How Life on Earth Adapts to You and Me | Shane Campbell-Staton | TED

48,359 views ใƒป 2023-07-05

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Jaewook Seol ๊ฒ€ํ† : DK Kim
00:04
So I'm an evolutionary biologist.
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๋„ค, ์ €๋Š” ์ง„ํ™” ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:07
The thing I love most about evolution is the story.
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์ง„ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:14
Evolution is a single story that links every species,
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์ง„ํ™”๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…์„ ์ž‡๋Š” ๋‹จ์ผํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:18
every branch in the tree of life together.
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์ƒ๋ช…์˜ ๋‚˜๋ฌด์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐ€์ง€๋“ค์„ ์ด์–ด์ฃผ์ฃ .
๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒ๋ช… ๋ชจ๋‘์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋ผ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋Š๋‚Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:21
It's this sense of connectivity with the rest of the living world.
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00:25
It's like one of the reasons why I became a biologist in the first place.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์• ์ดˆ์— ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ๋œ ์ด์œ  ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๊ธฐ์ฃ  ํ•˜์ฃ .
00:28
Now, when Charles Darwin, my man Chuck D,
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๋„ค, ์ฐฐ์Šค ๋‹ค์œˆ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฒ™ D ํ˜•๋‹˜์ด,
00:32
when he first proposed this theory ...
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์ฒ˜์Œ ์ด ์ด๋ก ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
00:36
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
00:37
When he first proposed the theory of evolution,
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ™”๋ก ์„ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์ œ์•ˆํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋Š”
00:39
he imagined it as this slow, gradual process
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๋Š๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ ์ง„์ ์ธ ๊ณผ์ •์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์ƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:43
that played out over thousands or millions of years.
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์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋…„ ํ˜น์€ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋…„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฑธ๋กœ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
00:46
But now, in the face of all the different changes
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ง€๊ธˆ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ตฌ์— ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜์—ฌ
00:49
that we are making to the planet,
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00:51
we're finding that evolution is rapidly altering species around our planet
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์ง„ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ตฌ ๊ณณ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ข…(็จฎ)๋“ค์„ ๊ธ‰์†๋„๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์„œ
00:58
in order to live alongside us.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ณ์—์„œ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:01
And in our short time on this planet,
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๋˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์ง€๊ตฌ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์งง์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ
01:02
we have trimmed, trained
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ด ๋ถ€๋Ÿฌ์งˆ ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ
01:04
and reshuffled the tree of life at breakneck speed.
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์ƒ๋ช…์˜ ๋‚˜๋ฌด์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์น˜๊ณ , ๊ธธ์„ ๋“ค์ด๊ณ , ๋’ค์„ž์–ด ๋†จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:08
10,000 years ago,
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๋งŒ ๋…„ ์ „,
01:10
we had already learned how to manipulate the basic building blocks of life,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์ƒ๋ช…์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์› ๊ณ 
01:15
turning wild plants and animals into domesticated forms
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์•ผ์ƒ ๋™์‹๋ฌผ์„ ๊ธธ๋“ค์ด๊ณ  ์žฌ๋ฐฐํ•ด์„œ
01:19
to use for our own purposes.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์ฃ .
01:22
With mass global transportation,
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์ „ ์ง€๊ตฌ์  ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰ ์ˆ˜์†ก์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
01:24
we've reshuffled species around the globe,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์ข…๋“ค์„ ๋’ค์„ž์–ด ๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
bringing them together and forming all new ecological interactions.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ํ•œ ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ๋ชจ์•„ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ƒํƒœ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:31
And on top of that,
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๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฉด๊ณผ ๊ธฐํ›„๋ฅผ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:33
we've fundamentally altered Earth's surface and its climate
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01:37
through industrialized agriculture, urbanization,
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๊ธฐ์—…ํ™”๋œ ๋†์—…, ๋„์‹œํ™”,
์˜ค์—ผ ๋ฐ ์ง€๊ตฌ ์˜จ๋‚œํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:41
pollution and global warming.
