Liz Diller: Architecture is a special effects machine

31,303 views ใƒป 2008-10-10

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Bhujon Kang ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jaeyoon Gimm
00:16
Aside from keeping the rain out and producing some usable space,
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๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ƒˆ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ ๋Š”,
00:23
architecture is nothing but a special-effects machine
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๊ฑด์ถ•์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฒ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถˆ์พŒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”
00:27
that delights and disturbs the senses.
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ํŠน์ˆ˜ ํšจ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์— ์ง€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
Our work is across media. The work comes in all shapes and sizes.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋งค์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €ํฌ ์ž‘์—…์€ ๋ชจ์–‘๋„ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋„ ๊ฐ์–‘๊ฐ์ƒ‰์ด์ฃ .
00:35
It's small and large. This is an ashtray, a water glass.
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์ž‘์€ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ํฐ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์žฌ๋–จ์ด์ด์ž, ์œ ๋ฆฌ์ž”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
From urban planning and master planning
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๋„์‹œ๊ณ„ํš์ด๋‚˜ ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐํ”Œ๋ž˜๋‹์—์„œ
00:42
to theater and all sorts of stuff.
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์—ฐ๊ทน๊ณต์—ฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๊นŒ์ง€ ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์—†์ฃ .
00:46
The thing that all the work has in common
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์ €ํฌ ์ž‘์—…์— ์žˆ์–ด ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
00:48
is that it challenges the assumptions about conventions of space.
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๊ธฐ์กด์— ํ•ด์˜ค๋˜ ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๊พธ๋ ค๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์ง€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋„์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:53
And these are everyday conventions,
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๋‚ ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์ง„ ๊ด€์Šต๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ
00:55
conventions that are so obvious that we are blinded by their familiarity.
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ˆˆ์ด ๋ฉ€๊ณ  ๋ง๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
01:00
And I've assembled a sampling of work
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์ €๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ํŠน์ˆ˜ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด์šฉ๋œ
01:04
that all share a kind of productive nihilism
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๊ฝค๋‚˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ ์ธ ๋‹ˆํž๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ
01:08
that's used in the service of creating a particular special effect.
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ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ช‡๊ฐœ ๋ชจ์•„ ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
And that is something like nothing, or something next to nothing.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹Œ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‚˜ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:18
It's done through a form of subtraction or obstruction or interference
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋นผ์–ด ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฑฐ์Šค๋ฅด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ง‰์•„๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ž‘์—…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:23
in a world that we naturally sleepwalk through.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๊ฑท๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ง€๋‚˜์ณ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:27
This is an image that won us a competition
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ์ด ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋กœ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” 2002 ์Šค์œ„์Šค ์—‘์Šคํฌ
01:30
for an exhibition pavilion for the Swiss Expo 2002
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์ „์‹œ ํŒŒ๋นŒ๋ฆฌ์˜จ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์— ๋‹น์„ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
on Lake Neuchatel, near Geneva.
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์ œ๋„ค๋ฐ” ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์˜ Neuchatalํ˜ธ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
And we wanted to use the water not only as a context,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์„ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
01:39
but as a primary building material.
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๊ฑด์ถ•์˜ ์ฃผ๋œ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋กœ์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:41
We wanted to make an architecture of atmosphere.
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์ฃผ๋ณ€ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๊ฑด์ถ•์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:44
So, no walls, no roof, no purpose --
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๋ฒฝ๋„, ์ง€๋ถ•๋„, ๋ชฉ์ ๋„ ์—†๋Š”,
01:47
just a mass of atomized water, a big cloud.
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๋งˆ์น˜ ๋ถ„์žํ™”๋œ ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ๋กœ, ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:50
And this proposal was a reaction to the over-saturation
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์ด ์•ˆ์€ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ ์—‘์Šคํฌ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ
01:53
of emergent technologies in recent national and world expositions,
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์ตœ์‹ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๊ณผํฌํ™”์ƒํƒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:58
which feeds, or has been feeding, our insatiable appetite
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋”์šฑ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๊ธฐ๊ต๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ์ž๊ทน์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
02:03
for visual stimulation with an ever greater digital virtuosity.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋์—†๋Š” ์š”๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ์กฑ์‹œ์ผœ์˜ค๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
02:09
High definition, in our opinion, has become the new orthodoxy.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”, High Definition(HD)์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ •์„ค์ด ๋˜์–ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:14
And we ask the question, can we use technology, high technology,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋˜์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„, ์ตœ์‹ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ
02:18
to make an expo pavilion that's decidedly low definition,
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๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์™ธ๋ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€๋…์— ๋„์ „ํ•˜๋Š”
02:24
that also challenges the conventions of space and skin,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹œ๊ฐ์ ์ธ ๋ฉด์— ์˜์กดํ•˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋˜๋Œ์•„ ๋ณด๋Š”
02:27
and rethinks our dependence on vision?
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์˜๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ €ํ•ด์ƒ๋„ (low definition)์ธ ์—‘์Šคํฌ ์ „์‹œ๊ด€์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
02:29
So this is how we sought to do it.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฅผ ์‹คํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ฐพ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:32
Water's pumped from the lake and is filtered
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ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ฌผ์„ ํผ ์˜ฌ๋ ค ์—ฌ๊ณผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ
02:34
and shot as a fine mist through an array of high-pressure fog nozzles,
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3๋งŒ 5์ฒœ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ •๋ ฌ๋œ ๊ณ ์•• ๋…ธ์ฆ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฏธ์„ธํ•œ ์•ˆ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋ฟœ์–ด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:39
35,000 of them. And a weather station is on the structure.
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๊ฑด๋ฌผ์— ์žฅ์ฐฉ๋œ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๊ฐ์ง€ ์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€
02:43
It reads the shifting conditions of temperature, humidity,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธฐ์˜จ, ์Šต๋„, ํ’ํ–ฅ, ํ’์†, ๊ฒฐ๋กœ์ ๋“ฑ์˜
02:46
wind direction, wind speed, dew point,
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๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ฝ์–ด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:49
and it processes this data in a central computer
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์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์•™์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์—์„œ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ
02:52
that calibrates the degree of water pressure
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์ˆ˜์••๊ณผ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋ณ„ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„
02:55
and distribution of water throughout.
