How a miniaturized atomic clock could revolutionize space exploration | Jill Seubert

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2020-04-06 ・ TED


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How a miniaturized atomic clock could revolutionize space exploration | Jill Seubert

98,114 views ・ 2020-04-06

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:00
Transcriber: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Camille MartΓ­nez
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λ²ˆμ—­: Gyurin Lee κ²€ν† : DK Kim
00:12
Six months ago,
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6κ°œμ›” μ „,
00:14
I watched with bated breath
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μ €λŠ” μˆ¨μ„ 죽이고
00:17
as NASA's InSight lander descended towards the surface of Mars.
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NASA μΈμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ μ°©λ₯™μ„ μ΄ 화성에 μ°©λ₯™ν•˜λŠ” 것을 μ§€μΌœλ΄€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:22
Two hundred meters,
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200m,
00:24
80 meters,
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80m,
00:25
60, 40, 20, 17 meters.
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60, 40, 20, 17m.
00:29
Receiving confirmation of successful touchdown
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성곡적인 μ°©λ₯™μ„ ν™•μΈν–ˆμ„ λ•Œκ°€
00:33
was one of the most ecstatic moments of my life.
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제 삢에 μžˆμ–΄μ„œ κ°€μž₯ ν™©ν™€ν–ˆλ˜ μˆœκ°„ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:37
And hearing that news was possible because of two small cube sets
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κ·Έ μ†Œμ‹μ„ 듀을 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ 것은 μž‘μ€ 큐브 μ„ΈνŠΈ 두 개 λ•λΆ„μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:42
that went along to Mars with InSight.
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μΈμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈμ™€ 같이 ν™”μ„±μœΌλ‘œ 보낸 것이죠.
00:46
Those two cube sets essentially livestreamed InSight's telemetry
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κ·Έ 두 개의 νλΈŒλ“€μ€ μΈμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈμ˜ 원격 μΈ‘μ •μΉ˜λ₯Ό 거의 μ‹€μ‹œκ°„μœΌλ‘œ
00:51
back to Earth,
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μ§€κ΅¬λ‘œ μ€‘κ³„ν•΄μ€¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:53
so that we could watch in near-real time
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 거의 μ‹€μ‹œκ°„μœΌλ‘œ μΈμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ μ°©λ₯™μ„ μ΄
00:55
as that InSight lander went screaming towards the surface of the red planet,
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λ‚ μΉ΄λ‘œμš΄ μ†Œλ¦¬μ™€ ν•¨κ»˜ ν–‰μ„± ν‘œλ©΄μœΌλ‘œ λ‚΄λ €κ°€λŠ” μž₯면을 λ³Ό 수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:00
hitting the atmosphere of Mars
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ν™”μ„±μ˜ λŒ€κΈ°μ™€ λΆ€λ”ͺμΉ  λ•Œ
01:02
at a top speed of about 12,000 miles per hour.
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졜고 속λ ₯은 μ‹œμ† 1만9천kmμ˜€μ£ .
01:06
Now, that event was livestreamed to us
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κ·Έ 광경은 μƒμ€‘κ³„λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:09
from over 90 million miles away.
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1μ–΅ 5천만km 이상 λ¨Ό κ³³μ—μ„œμš”.
01:13
It was livestreamed from Mars.
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ν™”μ„±μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° μƒμ€‘κ³„λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:17
Meanwhile,
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ν•œνŽΈ,
01:19
the two Voyager spacecraft --
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두 개의 보이저 μš°μ£Όμ„ λ“€μ€
01:21
now, these are these two almost unbelievably intrepid explorers.
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μ΄μ œλŠ” 거의 믿을 수 없을 만큼 μš©κ°ν•œ νƒν—˜κ°€λ“€λ‘œ μ—¬κ²¨μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:25
They were launched
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그듀이 λ°œμ‚¬λœ ν•΄λŠ”
01:27
the same year that all of us here were being introduced to Han Solo
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μŠ€νƒ€μ›Œμ¦ˆ μ˜ν™”μ— ν•œ μ†”λ‘œκ°€ 처음 λ“±μž₯ν•œ λ°”λ‘œ κ·Έν•΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:30
for the first time.
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01:32
And they are still sending back data from interstellar space
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그듀은 μ„±κ°„ κ³΅κ°„μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° μ—¬μ „νžˆ 정보λ₯Ό λ³΄λ‚΄μ˜€κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:36
over 40 years later.
