The Billion-Dollar Campaign to Electrify Transport | Monica Araya | TED Countdown

譯者: Lilian Chiu 審譯者: Helen Chang

Chris Anderson: A year go at global Countdown's virtual launch,

克里斯·安德森：一年前，

在「倒數」的全球虛擬發表會上，

Monica Araya, who, among many other things,

莫妮卡·艾拉亞

有許多角色，包括 氣候工作基金會的傑出會員，

is a distinguished fellow at the ClimateWorks Foundation,

she shared news of a campaign

她帶來了關於一個活動的消息，

to take on the massive emissions

旨在對抗

全世界汽車、卡車、

from the world's cars, trucks and buses, etc.

公車的大量排放。

And we have an exciting update that we want to share with you.

現在有很讓人興奮的

新消息要跟大家分享。

Monica, welcome here to the Countdown stage.

莫妮卡，歡迎來到「倒數」的舞台。

Monica Araya: Thank you.

莫妮卡：謝謝。很高興 能來這裡和你親自見面。

It's so great to be here, and so great to see you in person.

(Applause)

（掌聲）

CA: So look, you're up against a vast industry.

克里斯：你在對抗的是龐大的產業。

I mean, there are more than a billion polluting vehicles out there.

世界上有至少十億台 會造成污染的車輛。

How on Earth can you attempt system change at that scale?

你要如何嘗試做這麼 大規模的制度變革？

MA: Well, that is the point that, because of the scale

莫妮卡：那就是重點， 因為那樣的規模，

and because of the speed

因為那樣的速度，

that we need to inject into this transformation,

要能和這個變革能夠結合，

we have to work with all the levers of change simultaneously.

我們得要同時整合所有的變革手段。

That's the key point.

那就是重點。

So, cities, we have to engage with cities.

所以，城市，

我們得和城市連結。

That's great.

那很棒。還不夠。

Not enough.

We have to engage with politicians.

我們得和政治人物連結。 我們得和企業本身連結。

We have to engage with the companies themselves.

We have to create business coalitions.

我們得創造商業聯盟。

And we also have to empower citizens so that they play their act.

我們也得賦權給公民， 讓他們盡他們的心力。

Ultimately, we know that we have to create political space

最終，我們得要創造出政治空間，

for stricter regulations for policy.

針對政策做更嚴格的規定。

So that is something we are doing right now.

那正是我們目前在做的。

CA: In a sense, these aren't separate initiatives.

克里斯：在某種意義上， 這些計畫不是分開的。

They all build on each other?

它們建立在彼此之上？

MA: Exactly.

莫妮卡：沒錯。

So think about an automaker.

以汽車製造業者為例。

Maybe we have some in the room.

也許在座就有。

So you're not going to give up your profits just like this.

你不可能就這樣放棄你的利潤。

But.

但，

If you hear that so many cities start saying

如果你聽到許多城市都開始說

no more petrol and diesel cars are going to circulate in our streets;

我們的街上不會再有 汽油車和柴油車行駛；

and you hear the politicians saying

聽到政治人物說

that life is going to get more difficult for fossil fuels;

化石燃料將來的日子會很辛苦；

and you turn on the TV and you see millions of people saying,

且，打開電視，你看到

數百萬人在說，我們對你 製造的產品感到憤怒；

you know, we’re angry about the products that you’re making;

and you look at the demand

你看著需求，

and you look at companies that are saying,

公司也說：「你知道嗎？ 我們決定要換了，

"You know what? We're switching.

行得通，我們能省到錢。」

It's working. We're saving money."

Then you have to act.

那麼，你就得採取行動了。

CA: But how could you take on all these agendas at once?

克里斯：但你要如何 一次做這麼多計畫？

MA: That's the point.

莫妮卡：那就是重點了， 不能只做一件事，也不能期待

You can't do just one thing,

or you can't just expect one single organization to do this.

單一個組織會去做這些。

So this is the exciting news.

