How we experience time and memory through art | Sarah Sze

74,915 views ใƒป 2019-09-30

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
I want to start with a question.
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ: JungJae Lee ๊ฒ€ํ† : Eunice Yunjung Nam
ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:03
Where does an artwork begin?
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์˜ˆ์ˆ  ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์€ ์–ด๋””์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
00:06
Now sometimes that question is absurd.
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๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ํ„ฐ๋ฌด๋‹ˆ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ,
00:09
It can seem deceptively simple,
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๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:12
as it was when I asked the question with this piece, "Portable Planetarium,"
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์ด ์ž‘ํ’ˆ, "ํœด๋Œ€์šฉ ํ”Œ๋ผ๋„คํƒ€๋ฅจ"์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์งˆ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
00:16
that I made in 2010.
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2010๋…„ ์ด ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:18
I asked the question:
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์ €๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋˜์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:20
"What would it look like to build a planetarium of one's own?"
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๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ์†Œ์œ ํ•œ ํ”Œ๋ผ๋„คํƒ€๋ฅจ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ค ๋ชจ์Šต์ผ๊นŒ?
00:23
I know you all ask that every morning,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ๋งค์ผ ์•„์นจ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ,
00:25
but I asked myself that question.
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์ €๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์งˆ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:28
And as an artist,
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์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์„œ,
00:30
I was thinking about our effort,
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๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ ์‹ผ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—
00:33
our desire, our continual longing that we've had over the years
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์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ์ˆ˜๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋“ค์—ฌ์˜จ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ, ์š•๋ง๊ณผ ๋์—†๋Š” ๊ฐˆ๋ง์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
00:38
to make meaning of the world around us
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:41
through materials.
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00:43
And for me, to try and find the kind of wonder,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์œผ๋ ค๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ๊ณผ
00:46
but also a kind of futility that lies in that very fragile pursuit,
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๋ฌด์ฒ™ ์—ฐ์•ฝํ•œ ์ถ”๊ตฌ์— ๋†“์ธ ํ—ˆ๋ฌดํ•จ ๋˜ํ•œ
00:52
is part of my art work.
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์˜ˆ์ˆ  ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:53
So I bring together the materials I find around me,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ œ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ํ•œ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ์•„
00:57
I gather them to try and create experiences,
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๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:00
immersive experiences that occupy rooms,
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๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋ฒฝ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ’๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ์ง€๋ฐฐํ•˜๋Š”
01:04
that occupy walls, landscapes, buildings.
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๋ชฐ์ž…๊ฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:07
But ultimately, I want them to occupy memory.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ๊ธฐ์–ต์— ์ž๋ฆฌ ์žก๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:10
And after I've made a work,
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์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ๋‚œ ํ›„,
01:13
I find that there's usually one memory of that work that burns in my head.
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ ๊ธฐ์–ต ์†์— ๊ฐ•๋ ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚จ๋Š” ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:18
And this is the memory for me --
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์ด๋Š” ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ๊ธฐ์–ต์ธ๋ฐ,
01:19
it was this sudden kind of surprising experience
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์ผ์ข…์˜ ๊ฐ‘์ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ณ ๋„ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ฒฝํ—˜์œผ๋กœ,
01:22
of being immersed inside that work of art.
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์˜ˆ์ˆ  ์ž‘์—… ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋กœ ๋ชฐ์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
And it stayed with me and kind of reoccurred in my work
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์ด ๊ฒฝํ—˜์€ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๋‚จ์•„, ์•ฝ 10๋…„ ํ›„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ž‘์—…์—์„œ
01:28
about 10 years later.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
But I want to go back to my graduate school studio.
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๊ทธ ์ „์— ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ์‹œ์ ˆ ์ž‘์—…์‹ค๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
01:34
I think it's interesting, sometimes, when you start a body of work,
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์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ๋ณธ๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๋•Œ
01:37
you need to just completely wipe the plate clean,
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์ฃผ๋ณ€์„ ๋ง๋”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์น˜์›Œ๋ฒ„๋ ค์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
take everything away.
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01:42
And this may not look like wiping the plate clean,
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์ด๊ฑด ๋ง๋”ํ•ด ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ,
01:44
but for me, it was.