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40년이 λ„˜λŠ” μ‹œκ°„ λ™μ•ˆ 말이죠.
01:40
We are sending more spacecraft further into deep space
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έ μ–΄λŠ λ•Œλ³΄λ‹€ 더 λ§Žμ€ μš°μ£Όμ„ μ„ μ‹¬μš°μ£Όλ‘œ λ³΄λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:43
than ever before.
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01:45
But every one of those spacecraft out there
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μš°μ£Όμ— 보낸 λͺ¨λ“  μš°μ£Όμ„ λ“€μ˜
01:48
depends on its navigation being performed
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ν•­λ‘œλŠ” μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ μ •ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:51
right here at Earth
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λ°”λ‘œ μ—¬κΈ° μ§€κ΅¬μ—μ„œμš”.
01:53
to tell it where it is and, far more importantly,
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μš΄ν•­μ€ μš°μ£Όμ„ μ˜ μœ„μΉ˜μ™€, 더 μ€‘μš”ν•˜κ²Œλ„,
01:56
where it is going.
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λ°©ν–₯을 λ§ν•΄μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:57
And we have to do that navigation here on Earth for one simple reason:
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μ—¬κΈ° μ§€κ΅¬μ—μ„œ μš΄ν•­μ„ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ” μ΄μœ λŠ” λ‹¨μˆœν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:02
spacecraft are really bad at telling the time.
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μš°μ£Όμ„ μ΄ μ‹œκ°„μ„ μ „ν˜€ λͺ¨λ₯΄κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
02:06
But if we can change that,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ·Έκ±Έ λ°”κΏ€ 수 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄
02:08
we can revolutionize the way we explore deep space.
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μ‹¬μš°μ£Ό 탐사 방식에 μ—„μ²­λ‚œ ν˜μ‹ μ„ λΆˆλŸ¬μΌμœΌν‚¬ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:12
Now, I am a deep space navigator,
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μ €λŠ” μ‹¬μš°μ£Ό μ‘°μ’…μ‚¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:14
and I know you're probably thinking, "What is that job?"
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λŒ€μ²΄ 그게 뭐냐고 μƒκ°ν•˜μ‹œκ² μ£ .
02:17
Well, it is an extremely unique and also very fun job.
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μ‹¬μš°μ£Ό μ‘°μ’…μ‚¬λŠ” 맀우 λ…νŠΉν•˜κ³  λ™μ‹œμ— 맀우 μž¬λ―ΈμžˆλŠ” μ§μ—…μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:21
I steer spacecraft,
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μ œκ°€ μš°μ£Όμ„ μ„ μ‘°μ’…ν•˜λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:23
from the moment they separate from their launch vehicle
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λ°œμ‚¬μš© λ‘œμΌ“μ—μ„œ λΆ„λ¦¬λœ κ·Έ μˆœκ°„λΆ€ν„°
02:26
to when they reach their destination in space.
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μš°μ£Όμ— μžˆλŠ” λͺ©μ μ§€μ— 도착할 λ•ŒκΉŒμ§€ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:28
And these destinations -- say Mars for example, or Jupiter --
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λͺ©μ μ§€λ₯Ό ν™”μ„± ν˜Ήμ€ λͺ©μ„±μ΄λΌκ³  κ°€μ •ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:32
they are really far away.
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그듀은 μ•„μ£Ό 멀리 λ–¨μ–΄μ Έ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:34
To put my job in context for you:
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제 직업을 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κΈ° μ‰½κ²Œ λΉ„μœ ν•΄ 보면
02:37
it's like me standing here in Los Angeles and shooting an arrow,
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마치 λ‘œμŠ€μ—”μ €λ ˆμŠ€μ—μ„œ μ œκ°€ ν™œμ„ μ˜λŠ”λ°
κ·Έ ν™”μ‚΄λ‘œ 25μ„ΌνŠΈ λ™μ „λ§Œν•œ 과녁을 λ§žμΆ”λŠ” 것과 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:42
and with that arrow, I hit a target that's the size of a quarter,
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02:46
and that target the size of a quarter is sitting in Times Square, New York.
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κ·Έ 동전은 λ‰΄μš•μ— λ†“μ—¬μžˆκ³ μš”.
