Next Up for AI? Dancing Robots | Catie Cuan | TED

譯者: Esther Lam 審譯者: Shelley Tsang 曾雯海

I have an unusual job.

我有一個不尋常的工作。

I teach robots how to dance.

我教機器人如何跳舞。

In 2017,

2017 年，

I transitioned from dancing on stages with humans

我從舞台上和人類一起跳舞

to dancing with robots.

轉變為與機器人一起跳舞。

Big robots, small robots,

大機器人，小機器人，

single-arms and roving robots.

單臂和流動機器人。

Robots that fly,

飛行的機器人，

vacuuming robots.

吸塵機器人。

A lot of robots that look like humans.

很多看起來像人類的機器人。

And a whole bunch that don't.

還有很多看起來不像人類的。

I'm pretty sure I've choreographed

我很確定我編排過的和跳舞過的

and danced with more different types of robots

不同類型的機器人

than anyone on Earth.

比地球上任何人都多。

Why do I do this?

我為什麼要這樣做？

Because robots move

因為機器人移動

and choreographers understand how movement affects us.

編舞者了解移動 如何影響我們。

If a robot slides politely out of a doorway to let you pass,

如果機器人禮貌地從門口滑出來讓您通過，

might make you feel seen and acknowledged.

則可能會讓您感到被看到和認可。

If a robot marches quickly towards you and avoids you at the last second,

如果機器人迅速向您行駛， 並在最後一秒避開您，

it might cause revulsion and fear.

則可能會引起仇恨和恐懼。

Robots are beginning to show up in our everyday environments,

機器人開始出現在我們 的日常環境中，

from sidewalks to offices, backyards to hospitals.

從人行道到辦公室， 後院到醫院。

And they will be threatening and confusing to us

他們會對我們 感到威脅和困惑

if we do not carefully examine how they move.

如果我們不仔細 檢查他們的移動方式。

I'm also a roboticist and an engineer.

我也是一名機器人學家和工程師。

I study this connection between robot motion and emotion.

我研究 機器人運動和情緒之間的關聯。

I combine my expertise in robotics and dance

我將我在機器人和舞蹈方面的 專業知識

in the emerging field of choreo-robotics,

結合在新興的編舞機器人領域，

the intersection of dance and robotics.

這是舞蹈和機器人的交點。

Right now, we're giving AI a robot body with physical intelligence.

現在，我們正在為人工智慧 提供具有物理智能的機器人身體。

AI technologies like GPT and Gemini are becoming the robot's brains,

如 GPT 和 Gemini 等人工智慧技術 正在成為機器人的大腦，

which means that robots are getting smarter.

這意味著機器人越來越聰明。

Much smarter.

更聰明。

Think of what AI has already done to text and video generation.

想想人工智慧已經對文字和視訊 的生成做了什麼。

We are just scratching the surface on seeing what AI can do

我們對於人工智慧 在物理世界中的作用

in the physical world.

還只是觸及表面。

We are going to be interacting

我們將與這些新的智能機器人

with these new intelligent robots more and more,

有越來越多的互動，

interacting with them through movement.

通過運動與它們互動。

Roboticists already spend a lot of time thinking about movement,

機器人學家已經花了很多時間 思考運動，

but they think about it in terms of efficiency,

但他們在效率、

optimizing for speed or success.

最佳化速度或成功方面去思考它。

That's not enough.

這還不夠。

We need to teach robots how to dance.

我們需要教機器人如何跳舞。

If a robot can dance,

如果機器人能夠跳舞，

make every movement with intention, agility, balance,

有意圖地、以敏捷、平衡、 情感表達和優雅

emotional expression and grace,

來進行每一項動作，

I believe they will also become better caregivers,

我相信他們也會成為 更好的看護照顧者，

teachers and companions.

老師和同伴。

It will help us build better general-purpose robots

它將幫助我們構建更好的 通用機器人，

that we actually want to live amongst us.

進而讓我們真實的想讓這些機器人 生活在我們中間。

If we teach robots to dance,

如果我們教機器人跳舞，

we expand the future of intelligent machines.

我們將擴大智能機器的未來。

Choreographers and engineers have made dances with robots since the 1990s,

自 1990 年代以來， 編舞家和工程師就開始用機器人跳舞，，

and these highly scripted performances have captured the public's imagination.

這些高度劇本的表演吸引 了公眾的想像力。

They've made us feel wonder,

他們讓我們感到驚奇，

made us laugh,

讓我們笑，

made us want to dance along,

讓我們想跟著一起跳舞，

and sometimes made us never want to meet a robot in real life.

