How we can make racism a solvable problem -- and improve policing | Dr. Phillip Atiba Goff

87,480 views

2019-10-03 ใƒป TED


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How we can make racism a solvable problem -- and improve policing | Dr. Phillip Atiba Goff

87,480 views ใƒป 2019-10-03

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: KyoungHwan Oh ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:13
When people meet me for the first time on my job,
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์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—
00:16
they often feel inspired to share a revelation they've had about me,
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๊ทธ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ์ €์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋“ค์„ ํ„ธ์–ด๋†“๊ณค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
and it kind of goes something like this.
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๋Œ€๋žต ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ์š”.
00:22
"Hey, I know why police chiefs
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"๋‚˜๋Š” ์™œ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ๊ด€๋“ค์ด
00:24
like to share their deep, dark secrets with you.
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์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ์–ด๋‘ก๊ณ  ๊นŠ์€ ๋น„๋ฐ€๋“ค์„ ์™œ ๋„ˆ์—๊ฒŒ ํ„ธ์–ด ๋†“๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ ๊ฑฐ ๊ฐ™์•„.
00:27
Phil, with your PhD in psychology,
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ํ•„, ๋„ˆ๋Š” ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ์ด๊ณ 
00:30
and your shiny bald head,
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๋ฐ˜์ง์ด๋Š” ๋Œ€๋จธ๋ฆฌ์ง€.
00:31
you're basically the Black Dr. Phil, right?"
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋„ˆ๋Š” ํ‘์ธ ํ•„ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ์ž–์•„?"
00:33
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
00:34
And for each and every person who's ever said that to me
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์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์„ ํ•œ ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜
00:37
I do want to say thank you
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๊ณ ๋ง™๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:38
because that was the first time I ever heard that joke.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋†๋‹ด์„ ๋“ค์€ ๊ฑด ์ฒ˜์Œ์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
00:41
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
00:42
But for everybody else, I really hope you'll believe me
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ชจ๋‘๋“ค ์ œ ๋ง์„ ๋ฏฟ์œผ์…จ์Œ ์ข‹๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”
00:45
when I tell you no police chief likes talking to me
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๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ๊ด€๋“ค์€ ์ €๋ž‘ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„์š”.
00:47
because they think I'm a clinical psychologist.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ž„์ƒ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
00:49
And also I'm not.
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๋งž์•„์š”, ์ €๋Š” ์ž„์ƒ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:51
I have no idea what your mother did to you, and I can't help.
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๋‹น์‹  ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ํ•œํ…Œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ €๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ณ , ๋„์™€๋“œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:54
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
00:55
Police chiefs like talking to me
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๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ๊ด€๋“ค์ด ์ €๋ž‘ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š”
00:57
because I'm an expert on a problem that feels impossible for them to solve:
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ’€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:01
racism in their profession.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง์—…์ƒ์˜ ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:03
Now my expertise comes from being a scientist
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์ œ ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ์€ ๊ณผํ•™์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:06
who studies how our minds learn to associate Blackness and crime
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ‘์ธ๊ณผ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ด€์ง“๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:10
and misperceive Black children as older than they actually are.
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ํ‘์ธ ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ์‹ค์ œ ๋‚˜์ด๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋Š” ์˜คํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š”์ง€๋„์š”.
01:13
It also comes from studying actual police behavior,
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๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์˜ ์‹ค์ œ ํ–‰๋™๋„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
01:16
which is how I know that every year,
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๋งค๋…„,
01:18
about one in five adults in the United States
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์„ฑ์ธ 5๋ช… ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…์€
01:20
has contact with law enforcement.
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๋ฒ• ์ง‘ํ–‰ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ์ ‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:23
Out of those, about a million are targeted for police use of force.
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๊ทธ์ค‘ ์•ฝ ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ช…์€ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ๊ด€์˜ ๋ฌด๋ ฅํ–‰์‚ฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
01:26
And if you're Black,
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ํ‘์ธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ,\
01:27
you're two to four times more likely to be targeted for that force
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๊ทธ ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ์—์„œ ๋„ค ๋ฐฐ ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
than if you're white.
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๋ฐฑ์ธ์ผ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ณด๋‹ค์š”.
