How we can design timeless cities for our collective future | Vishaan Chakrabarti

161,391 views ใƒป 2018-07-16

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: JY Kang ๊ฒ€ํ† : Minju Lee
00:13
Travel with me
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์ €์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜
00:14
to some of the most beautiful spots in cities around the world:
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๋ช…์†Œ๋กœ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ๋– ๋‚˜๋ณด์‹œ์ฃ .
00:19
Rome's Spanish steps;
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๋กœ๋งˆ์˜ ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ๊ด‘์žฅ.
00:21
the historic neighborhoods of Paris and Shanghai;
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ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ ์ง€๊ตฌ.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒํ•˜์ด.
00:28
the rolling landscape of Central Park;
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์„ผํŠธ๋Ÿด ํŒŒํฌ์˜ ์™„๋งŒํ•œ ํ’๊ฒฝ.
00:31
the tight-knit blocks of Tokyo or Fez;
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ํ† ์ฟ„์™€ ํŽ˜์ฆˆ์˜ ์ƒ์  ๋ฐ€์ง‘ ๊ตฌ์—ญ.
00:37
the wildly sloping streets of the favelas of Rio de Janeiro;
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๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ฐ์ž๋„ค์ด๋ฃจ ๋นˆ๋ฏผ๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ.
00:42
the dizzying step wells of Jaipur;
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์ž์ดํ‘ธ๋ฅด์˜ ์•„์ฐ”ํ•œ ๊ณ„๋‹จ ์šฐ๋ฌผ.
00:48
the arched pedestrian bridges of Venice.
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๋ฒ ๋‹ˆ์Šค์˜ ์•„์น˜ํ˜• ๋ณด๋„๊ต.
00:53
Now let's go to some newer cities.
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์ด์ œ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋„์‹œ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ณด์ฃ .
00:56
Six downtowns built across six continents in the 20th century.
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20์„ธ๊ธฐ ๋“ค์–ด 6๊ฐœ ๋Œ€๋ฅ™์„ ๊ฑธ์ณ 6๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฒˆํ™”ํ•œ ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:01
Why do none of these places have any of the charming characteristics
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์™œ ์ด๊ณณ์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๋„์‹œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ํŠน์ง•์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„๊นŒ์š”?
01:06
of our older cities?
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01:09
Or let's go to six suburbs built on six continents in the 20th century.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ 20์„ธ๊ธฐ์— 6๊ฐœ ๋Œ€๋ฅ™์—์„œ ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚œ 6๊ฐœ ๊ต์™ธ ์ง€์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”?
01:16
Why do none of them have any of the lyrical qualities
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์™œ ์ด๋“ค ์ค‘ ์–ด๋Š ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋„ ์„œ์ •์ ์ธ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„๊นŒ์š”?
01:21
that we associate with the places that we cherish the most?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์†Œ์ค‘ํžˆ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์žฅ์†Œ๋“ค ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:27
Now, maybe you think I'm just being nostalgic --
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜›๊ฒƒ์— ํ–ฅ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋Š๊ปด์„œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ค์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
01:30
why does it matter?
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๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
01:31
Who cares if there is this creeping sameness besetting our planet?
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์ด ์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํš์ผํ™”๋œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋กœ ๋’ค๋ฎํ˜€๋„ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ด๋‚˜ ์“ธ๊นŒ์š”?
01:37
Well, it matters because most people around the world
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋„์‹œ ์ง€์—ญ์— ๋งˆ์Œ์ด ๋Œ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
are gravitating to urban areas globally.
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01:46
And how we design those urban areas could well determine
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋„์‹œ ์ง€์—ญ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋””์ž์ธํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ
์ธ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฒˆ์„ฑํ• ์ง€ ๋ง์ง€์˜ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:50
whether we thrive or not as a species.
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01:53
So, we already know that people who live in transit-rich areas,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋กœ
๋Œ€์ค‘๊ตํ†ต์ด ์ž˜ ๊ฐ–์ถฐ์ง„ ์ง€์—ญ์ด๋‚˜ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
02:00
live in apartment buildings,
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02:02
have a far lower carbon footprint
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์‹œ๊ณจ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์— ๋น„ํ•ด์„œ
02:04
than their suburban counterparts.
