The Fairy Tales of the Fossil Fuel Industry — and a Better Climate Story | Luisa Neubauer | TED

翻译人员: A. D. 校对人员: Yip Yan Yeung

My name is Luisa Neubauer.

我叫路易莎·诺伊鲍尔 （Luisa Neubauer）。

I grew up in one of the most privileged parts of the world,

我在世界上条件最优越的地区之一—— 德国汉堡——长大。

in Hamburg in Germany.

Growing up, I believed that just as my parents would take care of me,

在成长过程中，我相信， 正如我的父母会照顾我一样，

governments would take care of the big problems in the world.

政府会处理好这世界上的大问题。

I grew up in a world that told me

在我长大的世界里， 所有声音都告诉我

that things would just get better and better

事情会变得越来越好， 并且对每个人都是如此。

for everyone.

I grew up in a fairy tale.

我在一个童话故事中长大。

Part of this fairy tale is the story of Germany.

这个童话的一部分是德国的故事。

Or, to be more precise, the role of fossil fuels in Germany.

或者，更准确地说， 是化石燃料在德国扮演的角色。

The most obvious impact of fossil fuels in Germany are soaring emissions.

化石燃料在德国最明显的 影响是飙升的排放量。

Germany is the country fourth most responsible for the climate crisis.

德国是对气候危机 责任第四大的国家。

Growing up, however, I didn't know that.

然而，在我成长的过程中， 我并不知道这些。

What I knew was this.

我所知道的是这样的：

Without fossil fuels,

没有化石燃料，

there could never be economic growth.

就不可能有经济增长。

Without economic growth, there couldn't be jobs,

没有经济增长， 就不可能有工作，

there couldn't be wealth, there couldn't be peace.

就不可能有财富， 就不可能有和平。

So Germany burnt coal, oil and gas

因此，德国燃烧煤炭、 石油和天然气，

no matter where it was coming from.

不管它来自哪里。

This fairy tale isn't unique to Germany.

这个童话并不是德国独有的，

There are versions of it everywhere.

到处都有它的其它版本。

It took me years to figure out what was behind this fairy tale.

我花了很多年才弄清楚 这个童话背后的东西。

And once I did, I became a climate activist.

而我一弄清楚，我就 成为了一名气候活动家，

And together with thousands of others,

并与成千上万的人一起，

we organized the largest climate protests ever seen.

组织了有史以来最大的 气候抗议活动。

People then very quickly started calling us naive

然后人们很快就开始说我们幼稚，

and most found we were so radical.

而且大多数人觉得我们太激进了。

Yet the only thing we really did is we broke off the fairy tales

然而，我们唯一真正做的 一件事就是我们打破了童话，

and instead we told the truth.

并说出了事实。

And because there are fairy tales everywhere,

由于到处都是童话，

telling the truth in the climate crisis

说出气候危机的真相

means deconstructing almost every aspect of it.

意味着要分解它的几乎每个方面。

People, for instance, call the climate crisis man-made

比如，人们说气候危机是人为的。

and while there were, indeed, humans behind it,

虽然这背后确实有人类的原因存在，

it's much less man-made and much more fossil-fuel-made.

但它不完全是人为的， 而更多的是化石燃料造成的。

It's made possible by the exploitation of coal, oil and gas

它是由煤炭、石油和天然气的开采

and the profit-driven economic systems behind it.

以及其背后利益驱动的 经济体系所造成的。

Calling the climate crisis man-made implies it's an accident of human nature,

称气候危机为人为的， 意味着它是人类本性的一个事故。

whereas it's actually a relatively small group of people

而实际上，它源自于 相对较小的一群人，

in just a few places around the world,

只在世界范围内的几个地方。

the fossil fuel industries, their marketing

化石燃料行业、他们的营销

and their political supporters.

以及他们的政治支持者。

The fossil fuel industry itself is also a powerhouse of fairy tales.

化石燃料行业本身也是 一个童话故事的发电厂。

Fifty years ago,

五十年前，

they knew that their business would lead us into a climate disaster.

他们知道，他们的生意会把 我们带入一场气候灾难。

Back then in the '70s and the '80s and the '90s,

在 70、80 和 90 年代，

they had the chance to use that knowledge

他们曾有机会利用那些知识来 推行向可再生能源的过渡。

to introduce a transition to renewable energies.

They decided not to.

但他们决定不这样做。

And instead, they started telling fairy tales.

相反，他们开始讲童话故事。

They started campaigns to mislead people.