01:32
But it also comes from knowing what those statistics feel like.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ†ต๊ณ„์  ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋ญ˜ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ €๋Š” ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
I've experienced the fear of seeing an officer unclip their gun
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๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ด ์ด์„ ์ ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ์žฅ๋ฉด์„ ๋ชฉ๊ฒฉํ•  ๋•Œ์˜ ๊ณตํฌ์‹ฌ๊ณผ
01:40
and the panic of realizing that someone might mistake my 13-year-old godson
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋Š” 13์‚ด์งœ๋ฆฌ ์ œ ๋Œ€์ž๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ˜‘์ ์ธ ์กด์žฌ๋กœ ์˜คํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š”
01:44
as old enough to be a threat.
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๋‘๋ ค์›€์„ ์ €๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:47
So when a police chief,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ๊ด€์ด๋‚˜,
01:49
or a pastor,
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๋ชฉ์‚ฌ,
01:51
or an imam, or a mother --
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์ข…๊ต์ง€๋„์ž, ํ˜น์€ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
01:52
when they call me after an officer shoots another unarmed Black child,
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๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ด ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํ‘์ธ์•„์ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์„ ๋•Œ,
01:57
I understand a bit of the pain in their voice.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๋Š๊ปด์ง€๋Š” ๊ณ ํ†ต์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:00
It's the pain of a heart breaking when it fails to solve a deadly problem.
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์Šด์ด ์ฐข์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ณ ํ†ต์„์š”.
02:06
Breaking from trying to do something
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ณ ํ†ต ์ฆ‰,
02:08
that feels simultaneously necessary and impossible.
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ํ•ด์•ผํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋™์‹œ์— ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ทธ ๋ฌด์—‡์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ํ†ต ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:15
The way trying to fix racism usually feels.
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์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•  ๋•Œ ํ”ํžˆ ๋Š๊ปด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฐ์ •์ด์ฃ .
02:17
Necessary and impossible.
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๊ผญ ํ•ด์•ผํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฐ์ • ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
So, police chiefs like talking to me because I'm an expert,
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๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ๊ด€๋“ค์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ €์™€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
but I doubt they'd be lining up to lie down on Dr. Phil's couch
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ณ„์† ์ €ํ•˜๊ณ  ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„์ง€ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:27
if I told them all their problems were hopeless.
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๋งŒ์ผ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”.
02:29
All of my research,
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๊ทธ๊ฐ„ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์˜จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€,
02:31
and the decade of work I've done with my center --
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์„ผํ„ฐ์—์„œ 10๋…„๊ฐ„ ํ•ด์˜จ ํ™œ๋™์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋น„์ถ”์–ด ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”.
02:33
the Center for Policing Equity --
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์„ผํ„ฐ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ์น˜์•ˆํ‰๋“ฑ์„ผํ„ฐ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
02:35
actually leads me to a hopeful conclusion
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ํฌ๋ง์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
amidst all the heartbreak of race in America,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋”์ฐํ•œ ์ผ๋“ค์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
02:39
which is this:
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
02:41
trying to solve racism feels impossible
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์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ
02:45
because our definition of racism makes it impossible --
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •์˜๊ฐ€ ์ž˜๋ชป ๋‚ด๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
but it doesn't have to be that way.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
02:50
So here's what I mean.
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š”์š”.
02:52
The most common definition of racism
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์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ •์˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
02:54
is that racist behaviors are the product of contaminated hearts and minds.
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์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ ์ธ ํ–‰๋™์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐ์ •๊ณผ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ์˜ค์—ผ๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ฃ .
02:59
When you listen to the way we talk about trying to cure racism,
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์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ ์—†์• ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ,
03:02
you'll hear it.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์„ ๋“ค์œผ์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:03
"We need to stamp out hatred.
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"์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜์˜ค๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ•ด๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
We need to combat ignorance," right?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์ง€์™€ ์‹ธ์›Œ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
03:07
It's hearts and minds.
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๊ฐ์ •๊ณผ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–˜๊ธฐ์ฃ .
03:09
Now the only problem with that definition is that it's completely wrong --
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์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทธ ์ •์˜๋Š” ์™„๋ฒฝํžˆ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:13
both scientifically and otherwise.
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๊ณผํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ๋„์š”.