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์กฐ์ ˆ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
And it's a responsive system that's trained on actual weather.
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์‹ค์ œ ๋‚ ์”จ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ณ ์•ˆ๋œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด์ฃ .
03:02
So, this is just in construction, and there's a tensegrity structure.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฑด์„ค์ค‘์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์œผ๋กœ, ํ…์„ธ๊ทธ๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:06
It's about 300 feet wide, the size of a football field,
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๋„ˆ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์•ฝ 300ํ”ผํŠธ๋กœ ๋ฏธ์‹์ถ•๊ตฌ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์žฅ ์‚ฌ์ด์ฆˆ ์ •๋„ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
and it sits on just four very delicate columns.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ€๋…€๋ฆฐ 4๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์„œ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:13
These are the fog nozzles, the interface,
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค์ธ ์•ˆ๊ฐœ ๋…ธ์ฆ๋กœ,
03:16
and basically the system is kind of reading the real weather,
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๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด ์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ์‹ค์ œ ๊ธฐํ›„๋ฅผ ์ฝ๊ณ 
03:20
and producing kind of semi-artificial and real weather.
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๋ฐ˜์ธ๊ณต์ธ ์‹ค์ œ ๋‚ ์”จํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:24
So, we're very interested in creating weather. I don't know why.
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๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‚ ์”จ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ํฅ๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ ์ธ์ง€๋Š” ์ €๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ผ์š”.
03:28
Now, here we go, one side, the outside
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์ž ๋ฐ”๊นฅ์ชฝ์—์„œ ๋ณธ ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:31
and then from the inside of the space
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒŒ ์•ˆ์ชฝ์ด์ฃ .
03:33
you can see what the quality of the space was.
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๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ์–ด๋–ค ๋Š๋‚Œ์ด์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์ด์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
Unlike entering any normal space,
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์—ฌ๋Š ์ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ
03:38
entering Blur is like stepping into a habitable medium.
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๋ธ”๋Ÿฌ ๋นŒ๋”ฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋งค์ฒด์†์— ๋ฐœ์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋†“๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
It's formless, featureless, depthless, scaleless, massless,
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ํ˜•ํƒœ, ํŠน์ง•๋„, ๊นŠ์ด, ์Šค์ผ€์ผ, ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์„ฑ๋„
03:47
purposeless and dimensionless.
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์ •์ฒ˜๋„ ์—†๊ณ  ํฌ๊ธฐ๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:49
All references are erased,
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์–ด๋”˜์ง€๋„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ณ 
03:52
leaving only an optical whiteout and white noise of the pulsing nozzles.
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์˜ค์ง ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ๋ฐฑ์ง€์ƒํƒœ์™€ ๋…ธ์ฆ์—์„œ ๋ฟœ์–ด์ ธ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๋ฐฑ์ƒ‰์Œ(white noise)๋งŒ ์žˆ์„ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:58
So, this is an exhibition pavilion
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๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด (์•„์ด๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„), ์•ˆ์—, ๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†๋Š”
04:01
where there is absolutely nothing to see and nothing to do.
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์ „์‹œ๊ด€์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:05
And we pride ourselves -- it's a spectacular anti-spectacle
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž๋ž‘ ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์›Œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์žฅ๊ด€(ๅฃฏ่ง€;spectacle)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€๋…์„ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜
04:11
in which all the conventions of spectacle are turned on their head.
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์ŠคํŽ™ํ„ฐํดํ•œ ์•ˆํ‹ฐ์ŠคํŽ™ํ„ฐํด์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ƒˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
04:15
So, the audience is dispersed,
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๊ด€๋žŒ๊ฐ๋“ค์€ ๋ฟ”๋ฟ”์ด ํฉ์–ด์ง€๊ณ 
04:17
focused attention and dramatic build-up and climax
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์ง‘์ค‘๋ ฅ๊ณผ, ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์–ด์ง„ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ๊ณผ ํด๋ผ์ด๋ง‰์Šค๋Š”
04:20
are all replaced by a kind of attenuated attention
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๋ชจ๋‘ ํ๋ฆฌ๋ฉํ……ํ•œ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:23
that's sustained by a sense of apprehension caused by the fog.
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์•ˆ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ถˆ์•ˆ๊ฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
04:27
And this is very much like how the Victorian novel used fog in this way.
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๋น…ํ† ๋ฆฌ์•„ํ’ ์†Œ์„ค์—๋„ ์•ˆ๊ฐœ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ด์šฉ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
04:33
So here the world is put out of focus,
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์„ธ๊ณ„๋Š” ํ๋ฆฌ๋ฉํ……ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ 
04:36
while our visual dependence is put into focus.
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์‹œ๊ฐ์—์˜ ์˜์กด์€ ๋” ๊ฐ•๋ ฌํ•ด ์ง€์ฃ .
04:40
The public, you know, once disoriented
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€, ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์„œ ๊ธธ์„ ์žƒ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ฐ€
04:43
can actually ascend to the angel deck above
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์—”์ ค๋ฐํฌ(angel deck)๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
04:47
and then just come down under those lips into the water bar.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ๋Š”, ์ €๊ธฐ ์ž…์ˆ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์„œ ์›Œํ„ฐ ๋ฐ”(Water Bar)๋กœ ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:50
So, all the waters of the world are served there,
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์›Œํ„ฐ ๋ฐ”์—์„œ๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ๋ณ„์˜๋ณ„ ๋ฌผ์„ ๋‹ค ํŒ๋งคํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:52
so we thought that, you know, after being at the water
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ, ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€์— ๊ฐ”๋‹ค๊ฐ€
04:56
and moving through the water and breathing the water,
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๋ฌผ ์‚ฌ์ด๋กœ ์ง€๋‚˜๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๊ฐ€, ๋ฌผ๋กœ ์ˆจ์„ ์‰ฌ๊ณ ๋‚˜์„œ
04:59
you could also drink this building.
