How supercharged plants could slow climate change | Joanne Chory

109,898 views ・ 2019-06-14

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Seongjae Hwang κ²€ν† : JY Kang
00:12
I recently had an epiphany.
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μ΅œκ·Όμ— 깨달은 게 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:15
I realized that I could actually play a role
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ν˜„μž¬ 인λ₯˜κ°€ μ§λ©΄ν•œ κ°€μž₯ μ‹¬κ°ν•œ 문제 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•˜λŠ” 데
00:19
in solving one of the biggest problems that faces mankind today,
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μ œκ°€ μ–΄λ–€ 역할을 ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œμ•˜κ±°λ“ μš”.
00:24
and that is the problem of climate change.
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κ·Έ λ¬Έμ œλŠ” λ°”λ‘œ κΈ°ν›„ λ³€ν™”μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:28
It also dawned on me that I had been working for 30 years or more
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μ§€λ‚œ 30λ…„ 이상 평생 μ œκ°€ ν•΄ 온 λͺ¨λ“  일듀이
00:32
just to get to this point in my life
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μ΄μ œμ•Όλ§λ‘œ λ•Œλ₯Ό λ§žμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:34
where I could actually make this contribution to a bigger problem.
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κ·Έ 큰 문제λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•˜λŠ” 데에 νž˜μ„ λ³΄νƒœκΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ 말이죠.
00:38
And every experiment that I have done in my lab
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그리고 μ œκ°€ μ‹€ν—˜μ‹€μ—μ„œ μ§€λ‚œ 30λ…„κ°„ ν•΄ 온 λͺ¨λ“  μ‹€ν—˜κ³Ό
00:41
over the last 30 years
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00:43
and people who work for me did in my lab over the last 30 years
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30λ…„κ°„ 저와 ν•¨κ»˜ν–ˆλ˜ λͺ¨λ“  이듀은
00:47
has been directed toward doing the really big experiment,
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정말 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 이 연ꡬλ₯Ό ν–₯ν•΄ λ‹¬λ €μ˜¨ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:51
this one last big experiment.
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λ°”λ‘œ 이 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ μ‹€ν—˜μ„ μœ„ν•΄μ„œμš”.
00:53
So who am I?
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ €λŠ” λˆ„κ΅¬λƒλ©΄
00:55
I'm a plant geneticist.
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μ €λŠ” μ‹λ¬Όμœ μ „ν•™μžμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:57
I live in a world where there's too much CO2 in the atmosphere
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ‚΄κ³  μžˆλŠ” 세상은 곡기 쀑에 μ΄μ‚°ν™”νƒ„μ†Œκ°€ κ°€λ“ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:01
because of human activity.
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λ°”λ‘œ 우리 인간듀 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
μ €λŠ” μ‹λ¬Όλ“€μ—κ²Œ κ°μ‚¬ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:05
But I've come to appreciate the plants
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01:08
as amazing machines that they are,
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식물듀은 μ΄μ‚°ν™”νƒ„μ†Œλ₯Ό λΉ¨μ•„λ“€μ΄λŠ” λ†€λΌμš΄ κΈ°κ³„μ˜ 역할을 ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
01:11
whose job has been, really, to just suck up CO2.
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01:14
And they do it so well,
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식물듀은 κ·Έ 일을 정말 μž˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ§€λ‚œ 5μ–΅ λ…„κ°„ 계속 ν•΄μ™”μœΌλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
01:15
because they've been doing it for over 500 million years.
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01:20
And they're really good at it.
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κ·Έ 일에 정말 λŠ₯μˆ™ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:22
And so ...
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그리고..
01:25
I also have some urgency I want to tell you about.
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μ œκ°€ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μ„œλ‘λ₯΄λŠ” μ΄μœ κ°€ μžˆλŠ”λ°μš”.
01:28
As a mother, I want to give my two children a better world
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μ–΄λ¨Έλ‹ˆλ‘œμ„œ 제 두 μ•„μ΄λ“€μ—κ²Œ λ¬Όλ €μ£Όκ³  싢은 세상은
μ œκ°€ λΆ€λͺ¨μ—κ²Œ 받은 것보닀 더 λ‚˜μ€ μ„Έμƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:32
than I inherited from my parents,
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01:33
it would be nicer to keep it going in the right direction,
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λ‚˜λΉ μ§€λŠ” μͺ½μ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ λ‚˜μ€ μͺ½μœΌλ‘œ κ°€λ©΄ 더 쒋을 ν…Œλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
01:36
not the bad direction.
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01:38
But I also ...
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그리고 또 ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ”..
01:41
I've had Parkinson's for the last 15 years,
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μ €λŠ” μ§€λ‚œ 15λ…„κ°„ νŒŒν‚¨μŠ¨λ³‘μ„ μ•“μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:43
and this gives me a sense of urgency that I want to do this now,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 이 일을 λ‹Ήμž₯ ν•΄μ•Όλ§Œ ν•œλ‹€λŠ” μœ„κΈ‰ν•œ λŠλ‚Œμ„ λ°›μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:47
while I feel good enough to really be part of this team.
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ν•¨κ»˜ν•˜κ³  싢은 쒋은 νŒ€μ΄ μžˆμ„ λ•Œ 말이죠.
01:50
And I have an incredible team.