這是個讓人興奮的消息。

A group of over 70 -- seven, zero -- organizations are coming together,

總共超過七十個——70——

組織要集結起來，

creating a coalition, a global campaign,

組成一個聯盟，一個全球性的活動，

we call it Drive Electric, and it's already shaking things up.

我們稱它為「駕駛電動」，

且它已經開始有影響力了。

CA: How so?

克里斯：怎麼說？

MA: Well, the best thing would be to give you one example from this year.

莫妮卡：最好用今年的例子來說明。

So partners of this coalition

這個聯盟的合作夥伴

have done an amazing job persuading the European Commission

做到很不簡單的事，

說服了歐洲聯盟委員會

to propose that after 2035,

提出要做到

在 2035 年之後

there will be no more sales of petrol and diesel cars.

不會再銷售汽油車和柴油車。

And this alone was unthinkable two years ago.

光這一點，在兩年前 就完全無法想像。

And even though I mentioned in Europe,

雖然我提到的是歐洲，

the progress is happening from China to California, everything in between,

其實從中國到加州 之間各地都有進展，

including the small countries.

連小國家都包括在內。

CA: So Monica, what’s the overall goal of the Drive Electric campaign?

克里斯：莫妮卡，「駕駛電動」 活動的總體目標是什麼？

MA: Well, we have to persuade the world to do exactly what I just mentioned,

莫妮卡：我們得說服全世界

去做我剛才提到的事，

and actually in some cities and some countries,

且某些城市及某些國家 進行的速度可以更快。

you can actually go faster.

And the point is that we need to set these timelines,

重點是我們要把時間表訂出來，

make it normal, you know.

讓它變成常態。

Say, after this year, say, 2035,

比如，今年之後，

比如，2035 年，

we're not going to sell more petrol and diesel cars.

我們不會再銷售汽油車和柴油車。

And now our campaign works with all segments.

現在我們的活動和各領域都有合作。

So we say, buses 2030, trucks 2040.

我們會說，公車的目標，2030 年，

卡車的目標，2040 年。

And if we want to get there,

如果我們想要達到目標，

if we say we have to be here by 2035,

如果我們想要 在 2035 年做到這樣，

then the next five years are so critical.

接下來的五年就非常關鍵。

So that is what we have to achieve.

這是我們要去達成的， 我們得做到這些

You know, we have to get to these mark and tipping point.

成果和轉折點。

CA: But just to play devil's advocate there.

克里斯：讓我唱一下反調。 莫妮卡：我知道你喜歡這樣。

MA: I know you like to do that.

克里斯：你知道的。 莫妮卡：沒關係。

CA: Well, you know. MA: It's OK.

CA: Wouldn't some people say

克里斯：不會有些人說，

that actually were kind of already at that tipping point?

我們已經在轉折點了嗎？

And that in a sense,

在某種層面上， 走向電動化是必然的？

the move to electrification is already inevitable?

MA: Thank you,

莫妮卡：謝謝你，因為

because that's a very important question.

這是個非常重要的問題。

You know, it reflects that we're making progress,

它反映出我們有所進展，

and that's a good thing.

那是好事。

So somebody could say, well, you know,

有人可能會說，嗯，

let's take Tesla, you know, super pioneering,

以特斯拉為例，超級有開創性，

deserves a lot of credit.

很多功勞要歸它。

And yet if we look at our partners,

但，如果看看我們的合作夥伴，

early on, they advocated the very policies

早期，

他們擁護政策，

to promote early adoption of electric vehicles.

推動早期電動車的採用。 時間點就是一切。

So timing is everything.

We cannot waste any time.

我們不能浪費任何時間。

So if you look at the progress we’re making, yes, it’s there,

所以，如果要說我們的進展， 是的，的確有，

and yet, only one percent of the global stock of cars and trucks

然而目前全球的 汽車和卡車當中只有 1%

is electric right now.