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์ด ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ์ž์ฒด๋ฅผ (๋ฌผ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ) ๋งˆ์…”๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
05:02
And so it is sort of a theme,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ํ…Œ๋งˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ,
05:06
but it goes a little bit, you know, deeper than that.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๊นŠ์€ ๋œป์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:09
We really wanted to bring out
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๋„์ง‘์–ด ๋‚ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋žฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:11
our absolute dependence on this master sense,
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์‹œ๊ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์˜์กด์„ฑ์„ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:15
and maybe share our kind of sensibility with our other senses.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ๊ฐ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:19
You know, when we did this project it was a kind of tough sell,
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์™€์„œ ๋ง์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์ฒ˜์Œ ์ด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ œ์•ˆํ–ˆ์„๋•Œ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋„˜์–ด์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:23
because the Swiss said, "Well, why are we going to spend, you know,
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์Šค์œ„์Šค ์ธก์ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ . "์Œ, ์™œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋“ค์—ฌ์„œ
05:25
10 million dollars producing an effect
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์ด๋ฏธ ํ”ํ•˜๋”” ํ”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ์‹ซ์–ดํ•˜๋Š”
05:29
that we already have in natural abundance that we hate?"
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ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ ?"
05:31
And, you know, we thought -- well, we tried to convince them.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ค๋“ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ–ˆ์ฃ .
05:36
And in the end, you know, they adapted this as a national icon
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์—” ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜์‹ฌ๋งŽ์€ ์Šค์œ„์Šค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์ƒ์ง•ํ•˜๋Š”
05:42
that came to represent Swiss doubt, which we -- you know,
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€์  ์ƒ์ง•๋ฌผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ›์•„ ๋“ค์˜€์ฃ .
05:47
it was kind of a meaning machine
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
05:49
that everybody kind of laid on their own meanings off of.
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์ผ์ข…์˜ '์˜๋ฏธ๊ธฐ๊ณ„'๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:51
Anyway, it's a temporary structure that was ultimately destroyed,
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์–ด์จŒ๋“  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ํ•ด์ฒด๋˜๋Š” ์ž„์‹œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์ด๊ณ ,
05:54
and so it's now a memory of an apparition, actually,
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ™˜์˜์˜ ๊ธฐ์–ต์ด ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ,
05:58
but it continues to live in edible form.
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋จน์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์‚ด์•„ ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:01
And this is the highest honor
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์Šค์œ„์Šค์—์„œ ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€์—ฌ๋˜๋Š”
06:03
to be bestowed upon an architect in Switzerland -- to have a chocolate bar.
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์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์˜์˜ˆ๋Š”. ์ดˆ์ฝœ๋ฆฟ๋ฐ”์— ์ƒˆ๊ฒจ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
06:08
Anyway, moving along.
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์–ด์จŒ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:10
So in the '80s and '90s, we were mostly known for independent work,
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80๋…„๋Œ€์™€ 90๋…„๋Œ€์—๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•œ ์ž‘์—…๋“ค๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:15
such as installation artist, architect,
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๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€์ด๋‚˜ ๋น„์˜๋ฆฌ ๋‹จ์ฒด์—์„œ ์˜๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ณ 
06:19
commissioned projects by museums and non-for-profit organizations.
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์ž‘์—…์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ค์น˜ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ฐ€๋‚˜ ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€๋“ค ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:24
And we did a lot of media work,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ๊ด€๋ จ ์ž‘์—…์„ ๋งŽ์ด ํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
06:27
also a lot of experimental theater projects.
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์‹คํ—˜์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ทน ๊ด€๋ จ ์ž‘์—…๋„ ๋งŽ์ด ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:29
In 2003, the Whitney mounted a retrospective of our work
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2003๋…„์— ํœ˜ํŠธ๋‹ˆ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž‘์—…์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ ์ „์„ ์˜ฌ๋ ธ๋Š”๋ฐ
06:34
that featured a lot of this work from the '80s and '90s.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ด 80~90๋…„๋Œ€์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ด ๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:38
However, the work itself resisted the very nature of a retrospective,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋Š” ํšŒ๊ณ ์ „์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์— ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
06:44
and this is just some of the stuff that was in the show.
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์ „์‹œํšŒ์— ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ„ ์ž‘์—…์„ ๋ช‡๊ฐœ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:47
This was a piece on tourism in the United States.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๋‚ด ํˆฌ์–ด๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:50
This is "Soft Sell" for 42nd Street.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ 42๋ฒˆ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ "๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์šด ์œ ํ˜น(Soft Sell)"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ,
06:53
This was something done at the Cartier Foundation.
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์นด๋ฅดํ‹ฐ์— ํŒŒ์šด๋ฐ์ด์…˜(Cartier Foundation, ๋น ๋ฆฌ)์— ์ „์‹œ๋œ ์ž‘์—…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:56
"Master/Slave" at the MOMA, the project series, a piece called "Parasite."
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MOMA(๋‰ด์š•)์— ์ „์‹œ๋œ "๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐ/์Šฌ๋ ˆ์ด๋ธŒ (Master/Slave)"์ „ ์ค‘ "ํŒŒ๋ผ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ(Parasite)"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:01
And so there were many, many of these kinds of projects.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์ž‘์—…๋“ค์ด ์ „์‹œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:04
Anyway, they gave us the whole fourth floor, and, you know,
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์–ด์จŒ๋“ , ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€์€ 4์ธต ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ,
07:10
the problem of the retrospective
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๊ทธ ํšŒ๊ณ ์ „์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์—๋Š”
07:12
was something we were very uncomfortable with.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋ถˆํŽธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:14
It's a kind of invention of the museum
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๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€๋“ค์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ธ ๊ฐœ๋…์œผ๋กœ
07:16
that's supposed to bring a kind of cohesive understanding
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๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ž‘์—…์„ ๋Œ€์ค‘์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋กœ
07:20
to the public of a body of work.
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์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•ด์•ผํ•˜์ฃ .
07:22
And our work doesn't really resolve itself into a body in any way at all.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ž‘์—…์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋กœ ํ•œ๋ฐ ๋ฌถ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:27
And one of the recurring themes, by the way, that in the work
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๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€, ์ž‘์—… ์†์— ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•ด์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ ํ…Œ๋งˆ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
07:32
was a kind of hostility toward the museum itself,
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์ผ์ข…์˜ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€ ์ž์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ์˜(hostility)์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:35
and asking about the conventions of the museum, like the wall, the white wall.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ํฐ ๋ฒฝ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€, ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€์˜ ๊ด€์Šต์— ์˜๋ฌธ์„ ๋˜์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:40
So, what you see here
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
07:42
is basically a plan of many installations that were put there.
