Next Up for AI? Dancing Robots | Catie Cuan | TED

翻译人员: Fanglin ren 校对人员: Sue Lu

I have an unusual job.

我有一份不寻常的工作。

I teach robots how to dance.

我教机器人如何跳舞。

In 2017,

2017 年，

I transitioned from dancing on stages with humans

我从与人类在舞台上共舞过渡到

to dancing with robots.

与机器人共舞。

Big robots, small robots,

大型机器人、小型机器人、

single-arms and roving robots.

单臂和巡回机器人,

Robots that fly,

会飞的机器人，

vacuuming robots.

吸尘机器人,

A lot of robots that look like humans.

很多看起来像人类的机器人,

And a whole bunch that don't.

还有一大群不像的。

I'm pretty sure I've choreographed

我敢肯定，我编舞和

and danced with more different types of robots

跳舞时合作过的不同类型的机器人

than anyone on Earth.

比地球上任何人都多。

Why do I do this?

我为什么要这样做？

Because robots move

因为机器人会移动,

and choreographers understand how movement affects us.

编舞家知道运动如何影响我们。

If a robot slides politely out of a doorway to let you pass,

如果机器人礼貌地从门口滑开让你通过，

might make you feel seen and acknowledged.

可能会让你感到被看见和认可。

If a robot marches quickly towards you and avoids you at the last second,

如果机器人快速走向你， 只在最后一秒避开你，

it might cause revulsion and fear.

那可能会引起厌恶和恐惧。

Robots are beginning to show up in our everyday environments,

机器人开始出现在我们的日常环境中，

from sidewalks to offices, backyards to hospitals.

从人行道到办公室，从后院到医院。

And they will be threatening and confusing to us

他们将对我们构成威胁和困惑，

if we do not carefully examine how they move.

除非我们仔细研究他们的行动方式。

I'm also a roboticist and an engineer.

我也是机器人专家和工程师。

I study this connection between robot motion and emotion.

我研究机器人动作与情感间的联系。

I combine my expertise in robotics and dance

我结合自己在机器人技术 和舞蹈方面的专业知识

in the emerging field of choreo-robotics,

用于新兴的编舞机器人领域，

the intersection of dance and robotics.

即舞蹈和机器人技术的交汇处。

Right now, we're giving AI a robot body with physical intelligence.

现在，我们正在为人工智能（AI） 提供具有物理智能的机器人身体。

AI technologies like GPT and Gemini are becoming the robot's brains,

AI 技术如 GPT 和 Gemini 正在成为机器人的大脑，

which means that robots are getting smarter.

这意味着机器人变得越来越聪明，

Much smarter.

非常聪明。

Think of what AI has already done to text and video generation.

想想 AI 能在文本和视频生成方面做的。

We are just scratching the surface on seeing what AI can do

我们对 AI 的了解还仅仅停留在

in the physical world.

表面阶段。

We are going to be interacting

我们将越来越多地

with these new intelligent robots more and more,

与这些新的智能机器人互动，

interacting with them through movement.

通过动作与它们互动。

Roboticists already spend a lot of time thinking about movement,

机器人专家花了很多时间思考这些动作，

but they think about it in terms of efficiency,

但他们思考的角度是效率，

optimizing for speed or success.

优化速度或成功率。

That's not enough.

可那是不够的。

We need to teach robots how to dance.

我们需要教机器人如何跳舞。

If a robot can dance,

如果一个机器人能够跳舞，

make every movement with intention, agility, balance,

每个动作都带有企图、敏捷性、平衡性、

emotional expression and grace,

情感表达和优雅风度，

I believe they will also become better caregivers,

我相信他们就会成为更好的看护者、

teachers and companions.

老师和同伴。

It will help us build better general-purpose robots

这样我们就能建造更好的通用机器人，

that we actually want to live amongst us.

我们希望与之共存的机器人。

If we teach robots to dance,

如果我们教机器人跳舞，

we expand the future of intelligent machines.

我们就能拓展智能机器的未来。

Choreographers and engineers have made dances with robots since the 1990s,

自 20 世纪 90 年代以来， 编舞家和工程师一直在训练机器人跳舞，

and these highly scripted performances have captured the public's imagination.

这些高度编排的表演 俘获了公众的想象力。

They've made us feel wonder,

它们让我们感到惊奇，

made us laugh,

让我们开心大笑，

made us want to dance along,

让我们想随之起舞，

and sometimes made us never want to meet a robot in real life.