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ž‘์€ ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฐœ์ž๊ตญ์„ ๊ฐ–์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:07
So maybe one lesson from that is if you love nature,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ตํ›ˆ์€
์ž์—ฐ์„ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์‹œ๊ณจ์—์„œ ์‚ด์ง€ ๋ง๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:10
you shouldn't live in it.
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02:11
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
02:15
But I think the dry statistics
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ตํ†ต ์ค‘์‹ฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋”ฑ๋”ฑํ•œ ํ†ต๊ณ„ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”
02:17
of what's known as transit-oriented development
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02:19
only tells part of the story.
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๋‹จ์ง€ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ƒํ™ฉ๋งŒ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:22
Because cities, if they're going to attract people,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋„์‹œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ์–ด๋“ค์ด๋ ค๋ฉด
02:26
have to be great.
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๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
02:28
They have to be powerful magnets with distinctive appeal
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๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์ž์„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ๋งค๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ
02:32
to bring in all those new green urbanites.
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์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋…น์ƒ‰ ๋„์‹œ์ธ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ์–ด๋‹น๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
02:36
And this is not just an aesthetic issue, mind you.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ฌ๋ฏธ์ ์ธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋งŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:39
This is an issue of international consequence.
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๊ตญ์ œ์  ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์ด์ฃ .
02:43
Because today, every day,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์š”์ฆ˜์—”
๋‚ ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋ฌธ์ž ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ๋งŒ ๋ช…์ด ์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€์˜ ๋„์‹œ๋กœ ๋ชฐ๋ ค๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:46
literally hundreds of thousands of people are moving into a city somewhere,
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02:53
mainly in the Global South.
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์ฃผ๋กœ ์ œ3์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋„์‹œ์ฃ .
02:56
And when you think about that, ask yourself:
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์ด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
02:59
Are they condemned to live in the same bland cities
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ 20์„ธ๊ธฐ์— ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ์ด ํš์ผ์ ๊ณ  ๋ฐ‹๋ฐ‹ํ•œ ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ
03:02
we built in the 20th century,
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์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋Š” ์šด๋ช…์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
03:04
or can we offer them something better?
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์„๊นŒ์š”?
03:07
And to answer that question,
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์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ตํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
03:09
you have to unpack how we got here in the first place.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋จผ์ € ์‚ดํŽด๋ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:13
First: mass production.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:15
Just like consumer goods and chain stores,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์†Œ๋น„์žฌ ์ƒํ’ˆ์ด๋‚˜ ์ฒด์ธ์ ๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
03:19
we mass-produce glass and steel and concrete and asphalt and drywall,
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์œ ๋ฆฌ, ์ฒ ๊ฐ•, ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ, ์•„์ŠคํŒ”ํŠธ, ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ๋ฒฝ์ฒด ๋“ฑ์„ ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:24
and we deploy them in mind-numbingly similar ways across the planet.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋กœ ์ •์‹  ์—†์ด ๋ฟŒ๋ ค๋Œ€์ฃ .
03:31
Second: regulation.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๊ทœ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:33
So, take cars, for instance.
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์ž๋™์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์ฃ .
03:36
Cars travel at very high speeds.
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์ž๋™์ฐจ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์†๋„๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:39
They're susceptible to human error.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‹ค์ˆ˜์— ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•˜์ฃ .
03:41
So when we're asked, as architects, to design a new street,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋„๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์š”์ฒญ๋ฐ›์œผ๋ฉด
03:44
we have to look at drawings like this,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
that tell us how high a curb needs to be,
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๋„๋กœ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์„์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋†’์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
03:48
that pedestrians need to be over here and vehicles over there,
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๋ณดํ–‰์ž๋Š” ์ด๊ณณ์— ๋‘๊ณ , ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋Š” ์ €๊ณณ
03:51
a loading zone here, a drop-off there.
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ํ™”๋ฌผ ๊ตฌ์—ญ์€ ์ด๊ณณ, ๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ๋ฉด์€ ์ €๊ณณ.