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μ €λŠ” ꡉμž₯ν•œ νŒ€κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:53
We all work together,
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λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ ν•¨κ»˜ μΌν•˜κ³ 
01:55
and this is something we want to do because we have fun.
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이 일에 ν₯λ―Έλ₯Ό 느끼고 이 일을 ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άμ–΄ν•˜λŠ” νŒ€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:59
And if you're only going to have five people trying to save the planet,
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지ꡬλ₯Ό ꡬ해야 ν•˜λŠ”λ° 5λͺ…밖에 μ—†λ‹€λ©΄
02:02
you better like each other,
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μ„œλ‘œ μΉœν•΄μ Έμ•Όκ² μ§€μš”.
02:04
because you're going to be spending a lot of time together.
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λ§Žμ€ μ‹œκ°„μ„ ν•¨κ»˜ 보내야 ν•  ν…Œλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
02:06
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
μ’‹μ•„μš”. 제 μ–˜κΈ°λŠ” κ·Έλ§Œν•˜κ³  μ΄μ‚°ν™”νƒ„μ†Œ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°λ‘œ λ„˜μ–΄κ°€μ£ .
02:08
OK, alright. But enough about me.
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02:09
Let's talk about CO2.
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02:11
CO2 is the star of my talk.
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이 κ°•μ—°μ˜ 주인곡은 μ΄μ‚°ν™”νƒ„μ†Œμ΄λ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
02:13
Now, most of you probably think of CO2 as a pollutant.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ€ μ•„λ§ˆλ„ μ΄μ‚°ν™”νƒ„μ†Œλ₯Ό κ³΅ν•΄ν•˜κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜μ‹œκ² μ£ .
02:18
Or perhaps you think of CO2 as the villain in the novel, you know?
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μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ μ†Œμ„€μ— λ‚˜μ˜€λŠ” μ•…λ‹Ήμ΄λ‚˜ 뭐 그런 걸둜 μ—¬κΈ°μ‹€ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:23
It's always the dark side of CO2.
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항상 μ΄μ‚°ν™”νƒ„μ†Œμ˜ μ–΄λ‘μš΄ 면을 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:26
But as a plant biologist, I see the other side of CO2, actually.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 식물 μƒλ¬Όν•™μžλ‘œμ„œ μ €λŠ” 사싀 μ΄μ‚°ν™”νƒ„μ†Œμ˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ 면도 λ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:31
And that CO2 that we see,
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저희가 μ΄μ‚°ν™”νƒ„μ†Œλ₯Ό μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ³Ό 달리 λ³΄λŠ” μ΄μœ λŠ”
02:34
we see it differently because I think we remember, as plant biologists,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 잊고 μžˆλŠ” 사싀을 저희 μ‹λ¬Όν•™μžλ“€μ€ μ•ŒκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:38
something you may have forgotten.
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02:40
And that is that plants actually do this process called photosynthesis.
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식물듀이 κ΄‘ν•©μ„±μ΄λΌλŠ” 것을 ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 사싀 말이죠.
02:45
And when they do photosynthesis --
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λ°”λ‘œ κ·Έ κ΄‘ν•©μ„± 덕뢄에
02:47
all carbon-based life on our earth
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νƒ„μ†Œλ₯Ό μ£Όμ„±λΆ„μœΌλ‘œ ν•˜λŠ” μ§€κ΅¬μƒμ˜ λͺ¨λ“  생λͺ…체듀은
02:51
is all because of the CO2 that plants and other photosynthetic microbes
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μ΄μ‚°ν™”νƒ„μ†Œ 덕뢄에 μ‘΄μž¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
식물과 κ΄‘ν•©μ„± 미생물듀이
02:56
have dragged in from CO2 that was in the atmosphere.
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λŒ€κΈ°μ—μ„œ κ°€μ Έμ˜€λŠ” μ΄μ‚°ν™”νƒ„μ†Œ 덕뢄이죠.
03:01
And almost all of the carbon in your body came from air, basically.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 기본적으둜 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ λͺΈμ˜ νƒ„μ†Œ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ€ κ³΅κΈ°μ—μ„œ μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:04
So you come from air,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ κ΄‘ν•©μ„± 덕뢄에, κ³΅κΈ°λ‘œλΆ€ν„° 온 κ±°μ§€μš”.
03:06
and it's because of photosynthesis,
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03:08
because what plants do is they use the energy in sunlight,
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μ™œλƒλ©΄ 식물이 ν•˜λŠ” 일은 νƒœμ–‘λΉ›μ˜ μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•΄μ„œ
03:11
take that CO2 and fix it into sugars.
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μ΄μ‚°ν™”νƒ„μ†Œλ₯Ό λ‹ΉμœΌλ‘œ λ°”κΎΈλŠ” κ²ƒμ΄λ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
03:15
It's a great thing.
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λŒ€λ‹¨ν•œ μΌμ΄μ§€μš”.
03:16
And the other thing that is really important
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그리고 또 정말 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것 ν•˜λ‚˜λ₯Ό 였늘 λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬λ €κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:18
for what I'm going to tell you today
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03:20
is that plants and other photosynthetic microbes
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식물과 κ΄‘ν•©μ„± 미생물은
03:23
have a great capacity for doing this --
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λŒ€λ‹¨ν•œ μ΄μ‚°ν™”νƒ„μ†Œ μˆ˜μš©λŸ‰μ„ κ°€μ‘Œλ‹€λŠ” μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:26
twentyfold or more than the amount of CO2 that we put up
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인간 ν™œλ™μœΌλ‘œ μƒκΈ°λŠ” μ΄μ‚°ν™”νƒ„μ†Œμ˜ 20λ°° 이상을 μˆ˜μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:30
because of our human activities.