但且有時讓我們永遠不想 在現實生活中遇到機器人。

Dancing with robots is no longer just about art or entertainment.

與機器人一起跳舞不再 只是藝術或娛樂。

It is about transferring the lessons that one, all movement

它是關於傳遞課程， 一、所有動作都會

changes emotions,

改變情緒，

and two, contextual movement is critically important

二、情境運動至關重要，

and applying those lessons to robots in our everyday lives.

並將這些課程應用於我們日常 生活中的機器人。

Robotics engineers are beginning to consider emotion and context

機器人工程師在 設計與我們互動的智能機器時

when designing intelligent machines that interact with us.

開始考慮情緒和背景。

The choices we make now

我們現在做出的選擇

are going to dictate how we live our lives with robots.

將決定我們 如何與機器人一起過生活。

If we get this right,

如果我們做到正確，

robots will be more welcomed, safe, and delightful.

機器人將更受歡迎， 安全和愉快。

Humans will be more empowered and comfortable.

人類將獲得更多能力和舒適。

Before AI, programmers needed hours to script a simple

在 人工智慧之前， 程序員需要數小時來編寫一個簡單的

dance sequence for robot to perform.

舞蹈序列，以供機器人表演。

Just like they needed hours to script the robot to open a single door.

就像他們需要數小時才能 指令機器人打開一扇門。

With AI, you can teach the robot to open just a few specific doors,

使用人工智慧，您可以教導機器人只 打開幾個特定的門，

and it will learn to open all of them,

它將學會打開所有門，

even ones it hasn't seen before.

即使是以前沒有看到的門。

It's also true for dance.

這對舞蹈也是如此。

You can teach the robot to dance with a specific person,

您可以教導機器人 與特定的人一起跳舞，

and it will learn how to dance

它將學習如何在許多不同的環境和情況中

and move with many others

與許多其他人

in many different environments and circumstances.

一起跳舞和移動。

This is what I did at Everyday Robots,

這就是我在“日常機器“人所做的事情，

then a robot AI moonshot at Google.

然後在谷歌的機器人人工智能拍攝。

But rather than teach one robot,

但我不是教一個機器人，

I used AI to teach 15 robots how to move together as a flock.

而是使用人工智能教導 15 個機器人如何以群體式一起移動。

We imagined a world where you could walk down a hallway filled with robots,

我們想像一個世界， 你可以走在一個充滿了機器人的走廊，

and they would part to make space for you,

他們會分開為你創造空間，

like a flock of doves or a crowd of people on a city street.

像一群鴿子或 城市街上的人群。

Where a robot could navigate seamlessly and even beautifully through a busy,

機器人可以在繁忙 而混亂的時代廣場中無縫，

chaotic Times Square.

甚至精美地環遊。

The world we live in is complicated for robots to understand,

我們生活的世界 對機器人來說很複雜，

so it was impossible to script or choreograph interactions like these

因此不可能逐步

step by step.

編寫或編舞這樣的互動。

We needed to use the magic of AI

我們需要利用人工智能的魔法

to teach the robots how to improvise and react.

來教導機器人 如何即興和反應。

This was a massive challenge that had never been done before,

這是一個以前從未 完成的巨大挑戰，

and the result is an interactive performance and installation work

結果是一個名為史塔林項目

called Project Starling.

的互動性表演和安裝作品。

This took us two years of hardcore engineering to complete.

這是我們花了兩年 的嚴峻工程才完成的。

We trained an AI agent on the preferences of a choreographer,

我們根據編舞師的喜好培訓了一名 人工智能代理人

me.

那個編舞師就是我。

I chose the most engaging patterns and sequences.

我選擇了最引人入勝 的模式和序列。

We also taught the robots how to recognize

我們還教機器人如何識別

and respond to human gestures.

和對人類手勢做出反應。

While we were at it,

當我們進行的時候，

we turned the robots into musical instruments.

我們把機器人 變成樂器。

Each joint on the robot was mapped to a different sound.

機器人上的每個關節都對映成不同的聲音。

When the robot's torso moved, triggered a bass sound.

當機器人的身體移動時， 觸發了低音。

Its hand opening and closing triggered a bell sound.

它的手打開和關閉 觸發了鈴聲。

The robot's actions created its own unique symphony.

機器人的動作創造了 自己獨特的交響曲。

This is what Project Starling looks like.

這就是斯塔林項目的樣子。

Our AI generated movement and our robot generated music.