03:54
What the car really did in the 20th century
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20์„ธ๊ธฐ์— ๋“ค์–ด ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด
03:57
is it created this carved-up, segregated landscape.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฝ๊ด€์ด ๋‚˜๋‰˜๊ณ , ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ดˆ๋ž˜๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:03
Or take the ladder fire truck -- you know, those big ladder trucks
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์‚ฌ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฐจ๋Š” ๋˜ ์–ด๋–ค๊ฐ€์š”.
์•„์‹œ์ฃ . ํ™”์žฌ์‹œ ์ธ๋ช… ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ์“ฐ์ด๋Š” ๊ธด ์‚ฌ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฐ ํŠธ๋Ÿญ์ด์š”.
04:06
that are used to rescue people from burning buildings?
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04:11
Those have such a wide turning radius,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ฐจ๋“ค์€ ํšŒ์ „ ๋ฐ˜๊ฒฝ์ด ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
04:14
that we have to deploy an enormous amount of pavement, of asphalt,
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์–‘์˜ ๋„๋กœ ํฌ์žฅ๊ณผ ์•„์ŠคํŒ”ํŠธ๋ฅผ ํˆฌ์ž…ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ
04:18
to accommodate them.
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๊ทธ ์ฐจ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:22
Or take the critically important wheelchair.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์•„์ฃผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํœ ์ฒด์–ด๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์ฃ .
04:25
A wheelchair necessitates a landscape of minimal slopes
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ํœ ์ฒด์–ด๋Š” ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์ง€ํ˜•์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:30
and redundant vertical circulation.
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์ˆ˜์ง์˜ ๋™์„ ์ด ๋ถˆํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ฃ .
04:31
So wherever there's a stair, there has to be an elevator or a ramp.
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๊ณ„๋‹จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์—๋Š” ์Šน๊ฐ•๊ธฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:36
Now, don't get me wrong, please -- I am all for pedestrian safety,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ์˜คํ•ดํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
์ €๋„ ๋ณดํ–‰์ž์˜ ์•ˆ์ „๊ณผ ์†Œ๋ฐฉ ์—…๋ฌด์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์—๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:40
firefighting
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04:42
and certainly, wheelchair access.
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ํœ ์ฒด์–ด์˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ๋„ ๋ฌผ๋ก ์ด๊ณ ์š”.
04:43
Both of my parents were in wheelchairs at the end of their lives,
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์ œ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜๋„ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์‹œ๊ธฐ ์ „์— ํœ ์ฒด์–ด ์ƒํ™œ์„ ํ•˜์…จ์–ด์š”.
04:46
so I understand very much that struggle.
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์ €๋„ ๊ทธ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:49
But we also have to acknowledge that all of these well-intentioned rules,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„ ์˜์— ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์„ ๋‘๋Š” ๊ทœ์น™์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:54
they had the tremendous unintended consequence
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜๋„์น˜ ์•Š์€ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
04:57
of making illegal the ways in which we used to build cities.
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๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ๊ฑด์„คํ•จ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์„ ์ €์ง€๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:05
Similarly illegal: at the end of the 19th century,
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๋ถˆ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„œ
์—˜๋ฆฌ๋ฒ ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๋ช…๋œ ์งํ›„์ธ 19์„ธ๊ธฐ ๋ง ๋ฌด๋ ต์—
05:08
right after the elevator was invented,
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05:10
we built these charming urban buildings,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๋„์‹œ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ์ง€์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:13
these lovely buildings, all over the world,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์ด ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์„ธ์›Œ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:15
from Italy to India.
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์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์—์„œ ์ธ๋„์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€์š”.
05:17
And they had maybe 10 or 12 apartments in them.
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๊ทธ์ค‘์—๋Š” 10๊ณณ์—์„œ 12๊ณณ์˜ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
05:20
They had one small elevator and a staircase that wrapped them
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์—๋Š” ์—˜๋ฆฌ๋ฒ ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๊ณ„๋‹จ์ด ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ธ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:24
and a light well.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฑ„๊ด‘ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
05:25
And not only were they charming buildings that were cost-effective,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์€ ๋ฉ‹์งˆ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋น„์šฉ๋ฉด์—์„œ๋„ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:29
they were communal --
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๊ณต๋™์ฒด์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ผ์„œ
05:31
you ran into your neighbor on that stairwell.
