The Billion-Dollar Campaign to Electrify Transport | Monica Araya | TED Countdown

翻译人员: George Sze 校对人员: Cissy Yun

Chris Anderson: A year go at global Countdown's virtual launch,

克里斯·安德森（Chris Anderson）： 距“倒计时计划”全球开幕日已过一年，

Monica Araya, who, among many other things,

莫妮卡·阿拉亚， ClimateWorks 基金会的杰出研究员，

is a distinguished fellow at the ClimateWorks Foundation,

she shared news of a campaign

她曾与我们分享了一项倡议：

to take on the massive emissions

如何应对全球汽车、 卡车和巴士等车辆的大量尾气排放。

from the world's cars, trucks and buses, etc.

And we have an exciting update that we want to share with you.

今天，我们有一些激动人心的新进展 想要与大家分享。

Monica, welcome here to the Countdown stage.

莫妮卡，欢迎来到 Countdown 的舞台。

Monica Araya: Thank you.

莫妮卡·阿拉亚（Monica Araya）： 谢谢。

It's so great to be here, and so great to see you in person.

很高兴来到这里， 也很高兴见到你本人。

(Applause)

（掌声）

CA: So look, you're up against a vast industry.

克：你们面对是一个庞大的产业。

I mean, there are more than a billion polluting vehicles out there.

污染车辆的数目超过了 10 亿。

How on Earth can you attempt system change at that scale?

你们到底如何在这样的规模上 开展系统变革的？

MA: Well, that is the point that, because of the scale

莫：关键点是，

考虑到变革的目标规模和速度，

and because of the speed

that we need to inject into this transformation,

we have to work with all the levers of change simultaneously.

我们必须同时利用所有的变革杠杆。

That's the key point.

这就是关键点。

So, cities, we have to engage with cities.

所以，我们必须与城市打交道。

That's great.

效果很好。

Not enough.

但还不够。

We have to engage with politicians.

我们还要与政治家打交道。

We have to engage with the companies themselves.

我们还要去与那些公司接洽。

We have to create business coalitions.

我们要建立商业联盟。

And we also have to empower citizens so that they play their act.

我们还必须动员民众， 充分发挥他们的作用。

Ultimately, we know that we have to create political space

最后，我们还要创造政治土壤，

for stricter regulations for policy.

出台更严格的相关政策法规。

So that is something we are doing right now.

这些都是我们正在做的事情。

CA: In a sense, these aren't separate initiatives.

克：从某种意义上说， 这些举措不是独立的。

They all build on each other?

不同举措之间都互相依赖？

MA: Exactly.

莫：没错。

So think about an automaker.

以汽车制造商为例。

Maybe we have some in the room.

可能在座的就有从事这个的。

So you're not going to give up your profits just like this.

汽车制造商不会轻易放弃自己的利润。

But.

但是，

If you hear that so many cities start saying

作为汽车制造商， 如果你听到很多城市开始提倡

no more petrol and diesel cars are going to circulate in our streets;

街道上将不会再有汽油和柴油汽车；

and you hear the politicians saying

你也听见政客开始说，

that life is going to get more difficult for fossil fuels;

化石燃料会使 我们的生活变得更加困难；

and you turn on the TV and you see millions of people saying,

打开电视，你又看到数百万人在说，

you know, we’re angry about the products that you’re making;

他们对你生产的产品感到愤怒；

and you look at the demand

你看看下游的需求，

and you look at companies that are saying,

再看看许多的公司 向你呼喊着：

"You know what? We're switching.

“你知道吗？我们正在转型。

It's working. We're saving money."

转型真的有用。我们节省了开支。”

Then you have to act.

然后，你就会考虑转型了。

CA: But how could you take on all these agendas at once?

克：但是你们怎么做到的 同时开展所有这些举措呢？

MA: That's the point.

莫：这是个重点。

You can't do just one thing,

你不能孤立地只做某一件事，

or you can't just expect one single organization to do this.