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01:43
Now I've dedicated my life to trying to understand
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์ €๋Š” ์ œ ์ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ”์ณ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฐœ์ž์ทจ๊ฐ€
01:46
the lasting biological impacts of our human footprint.
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์˜ค๋ž˜๋„๋ก ๋‚จ๊ธธ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ ค ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:52
One of the things that I've learned along the way is that life is a paradox.
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๊ทธ ๊ธธ์—์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋ช…์€ ์—ญ์„ค์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:58
It's simultaneously incredibly fragile
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์ƒ๋ช…์€ ๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๋งŒํผ ์—ฐ์•ฝํ•˜๊ณ 
02:02
and relentlessly resilient.
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๋™์‹œ์— ์‰ฌ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ผ์–ด์„œ์ฃ .
02:05
The thing that impresses me most
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์ œ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊นŠ์€ ์ธ์ƒ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฑด,
02:08
is that despite our devastating impacts on this planet,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ตฌ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ํŒŒ๋ฉธ์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ ,
02:12
I'm constantly in awe of the surprising, incredible,
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์ œ๊ฒŒ ๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ๊ฒฝ์™ธ๊ฐ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฑด
๋†€๋ž๊ณ , ๋ฏฟ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๋งŒํผ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ
02:15
amazing ways that life is changing,
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์ƒ๋ช…์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง„ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ ์‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:18
evolving and adapting
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02:20
to a time that's literally defined by our species' impact on the planet.
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๋ง ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ข…์ด ์ง€๊ตฌ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทœ์ •๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
02:25
We now live in a time where one half of the human species lives in cities.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ข… ๋‘˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋„์‹œ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
As urban areas grow and expand,
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๋„์‹œ ์ง€์—ญ์ด ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ,
02:33
life around the world,
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์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…๋“ค, ๋น„์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ƒ๋ช…๋“ค์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:35
non-human life, is changing
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02:38
to figure out how to exploit the novel resources
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๋„์‹œ๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ž์›์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด์ต์„ ์ทจํ•˜๊ณ 
02:41
and avoid the potential dangers.
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์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ์œ„ํ—˜์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํšŒํ”ผํ• ์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๋ฉด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
02:44
My research group and my colleagues have been studying these small lizards
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์ œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ทธ๋ฃน๊ณผ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค์€
โ€˜์•„๋†€โ€™์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ๋„๋งˆ๋ฑ€๋“ค์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:49
called anoles
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02:51
that occur across the island of Puerto Rico.
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ํ‘ธ์—๋ฅดํ†  ๋ฆฌ์ฝ” ์„ฌ ์ „์ฒด์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์‚ฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:54
Now, most of the time,
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ์—,
02:56
these lizards spend their time running up and down trees,
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์ด ๋„๋งˆ๋ฑ€๋“ค์ด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ์ผ์€ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์˜ค๋ฅด๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
03:00
chasing after insects, doing the things you know, that lizards do.
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๊ณค์ถฉ๋“ค์„ ์ซ“์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋„๋งˆ๋ฑ€๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:03
But in cities, they have evolved at the genetic level.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ ์ด ๋„๋งˆ๋ฑ€๋“ค์€ ์œ ์ „์ž ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ์ง„ํ™”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:07
They've evolved longer limbs and larger sticky toe pads
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์ด ๋„๋งˆ๋ฑ€๋“ค์€ ๋” ๊ธด ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋” ํฌ๊ณ  ์ฐ๋“๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐœํŒ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ™”ํ•ด์„œ
03:10
to utilize the sides of buildings
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๊ฑด๋ฌผ ๋ฒฝ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ 
03:13
and artificial surfaces like glass and metal and concrete as their homes.
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์œ ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ธˆ์†, ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ธ๊ณต ํ‘œ๋ฉด์„ ๋ณด๊ธˆ์ž๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์‚ผ์•˜์ฃ .