是電動車。

So we have to keep that in mind and also, you know,

我們不能忘了這一點，且，

coming from a developing country myself, Costa Rica, as you know,

我自己來自開發中國家， 哥斯大黎加，

I would not say that in the global South, this is already inevitable.

我不會說在南營（開發中國家） 這個趨勢是必然的。

In fact, when you look at some industry projections,

其實從某些產業的預測數字來看，

you still find that at least some companies see

仍然會發現至少有一些公司認為

a lot of fossil fuel cars in their future up to 2050.

2050 年之前它們的未來 仍然需要很多化石燃料汽車。

CA: OK, so if that's still happening in 2050, we're screwed.

克里斯：如果 2050 年 還這樣，我們就完了。

So the goal of the campaign is basically to accelerate that by how much?

所以，活動在這方面的目標 是加速到什麼程度？

MA: So here's the point.

莫妮卡：重點來了。

The campaign in the next year

明年的活動會把時程加速二十年，

is going to accelerate this 20 years,

Twenty years, make it happen faster.

提早二十年實現。

And we calculate that --

我們計算——

我知道你喜歡數據——（克里斯笑）

I know you like the numbers --

(CA laughs)

So we calculate that doing that faster will save the planet

我們計算出，

若能加快二十年，能幫地球省下

160 gigatons of CO2 equivalent.

一千六百億公噸的二氧化碳當量。

CA: Wow. 160 billion tons of CO2.

克里斯：哇。一千六百億 公噸的二氧化碳

On my maths,

照我算起來，就是

that's more than three years' worth of humanity's entire emissions,

超過全人類三年的

總排放量，超額排放量。

excess emissions.

So that's a huge, huge number.

那是個很大的數字。

But, look, you're up against

但，你在對抗的

industries that are, you know,

這些產業

getting trillions of dollars of revenue annually.

每年的收益就有數兆美金。

How can your coalition possibly take that on?

你的聯盟怎麼對付得了？

MA: Well, there is opposition, and the more progress we make,

莫妮卡：有反對聲浪，

隨著我們有越多進展，

the more the opposition gets activated.

就會啟動更多反對聲浪。

So that's why we're saying Drive Electric is the most ambitious coalition

所以，

這就是為什麼我們說 「駕駛電動」是最有野心的

聯盟和活動，

and campaign in our space ever undertaken.

在我們的領域前所未見。

And what we need to make sure is that we grow it,

我們必須要確保能夠讓它成長，

we grow the partners and we secure funding for what they do

讓合作夥伴成長，取得資金

because they are playing a key role

供他們使用，因為他們在扮演……

在他們所屬的地區扮演關鍵角色，

in their geographies, playing all these levers.

有重要的作用，所以我們 要確保他們能取得資源，

So we have to make sure they get the resources to work on the ground.

在第一線努力。

CA: So you’re raising money, not just for ClimateWorks

克里斯：所以募款不只為了 「氣候工作」，也為了合作夥伴。

but for all of these partners.

莫妮卡：沒錯。 克里斯：要多少錢？

MA: Yes.

CA: How much is it going to take?

莫妮卡：接下來的五年 大概需要十億美金。

MA: For the next five years, roughly one billion dollars.

CA: I mean, Monica, as you know,

克里斯：莫妮卡，你知道，當我

when I when first heard that number,

初次聽到那個數字，

我說：「不可能。」

I said, “No way.”

I mean, you're looking for this from philanthropists.

你想向慈善家募到這樣的金額。

There's no precedent for that.

史無前例。

And yet this is kind of where the exciting news comes in,

但，此時就該來說個 讓人興奮的消息了，

because ...

因為……

Drive Electric and TED and Countdown

「駕駛電動」和 TED

and a coalition of visionary donors called the Audacious Project

以及「倒數」，還有……

一個有遠見的捐贈者聯盟 叫做「大膽計畫」，

have been working together on this,

一直合作致力於此，幾週前，

and just a few weeks ago, something kind of amazing happened.