02:52
Now, I have the opportunity to adjust the course of my spacecraft
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μš°μ£Όμ„ μ˜ μ§„λ‘œλ₯Ό μ‘°μ •ν•  κΈ°νšŒλŠ”
02:56
a few times along that trajectory,
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ꢀ도λ₯Ό λ”°λΌμ„œ λͺ‡ 번 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:58
but in order to do that, I need to know where it is.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 그러기 μœ„ν•΄μ„ , λ¨Όμ € μœ„μΉ˜λ₯Ό μ•Œμ•„μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:02
And tracking a spacecraft as it travels through deep space
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μ‹¬μš°μ£Όλ₯Ό μ—¬ν–‰ν•  λ™μ•ˆ μš°μ£Όμ„ μ„ μΆ”μ ν•˜λŠ” 것은
03:06
is fundamentally a problem of measuring time.
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기본적으둜 μ‹œκ°„ μΈ‘μ •μ˜ λ¬Έμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:09
You see, I can't just pull out my ruler and measure how far away my spacecraft is.
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λ‹¨μˆœν•˜κ²Œ 자λ₯Ό κΊΌλ‚΄μ„œ μš°μ£Όμ„ μ΄ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ λ–¨μ–΄μ ΈμžˆλŠ”μ§€ 잴 μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†μ£ .
κ·Έλ ‡μ§€λ§Œ μΈ‘μ • 방법이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:14
But I can measure
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03:15
how long it takes a signal to get there and back again.
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μ‹ ν˜Έλ₯Ό 보내고 λ‹€μ‹œ λŒμ•„μ˜€λŠ” 데 κ±Έλ¦¬λŠ” μ‹œκ°„μ„ 톡해 말이죠.
03:19
And the concept is exactly the same as an echo.
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이 κ°œλ…μ€ 메아리와 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:23
If I stand in front of a mountain and I shout,
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λ§Œμ•½ μ‚° μ•žμ— μ„œμ„œ μ†Œλ¦¬λ₯Ό 지λ₯Έλ‹€λ©΄
03:26
the longer it takes for me to hear my echo back at me,
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메아리λ₯Ό λ‹€μ‹œ 듀을 λ•ŒκΉŒμ§€ κ±Έλ¦¬λŠ” μ‹œκ°„μ΄ κΈΈλ©΄ 길수둝
산이 더 멀리 λ–¨μ–΄μ ΈμžˆμŒμ„ μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:30
the further away that mountain is.
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03:32
So we measure that signal time very, very accurately,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έ μ‹ ν˜Έ μ‹œκ°„μ„ μ•„μ£Ό μ•„μ£Ό μ •ν™•ν•˜κ²Œ μΈ‘μ •ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:38
because getting it wrong by just a tiny fraction of a second
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ λͺ‡ λΆ„μ˜ 1μ΄ˆλΌλŠ” 짧은 μ‹œκ°„μ΄λΌλ„ ν‹€λ¦°λ‹€λ©΄
03:42
might mean the difference between your spacecraft safely and gently landing
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이 λ‘˜ μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ 차이가 μƒκΈ°λŠ” κ±Έ μ˜λ―Έν• μ§€λ„ λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μš°μ£Όμ„ μ΄ λ‹€λ₯Έ ν–‰μ„±μ˜ ν‘œλ©΄μ— μ•ˆμ „ν•˜κ³  λΆ€λ“œλŸ½κ²Œ μ°©λ₯™ν•˜λŠ” 것과
03:47
on the surface of another planet
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03:48
or creating yet another crater on that surface.
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ν‘œλ©΄μ— 또 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 뢄화ꡬλ₯Ό λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 것.
03:52
Just a tiny fraction of a second,
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μ•„μ£Ό 짧은 μˆœκ°„μ˜ 차이가
03:54
and it can be the difference between a mission's life or death.
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μž„λ¬΄μ˜ 성곡과 μ‹€νŒ¨μ˜ 차이가 될 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:59
So we measure that signal time very, very accurately here on Earth,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ§€κ΅¬μ—μ„œ κ·Έ μ‹ ν˜Έ μ‹œκ°„μ„ μ•„μ£Ό μ •ν™•ν•˜κ²Œ μΈ‘μ •ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:03
down to better than one-billionth of a second.
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10μ–΅λΆ„μ˜ 1μ΄ˆκΉŒμ§€ λ§μ΄μ—μš”.
04:06
But it has to be measured here on Earth.
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κ·Έλ ‡μ§€λ§Œ μ§€κ΅¬μ—μ„œ μΈ‘μ •ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:09
There's this great imbalance of scale when it comes to deep space exploration.
