How "baby bonds" could help close the wealth gap | Darrick Hamilton

48,231 views

2019-01-15 ใƒป TED


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How "baby bonds" could help close the wealth gap | Darrick Hamilton

48,231 views ใƒป 2019-01-15

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Hannie Hong ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:13
There is a narrative,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:15
an idea that with resilience, grit and personal responsibility
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๋„˜์–ด์ ธ๋„ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ๋ˆ๊ธฐ์™€ ์ฃผ์ฒด์˜์‹์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฉด
00:21
people can pull themselves up and achieve economic success.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋“ ์ง€ ์ž๋ฆฝํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ธ ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ์ด๋ฃฐ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:25
In the United States we call it the American dream.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” '์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นธ ๋“œ๋ฆผ' ์ด๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š”๋ฐ
00:29
A similar narrative exists all over the world.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์–ด๋Š ๊ณณ์— ๊ฐ€๋„ ์ด์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ณต์‹ ํ™”๋“ค์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ฃ .
00:33
But the truth is that the challenges of making this happen
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜„์‹ค์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ, ๊ฟˆ์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๋ ค๋ฉด
00:36
have less to do with what we do
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๋Š๋ƒ๋ณด๋‹ค
00:39
and more to do with the wealth position in which we are born.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์œ„์น˜์—์„œ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š๋ƒ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:42
So I'm going to make the case that the United States government,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:46
actually that any government,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ •๋ถ€๋‚˜ ์–ด๋–ค ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ์ •๋ถ€๋“ ์ง€๊ฐ„์—
00:48
should create a trust account for every newborn
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‹ ์ƒ์•„๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ ํƒ๊ณ„์ขŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:51
of up to 60,000 dollars,
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์ตœ๋Œ€ 6๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊นŒ์ง€์š”.
00:53
calibrated to the wealth of the family in which they are born.
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์•„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ฐ€์ •์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„์žฌ์‚ฐ์„ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ์กฐ์ •ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:58
I'm talking about an endowment.
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๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด ๊ธฐ๊ธˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:00
Personal seed capital, a publicly established baby trust,
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๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ž๋ณธ, ์œ ์•„ ๊ณต๊ณต์‹ ํƒ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ
01:05
what my colleague William Darity at Duke University and I
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๋“€ํฌ ๋Œ€ํ•™์— ์†Œ์†๋œ ์ œ ๋™๋ฃŒ์ธ ์œŒ๋ฆฌ์—„ ๋Œ€๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ์™€ ์ œ๊ฐ€
01:09
have referred to as baby bonds,
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"์‹ ์ƒ์•„ ์‹ ํƒ"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:11
a term that was coined by the late historian from Columbia University,
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์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ์ปฌ๋Ÿผ๋น„์•„ ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌํ•™์ž
01:16
Manning Marable.
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๋งค๋‹ ๋งˆ๋ผ๋ธ”์ด ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:18
The reason why we should create these trusts is simple.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹ ํƒ๊ณ„์ขŒ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
Wealth is the paramount indicator of economic security and well-being.
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๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ฒˆ์˜์„ ๊ฐ€๋Š ํ•˜๋Š” ์ œ์ผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ฒ™๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
It provides financial agency, economic security to take risk
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๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜ํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์•ˆ์ „๋ง์ด ๋˜์–ด์ฃผ๊ณ 
01:31
and shield against loss.
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์†์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐฉํŒจ๋ง‰์ด ๋˜์–ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:33
Without capital, inequality is locked in.