03:15
One of the foundational insights of social psychology
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์‚ฌํšŒ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ํ†ต์ฐฐ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
03:18
is that attitudes are very weak predictors of behaviors,
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ํƒœ๋„๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์˜ ๋งค์šฐ ์•ฝํ•œ ์˜ˆ๊ณ ์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:21
but more importantly than that,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
03:22
no Black community has ever taken to the streets
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์–ด๋–ค ํ‘์ธ ๋‹จ์ฒด๋„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€
03:25
to demand that white people would love us more.
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๋ฐฑ์ธ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋” ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•ด ์ฃผ๊ธธ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:28
Communities march to stop the killing,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ด์ธ์„ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”์–ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
03:32
because racism is about behaviors, not feelings.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์€ ๊ฐ์ •์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ–‰๋™์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
And even when civil rights leaders
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹œ๋ฏผ ์šด๋™๊ฐ€์ธ
03:38
like King and Fannie Lou Hamer used the language of love,
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๋งˆํ‹ด๋ฃจํ„ฐํ‚น์ด๋‚˜ ํŒจ๋‹ˆ ๋ฃจ ํ•ด๋จธ๋„ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์˜ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
03:41
the racism they fought,
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์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„ ์ฒ ํ์šด๋™์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ
03:43
that was segregation and brutality.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฐจ๋ณ„๋Œ€์šฐ์™€ ์ž”์ธํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
It's actions over feelings.
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๊ฐ์ •์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ํ–‰๋™ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
And every one of those leaders would agree,
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๊ทธ ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋™์˜ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:50
if a definition of racism makes it harder to see
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๋งŒ์ผ ๊ทธ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ •์˜๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ๊ณผ
03:53
the injuries racism causes,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ํ”ผํ•ด๋“ค์„ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด,
03:55
that's not just wrong.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋‹จ์ง€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋ฟ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
A definition that cares about the intentions of abusers
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์ฐจ๋ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ํŽธ์— ์„œ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •์˜๋ผ๋ฉด
04:00
more than the harms to the abused --
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์ฐจ๋ณ„๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ํŽธ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ์š”.
04:02
that definition of racism is racist.
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๊ทธ ์ •์˜ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:06
But when we change the definition of racism from attitudes to behaviors,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ํƒœ๋„๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ํ–‰๋™์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ฉด
04:12
we transform that problem from impossible to solvable.
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ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ’€์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:16
Because you can measure behaviors.
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ํ–‰๋™์€ ์ธก์ • ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
04:19
And when you can measure a problem,
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ • ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:21
you can tap into one of the only universal rules of organizational success.
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์„ฑ๊ณต์˜ ๋ฒ•์น™์— ๋‹ค๊ฐ€๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:24
You've got a problem or a goal, you measure it,
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ฌธ์ œ๋‚˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
04:27
you hold yourself accountable to that metric.
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๊ทธ ์ธก์ •๋ฒ•์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
So if every other organization measures success this way,
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์ฆ‰, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์กฐ์ง๋“ค์ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
04:32
why can't we do that in policing?
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์น˜์•ˆ์—๋„ ์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ์š”?
04:35
It turns out we actually already do.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
Police departments already practice data-driven accountability,
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๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ๋ฐ์ดํƒ€ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ์น˜์•ˆํ–‰์ •์„ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
04:42
it's just for crime.
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์˜ค์ง ๋ฒ”์ฃ„๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
04:43
The vast majority of police departments across the United States
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ „์—ญ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์€
04:46
use a system called CompStat.
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์ฝค์Šคํƒฏ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:49
It's a process that, when you use it right,
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์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:51
it identifies crime data,
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๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ๋ฐ์ดํƒ€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ 
04:54
it tracks it and identifies patterns,
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์ถ”์ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์œ ํ˜•์„ ๊ฐ€๋ ค๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ
04:56
and then it allows departments to hold themselves accountable
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๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ๊ทธ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด์ฃ .
04:59
to public safety goals.
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๊ณต๊ณต์•ˆ์ „์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ชฉ์  ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:01
It usually works either by directing police attentions and police resources,
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๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์˜ ์ž์›์„ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ณณ์— ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
05:06
or changing police behavior once they show up.
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ํ˜น์€ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์˜ ๋Œ€์‘ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š”๊ฒƒ์— ์ ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:08
So if I see a string of muggings in that neighborhood,
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์ฆ‰, ์–ด๋–ค ๋™๋„ค์—์„œ ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉด,
05:11
I'm going to want to increase patrols in that neighborhood.