03:18
They've also evolved greater heat tolerance
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์ด ๋„๋งˆ๋ฑ€์˜ ์—ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚ด์„ฑ๋„ ๋” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ™”ํ•ด์„œ
03:21
to deal with the high temperatures that define dense urban environments,
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๊ณผ๋ฐ€ํ•œ ๋„์‹ฌ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ํŠน์ง•์ธ ๋†’์€ ์˜จ๋„์— ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
03:25
what we call urban heat islands.
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๋„์‹ฌ ์—ด์„ฌ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:27
And what's more, is that multiple populations of this species
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๋” ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ฑด, ์ด ๋„๋งˆ๋ฑ€ ์ข…์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐœ์ฒด๊ตฐ์—์„œ
03:32
have come up with the same solutions over and over again, independently.
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๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์† ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:37
Showing us that not only is the process of evolution very rapid sometimes,
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฑด ์ง„ํ™” ๊ณผ์ •์ด ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅผ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
03:43
but in some cases it can also be quite predictable.
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๊ฝค ์˜ˆ์ธก์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:47
Now, urbanization is not our only impact on this planet,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์ง€๊ตฌ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ๋„์‹œํ™”๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋งŽ์ฃ .
03:52
far from it.
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03:53
Perhaps our earliest and longest-lasting impact
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋จผ์ €, ๋˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฏธ์ณ์˜จ ์˜ํ–ฅ์€
03:56
has been through our want and need
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋“ค์„ ์‹๋Ÿ‰์ด๋‚˜ ์žฌ๋ฏธ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅํ•˜๋ ค๋Š”
03:59
to hunt other species for food and for sport.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์š•๊ตฌ์™€ ํ•„์š”์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:03
I spent the last few years studying the evolution of African elephants
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์ €๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ ๋ช‡ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์ฝ”๋ผ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด
์ƒ์•„ ๋ฐ€๋ ต์— ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•ด์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ™”ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ง€๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
in response to ivory poaching.
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04:11
In Mozambique,
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1977๋…„์—์„œ 1992๋…„ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋ชจ์ž ๋น„ํฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‚ด์ „์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
04:13
there was a civil war from 1977 to 1992.
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04:17
During this time, in Gorongosa National Park,
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์ด ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ณ ๋กฑ๊ณ ์‚ฌ ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ ๊ณต์›์—์„œ๋Š”
04:20
elephants in particular were reduced by 90 percent
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ํŠนํžˆ ์ฝ”๋ผ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด 90%๋‚˜ ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:23
because of the ivory trade, being targeted for their trademark tusks.
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์ƒ์•„ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ฝ”๋ผ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ƒ์ง•์ธ ์—„๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฌผ์ด ๋๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
04:28
Now, under most circumstances, African elephants have tusks,
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์ฝ”๋ผ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๊ฐœ ์—„๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:32
all males have tusks,
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ˆ˜์ปท์€ ์—„๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ์•”์ปท๋„ ์—„๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ฃ .
04:34
the vast majority of females have tusks.
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04:37
But there is a small number of females that carry a gene
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์˜ ์•”์ปท๋“ค์€
์—„๋‹ˆ๋ฅผ ์ž๋ผ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ์ „์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
that prevents them from growing their tusks.
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04:45
But after the Mozambican Civil War,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋ชจ์ž ๋น„ํฌ ๋‚ด์ „ ํ›„,
04:47
one-half of the surviving females, completely tuskless.
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์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์€ ์•”์ปท ์ค‘ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์—„๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์—†์—ˆ์ฃ .
04:52
Now, during a time where individuals are being hunted
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์ฝ”๋ผ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐœ์ฒด๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ๋‹นํ•˜๋˜ ๋•Œ์—,
04:57
specifically for a trait,
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ํŠนํžˆ ์—„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ํŠน์งˆ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ์„ ๋‹นํ•˜๋˜ ๋•Œ์—
04:59
having tusks,
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05:01
not having that trait puts you at a decided advantage
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํŠน์งˆ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด
์ƒ์กด์— ๊ฒฐ์ •์ ์ธ ์šฐ์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค€ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
05:04
in your ability to survive.