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์ž๋ณธ์ด ์—†์œผ๋ฉด, ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์„ ํƒ€๊ฐœํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์š”์›ํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
We use words like choice, freedom to describe the benefits of the market,
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ํ”ํžˆ๋“ค ์„ ํƒ์ด๋‚˜ ์ž์œ  ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ์‹œ์žฅ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ์ด์ ์„ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
01:42
but it is literally wealth that gives us choice, freedom and optionality.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ง„์ •์œผ๋กœ ์„ ํƒ๊ณผ ์ž์œ , ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž์‚ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:49
Wealthier families are better positioned to finance an elite, independent school
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๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ •์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก ์—˜๋ฆฌํŠธ ์‚ฌ๋ฆฝํ•™๊ต์™€
01:54
and college education,
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๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ต์œก์— ๋“œ๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์›ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:55
access capital to start a business,
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์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ž๋ณธ๊ธˆ์„ ๋” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋Œ์–ด์˜ค๊ณ 
01:58
finance expensive medical procedures,
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๊ณ ์•ก์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜๋ฉฐ
02:01
reside in neighborhoods with higher amenities,
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๋ณด๋‹ค ์พŒ์ ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ์กฐ์„ฑ๋œ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๊ณ 
02:04
exert political influence through campaign finance,
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์„ ๊ฑฐ ์ž๊ธˆ์„ ์กฐ๋‹ฌํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ •์น˜์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ–‰์‚ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:08
purchase better legal counsel
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๊ณ ์•ก์˜ ํ˜•์‚ฌ์†Œ์†ก์— ํœ˜๋ง๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋ฉด
02:10
if confronted with an expensive criminal justice system,
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๋” ์œ ๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์„ ์ž„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
02:14
leave a bequest
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์œ ์‚ฐ์„ ๋‚จ๊ธฐ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
02:15
and/or withstand financial hardship resulting from any number of emergencies.
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์œ„๊ธ‰์ƒํ™ฉ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ์ •์  ์œ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฅ์ณ๋„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
02:21
Basically, when it comes to economic security,
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์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ด, ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ธ ์•ˆ์ •์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘๊ณผ ๋์€
02:25
wealth is both the beginning and the end.
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"๋ถ€"๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:29
I will frame this conversation in the context of the United States,
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ €๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์  ๋งฅ๋ฝ์— ํ•œ์ •ํ•ด์„œ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
02:32
but this discussion applies virtually to any country
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์ด ๋…ผ์˜๋Š” ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋นˆ๋ถ€๊ฒฉ์ฐจ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฒช๋Š”
02:36
facing increasing inequality.
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์–ด๋–ค ๋‚˜๋ผ์—๋„ ์ ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:40
In the US, the top 10 percent of households
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š”, ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ ์†Œ์œ ์ž์˜ ์ƒ์œ„ 10%๊ฐ€
02:42
hold about 80 percent of the nation's wealth
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ „์ฒด์˜ 80%์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:45
while the bottom 60 percent owns only about one percent.
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ํ•˜์œ„ 60%์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์˜ค์ง 1% ์ •๋„์˜ ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ  ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:51
But when it comes to wealth,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถ€์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด
02:52
race is an even stronger predictor than class itself.
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์ธ์ข…์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์š”์†Œ๋Š” ๊ณ„๊ธ‰ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
Blacks and Latinos collectively make up 30 percent
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ํ‘์ธ๊ณผ ๋ผํ‹ด๊ณ„๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋Œ€๋žต 30%๋ฅผ
03:00
of the United States population,
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๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
but collectively own about seven percent of the nation's wealth.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ „์ฒด ๊ตญ๋ถ€์˜ ๋‹จ 7%๋งŒ์„ ์†Œ์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:07
The 2016 survey of consumer finance
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2016๋…„ ์†Œ๋น„์ž ์กฐ์‚ฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด,
03:11
indicates that the typical black family has about 17,000 dollars in wealth,
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๋ณดํ†ต์˜ ํ‘์ธ ๊ฐ€์ •์€ 17,000 ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ์ž์‚ฐ์„ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
03:16
and that's inclusive of home equity,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ฃผํƒ์†Œ์œ ๋„ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:19
while the typical white family has about 170,000.
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๊ทธ์— ๋ฐ˜ํ•ด ๋ณดํ†ต์˜ ๋ฐฑ์ธ ๊ฐ€์ •์ด ์†Œ์œ ํ•œ ์ž์‚ฐ์€ 17๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ ์ง‘๊ณ„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:22
That is indicative of an absolute racial wealth gap
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์ด ํ†ต๊ณ„๋กœ, ์ธ์ข…์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋นˆ๋ถ€๊ฒฉ์ฐจ์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:26
where the typical black household has about 10 cents for every dollar
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ํ‘์ธ ๊ฐ€์ •์€ ๋ฐฑ์ธ ๊ฐ€์ •์— ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•ด ๋‹จ 10%๋งŒ์˜ ์ž์‚ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„์š”.
03:30
held by the typical white family.
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03:33
But regardless of race,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ธ์ข…์„ ๋– ๋‚˜
03:34
the market alone has been inadequate to address these inequalities.