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๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ์— ์ˆœ์ฐฐ์ธ์›์„ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:14
If I see a spike in homicides,
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์‚ด์ธ์ด ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉด
05:15
I'm going to want to talk to the community to find out why
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๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ๊ณผ ํ˜‘์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์›์ธ์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ ์ž ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
05:18
and collaborate on changes on police behavior to tamp down the violence.
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๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์˜ ๋Œ€์‘์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํญ๋ ฅ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:22
Now when you define racism in terms of measurable behaviors,
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์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ ์ธก์ •๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์œผ๋กœ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด
05:26
you can do the same thing.
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๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:29
You can create a CompStat for justice.
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์ •์˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฝค์Šคํƒฏ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
05:32
That's exactly what the Center for Policing Equity has been doing.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์น˜์•ˆํ‰๋“ฑ์„ผํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์™”๋˜ ์ผ๊ณผ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:35
So let me tell you how that works.
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์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ธ์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
05:37
After a police department invites us in,
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๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ํ˜‘์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•˜๋ฉด
05:39
we handle the legal stuff, we engage with the community,
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์šฐ์„  ๋ฒ•์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์„œ
05:41
our next step is to analyze their data.
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ ๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํƒ€๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:44
The goal of these analyses is to determine
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์ฆ‰, ๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์œจ, ๋นˆ๊ณค์˜ ์ •๋„, ์ธ๊ตฌํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™์  ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด
05:46
how much do crime, poverty, neighborhood demographics
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๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ด ๋ฌด๋ ฅ์„ ํ–‰์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ
05:51
predict, let's say, police use of force?
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ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํƒ€๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:54
Let's say that those factors predict
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ด ๋ถ„์„์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
05:56
police will use force on this many Black people.
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๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ด ์ด ์ •๋„ ์ˆซ์ž์˜ ํ‘์ธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด๋ ฅ์„ ํ–‰์‚ฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
06:00
There?
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์€์š”?
06:01
So our next question is,
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€
06:02
how many Black people actually are targeted
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ช‡๋ช…์˜ ํ‘์ธ๋“ค์ด ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
for police use of force?
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๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์˜ ๋ฌด๋ ฅ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:06
Let's say it's this many.
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์ด๋งŒํผ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
06:07
So what's up with the gap?
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๊ทธ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
06:10
Well, a big portion of the gap is the difference
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์ด ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š”
06:12
between what's predicted by things police can't control
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๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ด ํ†ต์ œ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ
06:16
and what's predicted by things police can control --
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ํ†ต์ œ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:18
their policies and their behaviors.
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๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์˜ ์ •์ฑ…์ด๋‚˜ ํ–‰๋™์˜ ํ†ต์ œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:20
And what we're looking for are the types of contact
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๊ทธ ์ค‘์—์„œ ์ ‘์ด‰์˜ ์œ ํ˜•์€ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ์ง€
06:23
or the areas in the city
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๋„์‹œ์˜ ์–ด๋–ค ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ
06:24
where that gap is biggest,
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๊ทธ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ์ง€ ์ฐพ์•„๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:26
because then we can tell our partners,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์•ผ๋งŒ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์„œ์—
06:28
"Look here. Solve this problem first."
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"์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ œ์ผ ๋จผ์ € ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”". ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
06:32
It's actually the kind of therapy police chiefs can get behind,
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๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์„œ์žฅ์ด ๋’ค๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
06:35
because there is nothing so inspiring in the face of our history of racism
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์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ณ ๋ฌด์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
06:39
as a solvable problem.
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์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์š”.
06:42
Look, if the community in Minneapolis asked their police department
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๋ฏธ๋„ค์•„ํด๋ฆฌ์Šค ์ง€์—ญ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์„œ์— ์š”๊ตฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด
06:47
to remedy the moral failings of race in policing,
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์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ ๋„๋•์  ํ•ด์ด์˜ ์ฐจ์›์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
06:50
I'm not sure they know how to do that.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์•˜์„์ง€ ์ €๋Š” ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:52
But if instead the community says,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
06:54
"Hey, you're data say you're beating up a lot of homeless folks.