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ค์น˜ํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋„ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:45
And we actually had to install white walls
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค ํฐ๋ฒฝ์„ ๋”ฐ๋กœ ์„ค์น˜ํ•ด์„œ
07:48
to separate these pieces, which didn't belong together.
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๊ฐ™์€ ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์ž‘์—…๋“ค์„ ๋–จ์–ด๋œจ๋ ค ๋†“์•„์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:50
But these white walls became a kind of target and weapon at the same time.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ํฐ ๋ฒฝ๋“ค์„ ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด ๊ณต๊ฒฉ๋Œ€์ƒ์ธ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋ฌด๊ธฐ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:55
We used the wall to partition the 13 installations of the project
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13๊ฐœ์˜ ์„ค์น˜ ์ž‘์—…์„ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•ด ๋†“๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฒฝ์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
07:58
and produce a kind of acoustic and visual separation.
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์Œํ–ฅ์ , ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ƒˆ์ฃ .
08:03
And what you see is -- actually,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€, ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ
08:05
the red dotted line shows the track of this performing element,
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๋ถ‰์€ ์ ์„ ์€ ์ด ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์ด๋™๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:10
which was a new piece that created -- that we created for the --
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ๋”ฐ๋กœ ์ค€๋น„ํ•œ ์ž‘์—…์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
08:13
which was a robotic drill, basically, that went all the way around,
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๋กœ๋ด‡๋“œ๋ฆด๋กœ์„œ ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ €๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค ๋Œ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:17
cruised the museum, went all around the walls and did a lot of damage.
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๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ €๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋Œ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉด์„œ (์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ค์น˜ํ•œ) ๋ฒฝ์— ์ƒ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ์ž…ํžˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
08:23
So, the drill was mounted on this robotic arm.
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๋กœ๋ด‡ ํŒ”์— ์žฅ์ฐฉ๋œ ๋“œ๋ฆด์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:26
We worked with, by the way, Honeybee Robotics. This is the brain.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•˜๋‹ˆ๋น„ ๋กœ๋ณดํ‹ฑ์Šค์‚ฌ์™€์˜ ํ˜‘์—…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ ์ œ์–ด์žฅ์น˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:30
Honeybee Robotics designed the Mars Driller,
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ํ•˜๋‹ˆ๋น„ ๋กœ๋ณดํ‹ฑ์Šค์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ™”์„ฑํƒ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆด(Mars Driller)์„ ๋””์ž์ธํ–ˆ์ฃ .
08:33
and it was really very much fun to work with them.
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๊ทธ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:35
They weren't doing their primary work, which was for the government,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ํ˜‘์—…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ฃผ์—…๋ฌด์ธ
08:39
while they were helping us with this.
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์ •๋ถ€์™€์˜ ์ผ์„ ๋ฏธ๋ค„๋‘์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:42
In any case, the way it works is that
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์–ด์จŒ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ด ๋กœ๋ด‡์€
08:44
an intelligent navigator basically maps the entire surface of these walls.
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์ •๋ณด ๋„ค์ด๊ฒŒ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งตํ•‘ํ•œ ๋ฒฝํ‘œ๋ฉด์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์›€์ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:50
So, unfolded it's about 300 linear feet.
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๋‹ค ํŽผ์น˜๋ฉด ์•ฝ 300ํ”ผํŠธ ์ •๋„ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:53
And it randomly generates points within a three-dimensional matrix.
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๋กœ๋ด‡์€ ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„๋กœ 3์ฐจ์› ๋งคํŠธ๋ฆญ์Šค๋‚ด์— ๊ธฐ์ค€์ ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:57
It selects a point, it guides the drill to that point, it pierces the dry wall,
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์ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ฅด๊ณ , ๋“œ๋ฆด์„ ๊ทธ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋ฉด, ๋“œ๋ฆด์€ ์ด ๊ฑด์‹๋ฒฝ์— ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์„ ๋‚ด์ฃ .
09:02
leaving a half-inch hole before traveling to the next location.
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ยฝ์ธ์น˜ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์„ ๋‚ด๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์žฅ์†Œ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:07
Initially these holes were lone blemishes,
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์ตœ์ดˆ์— ์ด ๊ตฌ๋ฉ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์ ์ธ (๊ฒฝ๋ฏธํ•œ) ์ƒ์ฒ˜์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
09:11
and as the exhibition continued
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์ „์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์† ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ
09:13
the walls became increasingly perforated.
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๋ฒฝ์€ ์ ์  ๋” ๊ตฌ๋ฉ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
09:16
So eventually holes on both sides of the wall aligned,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋ฒฝ ์–‘๋ฉด ๊ฐ™์€ ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์ด ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚˜๋ฉด
09:19
opening views from gallery to gallery.
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๊ฒ”๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ฒ”๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ˆˆ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์ด ์ƒ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:21
Clusters of holes randomly opened up sections of wall.
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๊ตฌ๋ฉ์ด ๋ชจ์—ฌ ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„๋กœ ๋ฒฝ์˜ ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ•˜์ฃ .
09:25
And so this was a three-month performance piece
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3๊ฐœ์›”๋™์•ˆ ์›€์ง์ด๊ฒŒ ๋†”๋‘์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:28
in which the wall was made into kind of an increasingly unstable element.
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์ด ๋ฒฝ์€ ์ ์ ๋” ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ•œ ์กด์žฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
09:35
And also the acoustic separation was destroyed.
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์Œํ–ฅ์ฐจ๋‹จ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๋„ ์ƒ์‹ค๋˜๊ณ .
09:39
Also the visual separation.
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์‹œ๊ฐ์  ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ด๊ณ ์š”.
09:41
And there was also this constant background groan, which was very annoying.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฑฐ์Šฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํŒŒ์—ด์Œ์ด ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ์†Œ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์†๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:47
And this is one of the blackout spaces
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒํ•œ ์–ด๋‘์šด ๋ฐฉ์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
09:49
where there's a video piece that became totally not useful.
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(๋น›๊ณผ ์†Œ์Œ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—) ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์“ธ๋ชจ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ์ฃ .
