Shweta Narayan: It's impossible to have healthy people on a sick planet | TED Countdown

譯者: Alexandra Peng 審譯者: Shelley Tsang 曾雯海

I grew up in Bokaro Steel City in eastern India,

我在東印度的博卡羅鋼鐵城長大

an industrial townships

一個工業小鎮

surrounded by power plants and steel smelters.

被發電廠和煉鋼廠圍繞著

One of my fondest memories as a child

我兒時最喜歡的回憶之一

was to stare in the evenings at the beautiful orange skies

是在傍晚盯著美麗的橘色天空

and flaring chimneys of the steel plant.

和鋼鐵廠正冒著煙的煙囪

Little did I know at that time

我那時還不太知道

that these were all classic signs of severe air pollution.

那都是嚴重空汙的典型跡象

Cities like Bokaro were dubbed as the temples of modern India

像博卡羅這樣的城市

被稱為現代印度的寺廟

that propelled the country into the 21st century.

推動國家進入21世紀

I now work at the intersection of environment, health and justice.

我正在環境與健康

和正義的交叉領域工作

I've been in the space for nearly two decades,

我在這領域已經將近二十年了

and my experience tells

經驗告訴我

that the negative impacts of industrialization

工業化的負面影響

have outweighed the good.

已經超越好的影響了

I've also in my work come across several individuals and groups who,

我在工作中也遇過幾個人和團體

despite all odds,

儘管困難重重

go beyond their call of duty to serve their communities.

仍超出工作職責去服務社區

I find health care professionals working in polluted places,

我找上在污染地區工作的

健康照護的專業人士

as one such group who strive to do everything they can

他們的團體致力於做任何事

to protect their patients and communities from risk.

以保護他們的病人及社區遠離風險

For example, Meena, a health worker from Korba district in central India.

例如，米娜是來自印度中部

科爾巴區的健康工作者

Her job is to provide maternal care to pregnant women.

她的職責是提供孕婦周產期護理

However, Meena lives in a region

然而，米娜卻住在一個

that is surrounded by coal and power plants

被包圍在煤炭和發電廠的區域

and is considered among the top five critically polluted places in India.

並被認為是印度

汙染最嚴重的地區前五名之一

So Meena also gives advice

所以米娜也給了建議

on how to protect the newborn children from the dangers of air pollution.

對於如何保護新生兒不受空汙危害

Meena and thousands of other health workers in India

米娜和來自印度

及世界各地的上千位健康工作者

and across the world

apply a concept that has been with us since at least the fifth century BC

應用了一個

至少公元前5世紀就存在的概念

when Hippocrates, the Greek physician,

希臘醫師希波克拉底

also considered as the father of modern medicine,

他被認為是醫學之父

wrote about the role of physicians in his book "Of the Epidemics."

他的《流行病》這本書中

提到醫師的角色

He said, and I quote,

我在此引用他的話

"The physician must be able to tell the antecedents,

醫者必須能講述前因後果

know the present and foretell the future.

知曉當下，預測未來

Must mitigate these things

必須透過兩個特殊的對象來

with two special objects in view with regard to disease.

減輕這些事情 就疾病而言

Namely, to do good

換句話說 即為善或不傷害

or to do no harm."

The doctrine of "do no harm"

不傷害的教義

forms the basis of the Hippocratic Oath,

構成希波克拉底誓言的基礎

one of the oldest and most widely known codes of ethics.

這是最古老和 最廣為人知的道德規範

Now the recitation of the Hippocratic Oath may be symbolic today,

現今背誦希波克拉底誓言 或許很有象徵性

but most health professionals adhere to it daily,

但大多的健康專業人士 每天堅持這個誓言

as we have witnessed in the last two years of the COVID-19 crisis.

正如我們所見證 過去兩年的新冠肺炎危機

I am here to make a case for two things --

我在這裡要說明兩件事

placing health at the heart of climate solutions

將健康置於解決氣候方案的核心

and placing the philosophy of “first, do no harm”

而比起健康 更要將「首要不傷害」哲理

at the heart of all decisions beyond health,

放置於所有決定的核心

including those taken by our CEOs and politicians.

包含那些由執行長 和政客們所做的決定

(Applause)

(掌聲)

Now let me be clear about one fact.

讓我澄清一個事實

The climate crisis is a health crisis.

氣候危機就是健康危機

It threatens our air, water, food, shelter, security,

威脅到我們的空氣 水源、食物、住所及安全

all the basics on which the human life depends.

都是人類生活的基本需求

Burning of fossil fuels for electricity, heat or transport

燃燒用於發電 加熱或運輸的化石燃料

is a major driver for climate change

是氣候變遷的主要驅動力

and a main contributor to air pollution.

也是空氣汙染的主要原因

Globally, air pollution causes

全球性的空氣汙染導致

seven million premature deaths each year.

每年7百萬人提早死亡

That's 13 deaths every minute.

而每分鐘有13人死去

Way more than the death toll of COVID by the end of summer of 2021.

到2021的夏末 遠遠超過新冠肺炎的死亡人數

And the poor and the marginalized are more severely impacted.

窮人和被邊緣的人 受到更嚴重的影響

Now extreme climate events not only threaten people’s health

現在極端氣候事件 不僅威脅人們的健康

but health care's own infrastructure and capacity to respond.

還威脅到醫療保健 自身的基礎設施和應對能力

The deadly floods of 2018 in Kerala, in India,

印度喀拉拉邦，我所居住的州

the state that I live in,

2018年的致命洪水

forced hospitals to evacuate patients,

迫使醫院疏散病患

suspend surgeries and critical care.