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๊ณ„๋‹จ์—์„œ ์ด์›ƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋‚  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:35
Well, you can't build this, either.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑด ์ด์ œ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:37
By contrast, today, when we have to build a major new apartment building somewhere,
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์ด์— ๋ฐ˜ํ•ด ์ง€๊ธˆ์€, ์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€์— ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ง€์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋•Œ
05:41
we have to build lots and lots of elevators
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์—˜๋ฆฌ๋ฒ ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์ด ๋‘ฌ์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ 
05:43
and lots of fire stairs,
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๋น„์ƒ ๊ณ„๋‹จ๋„ ๋งŽ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:45
and we have to connect them with these long, anonymous, dreary corridors.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ธธ๊ณ , ํŠน์ƒ‰ ์—†๊ณ , ์‚ญ๋ง‰ํ•œ ๋ณต๋„์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
05:52
Now, developers -- when they're confronted with the cost
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์—…์ž๋“ค์€
์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ณต๊ณต ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์˜ ๋น„์šฉ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ์ง๋ฉดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:55
of all of that common infrastructure,
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05:58
they have to spread that cost over more apartments,
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๊ฑด์„ค ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๋ถ„๋ฐฐํ•ด์„œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ณดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
06:01
so they want to build bigger buildings.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋” ํฐ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ์ง€์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
What that results in is the thud,
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:08
the dull thud of the same apartment building being built
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๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋ฃจ๋Š” ์น™์น™ํ•œ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด
06:13
in every city across the world.
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋„์‹œ์— ํผ์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:17
And this is not only creating physical sameness,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํš์ผ์„ฑ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
06:20
it's creating social sameness,
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์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํš์ผํ™”๋„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:22
because these buildings are more expensive to build,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ ๊ฑด์„ค๋น„๋„ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ค๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
06:25
and it helped to create an affordability crisis
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„์‹œ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋น„์˜ ๋Œ€ํ˜ผ๋ž€์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:28
in cities all over the world, including places like Vancouver.
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์ด๊ณณ ๋ฐด์ฟ ๋ฒ„๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ฃ .
06:33
Now, I said there was a third reason for all this sameness,
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๋„์‹œํ™”์˜ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์ด ํš์ผ์„ฑ์— ์ž‘์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:36
and that's really a psychological one.
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์ •๋ง ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
06:39
It's a fear of difference,
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์ฐจ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:40
and architects hear this all the time from their clients:
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๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์˜๋ขฐ์ธ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋Š˜ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์„ ๋“ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:43
"If I try that new idea, will I be sued?
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"๊ทธ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด, ๊ณ ์†Œ๋‹นํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
06:48
Will I be mocked?
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ์š”?
06:50
Better safe than sorry."
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๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š๋‹ˆ, ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์•„์š”."
06:53
And all of these things have conspired together
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ํ•œ๋ฐ ๋ญ‰์ณ์„œ
06:56
to blanket our planet with a homogeneity that I think is deeply problematic.
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์ •๋ง ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ํš์ผ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฎ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ์ฃ .
07:03
So how can we do the opposite?
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์ด๊ฑธ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
07:05
How can we go back to building cities
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ๋„์‹œ ๊ฑด์„ค์„ ๋˜๋Œ๋ ค
07:07
that are physically and culturally varied again?
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๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ , ๋ฌธํ™”์  ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„ ๋˜์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
07:11
How can we build cities of difference?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ์Šต์˜ ๋„์‹œ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
07:14
I would argue that we should start
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ถœ๋ฐœ์ ์€
07:17
by injecting into the global the local.
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์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์— ์ง€์—ญ์ƒ‰์„ ๋‹ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:20
This is already happening with food, for instance.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์ž๋ฉด, ์ด๋ฏธ ์Œ์‹์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์›€์ง์ž„์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
07:24
You just look at the way in which craft beer has taken on corporate beer.
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์ˆ˜์ œ ๋งฅ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์—…์ œ์กฐ ๋งฅ์ฃผ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋„๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:30
Or, how many of you still eat Wonder Bread?