09:52
So rather than securing a neutral background for the artworks on display,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์˜ ์ „์‹œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ค‘๋ฆฝ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”
09:56
the wall now actively competed for attention.
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๋ฒฝ์€ ์ด์ œ ๋Šฅ๋™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ชฉ์„ ๋Œ๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฒฝ์Ÿํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
10:00
And this acoustical nuisance and visual nuisance
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ฒญ๊ฐ์ , ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ๊ฑฐ์Šฌ๋ฆผ์ด
10:04
basically exposed the discomfort of the work
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ํšŒ๊ณ ์ „์ด ์—์šฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์— ๋งž๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
10:07
to this encompassing nature of the retrospective.
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๋ถˆํŽธํ•œ ์‹ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:13
It was really great when it started to break up all of the curatorial text.
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ํ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ํŒŒ๊ดดํ–ˆ์„๋•Œ ์ •๋ง ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:17
Moving along to a project that we finished about a year ago.
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ 1๋…„์ „์ฏค ๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌํ•œ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:21
It's the ICA -- the Institute of Contemporary Art -- in Boston,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ณด์Šคํ„ด ํ˜„๋Œ€๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€ใ€ŒICAใ€โ€•
10:26
which is on the waterfront.
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ํ•ด์•ˆ๊ฐ€์— ์ž๋ฆฌ์žก๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:28
And there's not enough time to really introduce the building,
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์ด ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ
10:31
but I'll simply say that the building negotiates
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด ์ด ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์€
10:33
between this outwardly focused nature of the site --
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค์ชฝ์„ ๋‚ด๋‹ค๋ณด๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ๊ณผ --
10:39
you know, it's a really great waterfront site in Boston --
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๋ณด์Šคํ„ด ํ•ด์•ˆ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ •๋ง ๊ทผ์‚ฌํ•œ ๋ถ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:42
and this contradictory other desire to have an inwardly focused museum.
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๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€ ๋ณธ์—ฐ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์ธ ์•ˆ์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค๋ณด๋ ค๋Š” ์š•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์žฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:47
So, the nature of the building is that it looks at looking --
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์ฆ‰ ์ด ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:51
I mean that's its primary objective,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:54
both its program and its architectural conceit.
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๊ฑด๋ฌผ ์—ญํ•  ๊ตฌ์„ฑ(program)๊ณผ ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ž๋ถ€์‹ฌ์ด์ฃ .
11:00
The building incorporates the site,
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์ด ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์€ ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:04
but it dispenses it in very small doses
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€์˜ ์—ฐ์ถœ์— ์˜ํ•ด
11:08
in the way that the museum is choreographed.
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์กฐ๊ธˆ์”ฉ ๋งŒ๋ฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
11:11
So, you come in and you're basically squeezed by the theater,
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๊ฑด๋ฌผ์— ๋“ค์–ด์„œ๋ฉด ๊ทน์žฅ์— ์˜ํ•ด, ๊ทน์žฅ์˜ ๋ณต๋ถ€์— ์˜ํ•ด
11:15
by the belly of the theater, into this very compressed space
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์••์ฐฉ๋˜์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์••์ถ•๋œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
11:17
where the view is turned off.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:19
Then you come up in this glass elevator right near the curtain wall.
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋ฆฌ ์—˜๋ฆฌ๋ฒ ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ  ์ปคํŠผ์›”๋กœ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์Œ“์ธ ๋™๋„ค๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:24
This elevator's about the size of a New York City studio apartment.
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์ด ์—˜๋ฆฌ๋ฒ ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ๋‰ด์š•์˜ ์ŠคํŠœ๋””์˜ค (์›๋ฃธ) ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ ์ •๋„ ์‚ฌ์ด์ฆˆ์ฃ .
11:28
And then, this is a view going up,
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:30
and then you could come into the theater,
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๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทน์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด์„œ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:32
which can actually deny the view or open it up and become a backdrop.
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์ด ๊ทน์žฅ์€ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ๊ฒฝ์น˜๋กœ์˜ ์ „๋ง์„ ๊ฐ€๋ ค๋†“์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์—ด์–ด๋†“์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
11:37
And many musicians choose to use the theater glass walls totally open.
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์Œ์•…๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ์ปคํŠผ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์˜ฌ๋ ค๋†“๊ณ  ๊ณต์—ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:43
The view is denied in the galleries
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๊ฐค๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ’๊ฒฝ์€ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋˜์–ด
11:45
where we receive just natural light,
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์ž์—ฐ๊ด‘๋งŒ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
11:48
and then exposed again in the north gallery with a panoramic view.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ถ์ธก ๊ฒ”๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๊นฅ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์–ด ํŒŒ๋…ธ๋ผ๋งˆ ์ „๋ง์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
11:53
The original intention of this space,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์›๋ž˜ ์˜๋„ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ฐ”๋Š”
11:55
which was unfortunately never realized,
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๋ถˆํ–‰ํžˆ๋„ ์‹คํ˜„๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
11:58
was to use lenticular glass
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๋ Œ์ฆˆ ์œ ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด
12:00
which allowed only a kind of perpendicular view out.
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์ˆ˜์ง ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์˜ ํ’๊ฒฝ๋งŒ์ด ๋ณด์ด๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:03
In this very narrow space that connects east and west galleries
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๋™์ชฝ๊ณผ ์„œ์ชฝ์˜ ๊ฐค๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ž‡๋Š” ์ด ์ข์€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์€
12:06
the intention was really to not get a climax,
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ํด๋ผ์ด๋ง‰์Šค๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋Š๋ผ๋„๋ก ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
12:10
but to have the view stalk you,
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ํ’๊ฒฝ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์—†์ด ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ
12:12
so the view would open up as you walked from one end to the other.
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ํ•œ์ชฝ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑธ์–ด๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ ํ’๊ฒฝ์ด ์ ์  ์—ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:16
This was eliminated because the view was too good,
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์ด ์•ˆ์€ ํ’๊ฒฝ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ข‹์•„์„œ ํŒŒ๊ธฐ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:19
and the mayor said, "No, we just want this open."
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹œ์žฅ์€ "์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ ์ด๊ณณ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๊ตฌ์š”.
12:22
The architect lost here.