暫停手術及重症照護

Others faced power outages,

其他也面臨到斷電

many reported destruction of the entire stocks

許多報導說疫苗和

of vaccines and medical supplies.

醫療用品的庫存全部報廢

And similar experiences have been documented in other parts of the world.

類似的經驗 在世界其他地區也曾被記載

Now there’s also a paradox here, and with it an opportunity arises.

如今也存在一個悖論 伴隨而來的是機會

While the health sector plays a central role

當健康部門在應對氣候危機中

in responding to the climate crisis,

扮演核心角色

the sector itself contributes to nearly five percent

它本身貢獻將近5%的

of the net global greenhouse gas emissions and growing.

溫室氣體排放 並持續增長

Health care professionals understand

健康照護專家們知道

the seriousness of their own climate footprint.

自己的氣候足跡有多嚴重

In the last couple of years,

在過去幾年內

we have seen an enormous momentum within the sector

我們看到該部門有個巨大的發展

in charting a course towards transformative healthcare

制定一個從氣候的解決方案開始

that starts with climate solutions.

的改革性健康照顧

This momentum is guided by a zero-emissions,

此發展是由零排放

climate resilience, and health equity road map.

氣候適應和健康平等地圖所引導

For example, the state of Chhattisgarh in India

例如印度的洽蒂斯加爾邦

has solarized over 900 community health centers

超過900個社區衛生中心 設置太陽能板

and pledged to attain 100 percent solarization

並承諾達到以100%太陽能源

to provide energy access,

來提供能源輸入

thus anchoring the resilience of the community

從而鞏固社區的彈性

and protecting the most vulnerable.

保護最易受傷害的人

Last year, India’s National Health Service

去年 印度的國家醫療服務設施

began charting a course to zero emissions by 2045.

開始制定 在2045前達到零排放的歷程

This year,

今年

40 institutions representing 3,000 hospitals in 18 countries

18個國家中 3000家醫院的40家機構代表

followed suit

紛紛效仿

and worked with Health Care Without Harm to decarbonize health care --

並和無害醫療保健機構合作

its buildings, its operations and supply chain --

讓健康照顧 在建築、操作和供應鏈減碳

in a race to zero.

在這零碳競賽中

Doctors for Clean Air and Climate Action

空氣清淨和氣候行動醫師

is mobilizing thousands of doctors across India

動員印度各地上千名醫師

on the issue of air pollution and health to advocate for better policies.

對於空汙和健康的議題 提倡更好的政策

Time has come that we measure the advancement of our civilization

到了這個時候了 我們觀測文明的進步

through the metric of health rather than metric of wealth.

是透過健康指標

而不是財富指標

But here also --

但這也...

(Applause)

(掌聲)

But here also lies one of our biggest roadblocks:

但這也存在我們最大的障礙之一

it is impossible to have healthy people on a sick planet.

生病的行星上不可能有健康的人

The blatant disregard for environment,

對環境的公然無視

which is entrenched in our current economic and social models,

根深蒂固於 當今的經濟和社會模式

has pushed the natural world to its limits.

把自然界推向極限

Failure to ask basic questions like

未能提出這些基本問題

who is this business decision going to harm,

像是 這個商業決策將傷害誰

or what is the impact of the current policy choice

或當前的政治選擇

on the most marginalized

對最邊緣的族群有何影響

or on the future generations

或對下一代有什麼影響

has brought us to this crisis.

使我們陷入這場危機

COVID-19 is a clear example of our broken relationship with nature.

新冠肺炎就是我們與 自然間關係失衡的明顯範例

It has also shown the deep interconnections

這也展現了很深的連結

between the health of the planet and human health.

在行星的健康和人類健康之間

We need to urgently mend our relationship with the planet,

我們需要緊急 修補和行星間的關係

and this is where the principle of “first, do no harm” in decisions

這就是在決策中 「首要不傷害」原則

becomes critical.

變得至關重要的部分

Now let me clarify one point here because I don't want any ambiguity.

讓我在此澄清一點 因為我不想搞得模稜兩可

When I say "do no harm,"

當我說到「不傷害」

I do not mean that we should not explore bold and courageous solutions.

並不代表我們不應去探索

大膽且勇敢的解決方案

We desperately need to be innovative in the face of crisis.

在面臨危機中

我們迫切需要創新

But there is a lot of bad, wrongful,

但有很多壞的，錯誤的

harmful and unjust behavior that happens knowingly,

有害而且不公正的行為

是有意的正在發生

and that needs to stop.

要停止那些作為

(Applause)

(掌聲)

The overarching theme of the Hippocratic oath

希波克拉底誓言的首要主題

is the idea that the individual who is reciting the pledge

是背誦誓言的概念

is making a personal dedication to ethical and committed care

奉獻自己 致力於道德和承諾的關懷

and putting their patients first.

把病人擺在第一順位

In Korba, Meena embodies this philosophy.

科爾巴區的米娜體現了這哲學

She's doing her bit in protecting her community.

她正盡自己的一份力量保護社區

However, that is not enough.

然而這還不夠

The scale of challenges that we face today

我們現今面臨的挑戰的規模

demands that all of us, individually and collectively,

需要所有人，個人和群體

independently of our position, power, agency or resources

獨立的職位、權力、機構或資源

adopt a similar dedication and commitment.

採取類似的奉獻和承諾

And as a first step,

作為首要步驟

we must all include the principle of doing no harm

在或大或小的所有決定中

in all decisions, big and small, for all present and future actions,

也在現在及未來的所有行動裡

必須包含不傷害原則

and put the health of our planet and ours first.

並把行星和人們的健康放在首位

Thank you.

感謝

(Applause)

(掌聲)