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그게 μ‹¬μš°μ£Ό 탐사와 κ΄€λ ¨ν•œ μ‹¬κ°ν•œ λΆˆκ· ν˜•μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:15
Historically, we have been able to send smallish things extremely far away,
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μ—­μ‚¬μ μœΌλ‘œ, μž‘μ€ 물건을 μ•„μ£Ό 멀리 λ³΄λ‚΄λŠ” 것이 κ°€λŠ₯ν•΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:21
thanks to very large things here on our home planet.
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지ꡬ에 μžˆλŠ” μ•„μ£Ό 큰 물체 덕뢄이죠.
04:24
As an example, this is the size of a satellite dish
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μžλ©΄, μœ„μ„± μ•ˆν…Œλ‚˜λŠ” μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ ν½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:27
that we use to talk to these spacecraft in deep space.
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μ‹¬μš°μ£Όμ— μžˆλŠ” μš°μ£Όμ„ λ“€κ³Ό 연락할 λ•Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
ν•­ν•΄λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” μ›μž μ‹œκ³„ λ˜ν•œ ν½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:31
And the atomic clocks that we use for navigation are also large.
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04:35
The clocks and all of their supporting hardware
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μ›μž μ‹œκ³„μ™€ 이 λͺ¨λ“  보쑰 μž₯비듀은
04:37
can be up to the size of a refrigerator.
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냉μž₯고만큼 클 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:40
Now, if we even want to talk about sending that capability into deep space,
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이 μ‹œκ³„λ₯Ό μ‹¬μš°μ£Όλ‘œ λ³΄λ‚΄λŠ” 데 λŒ€ν•΄ 말이라도 ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άλ‹€λ©΄
04:45
that refrigerator needs to shrink down
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κ·Έ 냉μž₯κ³ λŠ” μž‘μ•„μ§ˆ ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:47
into something that can fit inside the produce drawer.
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과일칸에 λ“€μ–΄κ°ˆ 만큼 λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:51
So why does this matter?
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ μ™œ 이게 λ¬Έμ œκ°€ λ κΉŒμš”?
04:53
Well, let's revisit one of our intrepid explorers, Voyager 1.
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우리의 μš©κ°ν•œ νƒν—˜κ°€μΈ 보이저 1호λ₯Ό λ‹€μ‹œ λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
보이저 1ν˜ΈλŠ” ν˜„μž¬ 210μ–΅km 이상 멀리 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:59
Voyager 1 is just over 13 billion miles away right now.
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05:03
As you know, it took over 40 years to get there,
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μ•Œλ‹€μ‹œν”Ό 40년도 λ„˜κ²Œ κ±Έλ Έμ£ .
05:06
and it takes a signal traveling at the speed of light over 40 hours
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λΉ›μ˜ μ†λ„λ‘œ 40μ‹œκ°„μ΄ λ„˜κ²Œ κ±Έλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ‹ ν˜Έκ°€ 그곳에 λ„λ‹¬ν–ˆλ‹€κ°€ λ‹€μ‹œ λŒμ•„μ˜€λŠ” λ°μš”.
05:11
to get there and back again.
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그런데 μš°μ£Όμ„ μ—λŠ” λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:14
And here's the thing about these spacecraft:
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05:16
they move really fast.
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그듀은 μ•„μ£Ό λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ μ›€μ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:19
And Voyager 1 doesn't stop and wait for us to send directions from Earth.
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보이저 1ν˜ΈλŠ” μ§€κ΅¬μ—μ„œ λ°©ν–₯ μ§€μ‹œλ₯Ό λ³΄λ‚΄λŠ” λ™μ•ˆ λ©ˆμΆ°μžˆμ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:24
Voyager 1 keeps moving.
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보이저 1ν˜ΈλŠ” 계속 μ›€μ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:26
In that 40 hours that we are waiting
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κΈ°λ‹€λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έ 40μ‹œκ°„,
μ§€κ΅¬μ—μ„œ 메아리 μ‹ ν˜Έλ₯Ό λ“£κΈ°κΉŒμ§€ κ±Έλ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έ μ‹œκ°„ λ™μ•ˆ,
05:29
to hear that echo signal here on the Earth,
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05:31
Voyager 1 has moved on by about 1.5 million miles.