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"์ž๋ฃŒ์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ๋“ค์ด ๋…ธ์ˆ™์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์€ ํญ๋ ฅ์„ ํ–‰์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด.
06:57
You want to knock that off?"
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๋‹ค ๋•Œ๋ ค ์—†์• ๊ธธ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์•ผ?"
06:58
That's something police can learn how to do.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ ‘๊ทผํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
07:01
And they did.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์‹คํ–‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:02
So in 2015, the Minneapolis PD let us know
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2015๋…„์—, ๋ฏธ๋„ค์•„ํด๋ฆฌ์Šค ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์„œ๋Š”
07:05
their community was concerned they were using force too often.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด๋ ฅ์„ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด ํ–‰์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ง€์—ญ๊ณต๋™์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ คํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:08
So we showed them how to leverage their own data
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค˜์„œ
07:10
to identify situations where force could be avoided.
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์–ด๋–ค ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฌด๋ ฅ์ด ํ–‰์‚ฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:13
And when you look at those data,
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๊ทธ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด
07:15
you'll see that a disproportionate number of their use-of-force incidents,
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์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๋ฌด๋ ฅ์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
07:18
they involved somebody who's homeless, in mental distress,
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๋…ธ์ˆ™์ž๋ฉด์„œ, ์ •์‹ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด๋ ฅ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ,
07:21
has a substance abuse issue or some combination of all three --
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๋˜ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ํ•™๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋„์š”, ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋„
07:24
more than you expect
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์˜ˆ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:26
based on those factors I was just telling you about.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ๋˜ ์‚ฌ์‹ค๋“ค์— ๋น„์ถ”์–ด ๋ณด๋ฉด์š”.
07:29
So right there's the gap.
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๋„ค, ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:31
Next question is why.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ์™œ ๊ทธ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”.
07:33
Well, it turns out homeless folks often need services.
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๋…ธ์ˆ™์ž๋“ค์€ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:37
And when those services are unavailable, when they can't get their meds,
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์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด, ์•ฝ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ ,
07:40
they lose their spot in the shelter,
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์ž ์ž๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์ง€๊ณ ,
07:42
they're more likely to engage in behaviors that end up with folks calling the cops.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์„ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์ข…์ข… ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:46
And when the cops show up,
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๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ด ์˜ค๋ฉด,
07:47
they're more likely to resist intervention,
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๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์˜ ์ค‘์žฌ์— ์ €ํ•ญํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
07:49
oftentimes because they haven't actually done anything illegal,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ ์ธ ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•˜์ง„ ์•Š์•˜๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
07:52
they're literally just living outside.
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๊ทธ์ € ๋ฐ–์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:55
The problem wasn't a need to train officers differently in Minneapolis.
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๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ๋“ค์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ›ˆ๋ จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ 
07:59
The problem was the fact that folks were using the cops
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๋…ธ์ˆ™์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์„ ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:01
to "treat" substance abuse and homelessness in the first place.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:05
So the city of Minneapolis found a way to deliver social services
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฏธ๋„ค์•„ํด๋ฆฌ์Šค์‹œ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:08
and city resources
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์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ž์›๋„์š”.
08:09
to the homeless community before anybody ever called the cops.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋…ธ์ˆ™์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ž˜ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„์š”.
08:13
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
08:20
Now the problem isn't always homelessness, right?
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๋…ธ์ˆ™์ž๋“ค๋งŒ์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ ?
08:23
Sometimes the problem is fear of immigration enforcement,
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๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏผ์ž๋“ค์˜ ์œ ์ž…์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ /
08:25
like it was in Salt Lake City, or it is in Houston,
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์†”ํŠธ๋ ˆ์ดํฌ์‹œ๋‚˜ ํœด์Šคํ„ด์—์„œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
08:28
where the chiefs had to come forward
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๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์„œ์žฅ๋“ค์ด ์•ž์žฅ ์„œ์„œ
08:30
and say, "We're not going to deport you just for calling 911."
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"๋‹น์‹ ๋“ค์ด 911์— ์ „ํ™” ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์ถ”๋ฐฉํ•˜์ง„ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ .