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์‹œ์žฅ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์— ๋ถ€์ ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•ด์™”์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:41
Even in times of economic expansion, inequality grows.
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๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ธฐ์—์กฐ์ฐจ ๋นˆ๋ถ€๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:45
Over the last 45 years,
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์ง€๋‚œ 45๋…„ ๊ฐ„
03:47
wealth disparity has increased dramatically,
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๋นˆ๋ถ€๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๋Š” ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
03:49
and essentially, all the economic gains from America's increase in productivity
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๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜์ต์€
03:54
have gone to the elite or the upper middle class.
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์—˜๋ฆฌํŠธ์ธต ํ˜น์€ ์ค‘์‚ฐ์ธต์—๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„๋ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:59
Yet, much of the framing around economic disparity
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋นˆ๋ถ€๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ธ๊ณ  ๋งŽ์€ ์ด๋“ค์€
04:03
focuses on the poor choices
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ์˜ ์›์ธ์„ "์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์„ ํƒ"์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:05
of black, Latino and poor borrowers.
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ํ‘์ธ, ๋ผํ‹ด๊ณ„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์ฑ„๋ฌด์ž๋“ค์˜ ์„ ํƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ์š”.
04:10
This framing is wrong.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ธ์‹์€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:12
The directional emphasis is wrong.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ๋ฐฉ์  ๋…ผ์กฐ๋Š” ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:14
It is more likely that meager economic circumstance,
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๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ
04:17
not poor decision making or deficient knowledge,
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์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์„ ํƒ ํ˜น์€ ์ง€์‹์˜ ๋ถ€์กฑ์€
04:20
constrains choice itself and leaves people with no options
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์„ ํƒ์˜ ํญ์„ ์ œํ•œํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌ๊ธˆ์œต์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์™ธ์—๋Š”
04:25
but to turn to predatory finance.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์ด ์—†์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:27
In essence, education is not the magic antidote
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๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๊ต์œก์€ ๋งŒ์„ฑ์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๋นˆ๋ถ€๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๋ฅผ
04:32
for the enormous inherited disparities
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๋งˆ๋ฒ•๊ฐ™์ด ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:35
that result from laws, policies and economic arrangement.
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๋นˆ๋ถ€๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์ •์ฑ…, ๊ฒฝ์ œํ˜‘์ •์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:40
This does not diminish the value of education.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ๊ต์œก์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:43
Indeed, I'm a university professor.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ €๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ต์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:46
There are clear intrinsic values to education,
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๊ต์œก์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋Š”
04:49
along with a public responsibility
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๊ต์œก์ด ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ฑ…์ž„์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:51
to expose everyone to a high-quality education,
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๊ตญ๋ฏผ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๊นŒ์ง€
04:54
from grade school all the way through college.
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์–‘์งˆ์˜ ๊ต์œก์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์•„ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฑ…์ž„์ด์ฃ .
04:58
But education is not the panacea.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ต์œก์€ ๋งŒ๋ณ‘ํ†ต์น˜์•ฝ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:00
In fact, blacks who live in families where the head graduated from college
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ํ˜„์‹ค์—์„ , ๊ฐ€์žฅ์ด ๋Œ€ํ•™์„ ์กธ์—…ํ•œ ํ‘์ธ ๊ฐ€์ •์˜ ์ž์‚ฐ์€
05:04
typically have less wealth
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ํ†ต์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ์ค‘ํ‡ดํ•œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”
05:06
than white families where the head dropped out of high school.
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๋ฐฑ์ธ ๊ฐ€์ •์˜ ์ž์‚ฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:09
Perhaps we overstate the functional role of education
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์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ ๊ต์œก์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ์—ญํ• ์„ ๊ณผ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:14
at the detriment of understanding the functional role of wealth.
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชป ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:19
Basically, it is wealth that begets more wealth.
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๋ถ€๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
05:24
That's why we advocate for baby trust.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹ ์ƒ์•„ ์‹ ํƒ์„ ์ง€์ง€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:26
An economic birthright to capital for everyone.
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๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ํƒ„์ƒ๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ฃผ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์ž์‚ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ธ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ์ด์ฃ .
05:29
These accounts would be held in public trust
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹ ํƒ๊ณ„์ขŒ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ณต์‹ ํƒ์œผ๋กœ์จ
05:32
to be used as a foundation to an economically secure life.
