The Fairy Tales of the Fossil Fuel Industry — and a Better Climate Story | Luisa Neubauer | TED

譯者: Lo Julia 審譯者: Shelley Tsang 曾雯海

My name is Luisa Neubauer.

我的名字是露易莎·諾伊鮑爾

I grew up in one of the most privileged parts of the world,

我生長在全世界最優渥 的地方之一

in Hamburg in Germany.

德國的漢堡

Growing up, I believed that just as my parents would take care of me,

成長期間我相信我父母 會就這樣照顧我

governments would take care of the big problems in the world.

政府能關注到全球 重大問題

I grew up in a world that told me

我所成長的世界告訴我

that things would just get better and better

一切事情只會越來越好

for everyone.

對每個人

I grew up in a fairy tale.

我在童話中長大

Part of this fairy tale is the story of Germany.

其中一個童話是德國 的一個故事

Or, to be more precise, the role of fossil fuels in Germany.

又或者更確切地說 化石燃料在德國的作用

The most obvious impact of fossil fuels in Germany are soaring emissions.

在德國化石燃料最顯著 的影響就是排放量飆升

Germany is the country fourth most responsible for the climate crisis.

德國身為最需為氣候 危機負責國排名第四

Growing up, however, I didn't know that.

然而我在成長過程中 並不曉得

What I knew was this.

我曉得是這個

Without fossil fuels,

如果沒有化石燃料

there could never be economic growth.

就沒有所謂的經濟成長

Without economic growth, there couldn't be jobs,

如果經濟沒有成長 就不會有工作

there couldn't be wealth, there couldn't be peace.

就不會有財富 也不會有和平

So Germany burnt coal, oil and gas

所以德國燒碳油天然氣

no matter where it was coming from.

無論是從何處來的

This fairy tale isn't unique to Germany.

這個童話在德國不特別

There are versions of it everywhere.

各地都有其版本

It took me years to figure out what was behind this fairy tale.

多年來我了解到這個 童話背後的真相

And once I did, I became a climate activist.

而曾經我做到了 我成為一名氣候運動家

And together with thousands of others,

與其他上千人一起

we organized the largest climate protests ever seen.

我們組織前所未見最 大型的氣候抗議活動

People then very quickly started calling us naive

大家開始馬上說我們 幼稚

and most found we were so radical.

而大多數都覺得 我們很偏激

Yet the only thing we really did is we broke off the fairy tales

不過我們唯一確實做到 就是終止童話故事

and instead we told the truth.

反之我們說出真相

And because there are fairy tales everywhere,

因為到處都有童話故事

telling the truth in the climate crisis

說出氣候危機的真相

means deconstructing almost every aspect of it.

意味近乎拆析著 其方方面面

People, for instance, call the climate crisis man-made

比如大家都說氣候危機 是人為造成的

and while there were, indeed, humans behind it,

儘管的確是人類造成的

it's much less man-made and much more fossil-fuel-made.

但化石燃料的影響是多 過於人為造成

It's made possible by the exploitation of coal, oil and gas

開採碳油和天然氣 促使危機產生的可能

and the profit-driven economic systems behind it.

其背後則是圖利 的經濟體系

Calling the climate crisis man-made implies it's an accident of human nature,

稱氣候危機是人為造成 意味著一場人性的意外

whereas it's actually a relatively small group of people

可實際上卻相對有 一小群群眾

in just a few places around the world,

就在世界各地極少數地方

the fossil fuel industries, their marketing

在化石燃料企業和 他們的交易市場

and their political supporters.

以及他們政治支持者們

The fossil fuel industry itself is also a powerhouse of fairy tales.

化石燃料工業本身也是 童話故事的發電所

Fifty years ago,

十五年前

they knew that their business would lead us into a climate disaster.

他們了解其行業 會讓我們陷入氣候危機

Back then in the '70s and the '80s and the '90s,

回到七零年代和 八零以及九零年代

they had the chance to use that knowledge

他們有這機會運用所知

to introduce a transition to renewable energies.

介紹一種再生能源的轉換

They decided not to.

他們決定不這樣做

And instead, they started telling fairy tales.

反之開始說起童話故事

They started campaigns to mislead people.

