Shweta Narayan: It's impossible to have healthy people on a sick planet | TED Countdown

翻译人员: Xinlin Liu 校对人员: Yip Yan Yeung

I grew up in Bokaro Steel City in eastern India,

我在印度东部的波卡罗钢市

（Bokaro Steel City）长大，

an industrial townships

这是一个工业城，

surrounded by power plants and steel smelters.

周围环绕着发电厂和炼钢厂。

One of my fondest memories as a child

我童年最美好的回忆之一

was to stare in the evenings at the beautiful orange skies

是在晚上凝视美丽的橙色天空

and flaring chimneys of the steel plant.

和钢厂燃烧的烟囱。

Little did I know at that time

当时我知之甚少，

that these were all classic signs of severe air pollution.

这些都是严重空气污染的典型迹象。

Cities like Bokaro were dubbed as the temples of modern India

像波卡罗市这样的城市 被称为现代印度的寺庙，

that propelled the country into the 21st century.

它们推动印度进入了 21 世纪。

I now work at the intersection of environment, health and justice.

我现在的工作是环境、 健康和正义的交集。

I've been in the space for nearly two decades,

我已经在这个领域将近二十年，

and my experience tells

我的经验告诉我，

that the negative impacts of industrialization

工业化的负面影响

have outweighed the good.

已经超过了其带来的好处。

I've also in my work come across several individuals and groups who,

我在工作中也遇到过 一些人和团体，

despite all odds,

尽管困难重重，

go beyond their call of duty to serve their communities.

他们会在本职工作外为社区服务。

I find health care professionals working in polluted places,

我发现有医疗保健专业人员 在被污染的地方工作，

as one such group who strive to do everything they can

他们是这样一群

为了保护病患和社区免受风险 而竭尽所能的人。

to protect their patients and communities from risk.

For example, Meena, a health worker from Korba district in central India.

例如，来自印度中部 科尔巴区（Korba）的

卫生工作者米娜（Meena）。

Her job is to provide maternal care to pregnant women.

她的工作是为孕妇提供产妇护理。

However, Meena lives in a region

然而，米娜住在一个

that is surrounded by coal and power plants

被煤炭厂和发电厂包围的地区，

and is considered among the top five critically polluted places in India.

是印度五大严重污染地区之一。

So Meena also gives advice

所以米娜也会给出

on how to protect the newborn children from the dangers of air pollution.

关于如何保护新生儿 免受空气污染危害的建议。

Meena and thousands of other health workers in India

米娜和印度及全世界的 数千名卫生工作者

and across the world

apply a concept that has been with us since at least the fifth century BC

都遵循着一个至少在公元前五世纪 就已经存在的概念。

when Hippocrates, the Greek physician,

当时的希腊医生希波克拉底

also considered as the father of modern medicine,

也被认为是现代医学之父，

wrote about the role of physicians in his book "Of the Epidemics."

他在《传染病学史》一书中 写到了医生的作用。

He said, and I quote,

我在这里引用他的话：

"The physician must be able to tell the antecedents,

“医生必须能够说出前因，

know the present and foretell the future.

了解现在并预测未来。

Must mitigate these things

在治疗疾病上，必须用两个 特殊的宗旨来缓解伤痛。

with two special objects in view with regard to disease.

Namely, to do good

这两个宗旨是，做好事， 或不造成伤害。”

or to do no harm."

The doctrine of "do no harm"

“不伤害”学说构成了 《希波克拉底誓言》的基础，

forms the basis of the Hippocratic Oath,

one of the oldest and most widely known codes of ethics.

这是最古老和最广为人知的 道德准则之一。

Now the recitation of the Hippocratic Oath may be symbolic today,

如今，背诵《希波克拉底誓言》 在今天可能具有象征意义，

but most health professionals adhere to it daily,

但大多数医护人员每天都在坚持，

as we have witnessed in the last two years of the COVID-19 crisis.