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์ œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
Because I had studied painting for about 10 years,
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์ €๋Š” ํšŒํ™”๋ฅผ ์•ฝ 10๋…„๊ฐ„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
01:50
and when I went to graduate school,
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์กธ์—…ํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
01:51
I realized that I had developed skill, but I didn't have a subject.
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์ž‘ํ’ˆ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฃฐ ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” ์ฐพ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Œ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
It was like an athletic skill,
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๋งˆ์น˜ ์šด๋™ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
01:56
because I could paint the figure quickly,
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ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋ ค๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
01:58
but I didn't know why.
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์™œ ๊ทธ๋ ค์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชฐ๋ž์ฃ .
01:59
I could paint it well, but it didn't have content.
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์ž˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:02
And so I decided to put all the paints aside for a while,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ•œ๋™์•ˆ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ์น˜์›Œ๋†“๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ณ ,
02:06
and to ask this question, which was:
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๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋˜์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:08
"Why and how do objects acquire value for us?"
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"์™œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์— ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€?"
02:12
How does a shirt that I know thousands of people wear,
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์ด ์…”์ธ ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋ช…์ด๋‚˜ ์ž…๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ด๋ฏธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
02:17
a shirt like this one,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์…”์ธ  ํ•œ ์žฅ์ด
02:18
how does it somehow feel like it's mine?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‚ด ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋Š” ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ?
02:20
So I started with that experiment,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:22
I decided, by collecting materials that had a certain quality to them.
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ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹Œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๋ชจ์œผ๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:26
They were mass-produced, easily accessible,
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๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
02:28
completely designed for the purpose of their use,
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์˜ค์ง ์“ฐ์ž„์ƒˆ์— ๋งž์ถฐ์„œ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฏธ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ฃ .
02:32
not for their aesthetic.
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02:33
So things like toothpicks, thumbtacks,
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์ด์‘ค์‹œ๊ฐœ๋‚˜ ์••์ •,
02:37
pieces of toilet paper,
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ํ™”์žฅ์ง€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์—
02:38
to see if in the way that I put my energy, my hand, my time into them,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์Ÿ๊ณ  ์† ๋Œ€๊ณ  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„๊ฐ€
02:43
that the behavior could actually create a kind of value in the work itself.
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์ž‘์—… ์ž์ฒด์— ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋ ค ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
One of the other ideas is, I wanted the work to become live.
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ, ์ž‘์—…์— ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ๋ถˆ์–ด ๋„ฃ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:51
So I wanted to take it off of the pedestal,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฐ›์นจ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋–ผ์–ด๋‚ด๊ณ 
02:54
not have a frame around it,
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ํ‹€์„ ๋ฒ—๊ฒจ๋‚ด์–ด
02:55
have the experience not be that you came to something
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์ž‘ํ’ˆ์— ๋‹ค๊ฐ€๊ฐ”์„ ๋•Œ
๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
02:58
and told you that it was important,
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03:00
but that you discover that it was in your own time.
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์ด ๊ด€๊ฐ์˜ ๊ณ ์œ ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์†ํ•ด์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:03
So this is like a very, very old idea in sculpture,
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์ด๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฌด์ฒ™ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:07
which is: How do we breathe life into inanimate materials?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ์ƒ๋ช…์ด ์—†๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ์— ์ˆจ๊ฒฐ์„ ๋ถˆ์–ด ๋„ฃ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ?
03:12
And so, I would go to a space like this,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์—ฐ์ถœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:14
where there was a wall,
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฒฝ์—
03:15
and use the paint itself,
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ํŽ˜์ธํŠธ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ 
03:18
pull the paint out off the wall,
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ฒฝ์—์„œ ํŽ˜์ธํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ฒ—๊ธด ๋’ค
03:19
the wall paint into space to create a sculpture.
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๊ณต๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:22
Because I was also interested in this idea
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜ํ•œ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋Š๋‚€ ๊ฒƒ์€
03:24
that these terms, "sculpture," "painting," "installation" --
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"์กฐ๊ฐ", "ํšŒํ™”", "์„ค์น˜" ๊ฐ™์€ ํ‘œํ˜„์ด ์ฃผ๋Š” ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
03:27
none of these mattered in the way we actually see the world.