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๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ํŒจ๋ฐฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:24
But culminating -- and that's where this hooks into the theme of my little talk --
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ตœ๊ณ ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€, ์ œ ์ด ์งง์€ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ์™€๋„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ
12:27
is this Mediatheque,
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์ด ใ€Œ๋ฏธ๋””์–ดํ…Œํฌใ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:29
which is suspended from the cantilevered portion of the building.
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์ผ„ํ‹ธ๋ฆฌ๋ฒ„(ํŽธ์†Œ์œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ)๋กœ ํŠ€์–ด๋‚˜์™€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋งค๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ์ฃ .
12:33
So this is an 80-foot cantilever -- it's quite substantial.
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80ํ”ผํŠธ์˜ ์ผ„ํ‹ธ๋ฆฌ๋ฒ„. ๊ฝค๋‚˜ ๊ต‰์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:36
So, it's already sticking out into space enough,
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์ด๋ฏธ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํŠ€์–ด๋‚˜์™€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
12:40
and then from that is this, is this small area called the Mediatheque.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋˜ ์ž‘์€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์™€ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ดํ…Œํฌ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:45
The Mediatheque has something like 16 stations
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๋ฏธ๋””์–ดํ…Œํฌ์—๋Š” 16๋Œ€์˜ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ๋ จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์–ด
12:49
where the public can get onto the server
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๊ด€๋žŒ๊ฐ๋“ค์ด ์„œ๋ฒ„์— ์ ‘์†ํ•˜๊ณ 
12:51
and look at digital artworks or also curated artworks off the web.
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๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์•„ํŠธ๋‚˜, ์—„์„ ๋œ ์˜ˆ์ˆ  ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:55
And this was really a kind of very important part of this building,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ณณ์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
13:02
and here is a point where architecture --
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ฑด์ถ•์€
13:04
this is like technology-free -- architecture is only a framing device,
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒํ• ์ง€ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ง“๋Š” ์•ก์ž์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ด์ฃ .
13:08
it only edits the harbor view, the industrial harbor
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ํ•ญ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์ „๋ง์„ ํŽธ์ง‘ํ•˜๊ณ , ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ์‚ฐ์‹ค์ธ ํ•ญ๋งŒ์„
13:12
just through its walls, its floors and its ceiling,
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๋ฒฝ์„, ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์„, ์ฒœ์žฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ
13:16
to only expose the water itself, the texture of water,
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๋‹จ์ง€ ๋ฌผ๋งŒ์„, ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์˜ ์งˆ๊ฐ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
13:22
much like a hypnotic effect created by electronic snow
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์ „๊ธฐ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ธ ๋ˆˆ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ผ๋ฐ”๋žจํ”„๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์„๋•Œ
13:26
or a lava lamp or something like that.
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๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ์ตœ๋ฉด์ด ๋“  ๊ธฐ๋ถ„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋Š๋‚„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
13:29
And here is where we really felt that there was a great convergence
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ์ž์—ฐ์ด
13:33
of the technological and the natural in the project.
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์–ด์šฐ๋Ÿฌ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๊ผˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:38
But there is just no information, it's just -- it's just hypnosis.
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๋งˆ์น˜ ์ •๋ง ์ตœ๋ฉด๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ง๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:45
Moving along to Lincoln Center.
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์ด์ œ ๋ง์ปจ์„ผํ„ฐ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:48
These are the guys that did the project in the first place, 50 years ago.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ง€์–ด๋†“์€ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, 50๋…„์ „์˜ ์ผ์ด์ฃ .
13:52
We're taking over now, doing work that ranges in scale
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žฅ์•…ํ•ด์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์Šค์ผ€์ผ์˜ ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:55
from small-scale repairs to major renovations and major facility expansions.
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์ž‘์€ ๋ณด์ˆ˜๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋Œ€๋Œ€์ ์ธ ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜๋‚˜ ํ™•์žฅ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:01
But we're doing it with a lot less testosterone.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚จ์„ฑํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ์„ ์ ๊ฒŒ ๋„ฃ์—ˆ์ฃ .
14:04
This is the extent of the work that's to be completed by 2010.
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๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด 2010๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ์™„์„ฑ๋˜์–ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ ๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
14:09
And for the purposes of this talk,
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์ด ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
14:11
I wanted to isolate just a part of a project that's even a part of a project
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์ด๋ฏธ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์—…์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ธ ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ค‘ ๊ฑด์ถ•์  ํŠน์ˆ˜ํšจ๊ณผ๋ผ๋Š”
14:15
that touches a little bit on this theme of architectural special effects,
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ํ…Œ๋งˆ์— ์–ด์šธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋”ฐ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™€ ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:19
and it happens to be our current obsession,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์ง‘์ฐฉ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋งŒํผ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
14:23
and it plays a little bit with the purging and adding of distraction.
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์ •์‹ ์„ ๋œ ์‚ฌ๋‚ฉ๊ฒŒํ•˜๊ณ  ๋” ์‚ฌ๋‚ฉ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:29
It's Alice Tully Hall, and it's tucked under the Juilliard Building
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์•Œ๋ฆฌ์Šค ํˆด๋ฆฌ ํ™€ (Alice Tully Hall)์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ค„๋ฆฌ์–ด๋“œ(Juilliard)๊ฑด๋ฌผ ์•„๋ž˜ ์ž๋ฆฌ์žก๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
14:33
and descends several levels under the street.
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๊ธธ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๋†’์ด์—์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ธต ์ง€ํ•˜๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:37
So, this is the entrance to Tully Hall as it used to be,
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์ด ๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜ˆ์ „ ํ„ธ๋ฆฌํ™€ ์ž…๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:41
before the renovation, which we just started.
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ง‰ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๋ ˆ๋…ธ๋ฒ ์ด์…˜ ์ด์ „ ๋ชจ์Šต์ด์ฃ .ยฝ
14:43
And we asked ourselves, why couldn't it be exhibitionistic,
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์ €ํฌ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋˜์ง„ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€, '์™œ ์ข€๋” ๋…ธ์ถœ์ง€์ƒ์ ์ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ• ๊นŒ?
14:46
like the Met, or like some of the other buildings at Lincoln Center?