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์š”์ฆ˜๋„ ์›๋” ๋ธŒ๋ ˆ๋“œ ์‹๋นต์„ ๋“œ์‹œ๋Š” ๋ถ„ ๊ณ„์‹ ๊ฐ€์š”?
07:35
I'd bet most of you don't.
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์•„๋งˆ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:37
And I bet you don't because you don't want processed food
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์•ˆ ๋“œ์‹œ๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ ๊ฐ€๊ณต ์‹ํ’ˆ์ด ์‹ซ์–ด์„œ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
07:39
in your life.
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07:41
So if you don't want processed food,
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๊ฐ€๊ณต ์‹ํ’ˆ์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์‹ซ์–ดํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„
07:43
why would you want processed cities?
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๊ฐ€๊ณต๋œ ๋„์‹œ๋Š” ์™œ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ ?
07:45
Why would you want these mass-produced, bleached places
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์™œ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ๋ชจ์Šต์˜ ๋น›๋ฐ”๋žœ ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ 
07:48
where all of us have to live and work every day?
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๋งค์ผ ๊ทธ ์†์—์„œ ์ƒํ™œํ•˜๊ณ  ์ผํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
07:53
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
07:58
So, technology was a big part of the problem in the 20th century.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ 20์„ธ๊ธฐ์— ๋“ค์–ด ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:03
When we invented the automobile, what happened is,
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์ž๋™์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ฐœ๋ช…๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋–„
08:06
the world all bent towards the invention.
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๊ทธ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ’ˆ์— ๋งž์ถฐ์„œ ์˜จ ์„ธ์ƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:09
And we recreated our landscape around it.
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์ฃผ๋ณ€ ์ง€ํ˜•๋„ ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์žฌ์ฐฝ์กฐ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
08:12
In the 21st century,
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21์„ธ๊ธฐ์— ๋“ค์–ด์„œ๋Š”
08:14
technology can be part of the solution --
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ๋‚ด๋†“์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:17
if it bends to the needs of the world.
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์„ธ์ƒ์ด ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
08:21
So what do I mean by that?
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์ด ๋ง์ด ๋ฌด์Šจ ์˜๋ฏธ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
08:23
Take the autonomous vehicle.
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์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์ฃ .
08:24
I don't think the autonomous vehicle is exciting because it's a driverless car.
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์ €๋Š” ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์šด์ „์ž๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์„œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์š”.
08:28
That, to me, only implies
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ธฐ์—๋Š”
08:29
that there's even more congestion on the roads, frankly.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋„๋กœ๊ฐ€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ํ˜ผ์žกํ•ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:34
I think what's exciting about the autonomous vehicle is the promise --
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์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ์ง„์งœ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์•ฝ์†์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์š”.
08:37
and I want to stress the word "promise,"
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์ œ๊ฐ€ "์•ฝ์†"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋Š”
08:39
given the recent accident in Arizona --
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์ตœ๊ทผ ์• ๋ฆฌ์กฐ๋‚˜์—์„œ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ํƒ“๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:42
the promise that we could have these small, urban vehicles
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๊ทธ ์•ฝ์†์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ, ์ด ์ž‘์€ ๋„์‹œ ๊ตํ†ต์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ
08:45
that could safely comingle with pedestrians and bicycles.
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๋ณดํ–‰์ž์™€ ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์„ ๋„๋ชจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:50
That would enable us to design humane streets again,
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์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:54
streets without curbs,
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๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์„์ด ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ณ 
08:56
maybe streets like the wooden walkways on Fire Island.
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ํŒŒ์ด์–ด ์•„์ผ๋žœ๋“œ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๋ชฉ์žฌ ์‚ฐ์ฑ…๋กœ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:01
Or maybe we could design streets with the cobblestone of the 21st century,
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ž๊ฐˆ๋กœ ๋œ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ 21์„ธ๊ธฐ์—๋„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
09:06
something that captures kinetic energy, melts snow,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ธธ์€ ๋ณดํ–‰์ž์˜ ์šด๋™์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•ด์„œ ๋ˆˆ์„ ๋…น์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ 
09:09
helps you with your fitness when you walk.