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์ด ํ‘œํ˜„๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์‹ค์ œ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์—
03:30
So I wanted to blur those boundaries,
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์ „ํ˜€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:33
both between mediums that artists talk about,
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์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ ๋งค์ฒด ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
03:36
but also blur the experience of being in life and being in art,
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๋™์‹œ์— ์ƒ๋ช…๊ณผ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ด ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ—˜ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋„ ํ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ๊ณ 
03:40
so that when you are in your everyday,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ผ์ƒ์— ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
03:42
or when you are in one of my works,
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์ œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ์†์— ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ
03:44
and you saw, you recognized the everyday,
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์ผ์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ 
03:48
you could then move that experience into your own life,
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ๊ด€๊ฐ ๊ณ ์œ ์˜ ์‚ถ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ์„œ
03:52
and perhaps see the art in everyday life.
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์ผ์ƒ์—์„œ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
I was in graduate school in the '90s,
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์ €๋Š” 90๋…„๋Œ€์— ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ์กธ์—…ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
03:58
and my studio just became more and more filled with images,
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์ œ ์ž‘์—…์‹ค์€ ๊ทธ์ € ์ ์  ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋กœ ์ฑ„์›Œ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:01
as did my life.
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์ œ ์‚ถ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
04:02
And this confusion of images and objects
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์ด ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์™€ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์˜ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์€
04:05
was really part of the way I was trying to make sense of materials.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
And also, I was interested in how this might change
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ด ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„
04:12
the way that we actually experience time.
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๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:15
If we're experiencing time through materials,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:17
what happens when images and objects become confused in space?
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์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์™€ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์ด ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ์†์—์„œ ๋’ค์„ž์ผ ๋•Œ ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ƒ๊ธธ๊นŒ์š”?
04:22
So I started by doing some of these experiments with images.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ์‹คํ—˜์„ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:27
And if you look back to the 1880s,
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋Œ์•„๋ณด๋ฉด, 1880๋…„๋Œ€์— ๋“ค์–ด
04:30
that's when the first photographs started turning into film.
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์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ์˜์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:34
And they were done through studies of animals,
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์ด๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ–ˆ์ฃ .
04:39
the movement of animals.
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04:41
So horses in the United States, birds in France.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ง์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„์„, ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์—์„œ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:44
They were these studies of movement
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๋™๋ฌผ ์›€์ง์ž„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ
04:46
that then slowly, like zoetropes, became film.
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์กฐ์ดํŠธ๋กœํ”„๊ฐ™์€ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ์˜ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:48
So I decided, I will take an animal
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ 
04:51
and I'm going to play with that idea
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์ด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:53
of how the image is not static for us anymore, it's moving.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๋ฉˆ์ถฐ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์›€์ง์ด๋Š”์ง€ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
04:57
It's moving in space.
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์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ์†์—์„œ ์›€์ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:59
And so I chose as my character the cheetah,
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์ €์˜ ์บ๋ฆญํ„ฐ๋กœ ์น˜ํƒ€๋ฅผ ๊ณจ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:03
because she is the fastest land-dwelling creature on earth.
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์น˜ํƒ€๋Š” ์œก์ง€ ๋™๋ฌผ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:07
And she holds that record,
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์น˜ํƒ€๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ก์„ ์„ธ์šฐ๊ณ 
05:08
and I want to use her record
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์ €๋Š” ์น˜ํƒ€์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ก์„
05:10
to actually make it kind of a measuring stick for time.
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์‹ค์ œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:14
And so this is what she looked like in the sculpture
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์ด ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์€ ์น˜ํƒ€๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋šซ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์›€์ง์ผ ๋•Œ
์กฐ๊ฐ์—์„œ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:17
as she moved through space.
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05:19
This kind of broken framing of the image in space,
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๊ณต๊ฐ„ ์†์—์„œ ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ‹€์ด ๊นจ์ง„ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์™”๋Š”๋ฐ,
05:22
because I had put up notepad paper
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ”๋ชจ์žฅ์„ ๊บผ๋‚ด
05:25
and had it actually project on it.