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๋ฉ”ํŠธ๋กœํด๋ฆฌํƒ„๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€์ด๋‚˜ ๋ง์ปจ์„ผํ„ฐ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ๋“ค ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ง์•ผ.'
14:49
And one of the things that we were asked to do
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
14:52
was give it a street identity, expand the lobbies and make it visually accessible.
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๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๋ณด๊ธฐ์— ๋…์ž์ ์ธ ๊ฐœ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋กœ๋น„๋ฅผ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐ–์—์„œ ์ž˜ ๋ณด์ด๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:57
And this building, which is just naturally hermetic, we stripped.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋ณด๊ธฐ์—๋„ ๋ฐ€ํ๋œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ๋ฒ—๊ฒจ๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:01
We basically did a striptease, architectural striptease,
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์š”์ปจ๋ฐ ๊ฑด์ถ•์ ์ธ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฝ ์‡ผ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:04
where we're framing with this kind of canopy --
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์บ๋…ธํ”ผ(canopy)๋กœ ํ”„๋ ˆ์ด๋ฐ(๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค„ ์ง€ ์•ก์žํ™”)์„ ํ•˜๊ณ 
15:09
the underside of three levels of expansion of Juilliard,
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์ค„๋ฆฌ์–ด๋“œ์˜ 3์ธต์งœ๋ฆฌ ์ฆ์„ค ๋ฐ‘์œผ๋กœ
15:12
about 45,000 square feet -- cutting it to the angle of Broadway,
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45000 ์ž…๋ฐฉ ํ”ผํŠธ๋กœ, ๋ธŒ๋กœ๋“œ์›จ์ด์˜ ๊ฐ๋„์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž˜๋ผ๋‚ด๊ณ 
15:17
and then exposing, using that canopy to frame Tully Hall.
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ํ„ธ๋ฆฌํ™€์„ ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์บ๋…ธํ”ผ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ๋…ธ์ถœ ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
15:22
Before and after shot. (Applause)
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์ „๊ณผ ํ›„์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:26
Wait a minute, it's just in that state, we have a long way to go.
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์ž ๊น๋งŒ์š”, ์•„์ง ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์ง ๊ฐ€์•ผํ•  ๊ธธ์ด ๋ฉ€์ฃ .
15:30
But what I wanted to do was take a couple of seconds that I have left
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ๋ช‡ ์ดˆ ๋‚จ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ
15:33
to just talk about the hall itself,
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ํ™€ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:35
which is kind of where we're really doing a massive amount of work.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ๋Œ€๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:39
So, the hall is a multi-purpose hall.
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์ด ํ™€์€ ๋‹ค๋ชฉ์ ํ™€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:42
The clients have asked us to produce a great chamber music hall.
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์˜๋ขฐ์ธ์€, ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์‹ค๋‚ด์•… ๊ณต์—ฐ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:47
Now, that's really tough to do with a hall that has 1,100 seats.
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1100์„์ด๋‚˜ ๋˜๋Š” ํ™€์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์‹ค๋‚ด์•… ๊ณต์—ฐ์žฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ๋ž€ ์ •๋ง ํž˜์ด๋“ค์ฃ .
15:51
Chamber and the notion of chamber has to do with salons
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ใ€Œ์‹ค๋‚ด์•…ใ€์ด๋‚˜ ใ€Œ์‹ค๋‚ดใ€๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ง์€, ใ€Œ์‚ด๋กฑใ€์ด๋‚˜
15:54
and small-scale performances. They asked us to bring an intimacy.
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์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ์—ฐ์ฃผ์™€ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋งˆ๋ จ์ด์ฃ . ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ž‘์€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ์นœ๋ฐ€๊ฐ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:57
How do you bring an intimacy into a hall?
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋Œ€ํ˜• ํ™€์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์นœ๋ฐ€๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ฌ๊นŒ์š”?
16:00
Intimacy for us means a lot of different things.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์นœ๋ฐ€๊ฐ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:02
It means acoustic intimacy and it means visual intimacy.
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์Œํ–ฅ์  ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹œ๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•„๋‹ดํ•œ ๋Š๋‚Œ
16:06
One thing is that the subway is running and rumbling right under the hall.
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ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ํ™€ ๋ฐ‘์œผ๋กœ ์ง€ํ•˜์ฒ ์ด ๋œ๊ทธ๋• ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:10
Another thing that could be fixed is the shape of the hall.
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ํ™€์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋„ ๊ณ ์น  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:12
It's like a coffin, it basically sends all the sound,
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๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์€ ๊ด€ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ, ๋ชจ๋“  ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ
16:15
like a gutter-ball effect, down the aisles.
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๊ฑฐํ„ฐ๋ณผ ํšจ๊ณผ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณต๋„๊นŒ์ง€ ์ญ‰ ๋ณด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:17
The walls are made of absorptive surface,
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๋ฒฝ์€ ํก์Œ์†Œ์žฌ๋กœ ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์–ด
16:20
half absorptive, half reflective,
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๋ฐ˜ํก์Œ, ๋ฐ˜๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ์Œ์œผ๋กœ
16:22
which is not very good for concert sound.
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์ฝ˜์„œํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:25
This is Avery Fisher Hall, but the notion of junk -- visual junk --
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์—์ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ ํ”ผ์…” ํ™€ (Avery Fisher Hall)๋กœ ์ •ํฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ์ •ํฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์€
16:29
was very, very important to us, to get rid of visual noise.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ์ ์ธ ์†Œ์Œ์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:33
Because we can't eliminate a single seat,
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์ขŒ์„์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊ฑด๋“œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
16:35
the architecture is restricted to 18 inches.
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑด์ถ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์€ 18์ธ์น˜ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ๋กœ ์ œํ•œ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
16:38
So it's a very, very thin architecture.
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์ •๋ง ์ •๋ง ์–‡์€ ๊ฑด์ถ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:41
First we do a kind of partial box and box separation,
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์ง€ํ•˜์ฒ  ์†Œ์Œ์ด ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง‰์•„๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
16:45
to take away the distraction of the subway noise.