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05:06
That in and of itself is natural selection.
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๊ทธ์•ผ๋ง๋กœ ์ž์—ฐ ์„ ํƒ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:08
Those surviving females then went on
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์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์€ ์•”์ปท๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ๋’ค ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ
05:10
and passed that gene on to many of their daughters.
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์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๋”ธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ ์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฌผ๋ ค์คฌ์ฃ .
05:13
That turnover of genes across generations,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์„ธ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๊ฑธ์นœ ์œ ์ „์ž์˜ ์ „๋‹ฌ,
์ฆ‰, ๋น ๋ฅธ ์ง„ํ™”๊ฐ€
05:18
that is rapid evolution
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05:20
in this long-lived species in response to a decade and a half
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์ด ๊ธด ์ข…์—๊ฒŒ์„œ
๋Œ€๋žต 15๋…„์— ๊ฑธ์นœ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:24
of human hunting.
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05:26
I remember going to Gorongosa for the first time
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๊ณ ๋กฑ๊ณ ์‚ฌ ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ ๊ณต์›์— ๊ฐ€์„œ
05:29
and participating in these elephant captures
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์ฝ”๋ผ๋ฆฌ ํฌํš์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ผ์ด ๊ธฐ์–ต๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:32
where we collar these individuals
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ด ๊ฐœ์ฒด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ชฉ์ค„์„ ์ฑ„์›Œ์„œ
05:34
and collect data and track their movements.
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์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„์„ ์ถ”์ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
05:37
And we came across this female,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ด ์•”์ปท์„ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:39
and she's old enough where we know that she had survived
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๊ทธ ์•”์ปท์ด ๋ชจ์ž ๋น„ํฌ ๋‚ด์ „์—์„œ ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ
05:42
the Mozambican Civil War.
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์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๋งŒํผ ๋‚˜์ด๋“  ๊ฐœ์ฒด์˜€์ฃ .
05:44
Now we sedated this female and as we were there,
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์ด ์•”์ปท์„ ๋งˆ์ทจ์ด์œผ๋กœ ์ž ์žฌ์šฐ๊ณ 
ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ž๋ฃŒ๋“ค์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
05:47
sort of working up all of these data,
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05:50
looking into her big, groggy, sleepy eyes,
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๊ทธ ์•”์ปท์˜ ํฌ๊ณ , ์ดˆ์  ์—†๋Š”, ์กธ๋ฆฐ ๋ˆˆ์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค๋ณด์ž
05:54
and it really struck me, the impact that our species can have
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ข…์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒ๋ช…์— ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
05:58
on the rest of the living world.
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์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ์ €๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํƒ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:00
This female, she lived during a time
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์ด ์•”์ปท์€ ์‚ด์•„ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ
06:02
that saw nine out of ten of the members of her species slaughtered.
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์ž๊ธฐ ์ข… ์—ด์— ์•„ํ™‰์ด ์‚ด์œก๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:08
But she survived.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์•”์ปท์€ ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์•˜์ฃ .
06:09
She grew up, she went on and had children, had grandchildren,
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๊ทธ ์•”์ปท์€ ์ž๋ž๊ณ , ๊ณ„์† ์‚ด๋ฉด์„œ ์•„์ด๋„ ๋‚ณ๊ณ  ์†์ฃผ๋„ ๋ดค์œผ๋ฉฐ
06:13
became the matriarch of a family group.
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์ผ์กฑ์˜ ์šฐ๋‘๋จธ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊นŠ์€ ์ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ์ ์€
06:17
But what strikes me the most about this story
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06:19
is that the reason
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๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋“  ํŒŒ๊ดด์˜ ์ด์œ ,
06:21
for all of that destruction and that slaughter
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๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ด์œก์˜ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€
06:26
was simply because
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๊ทธ์ €
06:28
humans like to make trinkets out of their teeth.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ด๋นจ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ์žฅ์‹ ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
06:32
Which is about the most
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์ด๊ฑด ๊ทธ์•ผ๋ง๋กœ
06:34
ridiculous and sad thing I've ever had to say out loud.