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๊ทธ ์œ„๋กœ ํ™”๋ฉด์„ ๋น„์ถ”์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:27
Then I did this experiment where you have kind of a race,
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:30
with these new tools and video that I could play with.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฃฐ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฅ๋น„์™€ ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋กœ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
05:33
So the falcon moves out in front,
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๋งค๋Š” ์•ž์„œ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ณ 
05:35
the cheetah, she comes in second,
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์น˜ํƒ€๋Š” ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ,
05:37
and the rhino is trying to catch up behind.
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์ฝ”๋ฟ”์†Œ๋Š” ๋’ค์—์„œ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์žก์œผ๋ ค ์ซ“์•„์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:40
Then another one of the experiments,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹คํ—˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ
05:41
I was thinking about how,
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์ €๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์„ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:43
if we try and remember one thing that happened to us
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05:47
when we were, let's say, 10 years old.
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๋Œ€๋žต 10์‚ด ๋•Œ์˜ ๊ธฐ์–ต์ด๋ผ ํ•˜๋ฉด,
05:49
It's very hard to remember even what happened in that year.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ๋ฌด์ฒ™ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:53
And for me, I can think of maybe one, maybe two,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ธฐ์–ต์„ ํ•œ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ ์ •๋„ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
05:55
and that one moment has expanded in my mind
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๊ทธ ํ•œ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ด ๋งˆ์Œ ์†์—์„œ ๋„“๊ฒŒ ํŽผ์ณ์ ธ ๋‹น์‹œ ์ผ ๋…„ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ฑ„์›๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:01
to fill that entire year.
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06:02
So we don't experience time in minutes and seconds.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ถ„์ด๋‚˜ ์ดˆ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:05
So this is a still of the video that I took,
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์ด๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฐ์€ ์˜์ƒ์˜ ์Šคํ‹ธ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:09
printed out on a piece of paper,
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์ข…์ด๋กœ ์ถœ๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ,
06:11
the paper is torn and then the video is projected on top of it.
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๊ทธ ์ข…์ด๊ฐ€ ์ฐข์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์˜์ƒ์ด ์ข…์ด ์œ„๋กœ ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:15
And I wanted to play with this idea
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์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹คํ—˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:17
of how, in this kind of complete immersion of images
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์— ๋ชฐ์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ
06:20
that's enveloped us,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ ์‹ผ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋Š๋‚„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
06:22
how one image can actually grow
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ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ž๋ผ๋‚˜
06:26
and can haunt us.
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๋‡Œ๋ฆฌ์— ๊ณ„์† ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
06:29
So I had all of these --
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
06:30
these are three out of, like, 100 experiments I was trying with images
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์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ 100์—ฌ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
06:34
for over about a decade,
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์•ฝ 10๋…„์ด ๋„˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ, ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
06:35
and never showing them,
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06:37
and I thought, OK, how do I bring this out of the studio, into a public space,
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๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•œ ๋’ค, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์—…์‹ค์—์„œ ์ „์‹œ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๋ฉฐ
06:42
but retain this kind of energy of experimentation
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์‹คํ—˜์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์กดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:45
that you see when you go into a laboratory,
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค์ด๋‚˜ ์ž‘์—…์‹ค์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
06:47
you see when you go into a studio,
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๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:49
and I had this show coming up and I just said,
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๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ค๋Š” ์ „์‹œํšŒ์— ์•ž์„œ
06:51
alright, I'm going to put my desk right in the middle of the room.
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๋‚ด ์ฑ…์ƒ์„ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ๋†“์•„๋ณด์ž๊ณ  ๋‹ค์งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:55
So I brought my desk and I put it in the room,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ ์ฑ…์ƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™€ ์•ˆ์— ๋†“์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
06:57
and it actually worked in this kind of very surprising way to me,
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์ฒ™ ๋†€๋ž„ ์ •๋„๋กœ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:01
in that it was this kind of flickering, because of the video screens, from afar.