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03:33
And so, even though we're not doing a great job
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ°°μΆœλŸ‰ κ°μ†Œλ‚˜ 그런 것듀을 잘 해내지 λͺ»ν•˜λ”라도
03:36
at cutting our emissions and things,
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03:38
plants have the capacity,
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식물듀이 κ΄‘ν•©μ„± μœ κΈ°μ²΄λ‘œμ„œμ˜
03:42
as photosynthetic organisms, to help out.
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수용λŠ₯λ ₯으둜 도와쀄 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:45
So we're hoping that's what they'll do.
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그게 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ›ν•˜λŠ” λ°”μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:48
But there's a catch here.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 함정이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:50
We have to help the plants a little ourselves,
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μš°λ¦¬λ„ 식물듀을 μ’€ λ„μ™€μ•Όλ§Œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:52
because what plants like to do is put most of the CO2 into sugars.
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μ™œλƒλ©΄ 식물이 ν•˜λŠ” 일은
μ΄μ‚°ν™”νƒ„μ†Œ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ„ λ‹ΉμœΌλ‘œ λ°”κΎΈλŠ” 것인데
03:57
And when the end of the growing season comes,
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μ„±μž₯κΈ°κ°€ 끝날 λ•Œμ―€μ΄λ©΄
04:00
the plant dies and decomposes,
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식물이 μ£½κ³  λΆ„ν•΄λ˜λŠ” κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ
04:02
and then all that work they did to suck out the CO2 from the atmosphere
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식물이 λŒ€κΈ° μ€‘μ—μ„œ μ΄μ‚°ν™”νƒ„μ†Œλ₯Ό ν‘μˆ˜ν•΄μ„œ λ§Œλ“ 
04:07
and make carbon-based biomass
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νƒ„μ†Œ 기반 μœ κΈ°λ¬Όλ“€μ΄
04:10
is now basically going right back up in the atmosphere as CO2.
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λ°˜λŒ€λ‘œ μ΄μ‚°ν™”νƒ„μ†Œμ˜ ν˜•νƒœλ‘œ λŒ€κΈ° μ€‘μœΌλ‘œ λŒμ•„κ°€κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:15
So how can we get plants to redistribute the CO2 they bring in
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ 식물이 ν‘μˆ˜ν•œ μ΄μ‚°ν™”νƒ„μ†Œλ₯Ό μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μž¬λΆ„λ°°ν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
04:21
into something that's a little more stable?
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보닀 μ•ˆμ •μ μΈ ν˜•νƒœλ‘œ 말이죠.
04:24
And so it turns out that plants make this product,
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자, 식물은 이런 λ¬Όμ§ˆμ„ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ‚΄λŠ”λ°
04:27
and it's called suberin.
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수베린이라고 ν•˜λŠ” λ¬Όμ§ˆμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:29
This is a natural product that is in all plant roots.
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λͺ¨λ“  μ‹λ¬Όμ˜ λΏŒλ¦¬μ— μžˆλŠ” μžμ—°μ μΈ 산물이죠.
04:32
And suberin is really cool,
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그리고 수베린의 정말 멋진 점은
04:34
because as you can see there, I hope,
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μ—¬κΈ° λ³΄μ‹œλ‹€μ‹œν”Ό
04:37
everywhere you see a black dot, that's a carbon.
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μ—¬κΈ°μ €κΈ°μ„œ 검은 점이 λ³΄μ΄λŠ”λ° 그게 νƒ„μ†Œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:40
There's hundreds of them in this molecule.
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이 λΆ„μž μ•ˆμ— 수백 κ°œκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:42
And where you see those few red dots,
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그리고 μ—¬κΈ° λ³΄μ΄λŠ” λͺ‡ 개의 λΉ¨κ°„ 점이
04:45
those are oxygens.
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μ‚°μ†Œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:46
And oxygen is what microbes like to find
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미생물이 식물을 λΆ„ν•΄ν•˜λŠ” 데에 이 μ‚°μ†Œκ°€ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:48
so they can decompose a plant.
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04:51
So you can see why this is a perfect carbon storage device.
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μ™œ 이게 μ™„λ²½ν•œ νƒ„μ†Œ μ €μž₯μž₯μΉ˜μΈμ§€ 이해가 λ˜μ‹€ κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
04:54
And actually it can stabilize the carbon that gets fixed by the plant
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이런 μ‹μœΌλ‘œ 식물 μ•ˆμ— νƒ„μ†Œλ₯Ό μ•ˆμ •ν™”μ‹œμΌœμ„œ
05:00
into something that's a little bit better for the plant.
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μ‹λ¬Όμ—κ²Œ 더 μœ μ΅ν•œ 물질둜 κ³ μ •λ˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:04
And so, why now?
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그러면..
μ™œ ν•˜ν•„ μ§€κΈˆμ΄
05:06
Why is now a good time to do a biological solution to this problem?
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κΈ°ν›„ λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό μƒλ¬Όν•™μ μœΌλ‘œ ν•΄κ²°ν•˜κΈ°μ— 쒋은 λ•ŒμΌκΉŒμš”?