他們開始發起誤導人類 的活動

They denied their own climate science that they did themselves.

他們否定他們本身 實行的氣候科學

And by that, they stole our very first historic chance to act from us.

也就這樣，他們偷走來自 我們最初的歷史性時機去行動

So now, for many lives, it's already too late.

所以今日對於許多生命 已為時已晚了

The droughts, the fires and floods are all happening already in 2022.

2022年已發生旱災 火災和水災

No place is safe anymore.

沒有一個地方是安全的

So as the catastrophes can no longer be denied,

所以當災難不能避免時

fossil fuel industries have again started telling new fairy tales,

化石燃料企業又再次 開始說起新的童話故事

and this time they present themselves as part of the solution.

這時他們為自己展現出 會解決問題的一份子

They call it transition.

他們稱之轉換

They promise innovations.

他們保證創新

They speak of green growth.

他們提起綠色增長

And it sounds wonderful.

聽起來很棒

It is powerful too.

也夠強大

People really want to believe that this time,

此時大家的確想去相信

the Equinors, the Totals, the Shells and all the others,

挪威國家，道達爾石油 荷蘭殼牌和其他家

this time, they will not steal another chance to act from us, right?

此時他們不會偷走我們 另一時機去行動，對吧

I would like to believe that too.

我也想相信

But I cannot, for two very simple truths.

但是我無法 基於兩個非常簡單真相

Number one,

第一項

we do not have time for any more delay.

我們沒有時間去拖延了

So whoever tells us that they will just need some more time

因此無論是誰告訴我們 他們需要的只是更多時間

does not understand the very basic logic of the crisis we are in.

是無法理解我們身處危機 最基本的邏輯

Back in Hamburg when I was in school,

回到當我在漢堡念書

we would get 90 minutes to finish a math exam.

我們會有九十分鐘完成 一項數學測驗

The fossil fuel industry is, in a way, taking that very exam right now.

化石燃料企業，某種程度 現在正是在應試中

But instead of 90 minutes,

不過並非九十分鐘

they tell us they will finish in nine years.

他們告訴我們會在 九年內完成

Back in school, that attitude would have got me failing my assignments.

回到校內，這種態度會 讓我作業不及格

And the second truth is,

而第二項事實是

and that's the simple equation behind the climate crisis,

在氣候危機背後有一項 簡易的方程式

to limit global heating to 1.5 degrees,

全球熱化限1.5度內

or as close as we can possibly get to that,

或盡可能接近我們能 達到的程度

there cannot to be any new fossil fuel explotation.

也不能再有任何新的 化石燃料開採

No single new project can be constructed.

沒有新計畫構思的徵兆

Yet, as we speak, fossil fuel industries are planning

不過就如我們所言 化石燃料企業正計畫

let alone 195 new mega-projects, so-called climate bombs,

遑論195項新大型 開發案，所謂氣候炸彈

each of them emitting more than one gigaton of CO2.

其每項排放二氧化碳量 超過一加侖

So as the wind turbines peacefully spin

因此當風力機平靜地 旋轉

[in] the TV commercials they present to us,

在他們所呈現給我們 的電視廣告中

fossil fuel industries are expanding everywhere around the world.

化石燃料企業正在 世界各處擴張中

And dancing on our chances to create anything like a climate justice world.

擺弄著我們的機會去 創造類似全球氣候正義

And after all, this isn't just about the climate.

畢竟這不僅攸關氣候

Back in Hamburg 30 years ago,

回到三十年前的漢堡

when my grandmother installed her first solar panel on the roof

當我祖母首次在屋頂 安裝太陽能電板

and people started talking of the German “Energiewende,”

大家就開始談到德文 ”能量轉型”

it was estimated that Germany could become energy independent.

估計德國會成為能源獨立

It didn't happen.

它沒有發生

Why?

為什麼?

Fossil fuel industries went ahead,

化石燃料企業著手進行

lobbied against environmental policies

對環境政策進行了遊說

and together with their political supporters,

連同他們的政治支持者

brought the energy transition in Germany almost to a complete halt.

將德國的能量轉換幾乎 帶往全面停工的狀態

More than 100,000 jobs were lost in the solar industry alone,

光太陽能工業就超過 十萬個職業消失

and as the energy transition slowed down,

而當能源轉換減慢

Germany imported more fossil fuels from Russia than any other country.