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๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ์„œ ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋น›์ด ๊นœ๋นก์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:06
And it had all of the projectors on it,
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๋ชจ๋“  ์˜์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋น„์ถฐ์„œ
07:08
so the projectors were creating the space around it,
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์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
07:11
but you were drawn towards the flickering like a flame.
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๊ด€๊ฐ์€ ๋ถˆ๊ฝƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊นœ๋นก์ด๋Š” ๋น›์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ๋ ค๋“ค์–ด ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:14
And then you were enveloped in the piece
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์— ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ธ์ด๋Š”๋ฐ,
07:16
at the scale that we're all very familiar with,
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์ด๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์ฒ™ ์ต์ˆ™ํ•œ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ๋กœ,
07:18
which is the scale of being in front of a desk or a sink or a table,
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์ฑ…์ƒ์ด๋‚˜ ์‹ฑํฌ๋Œ€ ํ˜น์€ ํƒ์ž ์•ž์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋“ฏํ•œ ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ํฌ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:24
and you are immersed, then, back into this scale,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋ชฐ์ž…ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋น„์œจ๋กœ ๋˜๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋Š”๋ฐ,
07:27
this one-to-one scale of the body in relation to the image.
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์ด๋Š” ๋ชธ๊ณผ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์ด 1๋Œ€ 1 ๋น„์œจ๋กœ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:31
But on this surface,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด ํ‘œ๋ฉด์—
07:33
you had these projections on paper being blown in the wind,
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์ข…์ด์— ํˆฌ์‚ฌ๋œ ์˜์ƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์— ๋‚ ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์„œ,
07:37
so there was this confusion of what was an image
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๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์ด๊ณ  ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์ธ์ง€ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์— ๋น ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:40
and what was an object.
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07:42
So this is what the work looked like when it went into a larger room,
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์ด๋Š” ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ด ๋” ํฐ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด์™”์„ ๋•Œ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:45
and it wasn't until I made this piece
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์ด ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ฉด์„œ
07:47
that I realized that I'd effectively made the interior of a planetarium,
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ํ”Œ๋ผ๋„คํƒ€๋ฅจ์˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„
07:52
without even realizing that.
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๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ์•ผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:54
And I remembered, as a child, loving going to the planetarium.
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์ €๋Š” ์–ด๋ฆด ์  ํ”Œ๋ผ๋„คํƒ€๋ฅจ์— ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์ข‹์•„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:58
And back then, the planetarium,
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๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ, ํ”Œ๋ผ๋„คํƒ€๋ฅจ์—๋Š”
08:00
there was always not only these amazing images on the ceiling,
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์ฒœ์žฅ์— ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
08:04
but you could see the projector itself whizzing and burring,
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์œ™์œ™ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋“ค๋ ธ๊ณ 
08:07
and this amazing camera in the middle of the room.
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๋ฐฉ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ์— ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:11
And it was that, along with seeing the audience around you looking up,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ฐฉ์„ ๋Œ์•„๋ณด๋Š” ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ๊ด€๊ฐ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ด ๋ณด์ด๊ณ 
08:15
because there was an audience in the round at that time,
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๋™์‹œ์— ๊ด€๊ฐ์ด ์ฃผ๋ณ€์„ ์—์›Œ์‹ธ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
08:18
and seeing them, and experiencing, being part of an audience.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๋ฉฐ ๊ด€๊ฐ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:21
So this is an image from the web that I downloaded
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์ด๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์—์„œ ๋‚ด๋ ค๋ฐ›์€ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋กœ
08:24
of people who took images of themselves in the work.
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๊ด€๊ฐ๋“ค์ด ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—์„œ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์ดฌ์˜ํ•œ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:28
And I like this image
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
08:29
because you see how the figures get mixed with the work.
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๊ด€๊ฐ์˜ ํ˜•์ƒ์ด ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๊ณผ ๋’ค์„ž์ด๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์ด ๋ณด์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:32
So you have the shadow of a visitor against the projection,
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์˜์‚ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋น„์น˜๋Š” ๊ด€๊ฐ์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ 
08:36
and you also see the projections across a person's shirt.