08:33
Or the problem is foot pursuits,
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๋˜๋Š” ์ถ”์  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:34
like it was in Las Vegas,
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๋ผ์Šค ๋ฒ ๊ฐ€์Šค์—์„œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
08:36
where they had to train their officers to slow down and take a breath
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๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ๊ด€๋“ค์ด ์ถ”์ ์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ˆจ์„ ๋‚ด์‰ฌ๋„๋ก ํ›ˆ๋ จํ–ˆ์ฃ .
08:40
instead of allowing the adrenaline in that situation to escalate it.
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์•„๋“œ๋ ˆ๋‚ ๋ฆฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋” ์•…ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ ์—์š”.
08:43
It's searches in Oakland;
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์˜คํด๋žœ๋“œ์—์„œ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ƒ‰์ž‘์ „,
08:45
it's pulling folks out of cars in San Jose;
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์‚ฐํ˜ธ์„ธ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ฐจ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ์–ด๋ƒˆ๋˜ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
08:48
it's the way that they patrol the neighborhoods
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ๋“ค์ด ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:51
that make up Zone 3 in Pittsburgh
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ํ”ผ์ธ ๋ฒ„๊ทธ์—์„œ 3๊ตฌ์—ญ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
08:53
and the Black neighborhoods closest to the waterfront in Baltimore.
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๋ณผํ‹ฐ๋ชจ์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ํ‘์ธ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€์—ญ์„ ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ง€์ •ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
08:56
But in each city,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋„์‹œ์—
08:57
if we can give them a solvable problem,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋˜์ ธ ์ค€๋‹ค๋ฉด
09:00
they get busy solving it.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ’€๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋น ์ง€๊ฒ ์ฃ .
09:02
And together our partners have seen an average of 25 percent fewer arrests,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์„ ์˜๋ขฐํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์„œ๋“ค์€ ์ฒดํฌ์œจ์ด ํ‰๊ท  25% ๋‚ฎ์•„์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
09:06
fewer use-of-force incidents
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์‚ฌ๊ฑด์— ๋ฌด๋ ฅ์„ ๋œ ์ผ์œผ๋ฉฐ
09:07
and 13 percent fewer officer-related injuries.
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๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ด ๋ถ€์ƒ์„ ์ž…๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด 13% ์ค„์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:10
Essentially, by identifying the biggest gaps
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์•„๊นŒ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ƒ์น˜์™€ ์‹ค์ œ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋ƒ„์œผ๋กœ์จ
09:14
and directing police attentions to solving it,
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๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์˜ ํ–‰์ •๋ ฅ์„ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ 
09:17
we can deliver a data-driven vaccine against racial disparities in policing.
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์ธ์ข…๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ž๋ฃŒ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์œผ๋กœ ํ’€๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:23
Right now, we have the capacity to partner with about 40 cities at a time.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์— 40๊ฐœ์˜ ๋„์‹œ์™€ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:29
That means if we want the United States to stop feeling exhausted
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งŒ์ผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ๋”์ด์ƒ ์ง€์ณค๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๊ธธ ์›์น˜ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด
09:33
from trying to solve an impossible problem,
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ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ’€๊ณ ์ž ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ์š”.
09:35
we're going to need a lot more infrastructure.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ธํ”„๋ผ๋ฅผ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:38
Because our goal is to have our tools be able to scale
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š”
09:41
the brilliance of dedicated organizers
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์ „๋‹ด ์กฐ์ง์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฐœํ˜์ ์ธ ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค์˜ ํƒ์›”ํ•จ์„
09:44
and reform-minded chiefs.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:46
So to get there we're going to need the kind of collective will
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง‘๋‹จ์ ์ธ ์˜์ง€๋ฅผ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:49
that desegregated schools
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ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ์˜ ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ ํ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ 
09:50
and won the franchise for the sons and daughters of former slaves
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๋…ธ์˜ˆ์˜€๋˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋“ค์˜ ์•„๋“ค ๋”ธ์—๊ฒŒ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ถŒ์„ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š”
09:54
so that we can build a kind of health care system
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๋งˆ์น˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๋ณดํ—˜๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:56
capable of delivering our vaccine across the country.
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ „์ฒด์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ์š”.