我們的人工智慧產生動作 ， 而我們的機器人產生了音樂。

(Music)

（音樂）

(Music ends)

（音樂結束）

(Applause)

（掌聲）

I wanted it to feel like stepping out of your normal reality

我希望這種感覺就像走出 自己的正常現實

and into a waking dream,

而進入一個醒的夢想，

one that was so far from where we stand today.

這個夢想離我們今天的現實非常遠。

Yet, all the same felt like a world

然而，同樣感覺就像一個

where your kids could grow up and feel calm,

你的孩子可以長大 並感到平靜的世界，

where you could be surrounded by machines and it felt natural and safe.

在那裡你可以被機器包圍， 卻感覺自然和安全。

People were drawn to just wander amongst these robots, you know,

人們被吸引在這些機器 人之間漫步，你知道，

some were a bit tentative at first,

有些人一開始有點猶豫，

but then they began to engage and explore

但後來他們開始以

with curiosity and playfulness.

好奇心和玩耍的方式進行探索。

People kept coming back.

人們一直回來，

What we learned about gesture, navigation,

我們所學到的關於手勢，導航，

human interaction and expression can be applied to robots more generally.

人類互動和表達的內容 可以更廣泛地應用於機器人。

Think of the following future scenario.

想想下面的未來場景。

A robot in a senior living facility,

一個老人生活場所中的機器人，

waiting in a crowded cafe.

在擁擠的咖啡館等待。

You sit at your table,

你坐在你的桌子旁，

you wave over to it, make a sipping gesture,

你向它揮舞， 做一個喝水的手勢

and the robot understands that you would like a glass of water.

機器人明白你想要一杯水。

And when it drives over to you with its glass of water,

當它帶著一杯水來到 你身邊時，

it nods at the other people it passes

它向它經過的其他人點頭，

and pauses graciously to let them go by.

然後溫柔地停下來，讓他們過去。

And when it arrives at your table, it places the glass gracefully down.

當它到達您的桌子時， 它會優雅地將玻璃杯放下來。

And when you thank it, it nods in acknowledgment.

當你感謝它時， 它會點頭表示致謝。

Maybe it even performs a small celebratory dance in place.

也許它甚至在地演出一場小型慶祝舞。

We can choose to build and program robots that we welcome.

我們可以選擇構建和編程 我們歡迎的機器人。

Robots that make us feel understood.

讓我們感到被理解的機器人。

Robots that we want to spend time with.

我們想與之共度時間的機器人。

The promise of robots that will live and work amongst us

機器人將在我們中間生活和工作的承諾

has existed for a very long time.

已存在了很長一段時間。

From Karel Capek's 1920 play "Rossum's Universal Robots"

從卡雷爾·卡佩克 1920 年的戲劇 《羅森的環球機器人》

to The Jetsons' Rosey the Robot

到捷森《機器人玫瑰》，

to C-3PO of "Star Wars" and even Terminator,

到《星球大戰》的 C-3PO，甚至終結者，

these stories have been deeply impactful in what we imagine and build.

這些故事對我們想像和構建的 內容產生了深刻的影響。

Yes, we can have robots that do our chores.

是的，我們可以有機器人來做家務。

But we can also have robots be our dance partners.

但我們也可以讓機器人 成為我們的舞蹈夥伴。

Humans do a range of things,

人類做各種事情，

ceramics to diplomacy,

從做陶瓷到外交，

singing in choirs to vertical farming.

在合唱團裡唱歌到垂直農業。

Imagine a world where robots can do a myriad of things

想像一個世界， 機器人可以做無數功能性

that are functional or creative,

或創意的事情，

and everything in between.

以及兩者之間的一切。

General-purpose robots are coming,

一般用途機器人即將到來，

and they will help us to address big demographic challenges

它們將幫助我們解決

like aging populations and massive labor shortages.

人口老化和大量勞動力短缺等 巨大的人口問題。

And how they move will unlock

他們的移動方式將決定

whether we let them into our homes

我們是否讓他們進入我們的家

and welcome them in our workplaces.

並歡迎他們進入我們的工作場所。

Because we want to feel like we're still marvelously human

因為我們希望在這個越來越多的 人工智慧世界中，

in this increasingly AI world.

感覺自己仍然是奇妙的人類。

And we can,

而且我們可以，

because we have the power to choreograph the future we want.

因為我們有能力 編舞我們想要的未來。

Thank you.

謝謝。

(Applause)

（掌聲）