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์†Œ๋ฆฌ ๋‚ด์–ด ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ์กฐ์ฐจ ๋ฏผ๋งํ•  ์ •๋„๋กœ ์–ด์ด ์—†๊ณ  ์Šฌํ”ˆ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ฃ .
06:38
But we live in a time where even the simplest human whims
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ์‹œ๋Œ€๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๋ณ€๋•๋งˆ์ €๋„
06:42
can fundamentally alter the evolutionary fate
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์œก์ƒ ๋™๋ฌผ์˜
06:45
of the largest land animal on our planet.
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์ง„ํ™”์  ์šด๋ช…์„ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”๋†“์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ๋Œ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:49
And many of these stories of rapid evolution are sad,
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์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธ‰์† ์ง„ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋“ค์€ ์Šฌํ”„๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
06:53
but some also offer us hope for our own future on this planet.
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์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ•œ ์ค„๊ธฐ ํฌ๋ง์„ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:00
In nature's struggle to deal with all the nonsense that we're throwing at her
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž์—ฐ์— ์ €์ง€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ง๋„ ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ์ผ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•ด์„œ
07:04
in all these different ways,
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์ž์—ฐ์€ ์ดํ† ๋ก ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํˆฌ์Ÿํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
07:06
some of those solutions may lead us to novel insights
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…๋“ค ์ค‘ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ฐธ์‹ ํ•œ ํ†ต์ฐฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:12
that may help our bodies
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ํ˜„์žฌ ํž˜๊ฒน๊ฒŒ ์‹ธ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์ฃผ๊ณ ,
07:14
deal with things that we currently struggle with
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07:16
that will allow us to survive all the different changes
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ตฌ์— ์ผ์œผํ‚จ ๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”์—์„œ
07:20
that we're making on this planet.
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์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:23
For instance, fast forward to the year 2040,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด 2040๋…„์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋Œ๋ ค ๋ณด์ฃ .
07:25
it's estimated that there will be about 30.2 million new cancer cases
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๊ทธํ•ด์—๋งŒ 3์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋ช…๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์•” ํ™˜์ž๋กœ
07:30
diagnosed in that year alone.
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์ง„๋‹จ๋ฐ›์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:32
Now, we know a lot about the genes and mutations
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์œ ์ „์ž์™€ ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋งŽ์ด ์•Œ๊ณ 
07:37
that are responsible for many cancers
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์•”๋“ค์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
07:40
or make an individual more predisposed to getting cancer.
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์•”์— ๋” ์ž˜ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:44
We know a lot less about potential genetic mutations or variation
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์•”์— ๋” ์ž˜ ๋ฒ„ํ‹ฐ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋” ์ž˜ ํšŒ๋ณตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”
07:50
that may make an individual more resistant
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์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ์œ ์ „์ž ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด๋‚˜ ๋ณ€์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํ›จ์”ฌ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
07:53
or more resilient to cancer.
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07:56
But perhaps nature has already found the solution.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์ž์—ฐ์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋†จ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:02
April 26th, 1986,
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1986๋…„ 4์›” 26์ผ์€ ์ œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ƒ์ผ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ „๋‚ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:03
the day before my very first birthday.
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08:06
There was an explosion in the Chernobyl nuclear power plant.
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์ฒด๋ฅด๋…ธ๋นŒ ํ•ต ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ์—์„œ ํญ๋ฐœ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:10
Humans were immediately evacuated from that region,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ํ•ด๋‹น ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ฆ‰์‹œ ๋Œ€ํ”ผํ–ˆ๊ณ 
08:13
what is now called the Chernobyl exclusion zone.