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๊ฑธ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์—๋„ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:13
Or remember those big ladder fire trucks?
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์•„๊นŒ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ ์‚ฌ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฐจ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹œ์ฃ ?
09:16
What if we could replace them and all the asphalt that comes with them
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์•„์ŠคํŒ”ํŠธ ๋Œ€์‹ ์—
09:20
with drones and robots that could rescue people from burning buildings?
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๋“œ๋ก ์™€ ๋กœ๋ด‡์œผ๋กœ ํ™”์žฌ ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
09:24
And if you think that's outlandish, you'd be amazed to know
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๋ง๋„ ์•ˆ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
09:27
how much of that technology is already being used today
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐํ™œ๋™์— ์ด๋ฏธ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์“ฐ์ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๋ฉด ๋†€๋ผ์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:30
in rescue activity.
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09:33
But now I'd like you to really imagine with me.
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์ด๊ฑธ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
09:36
Imagine if we could design the hovercraft wheelchair.
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๋ถ€์ƒ์‹ ํœ ์ฒด์–ด๋ฅผ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
09:42
Right?
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๊ดœ์ฐฎ๊ฒ ์ฃ ?
09:43
An invention that would not only allow equal access,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑธ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ‰๋“ฑํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
09:47
but would enable us to build the Italian hill town of the 21st century.
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์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์˜ ์–ธ๋• ๋งˆ์„์„ 21์„ธ๊ธฐ์—๋„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:54
I think you'd be amazed to know
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๋†€๋ž„๋งŒํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€
09:56
that just a few of these inventions, responsive to human need,
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ•„์š”์— ์˜ํ•ด ํƒ„์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ’ˆ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„
10:01
would completely transform the way we could build our cities.
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๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ์ „ํ˜€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ์Šต์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:06
Now, I bet you're also thinking:
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๋‹ค๋“ค ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
10:08
"We don't have kinetic cobblestones or flying wheelchairs yet,
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"์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ์ž๊ฐˆ๊ธธ์ด๋‚˜ ๋– ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ํœ ์ฒด์–ด๋Š” ์•„์ง ์—†์ž–์•„.
10:12
so what can we do about this problem with today's technology?"
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ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ง€?"
10:15
And my inspiration for that question comes from a very different city,
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „ํ˜€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ ์˜๊ฐ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:20
the city of Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ชฝ๊ณจ์˜ ์šธ๋ž€๋ฐ”ํ† ๋ฅด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:23
I have clients there
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๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์˜๋ขฐ์ธ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
10:24
who have asked us to design a 21st-century open-air village
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21์„ธ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋…ธ์ฒœ ๋งˆ์„์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•ด๋‹ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์š”์ฒญ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์ฃ .
10:28
that's sustainably heated using today's technology,
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งˆ์„์„
10:33
in the heart of their downtown.
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์‹œ๋‚ด ์ค‘์‹ฌ๊ฐ€์— ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
10:35
And that's to cope with their frigid winters.
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๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ํ˜นํ•œ์— ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
10:38
And the project is both poetry and prose.
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๊ทธ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋Š” ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์‹œ์™€ ์‚ฐ๋ฌธ๊ณผ๋„ ๊ฐ™์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:42
The poetry is really about evoking the local:
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์‹œ์ ์ธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์ง€์—ญ ํŠน์ƒ‰์„ ๋ถ€๊ฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
10:46
the mountainous terrain,
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์‚ฐ์•… ์ง€ํ˜•์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
10:47
using colors to pick up the spectacular light,
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ํ™”๋ คํ•œ ์กฐ๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ‰์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋„๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ 
10:51
understanding how to interpret the nomadic traditions
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๋ชฝ๊ณจ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ 
์œ ๋ชฉ ์ƒํ™œ์˜ ์ „ํ†ต์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:55
that animate the nation of Mongolia.