05:12
It's because over the last 30 or so years --
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μ™œλƒλ©΄..
μ§€λ‚œ 30년이 λ„˜λŠ” μ‹œκ°„ λ™μ•ˆ..
05:16
and I know that's a long time, you're saying, "Why now?" --
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κ·Έ κΈ΄ μ‹œκ°„μ„ 보내고 μ™œ μ§€κΈˆμ΄λƒκ³  ν•˜μ‹€ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆλŠ”λ°
05:19
but 30 years ago, we began to understand
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 30λ…„ 전에 μš°λ¦¬λŠ”
05:21
the functions of all the genes that are in an organism in general.
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μ „λ°˜μ μΈ 유기체의 μœ μ „μž μ „λΆ€λ₯Ό μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:25
And that included humans as well as plants
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μ‚¬λžŒκ³Ό 식물은 물둠이고
05:28
and many other complicated eukaryotes.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ λ§Žμ€ λ³΅μž‘ν•œ μ§„ν•΅μƒλ¬ΌκΉŒμ§€λ„μš”.
05:32
And so, what did the 1980s begin?
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 1980λ…„λŒ€μ— 뭐가 μ‹œμž‘λ˜μ—ˆμ£ ?
05:35
What began then is that we now know
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ•Œκ³  μžˆλŠ”
05:37
the function of many of the genes that are in a plant
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μ‹λ¬Όμ˜ μ„±μž₯ 촉진 μœ μ „μžμ˜ κΈ°λŠ₯이 λ°ν˜€μ§€κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:39
that tell a plant to grow.
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05:41
And that has now converged with the fact that we can do genomics
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그리고 μ§€κΈˆμ€ μœ μ „μ²΄ν•™μ„ ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ 연ꡬ에 λ”μš± 집쀑할 수 있게 λ˜μ—ˆμ£ .
05:46
in a faster and cheaper way than we ever did before.
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κ·Έ μ–΄λŠ λ•Œλ³΄λ‹€ λΉ λ₯΄κ³  μ €λ ΄ν•œ λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œμš”.
05:49
And what that tells us is that all life on earth is really related,
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κ·Έ 결과둜 λ°ν˜€μ§„ 사싀은
μ§€κ΅¬μƒμ˜ λͺ¨λ“  생λͺ…체듀은 μ„œλ‘œ μ—°κ²°λ˜μ–΄ 있고
05:53
but plants are more related to each other than other organisms.
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식물듀은 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ–΄λ–€ μœ κΈ°μ²΄λ³΄λ‹€λ„ 더 깊게 μ—°κ²°λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:58
And that you can take a trait that you know from one plant
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ ν•œ μ‹λ¬Όμ˜ νŠΉμ§ˆμ„ λ½‘μ•„λ‚΄μ„œ
06:02
and put it in another plant,
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 식물에 μ μš©ν•˜κ²Œ 되면
06:04
and you can make a prediction that it'll do the same thing.
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λ˜‘κ°™μ€ μž‘μš©μ„ ν•  거라고 μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:08
And so that's important as well.
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이것 λ˜ν•œ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 사싀이죠.
06:09
Then finally, we have these little genetic tricks that came along,
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μ΅œμ’…μ μœΌλ‘œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λͺ‡ 가지 μœ μ „μ μΈ κΈ°μˆ μ„ μ–»μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:13
like you heard about this morning --
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였늘 아침에 λ“€μœΌμ…¨λ“―μ΄..
06:15
things like CRISPR, that allows us to do editing
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크리슀퍼 같은 μœ μ „μž νŽΈμ§‘ 기술둜
06:18
and make genes be a little different from the normal state in the plant.
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식물이 가진 ν‰λ²”ν•œ μœ μ „μžλ₯Ό 쑰금 λ‹€λ₯΄κ²Œ λ°”κΏ€ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:23
OK, so now we have biology on our side.
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자, 이제 생물학은 우리 편인거죠.
06:25
I'm a biologist, so that's why I'm proposing a solution
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ €λŠ” μƒλ¬Όν•™μžλ‘œμ„œ μ œμ•ˆν•˜κ±΄λŒ€
κΈ°ν›„ λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•  방법이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:29
to the climate change problem
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06:32
that really involves the best evolved organism on earth to do it -- plants.
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μ§€κ΅¬μƒμ—μ„œ 졜고둜 μ§„ν™”λœ 유기체인 식물을 λŒμ–΄λ“€μ΄λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:37
So how are we going to do it?
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그럼 뭘 ν•΄μ•Ό ν• κΉŒμš”?
06:39
Biology comes to the rescue.
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생물학이 손을 λ‚΄λ°€μ—ˆμœΌλ‹ˆ μ‹œμž‘ν•΄ 보죠.
06:41
Here we go.
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06:43
OK.
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μ’‹μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:45
You have to remember three simple things from my talk, OK?
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이 κ°•μ—°μ—μ„œλŠ” λ”± μ„Έ κ°€μ§€λ§Œ κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€, μ•„μ‹œκ² μ£ ?
06:50
We have to get plants to make more suberin than they normally make,
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식물이 μˆ˜λ² λ¦°μ„ ν‰μ†Œλ³΄λ‹€ 더 많이 λ§Œλ“€κ²Œ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:54
because we need them to be a little better than what they are.