但有时也让我们永远不想再遇到机器人。

Dancing with robots is no longer just about art or entertainment.

与机器人共舞不再只是艺术或娱乐。

It is about transferring the lessons that one, all movement

它更是关于传授经验教训， 第一，所有动作都会

changes emotions,

改变情绪；

and two, contextual movement is critically important

第二，情境动作至关重要。

and applying those lessons to robots in our everyday lives.

这些经验教训应该用在机器人身上。

Robotics engineers are beginning to consider emotion and context

机器人工程师开始考虑情感和背景,

when designing intelligent machines that interact with us.

尤其在设计与我们互动的智能机器时。

The choices we make now

我们现在做出的选择

are going to dictate how we live our lives with robots.

将决定我们如何与机器人共存。

If we get this right,

如果我们做对了，

robots will be more welcomed, safe, and delightful.

机器人将更受欢迎、安全且令人愉快。

Humans will be more empowered and comfortable.

人类将变得更有能力，更舒适。

Before AI, programmers needed hours to script a simple

在 AI 出现之前，程序员 需要数小时来编写一个简单的

dance sequence for robot to perform.

舞蹈序列供机器人表演，

Just like they needed hours to script the robot to open a single door.

就像他们需花数小时 编写机器人打开一扇门的程序。

With AI, you can teach the robot to open just a few specific doors,

借助 AI，你可以教机器人 打开几扇特定的门，

and it will learn to open all of them,

然后它就能学会打开所有的门，

even ones it hasn't seen before.

即使是以前从未见过的门。

It's also true for dance.

舞蹈也是如此。

You can teach the robot to dance with a specific person,

你可以教机器人与某个人共舞，

and it will learn how to dance

它就能学习如何

and move with many others

与其他许多人跳舞，

in many different environments and circumstances.

即使是在许多不同的环境里。

This is what I did at Everyday Robots,

这就是我在 Everyday Robots 做的工作，

then a robot AI moonshot at Google.

谷歌的一个机器人 AI 探索项目。

But rather than teach one robot,

但不是教一个机器人，

I used AI to teach 15 robots how to move together as a flock.

而是用 AI 来教 15 个机器人 如何成群结队地一起移动。

We imagined a world where you could walk down a hallway filled with robots,

我们设想了一个世界，在那里， 你可以沿着满是机器人的走廊行走，

and they would part to make space for you,

它们会分散开来为你让路，

like a flock of doves or a crowd of people on a city street.

如同一群鸽子或城市街道上的人群。

Where a robot could navigate seamlessly and even beautifully through a busy,

在那里，机器人可以天衣无缝地 甚至优雅地穿行在繁忙、

chaotic Times Square.

混乱的纽约时代广场上。

The world we live in is complicated for robots to understand,

我们生活的世界很复杂， 机器人无法理解，

so it was impossible to script or choreograph interactions like these

因此不可能按部就班地逐步编排

step by step.

这样的互动。

We needed to use the magic of AI

我们需要使用 AI 的魔力

to teach the robots how to improvise and react.

来教机器人如何即兴创作和反应。

This was a massive challenge that had never been done before,

这是一项前所未有的巨大挑战，

and the result is an interactive performance and installation work

结果就是一个互动表演和装置作品，

called Project Starling.

名为 Project Starling。

This took us two years of hardcore engineering to complete.

我们花了两年才完成这项艰巨的工程。

We trained an AI agent on the preferences of a choreographer,

我们培训了一名 AI 代理， 是根据编舞家的喜好训练的，

me.

也就是我的喜好。

I chose the most engaging patterns and sequences.

我选择了引人入胜的舞蹈模式和序列。

We also taught the robots how to recognize

我们还教会机器人如何识别

and respond to human gestures.

和回应人类的示意动作。

While we were at it,

在那期间，

we turned the robots into musical instruments.

我们还把机器人变成了乐器。

Each joint on the robot was mapped to a different sound.

机器人的每个关节都映射不同的声响。

When the robot's torso moved, triggered a bass sound.

当它的躯干移动时，会触发低音声。

Its hand opening and closing triggered a bell sound.

它的双手开合会触发钟声。

The robot's actions created its own unique symphony.

机器人的移动创造出自己独特的交响曲。

This is what Project Starling looks like.

这就是 Project Starling。

Our AI generated movement and our robot generated music.