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๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ์‚ถ์„ ์ด๋ฃฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ๋” ํ•˜๋Š” ํ† ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:37
The concept of economic rights is not new nor is it radical.
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๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๊ถŒํ•œ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์€ ์ƒˆ๋กญ์ง€๋„, ๊ธ‰์ง„์ ์ด์ง€๋„ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:42
In 1944, President Franklin Roosevelt
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1944๋…„, ๋ฃจ์ฆˆ๋ฒจํŠธ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์€
05:45
introduced the idea of an economic Bill of Rights.
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"๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ธ๊ถŒ ์„ ์–ธ"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ๋„์ž…ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
05:49
Roosevelt called for physical security,
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์ด๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๋ณด์žฅ๊ณผ
05:52
economic security, social security and moral security.
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๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋ณด์žฅ, ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ณด์žฅ๊ณผ ๋„๋•์ ์ธ ๋ณด์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:57
Unfortunately, since the Nixon administration,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์•ˆํƒ€๊น๊ฒŒ๋„, ๋‹‰์Šจ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด ์ฐจ๊ธฐ ์ •๊ถŒ์„ ์žก์€ ํ›„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
06:00
the political sentiment regarding social mobility
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์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณ„์ธต์ด๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •์น˜์  ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์€
06:03
has radically shifted away from government mandates to economic security
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์ง์ „๊ณผ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์›€์ง์ด๊ณ  ๋งˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์•ˆ์ „์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
06:09
to a neoliberal approach
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์‹ ์ž์œ ์ฃผ์˜์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฑ„ํƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
06:10
in which the market is presumed to be the solution for all our problems,
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์‹œ์žฅ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:15
economic or otherwise.
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๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๋“ , ํ˜น์€ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๋“  ๊ฐ„์—์š”.
06:18
As a result, the onus of social mobility has shifted on to the individual.
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ, ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณ„์ธต์ด๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ…์ž„์€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ๋– ๋„˜๊ฒจ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:23
The pervasive narrative is that even if your lot in life is subpar,
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ํ”ํžˆ๋“ค, ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹น์žฅ์€ ๋ณด์ž˜ ๊ฒƒ ์—†๊ณ  ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ์‚ถ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
06:29
with perseverance and hard work and the virtues of the free market,
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์ธ๋‚ด์™€ ๋ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์ผํ•˜๋‹ค๋ณด๋ฉด ์ž์œ ์‹œ์žฅ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ๋ฏธ๋•์œผ๋กœ
06:33
you can turn your proverbial rags into riches.
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๋ฌด์ผํ‘ผ์—์„œ ๋ถ€์ž๋กœ์˜ ๋ณ€์‹ ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์ง„๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:38
Of course, the flip side is that the virtues of the market
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๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ, ์ž์œ ์‹œ์žฅ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ๋ฏธ๋•์ด ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์ด๋ฉด์€
06:41
will likewise sanction those that are not astute,
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์ž‡์†์ด ๋ฐ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์˜์š•์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
06:46
those that lack motivation or those that are simply lazy.
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ํ˜น์€ ๊ทธ์ € ๊ฒŒ์œผ๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฒŒ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:50
In other words, the deserving poor will receive their just rewards.
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๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๋งํ•ด, ์˜์„ธํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋‚œ์ด๋ž€ ์ž์—…์ž๋“์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์ธ ์…ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:56
What is glaringly missing from this narrative
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์—์„œ๋Š”, ๋†€๋ž๊ฒŒ๋„
06:59
is the role of power and capital,
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๊ถŒ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ž๋ณธ์˜ ํž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฐฐ์ œ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:02
and how that power and capital
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๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ž๋ณธ์ด ์• ์ดˆ์— ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ
07:04
can be used to alter the rules and structure of transactions and markets
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๊ทœ์น™์„, ๋˜ ์‹œ์žฅ๊ณผ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ž…๋ง›์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ๋„
07:09
in the first place.
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ˆ„๋ฝ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์ฃ .
07:10
Power and capital become self-reinforcing.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์–‘ํƒœ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ž๋ณธ์€ ๋‹จ๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒํ˜ธ๋ณด์™„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:14
And without government intervention,
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์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๊ฐœ์ž…์ด ์—†์œผ๋ฉด
07:16
they generate an iterative cycle of both stratification and inequality.