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ν•˜λ˜ 일을 μ’€ 더 잘 ν•˜λŠ” 식물이 ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
06:57
We have to get them to make more roots,
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식물이 뿌리λ₯Ό 더 많이 λ‚΄λ¦¬κ²Œ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:01
because if we make more roots, we can make more suberin --
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뿌리λ₯Ό 더 많이 λ‚΄λ¦΄μˆ˜λ‘
μˆ˜λ² λ¦°μ„ 더 많이 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ„œ 좕적할 세포가 μƒκΈ°λŠ” κ±°λ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
07:04
now we have more of the cells that suberin likes to accumulate in.
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07:09
And then the third thing is, we want the plants to have deeper roots.
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그리고 μ„Έ λ²ˆμ§ΈλŠ”, 뿌리λ₯Ό 더 깊게 λ»—κ²Œ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:12
And what that does is --
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κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν•˜λ©΄..
07:14
we're asking the plant, actually, "OK, make stable carbon,
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μ‹λ¬Όμ—κ²Œ λΆ€νƒν•˜λŠ” μ…ˆμ΄μ£ .
"자, μ•ˆμ •μ μΈ νƒ„μ†Œλ₯Ό ν•„μš” μ΄μƒμœΌλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ„œ
07:17
more than you used to,
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07:19
and then bury it for us in the ground."
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우리λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ λ•… 속에 묻어 쀘. "
07:21
So they can do that if they make roots that go deep
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그러렀면 식물이 뿌리λ₯Ό 깊게 λ»—μ–΄μ•Όκ² μ£ .
07:24
rather than meander around on the surface of the soil.
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μ§€ν‘œλ©΄μ— μ–•κ²Œ νΌλœ¨λ¦¬λŠ” λŒ€μ‹ μ—μš”.
07:27
Those are the three traits we want to change:
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이 μ„Έ 가지가 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ°”κΎΈκ³  싢은 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:30
more suberin, more roots, and the last one, deep roots.
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λ§Žμ€ 수베린, λ§Žμ€ 뿌리, λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ κΉŠμ€ λΏŒλ¦¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:35
Then we want to combine all those traits in one plant,
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그리고 이 μ„Έ 가지 νŠΉμ„±μ„ ν•œ 식물에 ν•©μΉ  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:38
and we can do that easily and we will do it,
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μ‰½κ²Œ ν•  수 있으며, κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:41
and we are doing it actually, in the model plant, Arabidopsis,
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사싀 이미 ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λͺ¨λΈμ‹λ¬ΌμΈ μ• κΈ°μž₯λŒ€μ—λ‹€κ°€μš”.
07:45
which allows us to do these experiments much faster
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μ• κΈ°μž₯λŒ€ 식물을 μ΄μš©ν•˜λ©΄ 훨씬 λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ μ‹€ν—˜ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:48
than we can do in another big plant.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 큰 식물에 ν•˜λŠ” 것에 λΉ„ν•΄μ„œ 말이죠.
07:51
And when we find that we have plants where traits all add up
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μ„Έ νŠΉμ„±μ„ ν•©μΉœ 식물을 λ§Œλ“€κ³  λ‚˜λ©΄
07:55
and we can get more of them, more suberin in those plants,
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더 λ§Žμ€ μˆ˜λ² λ¦°μ΄λ‚˜, 그런 것듀을 κ°•ν™”ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:58
we're going to move it all --
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그리고 이λ₯Ό μ‘μš©ν•˜λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
08:00
we can and we we will, we're beginning to do this --
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이 일도 μ‹€ν˜„ κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜κ³  κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν•  κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:02
move it to crop plants.
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λ°”λ‘œ λ†μž‘λ¬Όμ— μ‘μš©ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:04
And I'll tell you why we're picking crop plants to do the work for us
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λ†μž‘λ¬Όμ— 이 일을 λ§‘κΈ°λ €λŠ” μ΄μœ λŠ”
08:09
when I get to that part of my talk.
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쑰금 μžˆλ‹€κ°€ λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:12
OK, so I think this is the science behind the whole thing.
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자, κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 이 λͺ¨λ“  게 κ³Όν•™μ˜ μ˜μ—­μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:16
And so I know we can do the science, I feel pretty confident about that.
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과학은 우리의 μ „λ¬Έ λΆ„μ•Όμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έ μ μ—μ„œλŠ” κ½€ μžμ‹ μ΄ 있죠.
08:20
And the reason is because, just in the last year,
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μ™œλƒλ©΄ λ°”λ‘œ μž‘λ…„μ—
08:22
we've been able to find single genes that affect each of those three traits.
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μ„Έ 가지 νŠΉμ„± 각각에 영ν–₯을 μ£ΌλŠ” μœ μ „μž ν•˜λ‚˜λ₯Ό μ°Ύμ•„λƒˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:27
And in several of those cases, two out of the three,
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그리고 κ·Έ 쀑에 λͺ‡ κ°€μ§€λŠ”, μ…‹ 쀑에 두 가지 νŠΉμ„±μ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œλŠ”
08:31
we have more than one way to get there.
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두 가지 μ΄μƒμ˜ 방법을 μ°Ύμ•„λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:33
So that tells us we might be able to even combine within a trait
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μ–΄μ©Œλ©΄ ν•œ νŠΉμ„±μ„ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬ 방법듀을 μ‘°ν•©ν•΄μ„œ
08:37
and get even more suberin.