也不能只期望单个组织来做这些事。

So this is the exciting news.

所以令人兴奋的消息就是：

A group of over 70 -- seven, zero -- organizations are coming together,

我们正在创建一个 包含着 70 个团体的联盟

creating a coalition, a global campaign,

并开展全球性运动，

we call it Drive Electric, and it's already shaking things up.

我们称之为 Drive Electric（电动出行）， 它已经呼之欲出了。

CA: How so?

克：怎么说？

MA: Well, the best thing would be to give you one example from this year.

莫：给你举一个今年的例子。

So partners of this coalition

联盟的伙伴做了一项了不起的工作，

have done an amazing job persuading the European Commission

他们说服欧盟委员会提出提案，

to propose that after 2035,

2035 年之后不再销售汽油和柴油汽车。

there will be no more sales of petrol and diesel cars.

And this alone was unthinkable two years ago.

而这在两年前是无法想象的。

And even though I mentioned in Europe,

尽管我只提到了欧洲，

the progress is happening from China to California, everything in between,

但从中国到加利福尼亚， 这样的工作都在发生着，

之间的所有国家， 小国也不例外。

including the small countries.

CA: So Monica, what’s the overall goal of the Drive Electric campaign?

克：那么莫妮卡， Drive Electric 运动的总目标是什么呢？

MA: Well, we have to persuade the world to do exactly what I just mentioned,

莫：我们要说服全世界 都像我刚才提到的那样去做，

and actually in some cities and some countries,

实际上，在某些城市或国家，

you can actually go faster.

这个进程可以推进得更快。

And the point is that we need to set these timelines,

关键是我们需要设定时间线，

make it normal, you know.

使其常态化。

Say, after this year, say, 2035,

比如说在今年之后， 或者比如说 2035 年，

we're not going to sell more petrol and diesel cars.

我们将不再销售更多的汽油和柴油汽车。

And now our campaign works with all segments.

我们的活动适用于所有细分市场。

So we say, buses 2030, trucks 2040.

我们设想巴士目标定在是 2030 年， 卡车则是 2040 年。

And if we want to get there,

如果我们想达到目标，

if we say we have to be here by 2035,

如果要在 2035 年达到目标，

then the next five years are so critical.

接下来的五年就非常关键。

So that is what we have to achieve.

这就是我们必须要做到的。

You know, we have to get to these mark and tipping point.

我们必须实现这些阶段目标和转折点。

CA: But just to play devil's advocate there.

克：让我先唱一个黑脸。

MA: I know you like to do that.

莫：我知道你总是爱这样。

CA: Well, you know. MA: It's OK.

克：哈哈，你知道。 莫：没关系。

CA: Wouldn't some people say

克：有些人不是说

that actually were kind of already at that tipping point?

实际上已经到了转折点了吗？

And that in a sense,

从某种意义上说，

the move to electrification is already inevitable?

电气化已是大势所趋？

MA: Thank you,

莫：谢谢你，

because that's a very important question.

这是一个非常重要的问题。

You know, it reflects that we're making progress,

这说明我们正在取得进展，

and that's a good thing.

这是件好事。

So somebody could say, well, you know,

所以有人会说，

let's take Tesla, you know, super pioneering,

拿特斯拉举例吧， 它可以说是超级开创性的，

deserves a lot of credit.

非常值得称赞。

And yet if we look at our partners,

但我们的组织伙伴，

early on, they advocated the very policies

他们很早就主张一些政策

to promote early adoption of electric vehicles.

以提高电动汽车早期的大众接受度。

So timing is everything.

所以时间很重要。

We cannot waste any time.

我们不能浪费一分一秒。

So if you look at the progress we’re making, yes, it’s there,

如果你看看我们的进展， 是的，确实是有效果的，

and yet, only one percent of the global stock of cars and trucks

然而，全球汽车和卡车库存中 目前只有 1% 是电动的。

is electric right now.

