拉·戴·奥康纳 （Sandra Day O’Connor），

and David Souter,

以及大卫·苏特（David Souter）

they issued what they called a joint opinion.

发布了他们所谓的联合意见。

And in it, they upheld the right of women to obtain abortion up until viability,

在这个意见里， 他们维护了妇女拥有堕胎的权利，

直至“可存活胎龄”，

usually between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy,

通常指怀孕 22-24 周，

in all 50 states and US territories.

在所有 50 个州和美国领土上。

But the Casey decision went a little further,

但是凯西案的裁决不仅于此，

and it had permitted states to enact barriers to abortion

允许各州为堕胎设置障碍

as long as they weren't undue burdens on women.

只要他们不给女性过重的负担。

And as a result,

结果，

in the following three decades,

在接下来的三十年里，

we’ve seen states pass hundreds of restrictions on abortion,

我们看到各州通过了 数以百计的限制堕胎的法案，

and the increasingly conservative courts uphold those restrictions.

以及越来越多的保守法院 对这些限制的支持。

And as a result, we've seen a dwindling availability of abortion.

同时，我们也看到日渐减少的堕胎可行性。

Today, about 11 percent of the counties in this country

今天，只有大约 11% 的县

that actually have an abortion provider.

有提供堕胎服务的机构。

There are six states that have one abortion provider.

其中有六个州只有 一个提供堕胎服务的机构。

As we know, in the days before Roe,

而我们知道，在罗伊的案例之前，

women with means were able to get abortions.

有条件的女性能够堕胎，

Other women, on the other hand,

而其他的女性，

even today --

即使在今天，

low-income women, women who live in rural areas,

低收入的女性、偏远地区的女性，

teenagers, women of color, women who are disabled --

青少年、有色人种的女性、残疾女性，

all of whom have difficulty

所有这些人都很难

accessing safe and affordable abortion.

得到安全和负担得起的堕胎服务。

Now the question is: What’s going to happen now?

现在的问题是： 接下来会怎么样？

And unfortunately, things are going to get worse.

不幸的是，事情会变得更糟。

There are currently three cases pending in the Supreme Court,

目前共有三个案件在最高法院审理中，

two from Texas and one from Mississippi.

两个来自德克萨斯， 一个来自密西西比，

Now, most of you probably have been following the Texas situation.

你们中的很多人可能 有关注德克萨斯的情况，

Texas passed a ban on abortion at about six weeks of pregnancy.

德克萨斯通过了一项禁止 怀孕 6 周以上堕胎的法令，

It allowed any individual to sue abortion providers.

这项法令允许任何个人 起诉堕胎服务机构，

Vigilantes could collect a bounty of 10,000 dollars

义务警员可以从起诉这些违法行为中，

for a violation of the law.

获得一万美元的奖金。

And as a result, many, many clinics,

而实际上，很多很多的诊所，

probably most of the clinics in Texas,

可能是大多数的德克萨斯的诊所，

have closed their doors

关上了他们的门

or have decreased the number of abortions they performed.

或者减少了 他们实施的堕胎手术的数量。

It's difficult.

这是个艰难的状况。

But the critical piece about Texas

而关于德克萨斯的关键部分

is that five justices --

是五个大法官——

remember that number five --

记得那个数字“五”——

five justices already voted to permit the Texas law to go into effect.

五个大法官已经投票 允许德克萨斯法令生效。

And besides the harm for women,

除了对女性的伤害，

those justices are not really considering the constitutionality of the act,

这些大法官并没有真正考虑 该法案的合宪性。

only who can be sued and where.

仅仅是谁会被起诉，在哪里起诉。

The more important case is out of Mississippi.

更重要的案件是在密西西比，

There, there's a ban on abortion at 15 weeks of pregnancy.

那里有一项针对 怀孕 15 周以上的堕胎禁令。

Arguments were heard this week, and in my view,

这周进行了听证会，我认为，

we are likely to see at least five justices

我们很可能会看到至少五个大法官

overrule Roe and Casey

驳回罗伊和凯西案，

and send the question of abortion back to the states.

并把堕胎的问题的决策权推给各州。

Sesame Street, five votes.

芝麻街，五个投票。

And unfortunately, this time around,

不幸的是，这次，

there is no Justice Kennedy to save us.

再也没有肯尼迪（Kennedy）大法官 来拯救我们。

Now, what's going to happen when Roe and Casey are overturned?

那么，如果罗伊和凯西案例被驳回， 接下来将会怎么样？

I'd guess that about half the states in this country

我猜这个国家将会有大概一半的州，

will ban all or most abortions.