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๊ณ„์ธตํ™”์™€ ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์ด ์ง€์†๋˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ดํด์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:21
The capital finance provided by baby trust
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์‹ ์ƒ์•„ ์‹ ํƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ์ž๋ณธ์กฐ๋‹ฌ์€
07:24
is intended to deliver a more egalitarian and an authentic pathway
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ํ‰๋“ฑ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ •์งํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ
๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ธ ์•ˆ์ „์„ ํš๋“ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์˜์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:29
to economic security,
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07:30
independent of the family financial position
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ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ์†ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ •์˜
07:33
in which individuals are born.
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๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์œ„์น˜์— ๊ตฌ์• ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด์„œ์š”.
07:35
The program would complement the economic rights to old-age pensions
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์ด ์ œ๋„๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ น ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๊ณ 
07:40
and provide a more comprehensive social security program,
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์ข€ ๋” ํฌ๊ด„์ ์ธ ์‚ฌํšŒ์•ˆ์ „๋ง์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:44
designed to provide capital finance from cradle all the way through grave.
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'์š”๋žŒ์—์„œ ๋ฌด๋ค๊นŒ์ง€' ์ž๋ณธ์„ ์กฐ๋‹ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:49
We envision endowing American newborns with an average account of 25,000 dollars
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์ง€๊ธˆ์˜ ๊ณ„ํš์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์‹ ์ƒ์•„์˜ ๊ณ„์ขŒ๋กœ ํ‰๊ท  25,000๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ธˆ์„ ๋„ฃ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ,
07:54
that gradually rises upwards to 60,000 dollars
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๊ธˆ์•ก์€ ์ ์ง„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์Šนํ•ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ •์—๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€ 60,000๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜
07:59
for babies born into the poorest families.
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๊ธฐ๋ถ€๊ธˆ์„ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:01
Babies born into the wealthiest families
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๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ •์—์„œ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์•„์ด๋“ค ๋˜ํ•œ
08:04
would be included as well in the social contract,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ณ„์•ฝ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ˜œ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
08:06
but they would receive a more nominal account of about 500 dollars.
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์•ฝ 500๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ •๋„์˜ ๋ช…๋ชฉ์ ์ธ ๊ธˆ์•ก์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:12
The accounts would be federally managed,
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์‹ ์ƒ์•„ ์‹ ํƒ๊ณ„์ขŒ๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์•„๋ž˜,
08:14
and they would grow at a guaranteed annual interest rate
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๋Œ€๋žต 2%์˜ ์—ฐ์ด์œจ์„ ๋ณด์žฅ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:16
of about two percent per year in order to curtail inflation cost,
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์ด๋Š” ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ณ 
08:21
and be used when the child reaches adulthood
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์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ์ธ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ž์‚ฐ์„ ๋ถˆ๋ฆด ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ
08:24
for some asset-enhancing activity,
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:26
like financing a debt-free university education,
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๋นš์„ ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ต์œก์„ ๋งˆ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก,
08:30
a down payment to purchase a home,
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์ฃผํƒ ๊ตฌ์ž… ์‹œ ๊ณ„์•ฝ๊ธˆ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก,
08:32
or some seed capital to start a business.
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์‚ฌ์—…์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ž๊ธˆ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
08:36
With approximately four million babies born each year in the US,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋งค๋…„ ์•ฝ 400๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”๋ฐ
08:40
if the average endowment of a baby trust is set at 25,000 dollars,
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์‹ ์ƒ์•„ ์‹ ํƒ๊ธฐ๊ธˆ์„ 25,000๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ ๋†“๊ณ  ์ƒ์ •ํ•ด๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด
08:45
the program would crudely cost about 100 billion dollars a year.
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๋งค๋…„ 100์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์ด ํˆฌ์ž…๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:49
This would constitute
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์ด ๊ธˆ์•ก์€
08:51
only about two percent of current federal expenditures
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์ง€์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ์˜ ์•ฝ 2%์ •๋„์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ,
08:54
and be far less than the 500-plus billion dollars
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์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ 5์ฒœ์–ต์ด ๋„˜๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ
08:58
that's already being spent by the federal government
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์„ธ์•ก ๊ณต์ œ์™€ ๋ณด์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋“ฑ์— ์ง€์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด
09:01
on asset promotion through tax credits and subsidies.