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10:59
The prose has been the development of a catalogue of buildings,
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์‚ฐ๋ฌธ์ ์ธ ๋ฉด์€ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:03
of small buildings that are fairly affordable,
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๋น„์šฉ์ด ์ ๊ฒŒ ๋“œ๋Š” ์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ 
11:06
using local construction materials and technology
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๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๊ฑด์„ค ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์™€ ๊ฑด์„ค ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋˜
11:09
that can still provide new forms of housing,
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ฃผํƒ์„ ์ง€์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
11:12
new workspace,
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์—…๋ฌด์šฉ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ๊ณผ
11:13
new shops
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ƒ์  ๊ฑด๋ฌผ
11:14
and cultural buildings, like a theater or a museum --
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๊ทน์žฅ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธํ™” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ๋„ ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:17
even a haunted house.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์œ ๋ น์˜ ์ง‘๋„ ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
11:21
While working on this in our office,
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์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์—์„œ ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
11:22
we've realized that we're building upon the work of our colleagues,
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๋™๋ฃŒ ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:26
including architect Tatiana Bilbao, working in Mexico City;
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๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”์‹œํ‹ฐ์˜ ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€ ํƒ€ํ‹ฐ์•„๋‚˜ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•ด์„œ
11:32
Pritzker laureate Alejandro Aravena, working in Chile;
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ํ”„๋ฆฟ์ธ ์ปค์ƒ์„ ์ˆ˜์ƒํ•œ ์น ๋ ˆ์˜ ์•Œ๋ ˆํ•œ๋“œ๋กœ ์•„๋ผ๋ฒ ๋‚˜
11:36
and recent Pritzker winner Balkrishna Doshi, working in India.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ตœ๊ทผ ํ”„๋ฆฟ์ธ ์ปค์ƒ์„ ์ˆ˜์ƒํ•œ ์ธ๋„์˜ ๋ฐœํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šˆ๋‚˜ ๋„์‹œ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ด๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
11:40
And all of them are building spectacular new forms of affordable housing,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ž‘์—…ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์ฃผํƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:45
but they're also building cities of difference,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ˜€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:47
because they're building cities that respond to local communities,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ง€์—ญ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ณ 
11:51
local climates
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์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๊ธฐํ›„ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ
11:53
and local construction methods.
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์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๊ฑด์„ค ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:57
We're doubling down on that idea, we're researching a new model
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œ์ผœ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
12:01
for our growing cities with gentrification pressures,
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๊ณ ๊ธ‰ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•ด์„œ
12:05
that could build upon that late-19th-century model
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์ค‘์•™๋ถ€์— ์„ค๋น„ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋‘๋Š” 19์„ธ๊ธฐ ํ›„๋ฐ˜์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ
12:07
with that center core,
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:09
but a prototype that could shape-shift in response to local needs
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์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์›ํ˜•์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”๊ฐ€๋ฉฐ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๊ณ 
12:15
and local building materials.
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์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๊ฑด์„ค ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ–ˆ์ฃ .
12:18
All of these ideas, to me, are nostalgia-free.
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์ด๋“ค ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ํ–ฅ์ˆ˜๋ณ‘์„ ๋Š๋‚„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:23
They all tell me
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
12:25
that we can build cities that can grow,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ๊ฑด์„คํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
12:28
but grow in a way that reflects the diverse residents
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๊ทธ ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์„ฑ์žฅ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ 
12:31
that live in those cities;
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12:33
grow in a way that can accommodate all income groups,
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๋ชจ๋“  ์†Œ๋“๊ณ„์ธต์„ ์•„์šฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด์„œ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ 
12:38
all colors, creeds, genders.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ธ์ข…, ์ข…๊ต, ์„ฑ๋ณ„์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
12:42
We could build such spectacular cities that we could disincentivize sprawl
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
12:47
and actually protect nature.
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์ž์—ฐ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:51
We can grow cities that are high-tech,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฒจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ์„ฑ์žฅ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
12:53
but also respond to the timeless cultural needs of the human spirit.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์˜ํ˜ผ์ด ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌด๊ถ๋ฌด์ง„ํ•œ ๋ฌธํ™”์  ์š”๊ตฌ์—๋„ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:59
I'm convinced that we can build cities of difference
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์ €๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ์Šต์˜ ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ๊ฑด์„คํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:03
that help to create the global mosaic to which so many of us aspire.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๋„์‹œ ๋ชจ์ž์ดํฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:07
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:08
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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