So we have to keep that in mind and also, you know,

我们必须牢记这一点，

coming from a developing country myself, Costa Rica, as you know,

我本人来自一个发展中国家， 哥斯达黎加，

I would not say that in the global South, this is already inevitable.

在南半球，我现在还不能夸下海口 说电动出行是必然事实。

In fact, when you look at some industry projections,

实际上，当你关注一些行业预测时，

you still find that at least some companies see

你仍然会发现， 还是有一些公司预测

a lot of fossil fuel cars in their future up to 2050.

在 2050 年之前， 化石燃料汽车仍会大量存在。

CA: OK, so if that's still happening in 2050, we're screwed.

克：好的。所以如果 2050 年 预测成真，我们就完蛋了。

So the goal of the campaign is basically to accelerate that by how much?

因此，活动的目标基本上是 将去化石燃料进程加速多少？

MA: So here's the point.

莫：这也是关键点。

The campaign in the next year

明年的运动

is going to accelerate this 20 years,

将加速这 20 年，

Twenty years, make it happen faster.

在这 20 年内， 让去化石燃料更快地发生。

And we calculate that --

根据我们的计算——

I know you like the numbers --

我知道你喜欢数字——

(CA laughs)

（克里斯的笑声）

So we calculate that doing that faster will save the planet

根据我们的计算， 加快进度将相当于帮地球减排

160 gigatons of CO2 equivalent.

1600 亿吨二氧化碳。

CA: Wow. 160 billion tons of CO2.

克：哇哦。 那就是 1600 亿吨二氧化碳。

On my maths,

根据我的数学计算，

that's more than three years' worth of humanity's entire emissions,

这比全人类三年的排放量还要多，

excess emissions.

超额排放量。

So that's a huge, huge number.

这真是一个很大很大的数字。

But, look, you're up against

但是，你所面对的产业，

industries that are, you know,

getting trillions of dollars of revenue annually.

每年收入达数万亿美元。

How can your coalition possibly take that on?

针对这么大规模的产业， 你的联盟怎么开展工作？

MA: Well, there is opposition, and the more progress we make,

莫：嗯，会有反对的声音。 我们取得的进展越多，

the more the opposition gets activated.

反对派就越活跃。

So that's why we're saying Drive Electric is the most ambitious coalition

所以我们才说， Drive Electric 是我们领域内

and campaign in our space ever undertaken.

有史以来最雄心勃勃的联盟和运动。

And what we need to make sure is that we grow it,

我们力图好好发展 Drive Electric，

we grow the partners and we secure funding for what they do

我们发展合作伙伴， 为他们的工作提供资金保障，

because they are playing a key role

因为他们在当地发挥着关键作用，

in their geographies, playing all these levers.

所有提到的杠杆作用。

So we have to make sure they get the resources to work on the ground.

因此，我们必须保障他们 实地工作所需的资源。

CA: So you’re raising money, not just for ClimateWorks

克：所以你在筹集资金， 不仅是为 ClimateWorks 基金会，

but for all of these partners.

也是为了所有这些合作伙伴。

莫：是的。

MA: Yes.

克：数额是多少？

CA: How much is it going to take?

莫：接下来的五年， 大约是 10 亿美元。

MA: For the next five years, roughly one billion dollars.

CA: I mean, Monica, as you know,

克：我想，莫妮卡，

when I when first heard that number,

当我第一次听到这个数字，

I said, “No way.”

我会说，“不可能。”

I mean, you're looking for this from philanthropists.

我的意思是，这么多资金， 你要从慈善家那里寻取。

There's no precedent for that.

这是没有先例的。

And yet this is kind of where the exciting news comes in,

然而，下面就是令人兴奋的消息，

because ...

因为……

Drive Electric and TED and Countdown

Drive Electric、TED 和 Countdown，

and a coalition of visionary donors called the Audacious Project

以及 Audacious Project 中 有远见的捐助者联盟

have been working together on this,

一直在为此共同努力，

and just a few weeks ago, something kind of amazing happened.