正如我们在过去两年 新冠疫情危机中所见证的那样。

I am here to make a case for two things --

我来这里是为了说明两件事——

placing health at the heart of climate solutions

将健康置于气候解决方案的核心，

and placing the philosophy of “first, do no harm”

并把“第一，不要伤害”的哲学理念

at the heart of all decisions beyond health,

作为健康之外的所有决定的核心，

including those taken by our CEOs and politicians.

这其中包括我们的CEO 和政客采取的措施。

(Applause)

（掌声）

Now let me be clear about one fact.

现在让我澄清一个事实。

The climate crisis is a health crisis.

气候危机是一场健康危机。

It threatens our air, water, food, shelter, security,

它威胁着我们的空气、 水、食物、住所、安全，

all the basics on which the human life depends.

人类生活所依赖的所有基本元素。

Burning of fossil fuels for electricity, heat or transport

燃烧化石燃料用于 电力、热力或运输

is a major driver for climate change

是气候变化的主要驱动力，

and a main contributor to air pollution.

也是空气污染的罪魁祸首。

Globally, air pollution causes

在全球范围内，空气污染导致

seven million premature deaths each year.

每年有 700 万人过早死亡。

That's 13 deaths every minute.

意味着每分钟就有 13 人死亡。

Way more than the death toll of COVID by the end of summer of 2021.

远远超过截至 2021 年 夏末的新冠死亡人数。

And the poor and the marginalized are more severely impacted.

穷人和边缘化群体 受到的影响更为严重。

Now extreme climate events not only threaten people’s health

现在极端气候事件 不仅威胁到人们的健康

but health care's own infrastructure and capacity to respond.

也威胁到了医保基础设施 及其应对能力。

The deadly floods of 2018 in Kerala, in India,

2018 年印度喀拉拉邦（Kerala）， 我居住的邦，发生了致命洪水，

the state that I live in,

forced hospitals to evacuate patients,

迫使医院疏散病人，

suspend surgeries and critical care.

暂停手术和重症监护。

Others faced power outages,

其他人面临停电，

many reported destruction of the entire stocks

多处上报，疫苗和医疗用品的 全部库存已被销毁。

of vaccines and medical supplies.

And similar experiences have been documented in other parts of the world.

类似的经历在世界 其他地方也曾有记载。

Now there’s also a paradox here, and with it an opportunity arises.

现在这里也有一个悖论， 随之而来的是一个机会。

While the health sector plays a central role

虽然卫生部门在应对气候 危机方面发挥着核心作用，

in responding to the climate crisis,

the sector itself contributes to nearly five percent

该行业本身

of the net global greenhouse gas emissions and growing.

造成了全球温室气体 净排放量和增长的近 5% 。

Health care professionals understand

医疗保健专业人员了解 自己气候足迹的严重性。

the seriousness of their own climate footprint.

In the last couple of years,

最近几年，

we have seen an enormous momentum within the sector

我们已经看到该行业内有

in charting a course towards transformative healthcare

制定医疗保健改革路线的大势头，

that starts with climate solutions.

从气候解决方案开始。

This momentum is guided by a zero-emissions,

这种势头是由零排放、

climate resilience, and health equity road map.

气候适应力和卫生公平 路线图所引导的。

For example, the state of Chhattisgarh in India

例如，印度的恰蒂斯加尔邦 （Chhattisgarh）

has solarized over 900 community health centers

已为 900 多个 社区卫生中心提供太阳能，

and pledged to attain 100 percent solarization

并承诺实现 100% 太阳能化 以提供能源，

to provide energy access,

thus anchoring the resilience of the community

从而巩固社区的适应力

and protecting the most vulnerable.

并保护最脆弱的人群。

Last year, India’s National Health Service

去年，英国国家医疗服务体系

began charting a course to zero emissions by 2045.