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์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘์€ ๊ธˆ์•ก์ž„์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:05
At issue is not the amount of that allocation
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€, ๊ธฐ๊ธˆ์œผ๋กœ ์–ผ๋งˆ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธ‰๋˜๋Š๋ƒ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
09:08
but to whom it's distributed.
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„๋ฐฐ๋ฐ›๋Š๋ƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:10
Currently, the top one percent of households,
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ํ˜„์žฌ, ์ฃผํƒ๋ณด์œ ์ž ์ƒ์œ„ 1%๋Š”
09:13
those earning above 100 million dollars,
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์†Œ๋“์ด 1์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š”๋ฐ
09:16
receive only about one third of this entire allocation,
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์ „์ฒด ํ• ๋‹น์˜ 1/3์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธˆ์•ก์„ ์ˆ˜๋ นํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:20
while the bottom 60 percent receive only five percent.
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ํ•˜์œ„ 60%๋Š” ์˜ค์ง 5%๋งŒ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:25
If the federal asset-promoting budget
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์ž์‚ฐ ์กฐ์„ฑ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์ด
09:27
were allocated in a more progressive manner,
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์ข€ ๋” ์ง„๋ณด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฐฐ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
09:30
federal policies could be transformative for all Americans.
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์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์ •์ฑ…๋“ค์€ ์ „๋ฏธ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:36
This is a work in progress.
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์ด ๊ณ„ํš์€ ์•„์ง ๋ฏธ์™„์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:38
There are obviously many details to be worked out,
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์† ๋ด์•ผํ•  ์„ธ๋ถ€์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
09:41
but it is a policy proposal grounded in the functional roles
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ถ€์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ์—ญํ• ๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด
09:46
and the inherited advantages of wealth
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๋ถ€์˜ ์ง€์†์ด ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค์ฃผ๋Š” ์ด์ ์— ๋ฐฉ์ ์„ ๋‘” ์ •์ฑ…์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ,
09:48
that moves us away from the reinforcing status quo
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์ž‘๊ธˆ์˜ ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
09:53
behavioral explanations for inequality
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๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ์ •๊ด€๋…์„ ํ‚ค์šฐ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
09:55
towards more structural solutions.
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๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์ธ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ๋” ํ•˜๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:58
Our existing tax policy that privileges existing wealth
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ํ˜„ํ–‰์˜ ์„ธ๊ธˆ์ •์ฑ…์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์„ ํƒ์œผ๋กœ, ๋ถ€์œ ์ธต์—๊ฒŒ ํŠน๊ถŒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•  ๋ฟ
10:02
rather than establishing new wealth is a choice.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณ„์ธต์„ ๋ถ€์— ํŽธ์ž…์‹œํ‚ค์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:06
The extent of our dramatic inequality is at least as much a problem of politics
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์ด๋ ‡๋“ฏ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ํ˜„๊ฒฉํ•œ ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์€ ์ •์ฑ… ๋ฌธ์ œ์ผ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
10:12
as it is a problem of economics.
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๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:14
It is time to get beyond the false narratives
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง€๊ธˆ์ด, ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์ด ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ํƒ“์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด์„œ
10:18
that attribute inequality to individual personal deficits
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์ž์‚ฐ์˜ ์ด์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”
10:22
while largely ignoring the advantages of wealth.
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์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ธ์‹์„ ๋’ค์ง‘์„ ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:26
Instead, public provisions of a baby trust
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์‹ ์ƒ์•„ ์‹ ํƒ์„ ๊ณต๊ณต์— ๋ณด๊ธ‰ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
10:30
could go a long way towards eliminating
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
๋ถ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋‚œ์ด ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์ด์–ด ์„ธ์Šต๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง‰์•„
10:34
the transmission of economic advantage or disadvantage across generations
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๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋„๋•์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ฒญ๋ ดํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃฉํ•˜๊ณ ,
10:39
and establishing a more moral and decent economy
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10:43
that facilitates assets, economic security
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์ž์‚ฐ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์•ˆ์ „์„ ๋„๋ชจํ•˜๊ณ 
10:47
and social mobility for all its citizens.