他们开始做误导人们的 商业宣传活动。

They denied their own climate science that they did themselves.

他们否认了他们自己 研究出来的气候科学。

And by that, they stole our very first historic chance to act from us.

因此，他们偷走了我们第一个 采取行动的历史性机会。

So now, for many lives, it's already too late.

所以现在，对许多人来说， 已经太晚了。

The droughts, the fires and floods are all happening already in 2022.

干旱、火灾和洪水都已经 在 2022 年发生了。

No place is safe anymore.

再也没有地方是安全的了。

So as the catastrophes can no longer be denied,

所以，当灾难无法再被否认时，

fossil fuel industries have again started telling new fairy tales,

化石燃料行业又开始 讲新的童话故事。

and this time they present themselves as part of the solution.

而这一次，他们将自己 打造为解决方案的一部分。

They call it transition.

他们称之为过渡。

They promise innovations.

他们承诺创新。

They speak of green growth.

他们讨论绿色增长。

And it sounds wonderful.

这听起来很美妙。

It is powerful too.

它听上去也很强大。

People really want to believe that this time,

人们真的很想相信这一次，

the Equinors, the Totals, the Shells and all the others,

挪威石油、道达尔、壳牌 以及其他所有人，

this time, they will not steal another chance to act from us, right?

这一次，他们不会再从我们 这里偷走行动的机会，对吗？

I would like to believe that too.

我也想去相信这一点。

But I cannot, for two very simple truths.

但我不能，因为两个 非常简单的事实。

Number one,

第一，

we do not have time for any more delay.

我们没有拖延的时间了。

So whoever tells us that they will just need some more time

因此，告诉我们他们只 需要多些时间的人，

does not understand the very basic logic of the crisis we are in.

压根不了解我们所处的 危机的基本逻辑。

Back in Hamburg when I was in school,

当我还在汉堡上学的时候，

we would get 90 minutes to finish a math exam.

我们会有 90 分钟完成 一场数学考试。

The fossil fuel industry is, in a way, taking that very exam right now.

在某种程度上，化石燃料行业现在 正在进行一场这样的考试。

But instead of 90 minutes,

但他们告诉我们他们要 9 年， 而非 90 分钟，去完成它。

they tell us they will finish in nine years.

Back in school, that attitude would have got me failing my assignments.

在学校里，这种态度会让 我的作业不及格。

And the second truth is,

第二个事实是，

and that's the simple equation behind the climate crisis,

而这就是气候危机背后的 一个简单等式，

to limit global heating to 1.5 degrees,

要想将全球升温限制 在 1.5 度以内，

or as close as we can possibly get to that,

或尽可能地接近这一目标，

there cannot to be any new fossil fuel explotation.

就不能有任何新的化石燃料开采，

No single new project can be constructed.

也不能有任何新的项目被建造。

Yet, as we speak, fossil fuel industries are planning

然而，就在当下， 化石燃料行业正在筹划着

let alone 195 new mega-projects, so-called climate bombs,

195 个新的大型项目， 也叫气候炸弹。

each of them emitting more than one gigaton of CO2.

它们中的每一个都会排放 超一千兆吨的二氧化碳。

So as the wind turbines peacefully spin

因此，当风力涡轮机[在]他们向我们 展示的电视广告中平静地旋转时，

[in] the TV commercials they present to us,

fossil fuel industries are expanding everywhere around the world.

化石燃料工业正在世界各地扩张，

And dancing on our chances to create anything like a climate justice world.

并危害着我们创造一个 气候正义的世界的机会。

And after all, this isn't just about the climate.

但这终究不仅仅是气候的问题。

Back in Hamburg 30 years ago,

在 30 年前的汉堡，

when my grandmother installed her first solar panel on the roof

当我的祖母在屋顶上安装了 她的第一个太阳能板，

and people started talking of the German “Energiewende,”

当人们开始谈论德国的 “能源转型”时，

it was estimated that Germany could become energy independent.

据估计，德国可以 实现能源的自给自足。

It didn't happen.

但这并没有发生。

Why?

为什么？

Fossil fuel industries went ahead,

化石燃料行业先行了一步，

lobbied against environmental policies

游说反对环境政策，

and together with their political supporters,

并与他们的政治支持者一起，

brought the energy transition in Germany almost to a complete halt.

使德国的能源转型几乎完全停滞。

More than 100,000 jobs were lost in the solar industry alone,

仅在太阳能行业，就有 超过 10 万个工作岗位流失。

and as the energy transition slowed down,

而且随着能源转型的放缓，

Germany imported more fossil fuels from Russia than any other country.