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๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ์€ ์ด์ œ ์ฒด๋ฅด๋…ธ๋นŒ ์ถœ์ž… ๊ธˆ์ง€ ๊ตฌ์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
08:16
But in the decades since,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ทธ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„๊ฐ„, ์•ผ์ƒ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค
08:17
wildlife has actually moved into the Chernobyl exclusion zone
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์ฒด๋ฅด๋…ธ๋นŒ ์ถœ์ž… ๊ธˆ์ง€ ๊ตฌ์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ ์™€์„œ ๋ฒˆ์„ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:21
and has proliferated.
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08:22
So my research group and colleagues,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ทธ๋ฃน๊ณผ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค์€
08:24
we have been studying the wolves that live in the Chernobyl exclusion zone,
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์ฒด๋ฅด๋…ธ๋นŒ ์ถœ์ž… ๊ธˆ์ง€ ๊ตฌ์—ญ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋Š‘๋Œ€๋“ค์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•ด์„œ
08:29
trying to understand how they have responded biologically
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋†’์•„์ง„ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ๋Šฅ ์ˆ˜์น˜์— ์ˆ˜ ์„ธ๋Œ€์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜๋ฉฐ
08:33
to now generations of exposure to elevated radiation levels.
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์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•ด์™”๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„ ๋ณด๋ ค ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:39
Now, if we consider a wolf pup that's born in the Chernobyl exclusion zone,
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์ฒด๋ฅด๋…ธ๋นŒ ์ถœ์ž… ๊ธˆ์ง€ ๊ตฌ์—ญ์—์„œ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ์ƒˆ๋ผ ๋Š‘๋Œ€๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
08:44
it lives every single day of its life, from the time it's born,
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์ƒˆ๋ผ ๋Š‘๋Œ€๋Š” ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ•˜๋ฃจ๋„ ๋น ์ง์—†์ด
08:48
gaining increased doses of exposure from its environment.
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์ฆ๊ฐ€๋œ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ๋Šฅ ์ˆ˜์น˜์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:53
With every meal that that animal eats,
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๊ทธ ๋™๋ฌผ์ด ๋จน๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด
08:56
it then gets another dose of radiation from prey species.
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๋จน์ด๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ์ข…์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ๋Šฅ์— ํ”ผํญ๋˜์ฃ .
09:00
And we can see that radiation accumulating in this wolf population
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋Š‘๋Œ€ ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ๋Šฅ์ด ์ถ•์ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ
09:05
in the form of cesium-137.
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์„ธ์Š˜-137 ๋™์œ„ ์›์†Œ๋กœ ์ถ”์ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:09
And one of the things that our data are showing us
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์ด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์—์„œ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
์ฒด๋ฅด๋…ธ๋นŒ ๋Š‘๋Œ€ ๊ฒŒ๋†ˆ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์—ญ์€
09:14
is that the fastest-changing regions of the Chernobyl wolf genome
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09:20
occur in and around genes that we know are involved in cancer
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์•”์ด๋‚˜ ํฌ์œ ๋ฅ˜์˜ ํ•ญ(ๆŠ—) ์ข…์–‘ ๋ฉด์—ญ ๋ฐ˜์‘์—
09:25
or in the mammalian anti-tumor immune response.
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๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ์ „์ž์™€ ๊ทธ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:30
We're now working with biomedical companies
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ด์ œ ์ƒ์˜ํ•™ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค ๋ฐ ์•” ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜์—ฌ
09:33
and cancer biologists
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09:35
to understand the physiological impacts of these mutations
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ๋ฆฌํ•™์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ ค ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:40
with the hope that at least some of these changes
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์ €ํฌ์˜ ์†Œ๋ง์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋“ค ์ค‘ ์ ์–ด๋„ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š”
09:43
may lead us to novel therapeutics
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค ์ฃผ์–ด
09:46
that might result in new treatments for cancer in humans.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์•”์— ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:51
In this grand story of life,
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์ด ์ƒ๋ช…์˜ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ์†์—์„œ
09:53
we're writing a brand new chapter.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์žฅ์„ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:56
Now our chapter in this story is not a pretty one, let's be honest.