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๋ถ€๋ถ„์  ๋ฐ•์Šค, ๋ฐ•์Šค๋กœ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ธ๊ณ 
16:47
Next we wrap the entire hall -- almost like this Olivetti keyboard --
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฒ ํ‹ฐ ํ‚ค๋ณดํŠธ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ™€ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ
16:52
with a material, with a wood material
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์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋ชฉ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋ฎ์–ด ์”Œ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:55
that basically covers all the surfaces:
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฉด์„ ๋’ค ๋ฎ์—ˆ์ฃ .
16:57
wall, ceiling, floor, stage, steps, everything, boxes.
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๋ฒฝ, ์ฒœ์žฅ, ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ, ๋ฌด๋Œ€, ๊ณ„๋‹จ, ๋ชจ๋“ ๊ฒƒ, ๋ฐ•์Šค๊นŒ์ง€๋„.
17:01
But it's acoustically engineered to focus the sound into the house
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด๋Œ€ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ด€๊ฐ์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด๋Œ€๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์˜ค๋„๋ก
17:05
and back to the stage. And here's an acoustic shelf.
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์Œํ–ฅ ๊ณตํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด '์–ด์ฟ ์Šคํ‹ฑ ์‰˜ํ”„(acoustic shelf)'์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ด๊ณ ์š”.
17:08
Looking up the hall. Just a section of the stage.
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ํ™€ ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต, ๋ฌด๋Œ€์˜ ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:11
Just everything is lined, it incorporates --
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๋ชจ๋“ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‚˜๋ž€ํžˆ ์„ธ์›Œ์„œ
17:14
every single thing that you could possibly imagine
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ค ๋งŒํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„
17:16
is tucked into this high-performance skin.
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๊ณ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ‘œํ”ผ์†์— ์ง‘์–ด ๋„ฃ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:18
But one more added feature.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋” ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
17:20
So now that we've stripped the hall of all visual distraction,
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์ž ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ™€์„ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ์ •์‹  ์‚ฌ๋‚˜์›€์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ•ด๋ฐฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:23
everything that prevents this intimacy
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์ฒญ์ค‘๊ณผ ๋ฌด๋Œ€ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์นœ๋ฐ€๊ฐ์„
17:26
which is supposed to connect the house, the audience,
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๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:29
with the performers, we add one little detail,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฐ์ฃผ์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ž‘์€ ๋””ํ…Œ์ผ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:33
one piece of architectural excess, a special effect: lighting.
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๊ฑด์ถ•์ ์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€. ํŠน์ˆ˜ํšจ๊ณผ์ธ ์กฐ๋ช…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:37
We very strongly believe that the theatrics of a concert hall
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”, ์ฝ˜์„œํŠธ ํ™€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ทน์„ฑ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
17:41
is as much in the space of intermission and the space of arrival
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ํœด์‹์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„, ์ž…์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ๋งŒํผ์ด๋‚˜
17:45
as it is when the concert starts.
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์ฝ˜์„œํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ• ๋•Œ์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ตณ๊ฒŒ ๋ฏฟ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:47
So what we wanted to do was produce this effect,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ ๋ฐ”๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ํšจ๊ณผ.
17:51
this lighting effect,
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์กฐ๋ช… ํšจ๊ณผ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:53
which made us have to bioengineer the wood walls.
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๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด ๋ชฉ์žฌ ๋ฒฝ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:57
And what it entails is the use of resin, of this very thick resin
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์ˆ˜์ง€. ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋‘๊บผ์šด ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์ˆ˜์ง€์™€
18:03
with a veneer of the same kind of wood that's used throughout the hall,
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ํ™€ ์ „์ฒด์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋ชฉ์žฌ์˜ ์–‡์€ ํ•œ๊ฒน์„ ๊ฐ™์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:07
in a kind of seamless continuity
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๋Š์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—†์ด ์—ฐ์†๋œ ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ 
18:11
that wraps the hall in light, like a belt of light: rather than separating,
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ํ™€ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ์กฐ๋ช…๊ณผ ๋น„ ์กฐ๋ช… ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆŒ ํ•„์š”์—†์ด ๋น›์˜ ๋ฒจํŠธ๋กœ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ ์Œ“์•˜์ฃ .
18:16
like a proscenium would separate the audience from performers,
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๊ณต์—ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๊ด€์ค‘์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์— ๋†“์ธ ํ”„๋กœ์‹œ๋‹ˆ์—„(proscenium)์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
18:20
it connects audience with players.
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๊ด€๊ฐ๊ณผ ์—ฐ์ฃผ์ž๋“ค์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•ด ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:22
And this is a mockup that is in Salt Lake City
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์†”ํŠธ๋ ˆ์ดํฌ์‹œํ‹ฐ์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ณธ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:28
that gives you a sense of what this is going to look like in full-scale.
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์‹ค์ œํฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ๋Š๋‚Œ์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
18:33
And this is a guy from Salt Lake City,
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์†”ํŠธ๋ ˆ์ดํฌ์‹œํ‹ฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ธ๋ฐ,
18:36
this is what they look like out there.
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๊ทธ๊ณณ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฒผ๋‹ค๊ณ ๋“ค ํ•˜์ฃ .
18:38
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
18:41
And for us, I mean it's really kind of a very strange thing,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ง ๊ต‰์žฅํ•œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ,
18:44
but the moments in the hall that the buzz kind of dies down
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ํ™€์— ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๋˜ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ณ 
18:50
when the audience is waiting for the performance to begin,
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๊ณต์—ฐ์ด ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆด๋•Œ
18:53
very similar to the parting of curtains or the raising of a chandelier,
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์ปคํŠผ์ด ์—ด๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ƒน๋“ค๋ฆฌ์—๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
18:57
the walls will just exude this glow, temporarily stealing attention from the stage.
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(ํ„ธ๋ฆฌํ™€์˜) ๋ฒฝ์€ ์€์€ํ•œ ๋น›์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด ๊ด€๊ฐ์˜ ์‹œ์„ ์„ ๋ฌด๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ž ์‹œ ๋บ์–ด๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:03
And this is Tully in construction now.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ณต์‚ฌ์ค‘์ธ ํ„ธ๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:07
I have no ending to say, except that I'm a couple of minutes over.
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ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๋๋งบ๋Š” ๋ง์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๋‹จ์ง€ 2๋ถ„ ์ •๋„ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ–ˆ์„ ๋ฟ์ด๋„ค์š”.
19:11
Thank you very much.
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๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:13
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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