發生了驚人的事。

We were able to secure a commitment from them for how much?

我們取得了

一個捐贈承諾，金額是多少？

MA: 300 million dollars.

莫妮卡：三億美金。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

CA: This was really exciting,

克里斯：這好讓人興奮，且還要加上

and it builds on a couple hundred million

already committed by the founding donors of Drive Electric,

「駕駛電動」的發起捐贈者 已經承諾的幾億美金，

so that we're already over halfway to your billion-dollar goal, right?

所以你的十億美金目標已經 達到超過一半了，對嗎？

所以如何？感覺如何？ 你現在有什麼感覺？

So how is this? How does this feel?

Where are you now?

莫妮卡：像通電一樣令人振奮。

MA: It's electrifying.

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

But I mean, I know there partners are here,

但，我知道有合作夥伴在這裡，

I can see where they are sitting,

我能看到他們坐在哪裡，

from foundations,

有來自基金會的人，

I’m sure Anthony’s somewhere here.

我相信安東尼在這裡的某處。

We are so excited because we have come to a point

我們很興奮，因為

到了此刻

where we know this campaign is unstoppable.

我們已經知道這個活動無人能擋。

And in short, you know,

簡言之，

we are going to make sure that all of this gets translated

我們要確保所有這些錢都會被轉換

into all these strategies that we have to deploy

成為所有這些

在關鍵地區必須要執行的策略，

in the key geographies.

And, think about the fact that this is happening

想想看，發生此事的同時

just as we move to COP.

我們也在朝巴黎氣候會議邁進。

So that is also very good news.

這是非常好的消息。

CA: And everyone in this room can actually play a part.

克里斯：且在這裡的 每個人都可以參與。

Or indeed, if you're watching online.

或者，如果你在線上觀看，

If you live in a city,

如果你住在城市裡，

please advocate to create and expand a green zone

請擁護「綠區」的建立和擴展，

where only electric vehicles are welcome.

也就是只歡迎電動車的區域。

If you work in government,

如果你在政府工作，

raise your level of ambition.

把你的野心再提升一點。

Ignore the fossilized lobbyists.

別理會遊說使用化石燃料的說客。

This is a winning political issue for you.

這是能讓你獲勝的政治議題。

MA: If you are a citizen,

莫妮卡：如果你是公民，

consider not buying an internal-combustion car.

考慮不要購買用內燃機的汽車。

And why not share it?

為什麼不分享這些資訊？

Share it with friends,

和朋友分享，

share it in your social media.

在你的社群媒體上分享。

If you are a creative,

如果你是創作者，

if you are an influencer, if you're an artist, help us.

如果你是網紅，如果你是藝術家，

幫幫我們，我們得要找到

We need to find new and better ways of telling the story.

新的、更好的方式來說故事。

CA: And finally, if you work for a company

克里斯：最後，如果僱用你的公司

that makes or uses cars, trucks,

製造或使用汽車、卡車，

motorized vehicles of any kind,

任何一種的用發動機的車輛，

do what you can to urge them to get on the right side of history.

盡你所能，慫恿他們

要站在歷史上對的那一邊。

I mean, Monica, what do you think, can we actually do this?

莫妮卡，你覺得呢？我們能做到嗎？

MA: Yes, we have to work together, go faster.

莫妮卡：能，我們得要

同心協力，加快速度。

And let me finish by saying this.

讓我用這段話作結。

This campaign is about changing transportation,

這個活動的重點是

要改變交通運輸，

with all the benefits that that brings to people and the planet.

對人類以及對地球有許多益處。

And yet,

但，

it is also about showing how systems change works in practice

這個活動也是在呈現在現實中 體制的改變會如何運作，

and making sure it happens everywhere else.

並確保在其他地方 也能實現。咱們來做吧！

So let's do it.

CA: Thank you, Monica.

克里斯：謝謝莫妮卡。也謝謝大家。

Thank you, everyone.

(Applause)

（掌聲）