德国从俄罗斯进口的化石燃料 变得比任何其他国家都多。

And now we watch

而现在我们看到

as Vladimir Putin invades Ukraine.

弗拉基米尔·普京入侵乌克兰，

Made possible by a fossil fuel war machinery

这是由德国这样的国家资助的

and paid for by countries like Germany.

化石燃料战争机器所实现的。

Fossil fuels don't only take lives and livelihoods

化石燃料不仅夺走生命、生计

and destroy our climate.

和破坏我们的气候，

They empower autocrats everywhere to start wars, to threaten democracies,

它们还使各地的独裁者得以 发动战争，威胁民主国家，

and to threaten energy systems in places like Germany

并威胁全球像德国这样的 地方的能源系统，

and across the globe onto their knees.

使其毫无招架之力。

I grew up in a world where fossil fuels, one way or the other,

我在一个化石燃料总以某种方式

would protect our democracies, our economies and our peace.

保护我们的民主制度、 经济和和平的世界里长大。

Yet the truth is,

然而事实是，

in the 21st century,

在 21 世纪，

we need to understand fossil fuels

我们需要理解化石燃料

as a single great threat to our democracies,

是对我们的民主制度、经济和 和平的一个巨大威胁。

our economies, and our peace.

So what can be the role of fossil fuel industries in the 21st century?

那么，在 21 世纪，化石燃料 产业扮演着什么角色呢？

To the fossil fuel executives, the boards,

对于化石燃料的高管、董事会、

the shareholders and everyone attached,

股东和所有其他相关人员来说，

the messages are quite simple:

道理非常简单：

stop expanding fossil fuels

停止扩张化石燃料开采，

and stop lying to us about that.

并停止在这方面对我们撒谎。

Yet maybe we shouldn't trust those messages to reach the right people

然而，也许我们不该相信这些信息能

in the short amount of time we have left.

在我们所剩的短暂时间内 被传达给正确的人。

So there are other messages for everyone else.

因此，还有一些要 传达给其他所有人的信息。

Number one,

第一，

if fossil fuel industries don't listen

如果化石燃料行业不听取

when people and science tell them to get out of fossil fuels,

人们和科学的话， 让他们摆脱化石燃料，

they should not be listened to

人们也不该听他们

when they tell us more fairy tales about wanting to be part of the solution.

告诉我们更多所谓想成为 解决方案的一部分的童话故事。

Number two,

第二，

if fossil fuel industries don't stop the destruction of livelihoods,

如果化石燃料行业 不停止对生计的破坏，

especially in the most affected places,

特别是在受影响最严重的地方，

they need to be stopped by us.

那么我们必须要阻止他们。

And number three,

第三，

if fossil fuel industries get to make the rules

如果化石燃料行业能够制定

about the transition we so desperately need,

关于我们迫切需要的 转型的规则的话，

we will not get that transition.

我们将无法转型。

These rules will have to be made by the people

这些规则将必须由人民来制定，

so they can ever be just and ever be on time.

才会是公正且准时的。

And they will have to be informed by the science

而且，它们必须以科学为依据。

that luckily today tells us everything that we need to know.

幸运的是，当今的科学能 告诉我们需要知道的一切。

So this is a call for the people everywhere,

因此，这是对世界 各地人民的一个呼吁。

for the normal people to stop their normal lives

请老百姓们停止他们的正常生活，

and start beginning to build a new tomorrow

并开始打造一个新的明天，

so that at some point we can have a new normal again.

从而在某个时刻，让我们可以 重新拥有一个新的常态。

That new tomorrow,

那个新的明天，

it won't be built for those who have brought us into this entire mess,

它不会是为那些把我们带入 这整个混乱局面的人建立的，

whom we have no reason to trust

我们没有理由相信他们。

and who wish to sit at the same table as we do,

他们希望与我们坐在同一张桌子上，

but will never sit at our side.

却永远不会与我们坐在同一边。

It will be built for everyone else.

它将会是为其他所有人而建的。

It will put people over profits

它将把人置于利益之上，

and lives over fossil fuels.

把生命置于化石燃料之上。

It will be just,

它将是公正的，

and it will be safe after all.

并且它终将是安全的。

So I'd say, let's get to work.

所以我想说，让我们开始行动吧。

Thank you.

谢谢大家。

(Applause)

（掌声）