德國從俄國進口遠比 其他國家多的化石燃料

And now we watch

現在我們則關注

as Vladimir Putin invades Ukraine.

普丁侵略烏克蘭

Made possible by a fossil fuel war machinery

促成了一場化石燃料 戰爭機器

and paid for by countries like Germany.

而如德國這樣的國家 為此付出代價

Fossil fuels don't only take lives and livelihoods

化石燃料不僅奪取 性命和生計

and destroy our climate.

也會破壞氣候

They empower autocrats everywhere to start wars, to threaten democracies,

他們授權給各地獨裁者 發動戰爭脅迫民主國家

and to threaten energy systems in places like Germany

亦威脅擁有能量體系的 地方如德國

and across the globe onto their knees.

並將觸角延伸至全球

I grew up in a world where fossil fuels, one way or the other,

無論如何，我在有化石 燃料的世界中長大

would protect our democracies, our economies and our peace.

其會保護我們民主政體 經濟和和平

Yet the truth is,

然而真相是

in the 21st century,

在二十一世紀

we need to understand fossil fuels

我們必須了解化石燃料

as a single great threat to our democracies,

是一項嚴重威脅我們 民主政體

our economies, and our peace.

經濟和和平的信號

So what can be the role of fossil fuel industries in the 21st century?

所以化石燃料企業在 21世紀能扮演哪種角色

To the fossil fuel executives, the boards,

對於化石燃料的 管理階層,董事會

the shareholders and everyone attached,

股東還有所涉及到的 每個人

the messages are quite simple:

訊息相當簡單:

stop expanding fossil fuels

停止擴展化石燃料

and stop lying to us about that.

停止對我們說謊

Yet maybe we shouldn't trust those messages to reach the right people

不過也許我們不應相信 訊息會傳達給適合的人

in the short amount of time we have left.

在我們已不在的短短歲月

So there are other messages for everyone else.

因此這有給其他每個人 的訊息

Number one,

第一

if fossil fuel industries don't listen

如果化石燃料企業不願 傾聽

when people and science tell them to get out of fossil fuels,

當大家和科學告知他們 要放棄化石燃料

they should not be listened to

不應該聽見的是

when they tell us more fairy tales about wanting to be part of the solution.

當我們被告知更多關於 童話成為解決方案一部分

Number two,

第二

if fossil fuel industries don't stop the destruction of livelihoods,

如果化石燃料企業不去 停止生計破壞

especially in the most affected places,

特別是在受影響之深 的地區

they need to be stopped by us.

他們需要由我們來制止

And number three,

而第三

if fossil fuel industries get to make the rules

假如化石燃料企業 能夠開始制定規則

about the transition we so desperately need,

關於我們極其所需轉換

we will not get that transition.

我們將不會取得此轉換

These rules will have to be made by the people

這些規定必定由大眾 去制定

so they can ever be just and ever be on time.

所以它們可以是非常 立即性和及時性的

And they will have to be informed by the science

它們必定將由科學 來告知

that luckily today tells us everything that we need to know.

現今幸運地由其告知 我們需要了解的一切

So this is a call for the people everywhere,

所以這是對各地 人們的呼喚

for the normal people to stop their normal lives

是對正常的人停止他們 的常態生活

and start beginning to build a new tomorrow

開始著手建立新的明天

so that at some point we can have a new normal again.

因此在某些時候我們 可以再有一種新常態

That new tomorrow,

此新的明天

it won't be built for those who have brought us into this entire mess,

不會為那些將我們陷入 整個混亂之中的人創建

whom we have no reason to trust

這些人我們沒必要相信

and who wish to sit at the same table as we do,

還有希望與我們 平起平坐的人

but will never sit at our side.

卻不曾與我們同一陣線

It will be built for everyone else.

明天是為每個人建立的

It will put people over profits

它將人類擺在利益之上

and lives over fossil fuels.

而生命優於化石燃料

It will be just,

就此成為了

and it will be safe after all.

依舊是安全的

So I'd say, let's get to work.

因此我想說 一同著手進行

Thank you.

謝謝

(Applause)

(鼓掌)