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보이저 1ν˜ΈλŠ” κ³„μ†ν•΄μ„œ μ•½ 240만kmλ₯Ό 더 μ›€μ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:36
It's 1.5 million miles further into largely uncharted territory.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ•Œμ§€ λͺ»ν•˜λŠ” 곳으둜 240만kmλ₯Ό 더 κ°„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:41
So it would be great
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆ μš°μ£Όμ„ μ—μ„œ 직접 μ‹ ν˜Έ μ‹œκ°„μ„
05:43
if we could measure that signal time directly at the spacecraft.
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μΈ‘μ •ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄ 쒋을 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:47
But the miniaturization of atomic clock technology is ...
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ›μž μ‹œκ³„λ₯Ό μΆ•μ†Œν•˜λŠ” κΈ°μˆ μ€ μ–΄λ ΅μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:51
well, it's difficult.
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05:53
Not only does the clock technology and all the supporting hardware
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μ‹œκ³„μ™€ λͺ¨λ“  보쑰 μž₯비듀이
05:56
need to shrink down,
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μ€„μ–΄λ“€μ–΄μ•Όλ§Œ ν•  뿐 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
05:58
but you also need to make it work.
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μ œλŒ€λ‘œ μž‘λ™λ„ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:02
Space is an exceptionally harsh environment,
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μš°μ£ΌλŠ” μ΄λ‘€μ μœΌλ‘œ ν˜Ήλ…ν•œ ν™˜κ²½μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:05
and if one piece breaks on this instrument,
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κΈ°κΈ°μ—μ„œ ν•œ 뢀뢄이 κ³ μž₯λ‚˜λ”λΌλ„
06:07
it's not like we can just send a technician out to replace the piece
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κ·Έμ € 기술자λ₯Ό 보내 λΆ€ν’ˆμ„ κ°ˆμ•„ 끼우고
06:11
and continue on our way.
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계속 ν•΄λ‚˜κ°ˆ 수 μžˆλŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:13
The journeys that these spacecraft take can last months, years,
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μš°μ£Όμ„ μ˜ 여정은 λͺ‡ 달, λͺ‡ λ…„,
06:19
even decades.
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μ‹¬μ§€μ–΄λŠ” λͺ‡μ‹­ λ…„κ°„ μ§€μ†λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:21
And designing and building a precision instrument that can support that
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μš°μ£Όμ„ μ„ μœ μ§€ν•˜λŠ” μ •λ°€ν•œ κΈ°κΈ°λ₯Ό μ„€κ³„ν•˜κ³  λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 것은
06:26
is as much an art as it is a science and an engineering.
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κ³Όν•™μ΄λ‚˜ κΈ°μˆ μ΄λ©΄μ„œ λ™μ‹œμ— μ˜ˆμˆ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
쒋은 μ†Œμ‹λ„ μžˆλŠ”λ° μ–΄λŠ 정도 μ—„μ²­λ‚œ 진전을 이루고 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:32
But there is good news: we are making some amazing progress,
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06:36
and we're about to take our very first baby steps
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 막 μ²«κ±ΈμŒμ„ λ”›κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:39
into a new age of atomic space clocks.
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λ°”λ‘œ 우주 μ›μž μ‹œκ³„ μ‹œλŒ€λ‘œ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:43
Soon we will be launching
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 곧 μš°μ£Όμ— μ ν•©ν•˜λ©° μ΄μ˜¨μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•œ μ›μž μ‹œκ³„λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:45
an ion-based atomic clock that is space-suitable.
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06:48
And this clock has the potential to completely flip the way we navigate.
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이 μ‹œκ³„λŠ” 우리의 ν•­ν•΄ 방식을 μ™„μ „νžˆ λ°”κΏ€ λ§Œν•œ 잠재λ ₯이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:52
This clock is so stable,
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이 μ‹œκ³„λŠ” μ•„μ£Ό μ•ˆμ •μ μ΄κ³ 
06:54
it measures time so well,
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μ‹œκ°„μ„ μ•„μ£Ό 잘 μΈ‘μ •ν•΄μ„œ
06:55
that if I put it right here and I turned it on,
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μ œκ°€ 전원을 μΌœμ„œ 여기에 두고
06:58
and I walked away,
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λ‚˜κ°”λ‹€κ°€
07:00
I would have to come back nine million years later
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900만 λ…„ 후에 λ‹€μ‹œ μ™€μ„œ
07:03
for that clock's measurement to be off by one second.
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츑정해보면 κ·Έ μ‹œκ³„μ˜ μ˜€μ°¨λŠ” 단지 1초일 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:07
So what can we do with a clock like this?