10:00
Because our audacious idea
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ฒ”ํ•œ ๊ฟˆ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:03
is to deliver a CompStat for justice
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์ •์˜๊ตฌํ˜„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฝค์Šคํƒฏ์ด
10:05
to departments serving 100 million people across the United States
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์ „๋ฏธ๊ตญ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ 1์–ต ๋ช…์„ ๊ด€ํ• ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์„œ์— ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:09
in the next five years.
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ํ–ฅํ›„ 5๋…„ ์•ˆ์—์š”.
10:11
(Applause and cheers)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜์™€ ํ™˜ํ˜ธ)
10:18
Doing that would mean arming about a third of the United States
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ „์—ญ์˜ ์•ฝ 3๋ถ„์˜ 1์˜ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ
10:22
with tools to reduce racial disparities in police stops, arrests and use of force,
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๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์˜ ์ฒดํฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฌด๋ ฅ์—์„œ์˜ ์ธ์ข…๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์„ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ,
10:27
but also tools to reduce predatory cash bail
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์•ฝํƒˆ์ ์ธ ํ˜„๊ธˆ ๋ณด์„์ œ๋„,
10:30
and mass incarceration,
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๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰ ํˆฌ์˜ฅ,
10:31
family instability
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๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •,
10:33
and chronic mental health and substance abuse issues,
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๊ณ ์งˆ์  ์ •์‹  ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ์‹ค์งˆ์  ํ•™๋Œ€์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ด์Šˆ๋“ค,
10:35
and every other ill that our broken criminal-legal systems aggravate.
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๋ง๊ฐ€์ง„ ํ˜•์‚ฌ๋ฒ• ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋” ์•…ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:39
Because every unnecessary arrest we can prevent
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถˆํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ฒดํฌ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
10:42
saves a family from the terrifying journey through each one of those systems.
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ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด ์ด๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฒช๋Š” ๋”์ฐํ•œ ์ผ๋“ค์„ ๊ฒช์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ๋” ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:45
Just like every gun we can leave holstered
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด์„ ๊ถŒ์ด์ง‘์— ๋„ฃ์–ด๋†“์Œ์œผ๋กœ์จ
10:48
saves an entire community from a lifetime of grief.
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ํ•œ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ผ์ƒ์— ๊ฑธ์นœ ์Šฌํ””์„ ๊ฒช์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:54
Look, each and every one of us,
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๋ณด์„ธ์š”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๋Š”
10:57
we measure the things that matter to us.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์‚ฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:01
Businesses measure profit;
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๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ์ด์ต์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ณ ,
11:03
good students keep track of their grades;
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์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์„ฑ์ ์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
11:06
families chart the growth of their children
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๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์€ ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ก์œผ๋กœ ๋‚จ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:09
with pencil markings in doorframes.
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๋ฌธํ‹ˆ์— ์—ฐํ•„๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
11:11
We all measure the things that matter most to us,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:14
which is why we feel the neglect
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์†Œํ™€ํ•จ์„ ๋Š๋ผ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
11:17
when nobody's bothering to measure anything at all.
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์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”์š”.
11:20
For the past quarter millennium,
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ 250๋…„ ๊ฐ„,
11:22
we've defined the problems of race and policing
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ธ์ข…๊ณผ ์น˜์•ˆ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:25
in a way that's functionally impossible to measure.
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์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ์š”.
11:29
But now the science says we can just change that definition.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ œ ๊ณผํ•™์˜ ํž˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:34
And the folks at the Center for Policing Equity,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์น˜์•ˆํ‰๋“ฑ์„ผํ„ฐ๋Š”
11:36
I actually think we may have measured
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•ด ์™”๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:38
more police behavior than any one in human history.
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์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ๊ทธ ์–ด๋–ค ์ธ๊ฐ„๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:40
And that means that once we have the will
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์ฆ‰, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด
11:45
and the resources to do it,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ์ž์›์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
11:48
this could be the generation
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฒซ ์„ธ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:50
that stops feeling like racism is an unsolvable problem
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์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์€ ๋”์ด์ƒ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๋ชปํ•  ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ 
11:56
and instead sees
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๋Œ€์‹ 
11:58
that what's been necessary for far too long is possible.
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์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ด ์ด์ œ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•จ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๋Š” ์„ธ๋Œ€๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:04
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:06
(Applause and cheers)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜์™€ ํ™˜ํ˜ธ)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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