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๊ด€๊ฐ์˜ ์…”์ธ ์— ๋น„์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:39
So there were these self-portraits made in the work itself,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์žํ™”์ƒ์ด ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ์ž์ฒด์—์„œ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜๊ณ 
08:43
and then posted,
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์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์— ๊ฒŒ์‹œ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
08:44
and it felt like a kind of cyclical image-making process.
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์ด๋Š” ๋งˆ์น˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ์ƒ์„ฑ ๊ณผ์ •์ด ์ˆœํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋Š๊ปด์ง€๋ฉฐ
08:48
And a kind of an end to that.
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๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ๊ทธ ์™„๊ฒฐ ๊ฐ™๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:49
But it reminded me and brought me back to the planetarium,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ”Œ๋ผ๋„คํƒ€๋ฅจ๊ณผ ๊ทธ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋กœ
๋˜๋Œ์•„๊ฐ„ ๋“ฏํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋Š๊ผˆ๊ณ ,
08:53
and that interior,
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08:54
and I started to go back to painting.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:56
And thinking about how a painting is actually, for me,
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๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ €๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„
09:01
about the interior images that we all have.
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๋งˆ์Œ ์†์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•ด๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:03
There's so many interior images,
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๋งˆ์Œ ์† ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์•„์„œ
09:05
and we've become so focused on what's outside our eyes.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ˆˆ ๋ฐ”๊นฅ์— ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๋ณด์ด๋Š”์ง€ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:09
And how do we store memory in our mind,
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์Œ ์†์— ๊ธฐ์–ต์„ ์ €์žฅํ•˜๊ณ 
09:12
how certain images emerge out of nowhere
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
09:15
or can fall apart over time.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ํ๋ฅด๋ฉฐ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ ธ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”.
09:17
And I started to call this series the "Afterimage" series,
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ์—ฐ์ž‘์„ "์ž”์ƒ"์ด๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:21
which was a reference to this idea that if we all close our eyes right now,
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๋ชจ๋‘ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ˆˆ์„ ๊ฐ์œผ๋ฉด ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋‚จ์•„ ๊นœ๋นก์ด๋Š” ๋น›์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
09:25
you can see there's this flickering light that lingers,
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ˆˆ์„ ๋– ๋„ ๊ทธ ๋น›์ด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ
09:27
and when we open it again, it lingers again --
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๋‚จ์•„์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์—์„œ ๋”ฐ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:30
this is happening all the time.
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์ด ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:31
And an afterimage is something that a photograph can never replace,
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์ž”์ƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์ง„์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ
09:37
you never feel that in a photograph.
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์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์ ˆ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋Š๋‚„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
09:39
So it really reminds you of the limits of the camera's lens.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ž”์ƒ์€ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ ๋ Œ์ฆˆ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:43
So it was this idea of taking the images that were outside of me --
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์ด๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๊นฅ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:46
this is my studio --
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์—ฌ๊ธด ์ œ ์ž‘์—…์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:47
and then trying to figure out how they were being represented inside me.
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์ด ์ž‘์—…์‹ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ €์˜ ๋‚ด๋ฉด์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๋ ค ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:52
So really quickly,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ,
09:53
I'm just going to whiz through how a process might develop
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ณผ์ • ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€
09:57
for the next piece.
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:58
So it might start with a sketch,
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์ด ์ž‘์—…์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์€ ์Šค์ผ€์น˜ ํ˜น์€
10:01
or an image that's burned in my memory
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์ œ ๊ธฐ์–ต ์†์— ๊ฐ•๋ ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚จ์€ 18์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:03
from the 18th century --
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10:04
it's Piranesi's "Colosseum."
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์ด๊ฑด ํ”ผ๋ผ๋„ค์ง€์˜ "์ฝœ๋กœ์„ธ์›€"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:07
Or a model the size of a basketball --
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ํ˜น์€ ๋†๊ตฌ๊ณต ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ, ์ €๋Š” ๋†๊ตฌ๊ณต์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ ์ด ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ณ 
10:10
I built this around a basketball,
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10:11
the scale's evidenced by the red cup behind it.
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๊ทธ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋’ค์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ‰์€ ์ปต์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Š ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:14
And that model can be put into a larger piece as a seed,
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๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ์”จ์•—์œผ๋กœ ๋” ํฐ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
10:18
and that seed can grow into a bigger piece.