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이런 μ‹œκ³„λ‘œ 뭘 ν•  수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
07:09
Well, instead of doing all of the spacecraft navigation
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λͺ¨λ“  μš°μ£Όμ„  ν•­ν•΄λ₯Ό μ§€κ΅¬μ—μ„œ μ‘°μ •ν•˜λŠ” 게 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
07:13
here on the Earth,
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07:14
what if we let the spacecraft navigate themselves?
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μš°μ£Όμ„ μ΄ 슀슀둜 ν•­ν•΄ν•˜κ²Œ ν•˜λ©΄ μ–΄λ–¨κΉŒμš”?
07:17
Onboard autonomous navigation, or a self-driving spacecraft, if you will,
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μš°μ£Όμ„ μ— μ„€μΉ˜λœ 자율 ν•­ν•΄ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ,
λ˜λŠ” 슀슀둜 λ‚ μ•„κ°€λŠ” μš°μ£Όμ„ μ€
07:21
is one of the top technologies needed
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κ°€μž₯ μ •κ΅ν•œ κΈ°μˆ λ“€ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:23
if we are going to survive in deep space.
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μ‹¬μš°μ£Όμ—μ„œ 살아남기 μœ„ν•΄ ν•„μš”ν•œ 기술이죠.
07:27
When we inevitably send humans to Mars or even further,
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λΆˆκ°€ν”Όν•˜κ²Œ 인간을 ν™”μ„±, ν˜Ήμ€ 더 멀리 보낼 λ•Œ,
07:30
we need to be navigating that ship in real time,
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κ·Έ μš°μ£Όμ„ μ€ μ‹€μ‹œκ°„μœΌλ‘œ μ‘°μ’…ν•΄μ•Όλ§Œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:33
not waiting for directions to come from Earth.
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μ§€κ΅¬μ—μ„œ μ˜€λŠ” μ§€μ‹œλ₯Ό κΈ°λ‹€λ¦¬λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆκ³ μš”.
07:36
And measuring that time wrong by just a tiny fraction of a second
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κ·Έ μˆœκ°„μ˜ μΈ‘μ • μ˜€μ°¨κ°€
07:39
can mean the difference between a mission's life or death,
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성곡과 μ‹€νŒ¨λ₯Ό μ’Œμš°ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:42
which is bad enough for a robotic mission,
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λ‘œλ΄‡μ΄ μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜λŠ” μž„λ¬΄λΌ 해도 μ•„μ£Ό 쒋지 μ•Šμ£ .
07:45
but just think about the consequences if there was a human crew on board.
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λ§Œμ•½ 우주 비행사듀이 타고 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€λ©΄ κ²°κ³Όκ°€ 어땠을지 μƒκ°ν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
07:50
But let's assume that we can get our astronauts
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 우주 비행사듀을 μ•ˆμ „ν•˜κ²Œ
07:52
safely to the surface of their destination.
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λͺ©μ μ§€κΉŒμ§€ 보낼 수 μžˆλ‹€ κ°€μ •ν•΄λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
07:54
Once they're there, I imagine they'd like a way to find their way around.
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μš°μ£ΌλΉ„ν–‰μ‚¬λ“€μ΄ 일단 λ„μ°©ν•˜λ©΄ 주변을 μ•Œκ³  μ‹Άμ–΄ν•˜κ² μ£ .
07:58
Well, with this clock technology,
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ‹œκ³„ 기술과 ν•¨κ»˜λΌλ©΄,
08:00
we can now build GPS-like navigation systems
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GPS 같은 κΈΈμ°ΎκΈ° μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ„ λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:04
at other planets and moons.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ ν–‰μ„±κ³Ό μœ„μ„±μ—μ„œ 말이죠.
08:06
Imagine having GPS on the Moon or Mars.
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λ‹¬μ΄λ‚˜ ν™”μ„±μ—μ„œ GPSλ₯Ό κ°–κ³  μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•΄λ΄μš”.
08:09
Can you see an astronaut standing on the surface of Mars
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우주 비행사가 ν™”μ„± ν‘œλ©΄μ— μžˆλŠ”λ°
08:12
with Olympus Mons rising in the background,
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κ·Έ λ’€μ—” μ˜¬λ¦Όν‘ΈμŠ€ 산이 우뚝 μ†Ÿμ•„μžˆκ³ 
08:15
and she's looking down at her Google Maps Mars Edition
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ꡬ글 맡 ν™”μ„±νŒμ„ λ‚΄λ €λ‹€ λ³΄λ©΄μ„œ
08:19
to see where she is
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μœ„μΉ˜λ₯Ό ν™•μΈν•˜κ³ 
08:20
and to chart a course to get where she needs to go?