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더 λ§Žμ€ μˆ˜λ² λ¦°μ„ λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆμ„μ§€λ„ λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:41
This shows one result,
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이게 κ²°κ³Όλ¬Όμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:43
where we have a plant here on the right
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μ—¬κΈ° 였λ₯Έμͺ½μ— μžˆλŠ” 식물은
08:45
that's making more than double the amount of root
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μ™Όμͺ½μ— μžˆλŠ” 식물보닀 뿌리의 양이 두 λ°° λ„˜κ²Œ λ§ŽμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:47
than the plant on the left,
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08:49
and that's just because of the way we expressed one gene
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식물이 가진 μ–΄λ–€ μœ μ „μžλ₯Ό ν‘œν˜„ν•˜λŠ” 방식을
08:51
that's normally in the plant
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08:53
in a slightly different way than the plant usually does on its own.
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살짝 λ‹€λ₯΄κ²Œ λ°”κΏ¨κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:57
Alright, so that's just one example I wanted to show you.
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μ’‹μ•„μš”. 이건 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ μ˜ˆμ— λΆˆκ³Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:00
And now I want to tell you that, you know,
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μ†”μ§νžˆ λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬λ©΄..
09:02
we still have a lot of challenges, actually,
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문제 해결을 μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” 아직도 λ§Žμ€ κ³Όμ œκ°€ 남아 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:05
when we get to this problem,
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09:07
because it takes ...
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ ν•„μš”ν•œ 것이..
09:09
We have to get the farmers to actually buy the seeds,
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λ†λΆ€λ“€μ—κ²Œ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 이 μ’…μžλ₯Ό νŒ”μ•„μ•Ό ν•˜μ£ .
09:13
or at least the seed company to buy seeds
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μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ 적어도 농뢀듀이 μ›ν•˜λŠ” μ’…μžλ₯Ό μ’…λ¬˜νšŒμ‚¬μ— νŒ”μ•„μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:15
that farmers are going to want to have.
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09:18
And so when we do the experiments,
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κ·Έλ ‡κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ‹€ν—˜ κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ
09:20
we can't actually take a loss in yield,
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μˆ˜ν™•λŸ‰μ΄ κ°μ†Œν•΄μ„œλŠ” μ•ˆ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:24
because while we are doing these experiments,
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μ™œλƒλ©΄ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 이 μ‹€ν—˜μ„ ν•˜λŠ” λ™μ•ˆμ—λ„
09:27
say, beginning about 10 years from now,
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ν•œ, 10λ…„ μ •λ„μ˜ μ‹œκ°„ μ•ˆμ—
09:29
the earth's population will be even more than it is right now.
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μ§€κ΅¬μ˜ μΈκ΅¬λŠ” μ§€κΈˆλ³΄λ‹€λ„ 더 λ§Žμ•„μ§ˆ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:33
And it's rapidly growing still.
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μ—¬μ „νžˆ λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ μ¦κ°€ν•˜κ³  있죠.
09:35
So by the end of the century, we have 11 billion people,
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κΈˆμ„ΈκΈ° 말이면 110μ–΅λͺ…에 달할 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:38
we have wasted ecosystems that aren't really going to be able to handle
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ νŒŒκ΄΄ν•œ μƒνƒœκ³„λŠ”
κ·Έ μ •λ„μ˜ 농업 μƒμ‚°μ—μ„œ μ˜€λŠ” λΆ€ν•˜λ₯Ό κ°λ‹Ήν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•  κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:42
all the load they have to take from agriculture.
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09:46
And then we also have this competition for land.
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그리고 μ‹€ν—˜μ— μ“Έ 땅도 λ¬Έμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:51
And so we figure, to do this carbon sequestration experiment
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νƒ„μ†Œ 격리 μ‹€ν—˜μ„ μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜λ €λ©΄
09:56
actually requires a fair amount of land.
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μƒλ‹Ήν•œ 면적의 땅이 ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:00
We can't take it away from food,
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€κ³  농사짓고 μžˆλŠ” 땅을 뺏어 올 μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:03
because we have to feed the people that are also going to be on the earth
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이 μ€‘λŒ€ν•œ μœ„κΈ°λ₯Ό λ²—μ–΄λ‚  λ•ŒκΉŒμ§€λŠ” μƒˆλ‘œ νƒœμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” μΈκ΅¬κΉŒμ§€
10:06
until we get past this big crisis.
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λ‹€ λ¨Ήμ—¬μ•Όλ§Œ ν•˜λ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
10:09
And the climate change is actually causing loss of yield all over the earth.
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그리고 κΈ°ν›„ λ³€ν™”λŠ” μ „ μ§€κ΅¬μ μœΌλ‘œ μˆ˜ν™•λŸ‰μ˜ κ°μ†Œλ₯Ό μ΄ˆλž˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:13
So why would farmers want to buy seeds
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆ μ’…μžκ°€ μˆ˜ν™•λŸ‰μ— 영ν–₯을 μ€€λ‹€λ©΄ κ·Έκ±Έ μ‚¬λŠ” 농뢀가 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
10:16
if it's going to impact yield?