我们的 AI 生成舞蹈动作， 机器人生成音乐。

(Music)

（音乐）

(Music ends)

（音乐结束）

(Applause)

（掌声）

I wanted it to feel like stepping out of your normal reality

我希望你的感觉就像是走出现实，

and into a waking dream,

进入一个清醒的梦境一样。

one that was so far from where we stand today.

这个梦离我们的现状还很遥远，

Yet, all the same felt like a world

然而，你依然感觉那像一个安宁的世界，

where your kids could grow up and feel calm,

你的孩子可以在那里健康成长，

where you could be surrounded by machines and it felt natural and safe.

你成天被机器人围着却感觉自然而安全。

People were drawn to just wander amongst these robots, you know,

人们被吸引到这些机器人中闲逛，

some were a bit tentative at first,

有的起初有点犹豫，

but then they began to engage and explore

但慢慢就开始进行互动和探索了，

with curiosity and playfulness.

是带着好奇和好玩的心情的。

People kept coming back.

之后他们不断回来看这些机器人。

What we learned about gesture, navigation,

我们学到的关于动作示意、导航、

human interaction and expression can be applied to robots more generally.

人的互动和表情， 可以更广泛地应用于机器人。

Think of the following future scenario.

想想以下未来的情景。

A robot in a senior living facility,

养老院里的机器人，

waiting in a crowded cafe.

在拥挤的咖啡馆做服务员。

You sit at your table,

你坐在桌边，

you wave over to it, make a sipping gesture,

向它挥手，并做出啜饮的手势，

and the robot understands that you would like a glass of water.

机器人就明白你想要一杯水。

And when it drives over to you with its glass of water,

当它托着一杯水驶向你时，

it nods at the other people it passes

它会向遇到的人点头致意，

and pauses graciously to let them go by.

并友好地停下来让他们先行。

And when it arrives at your table, it places the glass gracefully down.

当它来到你的餐桌时， 它会优雅地将水杯放下。

And when you thank it, it nods in acknowledgment.

当你感谢它时，它会点头致意，

Maybe it even performs a small celebratory dance in place.

也许还会跳一支小型的庆祝舞。

We can choose to build and program robots that we welcome.

我们可以选择构建 和编程我们喜欢的机器人，

Robots that make us feel understood.

让我们感到被理解的机器人，

Robots that we want to spend time with.

我们想与之共度时光的机器人。

The promise of robots that will live and work amongst us

机器人将在我们中间 生活和工作的承诺

has existed for a very long time.

已经存在了很长时间。

From Karel Capek's 1920 play "Rossum's Universal Robots"

从卡雷尔·卡佩克 1920 年的 戏剧 《罗森的万能机器人》

to The Jetsons' Rosey the Robot

到《杰森一家》的机器人罗西，

to C-3PO of "Star Wars" and even Terminator,

再到《星球大战》中的 C-3PO， 甚至是《终结者》，

these stories have been deeply impactful in what we imagine and build.

这些故事对我们想象 和构建机器人产生了深远的影响。

Yes, we can have robots that do our chores.

是的，我们可以让机器人做家务，

But we can also have robots be our dance partners.

我们也可以让机器人作我们的舞伴。

Humans do a range of things,

人类从事各种各样的活动，

ceramics to diplomacy,

从陶艺到外交，

singing in choirs to vertical farming.

从合唱团到垂直种植。

Imagine a world where robots can do a myriad of things

想象一个世界，机器人可以做各种事情，

that are functional or creative,

无论是功能性或创造性的，

and everything in between.

或者介于两者之间的。

General-purpose robots are coming,

通用机器人即将问世，

and they will help us to address big demographic challenges

它们将帮助我们应对重大人口挑战，

like aging populations and massive labor shortages.

如人口老龄化和大规模劳动力短缺等。

And how they move will unlock

他们如何移动将决定

whether we let them into our homes

我们是否允许他们进入我们的家中，

and welcome them in our workplaces.

是否欢迎他们进入我们的工作场所。

Because we want to feel like we're still marvelously human

因为我们希望感觉到 自己仍然属于奇妙的人类，

in this increasingly AI world.

尤其在这个日益人工智能化的世界里。

And we can,

我们能做到的，

because we have the power to choreograph the future we want.

因为我们有能力编排我们想要的未来。

Thank you.

谢谢。

(Applause)

（掌声）