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λͺ©μ μ§€κΉŒμ§€ 경둜λ₯Ό μ§œλŠ” λͺ¨μŠ΅μ΄ κ·Έλ €μ§€λ‚˜μš”?
μž μ‹œ μ œκ°€ 상상을 ν•΄ λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:24
Allow me to dream for a moment,
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08:25
and let's talk about something far, far in the future,
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μ•„μ£Ό λ¨Ό λ―Έλž˜μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기 해보렀고 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:28
when we are sending humans to places much further away than Mars,
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화성보닀 훨씬 더 λ¨Ό 곳에 μ‚¬λžŒμ„ 보낸닀고 ν•΄ λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
08:32
places where waiting for a signal from the Earth in order to navigate
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μ–΄λ””λ‘œ 가야할지 μ•Œλ €μ£ΌλŠ” μ‹ ν˜Έκ°€ μ§€κ΅¬μ—μ„œ μ˜€λŠ” κ±Έ κΈ°λ‹€λ¦¬λŠ” 것이
08:37
is just not realistic.
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λΉ„ν˜„μ‹€μ μΈ κ³³μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:39
Imagine in this scenario that we can have a constellation,
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ³„μžλ¦¬λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•œλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
08:42
a network of communication satellites scattered throughout deep space
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μ‹¬μš°μ£Ό μ—¬κΈ°μ €κΈ° 흩어진 ν†΅μ‹ μœ„μ„± 망이
08:47
broadcasting navigation signals,
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ν•­ν•΄ μ‹ ν˜Έλ₯Ό μ†‘μΆœν•˜κ³ 
08:49
and any spacecraft picking up that signal
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κ·Έ μ‹ ν˜Έλ₯Ό 듀은 μ–΄λ– ν•œ μš°μ£Όμ„ μ΄λΌλ„
08:52
can travel from destination to destination to destination
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λͺ©μ μ§€λ“€μ„ ν–₯ν•΄ μ—¬ν–‰ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:55
with no direct tie to the Earth at all.
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μ§€κ΅¬μ™€μ˜ 직접적인 연결이 μ „ν˜€ μ—†λŠ” μƒν™©μ—μ„œλ„μš”.
08:59
The ability to accurately measure time in deep space
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μ‹¬μš°μ£Όμ—μ„œ μ •ν™•ν•˜κ²Œ μ‹œκ°„μ„ μ •ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” λŠ₯λ ₯은
09:03
can forever change the way we navigate.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•­ν•΄ν•˜λŠ” 방식을 μ˜μ›νžˆ λ°”κΏ€ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:06
But it also has the potential to give us some pretty cool science.
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그리고 μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ 잠재적으둜 멋진 과학을 전달해쀄 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:09
You see, that same signal that we use for navigation
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ν•­ν•΄λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ μ“°λŠ” λ°”λ‘œ κ·Έ μ‹ ν˜Έκ°€
09:13
tells us something about where it came from
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μžμ‹ μ΄ μ–΄λ””μ—μ„œ μ™”λŠ”μ§€
09:16
and the journey that it took as it traveled from antenna to antenna.
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μ•ˆν…Œλ‚˜μ—μ„œ μ•ˆν…Œλ‚˜λ‘œ μ΄λ™ν•œ κ·Έ 여행이 μ–΄λ• λŠ”μ§€ λ§ν•΄μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:20
And that journey, that gives us data, data to build better models,
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κ·Έ 여행은 더 λ‚˜μ€ λͺ¨λΈμ„ λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆλŠ” 자료λ₯Ό μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
νƒœμ–‘κ³„ λ„μ²˜μ—μ„œ ν–‰μ„± λŒ€κΈ°μ˜ 더 λ‚˜μ€ λͺ¨ν˜•μ„ λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:25
better models of planetary atmospheres throughout our solar system.
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09:30
We can detect subsurface oceans on far-off icy moons,
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μ•„λ“ν•œ μ–ΌμŒ 달에 μžˆλŠ” λ°”λ‹€ λ°‘λ°”λ‹₯을 λ³Ό 수 있고
09:34
maybe even detect tiny ripples in space due to relativistic gravity.