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10:18
So we're not going to let it impact yield,
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λ”°λΌμ„œ μˆ˜ν™•λŸ‰μ—λŠ” 영ν–₯을 주지 μ•ŠμœΌλ©΄μ„œ
10:20
we're going to always have checks and balances
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항상 ν™•μΈν•˜κ³  κ· ν˜•μ„ λ§žμΆ°μ„œ
10:22
that says go or no go on that experiment.
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계속 κ°ˆμ§€ 말지λ₯Ό μ‘°μ ˆν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:25
And then the second thing is, when a plant actually makes more carbon
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ν•œ 가지 더 λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦΄ 것은 식물이 더 λ§Žμ€ νƒ„μ†Œλ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ„œ
10:29
and buries it in the soil like that,
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ν† μ–‘ 속에 λ¬»λŠ”λ‹€κ³  해도
10:31
almost all the soils on earth are actually depleted of carbon
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ 토양은 이미 νƒ„μ†Œκ°€ 고갈된 μƒνƒœλΌλŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:35
because of the load from agriculture,
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μ§€κΈˆ 지ꡬ상에 μ‚΄κ³  μžˆλŠ”
10:38
trying to feed eight billion people,
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80μ–΅λͺ…μ˜ 인ꡬλ₯Ό 먹이기 μœ„ν•œ
10:40
which is what lives on the earth right now.
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농업 μƒμ‚°λŸ‰μ„ 감당해야 ν•˜λ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
10:43
And so, that is also a problem as well.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆ 이것도 λ¬Έμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:48
Plants that are making more carbon, those soils become enriched in carbon.
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식물듀이 더 λ§Žμ€ νƒ„μ†Œλ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€λ©΄ 토양에 νƒ„μ†Œκ°€ ν’λΆ€ν•΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:51
And carbon-enriched soils actually hold nitrogen
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그리고 νƒ„μ†Œκ°€ ν’λΆ€ν•œ ν† μ–‘μ—λŠ”
μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μ§ˆμ†Œ, ν™©, 인산염과 같은
10:56
and they hold sulphur and they hold phosphate --
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10:58
all the minerals that are required for plants to grow and have a good yield.
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μ‹λ¬Όμ˜ μ„±μž₯κ³Ό μˆ˜ν™•λŸ‰ μ¦λŒ€μ— ν•„μš”ν•œ λ―Έλ„€λž„λ“€μ΄ λ‹€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:02
And they also retain water in the soil as well.
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그리고 물도 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:05
So the suberin will break up into little particles
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μˆ˜λ² λ¦°μ€ μž‘μ€ μž…μžλ“€λ‘œ λΆ€μ„œμ Έμ„œ
11:07
and give the whole soil a new texture.
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ν† μ–‘ μ „μ²΄μ˜ ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό λ°”κΏ”λ†“μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:10
And as we've shown that we can get more carbon in that soil,
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λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦° κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ 토양에 더 λ§Žμ€ νƒ„μ†Œλ₯Ό μ €μž₯ν•˜λ©΄
11:13
the soil will get darker.
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더 짙은 색을 λ•λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:15
And so we will be able to measure all that,
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그러면 효과λ₯Ό μΈ‘μ •ν•  수 있겠죠.
11:18
and hopefully, this is going to help us solve the problem.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 이 μ‹€ν—˜μ΄ 문제 해결에 도움이 될 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:22
So, OK.
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μ’‹μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:23
So we have the challenges of a lot of land that we need to use,
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μ‹€ν—˜μ— μ“Έ 넓은 땅을 쑰달해야 ν•˜κ³ 
11:27
we have to get farmers to buy it,
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λ†λΆ€λ“€μ—κ²Œ μ’…μžλ₯Ό νŒ”μ•„μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이게 κ°€μž₯ νž˜λ“€ 것 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:29
and that's going to be the hard thing for us, I think,
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11:32
because we're not really salesmen,
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μ™œλƒλ©΄ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ„ΈμΌμ¦ˆλ§¨μ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆκ±°λ“ μš”.
11:34
we're people who like to Google a person rather than meet them,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 직접 λˆ„κ΅΄ λ§Œλ‚˜λŠ” 것보닀 κ΅¬κΈ€λ§ν•˜λŠ” 게 더 μ΅μˆ™ν•΄μ„œμš”.
11:37
you know what I mean?
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11:39
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
11:40
That's what scientists are mostly like.
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κ³Όν•™μžλ“€μ΄ λ‹€ κ·Έλ ‡μ£ .
11:43
But we know now that, you know, no one can really deny --
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이제 μ•„μ‹œλ‹€μ‹œν”Ό
κΈ°ν›„κ°€ λ³€ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 사싀을 λΆ€μ •ν•  μ‚¬λžŒμ€ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:46
the climate is changing, everyone knows that.
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λˆ„κ΅¬λ‚˜ μ•Œκ³  있죠.
11:50
And it's here and it's bad and it's serious,
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ν˜„μ‹€μ΄μž μ‹¬κ°ν•œ λ¬Έμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:52
and we need to do something about it.
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œλ“  ν•΄μ•Όλ§Œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:54
But I feel pretty optimistic that we can do this.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ €λŠ” λ‚™κ΄€μ μœΌλ‘œ λ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€. ν•΄κ²°ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:57
So I'm here today as a character witness for plants.