禁止所有的或者大多数堕胎手术。

We're likely to see ban stretching from Georgia all the way west to Texas,

我们可能会看到禁令从 乔治亚州一路向西延伸到德克萨斯州，

from Idaho, all the way south to Arizona.

从爱达荷州一路向南到亚利桑那州。

Women, like Texan women, will be forced to travel to the 15 states

女性，比如德克萨斯的女性， 需要被迫前往十五个

that are controlled by pro-choice legislators and governors.

由支持“堕胎权”的立法者和州长控制的州。

Other women will seek medication abortion,

其他一些女性 将会通过互联网或黑市，

using the internet or gray or black markets

寻求药物流产的方式，

and subject themselves in some states to criminal prosecutions.

而这在某些州会将自己置于刑事诉讼。

Still, other women will carry their unintended pregnancies to term.

而还会有一些女性， 会继续他们意外怀孕到足月。

The bottom line is this is not a pretty picture.

底线是，这当然不是一幅美妙的画面。

So what now?

所以现在怎么办？

What can we do?

我们能做什么？

We have been saying for five decades,

我们说了五十年，

"Save Roe, save Roe, save Roe."

“拯救罗伊，拯救罗伊，拯救罗伊。”

That strategy is no longer feasible.

这个策略不再有效。

Give it up.

放弃吧。

We've got to make sure

我们需要确定，

we quit hitting our heads against the marble staircase.

我们不再把我们的头 撞向大理石的台阶，

And try to find new strategies.

我们需要新的策略。

So I'm going to propose two of them to you today.

所以我今天将提出其中两个倡议。

First, we’ve got to build a badass social justice movement.

首先，我们需要发起一场 “蛮横的”社会正义运动，

(Applause)

（掌声）

Which means loudly crying for our rights,

我们要为我们的权利大声哭喊，

loudly saying: this is something that belongs to us.

大声的说出来， 这是本来属于我们的权利。

We know from watching the Black Lives Matter movement

从对“黑人的命也是命”运动 和婚姻平等运动的观察，

and the marriage equality movement that coalition is queen.

我们认识到，联盟为皇。

We've got to find allies

我们必须找到盟友，

and work with them to make sure our rights are protected.

一起战斗才能保证我们的权利得到保护。

But equally important,

但是同样重要的是，

we've got to ensure that we elect --

我们需要确保我们选举——

and I'd actually say more important --

其实我该说更重要的是——

is we've got to elect legislators,

我们必须在各个州和国会，

throughout the states and in Congress,

选举出拥护

who are champions for reproductive health.

生殖健康的立法者。

Now, I'm not going to bother to tell you all

现在，我不厌其烦地告诉你们

how to get politically active.

如何保持政治上的活跃。

This is a crowd that knows how to do it.

这是一群知道如何去做的人。

But knowing how to do it and actually doing it

但是知道如何去做和实际上做，

are two different things,

是两件不一样的事。

so what you need to do is get politically active.

所以你们需要做的是 在政治上活跃起来。

But one of the things I will tell you

我可以告诉你们，

is what would our world look like

这个世界将会变成什么样子，

if we were able to wrest the reins of governmental power

如果我们能够夺取政府权利的缰绳，

away from those who oppose abortion

让他们远离那些反对堕胎的人群，

and allow an agenda

并允许将

that reflects reproductive freedoms and justice.

生殖自由和正义提上议事日程。

Picture this.

想象一下，

We would have childcare

在这个国家的每个社区，

and universal childhood education in every community in this country.

我们会拥有托儿服务和普及的儿童教育。

We would have paid maternity and paternity leaves,

我们会有带薪的产假和陪产假，

and people would actually take them.

而且人们会实实在在休这些假。

All working parents ought to have that right.

所有的在职父母都应该拥有这个权利。

You know --

你知道——

(Applause)

（掌声）

According to the Centers for Disease Control,

根据各疾病控制中心的信息，

African American women,

非裔美国女性、

Native American women, Alaska Native women

美洲原住民女性、阿拉斯加原住民女性，

are dying of pregnancy-related causes

死于怀孕相关因素的比例，

at three times the rate of white women.

是白人女性的三倍。

And most of those deaths are preventable.

而大多数这些死亡是可以避免的。

So in our world where we control the reins of power,

所以在那个我们能控制权利的世界里，

we would ensure,

我们能保证，

we would ensure that there were programs

我们能保证会有计划

to reduce this alarming rate of maternal mortality.

来降低产妇死亡率的惊人比例。

And we would make sure

我们也能保证

that the systemic racism in our health care system

系统性的种族主义 在我们的医疗保健系统中

would be eliminated.