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μ–΄μ©Œλ©΄ μƒλŒ€λ‘ μ  쀑λ ₯의 μž‘μ€ μž”λ¬Όκ²°μ„ 감지할 수 μžˆμ„μ§€λ„ λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:40
Onboard autonomous navigation means we can support more spacecraft,
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μš°μ£Όμ„  νƒ‘μž¬ 자율 ν•­ν•΄λ‘œ 더 λ§Žμ€ μš°μ£Όμ„ μ„ μš΄μ˜ν•  수 있고
09:44
more sensors to explore the universe,
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더 λ§Žμ€ κ°μ§€κΈ°λ‘œ 우주λ₯Ό νƒν—˜ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:47
and it also frees up navigators -- people like me --
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λ˜ν•œ μ € 같은 항해사듀을 자유둭게 ν•΄μ„œ
09:51
to work on finding the answers to other questions.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 문제의 닡을 찾도둝 ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:55
And we still have a lot of questions to answer.
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μš°λ¦¬μ—κ² ν’€μ–΄μ•Ό ν•  질문이 아직 많이 λ‚¨μ•„μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:00
We know such precious little about this universe around us.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 우리 μš°μ£Όμ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ μ•„μ£Ό 쑰금만 μ•Œ λΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:05
In recent years, we have discovered nearly 3,000 planetary systems
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μ΅œκ·Όμ— μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 행성계λ₯Ό 거의 3,000개 λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:10
outside of our own solar system,
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우리 νƒœμ–‘κ³„ λ°–μ—μ„œ λ§μ΄μ—μš”.
10:12
and those systems are home to almost 4,000 exoplanets.
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μ΄λ“€μ—λŠ” νƒœμ–‘κ³„ λ°– 행성듀이 μ•½ 4천 개 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:16
To put that number in context for you:
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ˜ 이해λ₯Ό λ„μ™€λ“œλ¦¬μžλ©΄,
10:18
when I was learning about planets for the first time as a child,
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μ œκ°€ μ–΄λ¦° μ‹œμ ˆ 행성에 λŒ€ν•΄ 처음 배울 λ•Œμ—λŠ”
10:22
there were nine,
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9개의 행성이 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:24
or eight if you didn't count Pluto.
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λͺ…왕성을 μ œμ™Έν•œλ‹€λ©΄ 8κ°œλ„€μš”.
10:26
But now there are 4,000.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ§€κΈˆμ€ 4천 κ°œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:29
It is estimated that dark matter
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좔정에 μ˜ν•˜λ©΄ 암흑 물질이
10:31
makes up about 96 percent of our universe,
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우주의 96%λ₯Ό μ°¨μ§€ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:35
and we don't even know what it is.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 암흑 물질이 뭔지도 λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:38
All of the science returned
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λͺ¨λ“  μ‹¬μš°μ£Ό μž„λ¬΄μ—μ„œ 얻은 과학듀은
10:40
from all of our deep space missions combined
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10:43
is just this single drop of knowledge
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μ§€μ‹μ˜ μ•„μ£Ό 일뢀뢄에 μ§€λ‚˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:47
in a vast ocean of questions.
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μ•„μ£Ό κ΄‘ν™œν•œ 질문의 λ°”λ‹€μ—μ„œ 말이죠.
10:50
And if we want to learn more,
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λ”°λΌμ„œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 더 μ•Œκ³  μ‹Άλ‹€λ©΄,
10:53
to discover more, to understand more,
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더 λ°œκ²¬ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άκ³ , 더 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άλ‹€λ©΄,
10:56
then we need to explore more.
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더 νƒν—˜ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:00
The ability to accurately keep time in deep space
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μ‹¬μš°μ£Όμ—μ„œ μ‹œκ°„μ„ μ •ν™•ν•˜κ²Œ μ•Œ 수 μžˆλŠ” λŠ₯λ ₯은
11:03
will revolutionize the way that we can explore this universe,
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이 우주λ₯Ό νƒν—˜ν•˜λŠ” 데 ν˜μ‹ μ„ κ°€μ Έλ‹€ 쀄 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:07
and it might just be one of the keys to unlocking some of those secrets
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이건 μš°μ£Όκ°€ μ•„μ£Ό μ†Œμ€‘ν•˜κ²Œ μ—¬κΈ°λŠ” λΉ„λ°€μ˜ 일뢀λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ
11:11
that she holds so dear.
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ν•œ 열쇠일지도 λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:14
Thank you.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:15
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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