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์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ์†์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์žฅ์€ ์†”์งํžˆ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์ข‹์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ฃ .
10:01
As a matter of fact, there's a distinct possibility
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ข…์ด ์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ
10:03
that our species could bring about Earth's sixth major mass extinction event.
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์—ฌ์„ฏ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋Œ€ ๋ฉธ์ข…์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:10
So, you know, that sucks.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์š”, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ , ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์ฃ .
10:12
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋๋‚ด๋ฉด ์—‰๋ง์ด ๋˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
10:15
It'd be messed up if I had just left the talk like that, I was like,
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โ€œ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ž๋ž‘์Šค๋ ˆ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„ธ์š”, ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด๋งŒ.โ€
10:18
"Hope you're all proud of yourselves, bye."
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
10:20
(Laughter)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
10:22
(Applause)
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10:27
But luckily I don't have to leave the talk like that
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋‹คํ–‰ํžˆ๋„ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋๋‚ด์ง„ ์•Š์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
10:31
because this chapter is still being written.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด ์žฅ์€ ์•„์ง๋„ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ค‘์ด๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
10:35
Our chapter in this story of life is still happening,
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์ด ์ƒ๋ช…์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ์†์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์žฅ์€ ์•„์ง ๊ณ„์†๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:38
which means that there are still many possibilities ahead of us.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•ž์— ์•„์ง๋„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:41
We have the possibility to act,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ–‰๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
10:44
the possibility to fight for those species
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹ธ์šธ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์—†๋Š”
10:46
that don't have the ability to fight for themselves.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์‹ ํ•ด ์‹ธ์šธ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด์ฃ .
10:50
We have the possibility to turn our chapter in this story
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ์†์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์žฅ์„
10:55
into one of redemption,
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๊ตฌ์›์˜ ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ 
10:58
one of hope and one of care for this epic legacy of life
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ๋ ค๋ฐ›์€ ์ด ์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์›…๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ๋ช…์˜ ์œ ์‚ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
ํฌ๋ง๊ณผ ๋ณด์‚ดํ•Œ์˜ ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:03
on this planet that we've inherited.
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11:05
A legacy, by the way, that's four billion years in the making.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ทธ ์œ ์‚ฐ์€ 40์–ต ๋…„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
11:11
Which brings up the possibility that we can pass on a world to our kids
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์ด๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค๊ณผ ์†์ฃผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋„˜๊ฒจ์ค„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ํ‚ค์šฐ๊ณ 
11:18
and our grandkids
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11:20
so that they can enjoy and revel in the incredible biodiversity
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๊ทธ ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์ด ์ง„ํ™”์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ธ
11:25
that the story of evolution has produced.
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๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„ ์ฆ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ๋งŒ๋ฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:28
What Charles Darwin referred to as โ€œendless forms most beautiful.โ€
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์ฐฐ์Šค ๋‹ค์œˆ์ด ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
โ€˜๋ฌดํ•œ์€ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์„ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค.โ€™
11:33
One way or another, what we do matters.
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์–ด์จŒ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ €์จŒ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:38
We live in a time
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ๋Œ€๋Š”
11:40
when we are literally etching our decisions
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชธ์†์—, ํ”ผ๋ถ€์— ๋˜ ์ฃผ์œ„์— ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ข…๋“ค์˜ DNA์—
11:44
into the DNA of the species that live in, on and around us.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ด ๋ฌธ์ž ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ƒˆ๊ฒจ์ง€๋Š” ์‹œ๋Œ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:51
When we're considering this story that we're writing,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๋•Œ
11:55
what do we want our chapter in this grand story of life to be?
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์ด ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ๋ช…์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ์†์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์žฅ์ด ์–ด๋–ค ๋ชจ์Šต์ด๊ธธ ์›ํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
12:01
Thank you.
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์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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