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๊ตญ๋ฏผ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์ธต ์ด๋™์˜ ํญ๋„“์€ ๋ฌธ์„ ์—ด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
10:51
Regardless of the race
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์ธ์ข…์ด๋‚˜
10:53
and the family positions in which they are born.
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์†Œ์†๋œ ๊ฐ€์ •์˜ ์œ„์น˜์— ๊ตฌ์• ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:56
Thank you very much.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:57
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
11:03
Chris Anderson: Darrick.
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์•ค๋”์Šจ: ๋ฐ๋ฆญ,
11:05
I mean, there's so much to like in this idea.
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์ด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์—๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์ด์ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€๋ฐ,
11:09
There's one piece of branding around it that I worry about,
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์ €๋Š” ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์šฐ๋ ค์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋Š๊ปด์ง€๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
11:14
which is just that right now, trust-fund kids have a really bad rap.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ์‹ ํƒ ๊ธฐ๊ธˆ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ์ข…์ข… ๋†€๋ฆผ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”.
11:18
You know, they're the sort of eyeball-rolling poster children
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์•„์‹œ์ฃ , ๋’ค์—์„œ ์ˆ˜๊ตฐ๋Œ€๊ณ  ๋น„์›ƒ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์•„์ด๋“ค, ๋ป”ํ•˜์ž–์•„์š”.
11:22
for how money, kind of, takes away motivation.
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๋ˆ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์˜์š•์„ ์•—์•„๊ฐ€๋Š”์ง€ ์ž˜ ์•„์‹ค ๊ฑฐ๊ณ ์š”.
11:26
So, these trusts are different.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด ํŽ€๋“œ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค๊ณ  ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜์…จ๋Š”๋ฐ,
11:28
So how do you show people in this proposal that it's not going to do that?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ”ผํ•ด๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:34
Darrick Hamilton: If you know you have limited resources
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๋ฐ๋ฆญ ํ•ด๋ฐ€ํŠผ: ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ์ž์›์ด ํ•œ์ •๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
11:36
or you're going to face discrimination,
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์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—”
11:38
there's a narrative that, well,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ํ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
11:40
the economic returns to investing in myself
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๊ฐ€๋ น, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ํˆฌ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋Œ€๊ฐ€๊ฐ€
11:42
are lower than that of someone else,
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์–ด๋–ค ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž‘๊ตฐ.
11:44
so I might as well enjoy my leisure.
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๋‚œ ์—ฌ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„.
11:47
Of course, there's another narrative as well,
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ ,
11:49
so we shouldn't get caught up on that,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹คํ•ด๋„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์— ์ง‘์ฐฉํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง์ž ๋ผ๊ณ ์š”.
11:51
you know, somebody who's poor and going to face discrimination,
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๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด
11:55
they also might pursue a resume-building strategy.
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์ด๋ ฅ์„œ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋Š” ์ „๋žต์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ํ‹€ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:58
The old adage, "I have to be twice as good as someone else."
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๊ฒฉ์–ธ ์ค‘์—, "๋‚จ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค 2๋ฐฐ๋Š” ๋” ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค" ๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
12:01
Now, when we say that, we never ask at what cost,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ, ๊ทธ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋“œ๋Š” ์ง€
12:04
are there health costs associated with that.
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๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑด ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ์•ˆ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
12:06
I haven't answered your question, but coming back to you question,
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์งˆ๋ฌธํ•˜์‹  ๊ฒƒ์— ์•„์ง ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋‹ˆ, ๋‹ค์‹œ ์› ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋ณด๋ฉด์š”,
12:09
if you know you're going to receive a transfer at a later point in life,
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์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์†ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณ„์ธต์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋ฉด
12:14
that only increases the incentive for you to invest in yourself
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ๋” ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋“ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:18
so that you can better use that trust.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์‹ ํƒ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์ข‹๊ฒ ๊ตฌ๋‚˜, ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
12:20
CA: You're giving people possibilities of life
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค: ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ถ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ตฐ์š”.
12:23
they currently cannot imagine having.
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์•„์ง์€ ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„์š”.
12:26
And therefore the motivation to do that.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ์— ๋™๊ธฐ๋ถ€์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ ์š”.
12:27
I could talk with you for hours about this.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ๋ช‡์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด๊ณ  ๋” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:30
I'm really glad you're working on this.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ œ์•ˆ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ ๋ฉ‹์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:31
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:33
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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