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๊ทธ ์”จ์•—์€ ๋” ํฐ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์ž๋ž„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:20
And that piece can fill a very, very large space.
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์ด ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์€ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ํฐ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์ฑ„์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:24
But it can funnel down into a video that's just made from my iPhone,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ์•„์ดํฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ดฌ์˜ํ•œ ๋น„๋””์˜ค ํ•œ ํŽธ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€,
10:29
of a puddle outside my studio in a rainy night.
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๋น„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฐ ๋ฐค, ์ž‘์—…์‹ค ๋ฐ”๊นฅ์˜ ๋ฌผ์›…๋ฉ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:34
So this is an afterimage of the painting made in my memory,
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์ด๋Š” ์ œ ๊ธฐ์–ต์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์˜ ์ž”์ƒ์ด๊ณ 
10:38
and even that painting can fade as memory does.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ๋„ ๊ธฐ์–ต์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์„œ์„œํžˆ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:42
So this is the scale of a very small image
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์ด๊ฑด ์ œ ์Šค์ผ€์น˜๋ถ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜จ
10:45
from my sketchbook.
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๋งค์šฐ ์ž‘์€ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:46
You can see how it can explode
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ด ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๊ฐ€
10:48
to a subway station that spans three blocks.
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3๊ฐœ ๋ธ”๋ก ๋„ˆ๋น„์˜ ์ง€ํ•˜์ฒ ์—ญ์—์„œ ํญ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:52
And you could see how going into the subway station
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๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์ง€ํ•˜์ฒ ์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋ฉฐ
10:54
is like a journey through the pages of a sketchbook,
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์Šค์ผ€์น˜๋ถ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€๋ฅผ ๋„˜๋‚˜๋“ค๋ฉฐ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
10:58
and you can see sort of a diary of work writ across a public space,
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๋งค์ผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•œ ์ž‘์—…์ด ๊ณต๊ณต์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์งˆ๋Ÿฌ ์“ฐ์ธ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
11:04
and you're turning the pages of 20 years of art work
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์ง€ํ•˜์ฒ ์„ ํƒ€๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋ฉฐ 20๋…„์— ๊ฑธ์นœ ์ž‘์—…๋„
11:06
as you move through the subway.
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๋„˜๊ฒจ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:09
But even that sketch actually has a different origin,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์Šค์ผ€์น˜์กฐ์ฐจ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐ์„œ ์œ ๋ž˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:12
it has an origin in a sculpture that climbs a six-story building,
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์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” 6์ธต ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ด์˜ค๋ฅด๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฐ์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
11:18
and is scaled to a cat from the year 2002.
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์ด๋ฅผ 2002๋…„์— ์‚ด์•˜๋˜ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด ๋งŒํ•œ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:22
I remember that because I had two black cats at the time.
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๋‹น์‹œ ๊ฒ€์€ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด ๋‘ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธธ๋ €๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:25
And this is an image of a work from Japan
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์ด๋Š” ์ผ๋ณธ์—์„œ ์ž‘์—…ํ•œ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋กœ
11:28
that you can see the afterimage of in the subway.
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์ง€ํ•˜์ฒ ์—ญ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์ž”์ƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:30
Or a work in Venice,
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๋ฒ ๋‹ˆ์Šค์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋“  ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์—์„œ๋Š”
11:32
where you see the image etched in the wall.
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๋ฒฝ์— ์ƒˆ๊ธด ๊ทธ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:35
Or how a sculpture that I did at SFMOMA in 2001,
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2001๋…„ ์ƒŒํ”„๋ž€์‹œ์Šค์ฝ” ํ˜„๋Œ€๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€์— ์ „์‹œํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฐ์—์„œ๋Š”
11:39
and created this kind of dynamic line,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๋™๊ฐ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ ์„ ์—ฐ์ถœํ–ˆ๊ณ 
11:42
how I stole that to create a dynamic line
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋”ฐ์™€ ์ง€ํ•˜์ฒ ์„ ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€๋ฉฐ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
11:45
as you descend down into the subway itself.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ญ๋™์ ์ธ ์„ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:48
And this merging of mediums is really interesting to me.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋งค์ฒด๋“ค์˜ ์กฐํ•ฉ์€ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:50
So how can you take a line that pulls tension like a sculpture
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์กฐ๊ฐ์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ํŒฝํŒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์„ ์„ ๋”ฐ์™€
11:54
and put it into a print?