就在几周前， 发生了一件惊人的事情。

We were able to secure a commitment from them for how much?

我们能从他们那里 获得多少承诺资金来着？

MA: 300 million dollars.

莫：3 亿美元。

(Applause)

（掌声）

CA: This was really exciting,

克：这真的很令人兴奋，

and it builds on a couple hundred million

而且这是建立在，

already committed by the founding donors of Drive Electric,

Drive Electric 的创始捐助者 已经承诺捐助数亿美元的基础上，

so that we're already over halfway to your billion-dollar goal, right?

所以 10 亿美元的目标， 我们已经完成了一半，对吧？

So how is this? How does this feel?

所以这怎么样？感觉如何？

Where are you now?

是不是兴奋的忘乎所以？

MA: It's electrifying.

莫：这消息真的电到我了。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

But I mean, I know there partners are here,

我知道有合作伙伴在现场，

I can see where they are sitting,

我可以从基金会 知道他们坐的位置，

from foundations,

I’m sure Anthony’s somewhere here.

我知道安东尼就在现场。

We are so excited because we have come to a point

我们非常兴奋， 因为我们已经知道

where we know this campaign is unstoppable.

这场运动势不可挡。

And in short, you know,

简而言之，

we are going to make sure that all of this gets translated

我们将确保所有这些资产

into all these strategies that we have to deploy

都投入到关键地区所部署的策略中去。

in the key geographies.

And, think about the fact that this is happening

并且，这事正好发生在 COP （联合国气候变化大会）召开前夕。

just as we move to COP.

So that is also very good news.

所以这也是好消息的一方面。

CA: And everyone in this room can actually play a part.

克：这里的每个人都可以实际参与进来。

Or indeed, if you're watching online.

或者你是线上观众，也可以的。

If you live in a city,

如果你住在城市，

please advocate to create and expand a green zone

请支持创建和扩大 电动汽车专属的绿色区域，

where only electric vehicles are welcome.

If you work in government,

如果你在政府部门工作，

raise your level of ambition.

请提高你们的政治抱负水平。

Ignore the fossilized lobbyists.

不要在意那些僵化的化石说客。

This is a winning political issue for you.

这会成为你政治上的一个成功点。

MA: If you are a citizen,

莫：如果你是一名普通居民，

consider not buying an internal-combustion car.

请考虑别买内燃机车。

And why not share it?

并宣传这一理念。

Share it with friends,

向你的朋友宣传，

share it in your social media.

在社交媒体上宣传。

If you are a creative,

如果你是内容创作者，

if you are an influencer, if you're an artist, help us.

是网红，是艺术家， 请帮助我们。

We need to find new and better ways of telling the story.

我们需要探索新的、更好的方式 来讲述这个故事。

CA: And finally, if you work for a company

克：最后，如果你工作在一家

that makes or uses cars, trucks,

制造或使用汽车、卡车、

motorized vehicles of any kind,

任何类型机动车辆的公司，

do what you can to urge them to get on the right side of history.

请尽量敦促他们 站在历史正确的一边。

I mean, Monica, what do you think, can we actually do this?

莫妮卡，你怎么看， 我们真的能做到吗？

MA: Yes, we have to work together, go faster.

莫：能。 我们要共同努力，加快进程。

And let me finish by saying this.

最后我还要说，

This campaign is about changing transportation,

这是一项旨在变革交通的运动，

with all the benefits that that brings to people and the planet.

会让全人类和地球受益。

And yet,

并且，

it is also about showing how systems change works in practice

它还涉及展示 系统变革的实际运作方式，

and making sure it happens everywhere else.

以及确保变革的全球性。

So let's do it.

所以让我们行动起来吧。

CA: Thank you, Monica.

克：谢谢你，莫妮卡。

Thank you, everyone.

谢谢大家。

(Applause)

（掌声）