会被消除。

And we'd work to eliminate infertility

我们也会努力为无法怀孕的女性

with special programs for women who can't get pregnant.

提供医疗服务以减少不孕症。

And we would make sure that all women are entitled to health care services

我们还将确保所有的女性

at all stages of their life.

在她们人生的所有阶段， 都有权享受医疗保健服务。

Now all of those things I've talked about,

我所提到的所有这些，

are family-friendly policies

都是家庭友好政策，

and ought to be supported by our opponents as well.

应该也被我们的反对者支持。

I'll wait to see if that's the case.

我会等着看会不会这样。

But in my world where we control the reins of power,

但是在那个我们能控制权利的世界里，

we would do more.

我们可以做更多。

The birth control pill would be available over the counter.

避孕药可以在柜台买到。

(Applause)

（掌声）

OK, as easy to get as a bottle of Tylenol.

就像一瓶泰诺感冒药一样容易得到。

And we'd have quality sex education in every public school in this country.

我们会在全国的公立学校 推广优质的性教育。

(Applause)

（掌声）

And we would make sure that ...

我们还将确保

abortion is affordable and available --

可以堕胎并且可以负担得起、

no more bans, no more barriers,

没有禁令、没有障碍、

no more restrictions on funding.

没有资金的限制。

And medication abortion,

药物流产的

the abortion pill,

口服药物，

would be available not just at Planned Parenthoods

将不仅可以在美国计划生育联合会

and the dwindling number of abortion clinics in this country,

和正在减少的提供堕胎手术的诊所买到，

but at pharmacies without a prescription,

也能在药店以没有处方的方式、

at walk-in health centers

非预约制的健康中心、

and on every college campus in the United States.

和大学校园里买到。

(Applause)

（掌声）

And if you had any doubt

如果你对保持政治活跃的重要性

about the importance of getting politically active,

有任何疑问，

we could also pass

我们也可以通过

a constitutional amendment,

宪法修正案，

what I call a gender equity amendment,

我所说的性别平等修正案，

that would guarantee to all persons

这将保证所有人

the ability to make decisions not just about abortion,

有权利做决策，不仅仅是堕胎，

but about pregnancy and marriage

还包括怀孕和结婚，

and sexuality and parenting.

性关系和育儿。

And it would be a permanent part of the United States Constitution.

这将会成为美国宪法永久的一部分。

Now the important part of that is

那么现在重要的是，

these rights should not be controlled by politicians.

这些权利不应该被政治家们控制。

They shouldn't be dependent on where you live

这些权利不应该取决于你住在哪，

or how much money you make

你赚多少钱，

or the color of your skin

你的肤色，

or the person you love

你爱的人，

or the pronouns you use.

或者你用的代词。

These are universal fundamental human rights,

这些是普世基本的人权，

and they ought to be guaranteed in law,

应该在法律上，在宪法上，

in the Constitution,

得到保障。

so the Supreme Court cannot willy-nilly take them away.

所以最高法院不能随意将它们剥夺。

(Applause)

（掌声）

Now to do this,

为了达到这个目标，

we need to elect champions for choice

我们需要竞选活动，

to the 500,000 elected seats in our government in this country:

争取我们国家的政府里 五十万个选举席位，

everything from school boards to town councils,

从学校董事会到市议会，

to state legislatures to Congress and the White House.

到州立法机关到国会和白宫。

All of those seats need to be controlled by champions of our cause.

所有这些席位都需要 被我们事业的拥护者所控制。

And that can only happen if you get politically active.

而这些，只有当你们 变得政治活跃才能发生。

Your vote, your willingness to work in campaigns,

你的投票，你参加竞选活动的意愿，

write postcards, make phone calls,

写卡片，打电话，

knock on doors,

敲门，

can make that happen.

（任何一点努力） 都会让这些变成现实。

And even run for office,

甚至竞选公职，

because that's what we need to do.

这正是我们需要做的。

Now while dire, the end of Roe is not the end of the story.

虽然可怕，但罗伊案的告终 并不是故事的终结。

To paraphrase Joan Baez,

用琼·贝兹 (Joan Baez) 的话说，

the best antidote to despair is action.

绝望的最佳解药是行动。

And your action,

而你们的行动，

your willingness to work hard

你们努力的意愿，

cannot only preserve reproductive freedoms for ourselves

不仅仅能保护我们自己的生殖自由，

but for our children as well.

也能保护我们孩子的自由。

So let's do it.

所以行动起来吧！

Thank you.

谢谢！

(Cheers and applause)

（欢呼和掌声）