开始规划在 2045 年 前 实现零排放的路线。

This year,

今年，

40 institutions representing 3,000 hospitals in 18 countries

代表 18 个国家 3000 家医院的 40 家机构

followed suit

也效仿英国，

and worked with Health Care Without Harm to decarbonize health care --

并与无害医疗组织 （Health Care Without Harm）合作，

使医疗保健脱碳——

its buildings, its operations and supply chain --

医疗体系中的建筑、 运营和供应链——

in a race to zero.

都在向零排放冲刺。

Doctors for Clean Air and Climate Action

“医生为清洁的空气和气候”行动

(Doctors for Clean Air and Climate Action)

is mobilizing thousands of doctors across India

正在动员印度各地的数千名医生

on the issue of air pollution and health to advocate for better policies.

在空气污染和健康问题上 倡导更好的政策。

Time has come that we measure the advancement of our civilization

是时候通过健康指标 而不是财富指标

through the metric of health rather than metric of wealth.

来衡量我们文明的进步了。

But here also --

但这里也——

(Applause)

（掌声）

But here also lies one of our biggest roadblocks:

但这里也存在我们最大的障碍之一：

it is impossible to have healthy people on a sick planet.

一个生病的星球上 不可能有健康的人。

The blatant disregard for environment,

公然无视环境，

which is entrenched in our current economic and social models,

这在我们当前的经济 和社会模式中根深蒂固，

has pushed the natural world to its limits.

也将自然世界推向了极限。

Failure to ask basic questions like

一些未能提出基本问题，例如

who is this business decision going to harm,

这个商业决策会伤害谁，

or what is the impact of the current policy choice

或者，当前的政策选择会对

on the most marginalized

最边缘化的群体 或后代有什么影响，

or on the future generations

has brought us to this crisis.

这些问题已经带来了这场危机。

COVID-19 is a clear example of our broken relationship with nature.

新冠疫情是我们与自然 关系破裂的一个明显例子。

It has also shown the deep interconnections

它还显示了地球健康 与人类健康之间的深刻联系。

between the health of the planet and human health.

We need to urgently mend our relationship with the planet,

我们需要紧急修复 我们与地球的关系，

and this is where the principle of “first, do no harm” in decisions

这就使决策中 “第一，不要伤害”的原则

becomes critical.

变得至关重要。

Now let me clarify one point here because I don't want any ambiguity.

现在让我在这里澄清一点， 因为我不想有任何歧义。

When I say "do no harm,"

当我说“不要伤害”时，

I do not mean that we should not explore bold and courageous solutions.

我并不是说我们不要去 探索大胆的解决方案。

We desperately need to be innovative in the face of crisis.

面对危机，我们迫切需要创新。

But there is a lot of bad, wrongful,

但是有很多不好的、错误的、

harmful and unjust behavior that happens knowingly,

故意发生的有害和不公正的行为，

and that needs to stop.

它们必须停下！

(Applause)

（掌声）

The overarching theme of the Hippocratic oath

《希波克拉底誓言》的总思想，

is the idea that the individual who is reciting the pledge

是背诵誓言的人的想法，

is making a personal dedication to ethical and committed care

是对有道德和用心的关怀 做出个人奉献，

and putting their patients first.

并把他们的病人放在第一位。

In Korba, Meena embodies this philosophy.

在科尔巴，米娜展现了这种哲学。

She's doing her bit in protecting her community.

她正在尽自己的一份力量 保护她的社区。

However, that is not enough.

然而，这还不够。

The scale of challenges that we face today

我们今天面临的挑战的规模

demands that all of us, individually and collectively,

要求我们所有人， 不论是个人还是集体，

independently of our position, power, agency or resources

无关乎我们的职位、 权力、机构或资源，

adopt a similar dedication and commitment.

一起采取这样的奉献精神和投入。

And as a first step,

作为第一步，

we must all include the principle of doing no harm

我们都必须包括“不要伤害”原则

in all decisions, big and small, for all present and future actions,

于所有现在和未来行动的决定中， 无论决定大小，

and put the health of our planet and ours first.

始终把我们和 我们地球的健康放在首位。

Thank you.

谢谢。

(Applause)

（掌声）