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ํ‰๋ฉด์— ๋‹ด์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
11:55
Or then use line like a drawing in a sculpture
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ํ˜น์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์„ ์„ ์กฐ๊ฐ์— ์‘์šฉํ•ด
11:58
to create a dramatic perspective?
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๊ทน์ ์ธ ๊ด€์ ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
12:00
Or how can a painting mimic the process of printmaking?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํŒํ™”๋ฅผ ์ฐ์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ‰๋‚ด๋‚ด์„œ ํšŒํ™”๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
12:05
How can an installation use the camera's lens
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ ๋ Œ์ฆˆ๊ฐ€ ํ’๊ฒฝ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„
12:08
to frame a landscape?
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์„ค์น˜๋ฏธ์ˆ ๋กœ ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
12:10
How can a painting on string become a moment in Denmark,
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‹ค ์œ„์— ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ด๋งˆํฌ ์—ฌํ–‰์˜ ํ•œ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ
12:15
in the middle of a trek?
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๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
12:18
And how, on the High Line, can you create a piece
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ด๋ผ์ธ ๊ณต์›์—์„œ
12:20
that camouflages itself into the nature itself
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์ž์—ฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์œ„์žฅํ•œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด
12:23
and becomes a habitat for the nature around it?
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์ฃผ๋ณ€ ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ์„œ์‹์ง€๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
12:28
And I'll just end with two pieces that I'm making now.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ž‘์—…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‘ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋งˆ์น˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:31
This is a piece called "Fallen Sky"
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์ด๋Š” "๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ํ•˜๋Š˜"์ด๋ž€ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ
12:33
that's going to be a permanent commission in Hudson Valley,
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ํ—ˆ๋“œ์Šจ ๊ณ„๊ณก์— ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์˜๋ขฐ ๋ฐ›์€ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ด๋ฉฐ,
12:37
and it's kind of the planetarium finally come down
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์ด๋Š” ๋งˆ์น˜ ํ”Œ๋ผ๋„คํƒ€๋ฅจ์ด ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด
12:40
and grounding itself in the earth.
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๋•…์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ ค์˜จ ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:42
And this is a work from 2013 that's going to be reinstalled,
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์ด๋Š” 2013๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ž‘์—…ํ•œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜์—ฌ
12:46
have a new life in the reopening of MOMA.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋‰ด์š• ํ˜„๋Œ€๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€์—์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚  ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:50
And it's a piece that the tool itself is the sculpture.
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์ด๋Š” ๋„๊ตฌ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์กฐ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:53
So the pendulum, as it swings,
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์‹œ๊ณ„์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์›€์ง์ด๋ฉฐ
12:56
is used as a tool to create the piece.
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์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ์—ฐ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:59
So each of the piles of objects
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์Œ“์•„ ๋†“์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด
13:02
go right up to one centimeter to the tip of that pendulum.
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์‹œ๊ณ„์ถ” ๋ฐ”๋Š˜์„ ํ–ฅํ•ด ๊ณง์žฅ 1cm ์ด์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:07
So you have this combination of the lull of that beautiful swing,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‹œ๊ณ„์ถ”์˜ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ํ”๋“ค๋ฆผ์ด ์„œ์„œํžˆ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ
13:11
but also the tension that it constantly could destroy the piece itself.
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๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ธด์žฅ์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:16
And so, it doesn't really matter where any of these pieces end up,
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์ด ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ ์ง€๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:19
because the real point for me
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
13:22
is that they end up in your memory over time,
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์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ด ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์†์—์„œ ๊ด€๊ฐ์˜ ๊ธฐ์–ต์— ์ž๋ฆฌ ์žก์•„
13:25
and they generate ideas beyond themselves.
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๊ทธ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:29
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:30
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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