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μ €λŠ” 였늘 μ‹λ¬Όλ“€μ˜ 성격 증인으둜 λ‚˜μ™”μœΌλ‹ˆ
12:01
And I want to tell you that plants are going to do it for us,
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식물듀이 ν•΄ 쀄 일듀을 μ•Œλ €λ“œλ¦¬κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:04
all we have to do is give them a little help,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ·Έμ € μ•½κ°„ λ„μ™€μ£ΌκΈ°λ§Œ ν•˜λ©΄
12:06
and they will go and get a gold medal for humanity.
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식물이 인λ₯˜μ—κ²Œ 큰 선물을 ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:09
Thank you very much.
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κ³ λ§™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:10
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
12:14
(Cheers)
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(ν™˜ν˜Έ)
12:16
Thank you.
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κ³ λ§™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:17
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
12:25
I finally got it out.
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겨우 λλ‚¬λ„€μš”.
12:30
Chris Anderson: Wow.
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크리슀 μ•€λ”μŠ¨: μ™€μš°.
12:32
Joanne, you're so extraordinary.
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μ‘°μ•ˆ, 정말 μ—„μ²­λ‚˜λ„€μš”.
12:34
Just to be sure we heard this right:
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μ œλŒ€λ‘œ 듀은 건지 확인 μ’€ ν• κ²Œμš”.
12:36
you believe that within the next 10 years
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λ§μ”€λŒ€λ‘œλΌλ©΄ μ•žμœΌλ‘œ 10λ…„ 이내에
12:39
you may be able to offer the world
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κ°œλŸ‰λœ ν’ˆμ’…μ˜ μ£Όλ₯˜ μž‘λ¬Όλ“€μ„
12:43
seed variants for the major crops, like -- what? -- wheat, corn, maybe rice,
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λ°€, μ˜₯수수, μŒ€ 같은 것듀을 내놓을 수 μžˆμ„ κ±°λΌλŠ” κ±°μ£ ?
12:50
that can offer farmers just as much yield,
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μˆ˜ν™•λŸ‰μ€ λ˜‘κ°™μœΌλ©΄μ„œλ„
12:53
sequester three times, four times, more carbon than they currently do?
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μ§€κΈˆλ³΄λ‹€ 3λ°°, 4λ°° λ§Žμ€ νƒ„μ†Œλ₯Ό κ²©λ¦¬ν•˜λŠ” 그런 ν’ˆμ’…μ„μš”?
크리슀: μ–΄μ©Œλ©΄ κ·Έ 이상...
12:59
Even more than that?
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13:00
Joanne Chory: We don't know that number, really.
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μ‘°μ•ˆ 코리: μ •ν™•ν•œ μˆ˜μΉ˜λŠ” λͺ¨λ₯΄μ§€λ§Œ μ§€κΈˆλ³΄λ‹€λŠ” λ§Žμ„ κ±°μ—μš”.
13:02
But they will do more.
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13:04
CA: And at the same time,
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크리슀: 그와 λ™μ‹œμ— κ²½μž‘μ§€λ₯Ό 더 λΉ„μ˜₯ν•˜κ²Œλ„ ν•΄ μ£Όκ³ μš”?
13:05
make the soil that those farmers have more fertile?
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13:09
JC: Yes, right.
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μ‘°μ•ˆ: λ„€, λ§žμ•„μš”.
13:10
CA: So that is astonishing.
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크리슀: 정말 λ†€λžλ„€μš”.
13:12
And the genius of doing that and a solution that can scale
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그리고 μ§„μ§œ 천재적인 점은 이 해결책을 ν™•μž₯ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
13:16
where there's already scale.
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이미 ν™•μž₯ν•˜κ³  μžˆκ΅¬μš”.
13:18
JC: Yes, thank you for saying that.
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μ‘°μ•ˆ: λ„€. κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ λ§μ”€ν•΄μ£Όμ‹œλ‹ˆ κ³ λ§™λ„€μš”.
13:19
CA: No, no, you said it, you said it.
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크리슀: 수백만의, 아뇨. μ‹€μ œλ‘œ κ·Έλ ‡μ£ .
13:21
But it almost seems too good to be true.
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λ―ΏκΈ° νž˜λ“€ μ •λ„λ‘œ 쒋은 μ†Œμ‹μ΄λ„€μš”.
13:25
Your Audacious Project is that we scale up the research in your lab
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λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ Audacious ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈλŠ” μ‹€ν—˜μ‹€ μ•ˆμ˜ 연ꡬλ₯Ό ν™•μž₯ν•˜κ³ 
13:30
and pave the way to start some of these pilots
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μ‹œν—˜ μ μš©μ„ μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ 길을 λ‹¦μ•„μ„œ
13:34
and make this incredible vision possible.
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이 λ―ΏκΈ° νž˜λ“  κ°€λŠ₯성을 ν˜„μ‹€λ‘œ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” κ±°μ£ .
13:36
JC: That's right, yes, thank you.
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μ‘°μ•ˆ: λ„€. λ§žμ•„μš”. κ³ λ§ˆμ›Œμš”.
13:38
CA: Joanne Chory, thank you so much.
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크리슀: μ‘°μ•ˆ, 정말 κ³ λ§™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:40
Godspeed.
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잘 되길 λ°”λž˜μš”.
13:41
(Applause)
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(κ°ˆμ±„)
13:44
JC: Thank you.
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κ³ λ§™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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