Why we make bad financial choices -- even when we know better | Your Money and Your Mind

289,217 views

2021-02-02 ใƒป TED


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Why we make bad financial choices -- even when we know better | Your Money and Your Mind

289,217 views ใƒป 2021-02-02

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Transcriber:
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"Always wear sunscreen."
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Sieun Park ๊ฒ€ํ† : DK Kim
โ€œํ•ญ์ƒ ์„ ํฌ๋ฆผ ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ธฐโ€ โ€œ๊ท ํ˜• ์žกํžŒ ์‹์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐโ€
00:01
"Eat a balanced diet."
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00:03
"A penny saved is a penny earned."
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โ€œํ•œ ํ‘ผ ์•„๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ํ‘ผ ๋ฒ„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹คโ€
00:04
You probably all learned these lessons as a kid,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์–ด๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ตํ›ˆ์„ ๋ฐฐ์› ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:07
maybe from your parents,
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ, ๋˜๋Š” 80๋…„๋Œ€์— ์ž๋ž๋‹ค๋ฉด,
00:09
or if you grew up in the '80s, on the public service announcements
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๋ชจ๋“  G.l. Joe ๋งŒํ™”์˜ ๋์— ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๊ณต์ต๊ด‘๊ณ ์—์„œ์š”.
00:12
at the end of every episode of the G.I. Joe cartoons.
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00:15
But chances are, despite knowing this,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฑธ ์•Œ๋ฉด์„œ๋„
00:18
you still stepped outside without putting on sunscreen,
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์„ ํฌ๋ฆผ์„ ์•ˆ ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ณ  ๋ฐ–์— ๋‚˜๊ฐ”์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
00:21
devoured an entire bag of chips in one go
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๊ณผ์ž ํ•œ ๋ด‰์ง€๋ฅผ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์— ๋จน์–ด์น˜์› ๊ณ 
00:23
or spent way more of your paycheck than you anticipated.
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์˜ˆ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ธ‰์—ฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์ผ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:26
So why is that?
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๋„๋Œ€์ฒด ์™œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
00:28
[Your Money and Your Mind] with Wendy De La Rosa
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์›ฌ๋”” ๋“œ ๋ผ ๋กœ์‚ฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜๋Š” [์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋ˆ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์Œ}
00:32
A few years ago, two Yale professors coined the term "G.I. Joe fallacy"
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๋ช‡ ๋…„ ์ „, ์˜ˆ์ผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ต์ˆ˜ ๋‘ ๋ช…์ด
์ด ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด๋กœ โ€˜G.l. Joe ์˜ค๋ฅ˜โ€™๋ผ๊ณ  ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:37
to describe this very phenomenon.
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00:39
It's the mistaken idea that knowing is half the battle.
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์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ „์Ÿ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:42
But as it turns out, in most situations,
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋Š”,
00:45
just knowing something is not nearly enough
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”
์‹ค์ฒœํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:48
for you to put it into practice.
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00:50
Information doesn't always change behavior.
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์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:54
As a behavioral scientist helping families make better financial decisions,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์žฌ์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋„๋ก ๋•๋Š” ํ–‰๋™๊ณผํ•™์ž๋กœ์„œ,
00:58
I've seen people struggle to save money,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ˆ์„ ์•„๋ผ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์ง€์ถœ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
01:01
to cut back on their expenses or to manage their debt,
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๋นš์„ ๊ฐš๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์• ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:04
even after they've taken a financial literacy class.
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๊ธˆ์œต ์†Œ์–‘ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ ๋„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
ํ˜„์‹ค์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žฌ์ • ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
01:08
And the reality is that people fundamentally know
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01:11
what they need to do to improve their financial situation.
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๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:14
We all do.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘์š”.
01:15
The equation is simple: they need to save more and spend less.
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๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์ ˆ์•ฝํ•˜๊ณ  ๋” ์ ๊ฒŒ ์ง€์ถœํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:20
But the thing is, that's just really hard to do.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์‹ค์ฒœ์ด ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:23
It's easier said than done,
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ํ–‰๋™๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์ด ๋” ์‰ฝ๊ณ  ์ €๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ฃ .
01:24
and I've been in this boat as well.
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01:26
So for example, I had a magazine subscription
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด ์ €๋Š” ์ทจ์†Œํ•ด๋ฒ„๋ ค์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•„๋Š” ์žก์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:28
that I knew I should just cancel.
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01:31
I never read the magazine,
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๊ทธ ์žก์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฝ์€ ์ ์ด ์—†์ง€๋งŒ ๋งค๋‹ฌ ์˜ˆ๊ธˆ ๊ณ„์ขŒ์—์„œ ๋ˆ์ด ๋น ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
01:32
and every month, money was coming out of my checking account,
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01:36
and every time I reviewed my budget, I saw it,
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์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์„ ์ ๊ฒ€ํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ
01:39
I knew I had to cancel it, but I didn't.
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์ทจ์†Œํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•Œ์•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:41
It took me two years to cancel that magazine subscription.
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์ด ์žก์ง€ ๊ตฌ๋…์„ ์ทจ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ 2๋…„์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:45
And I'm sure I'm not alone.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์ €๋งŒ์€ ์•„๋‹ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์š”.
01:47
You probably have some type of subscription
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ์ทจ์†Œํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋… ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:49
that you know you should cancel.
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01:51
So the critical piece in all of this is to get rid of this belief
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์€ ์žฌ์ •์ ์ธ ์•ˆ์ „์ด
01:55
that financial security is just a problem that we can teach away.
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๊ต์œก์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฏฟ์Œ์„ ์—†์• ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:58
In the US, for example,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋งค๋…„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ 7์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ
01:59
we spend nearly 700 million dollars every year on financial education programs,
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๊ธˆ์œต ๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์— ์ง€์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
02:06
yet a team of researchers have found
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ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํŒ€์ด ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ๋“ค์ด
02:08
that these programs explained only 0.1 percent
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๊ธˆ์œต ํ–‰ํƒœ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ 0.1%๋ฐ–์— ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:10
of the variance in financial behaviors.
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02:13
Not zero, but pretty close to it.
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0์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ€๊น์ฃ .
02:16
Meanwhile, 20 states mandate financial literacy classes in high school,
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ํ•œํŽธ, 20๊ฐœ ์ฃผ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ๊ธˆ์œต ๊ต์–‘ ์ˆ˜์—…์ด ํ•„์ˆ˜์ด์ง€๋งŒ,
์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ์ž˜ ์‹œํ–‰๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด
02:21
but studies have found that unless these programs are well-implemented,
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02:24
they are unlikely to have any effect on a student's future credit score
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์‹ ์šฉ ์ ์ˆ˜๋‚˜ ํˆฌ์ž ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด
02:29
or their likelihood to invest.
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๋‚ฎ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:31
A more significant predictor of how well you manage your finances
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์žฌ์ • ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ž˜ ํ• ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ธก ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š”
์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:35
is your general ability to do math.
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ,
02:38
From all of this, I've learned that behavior change
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์ €๋Š” ํ–‰๋™ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ต์œก์œผ๋กœ ๋  ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:41
is not an educational pursuit.
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02:43
It's an environmental one.
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
02:45
If you are struggling,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
02:46
it's not because there's something fundamentally wrong with you.
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๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:49
It's most likely because there is something wrong
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:52
with how your environment is set up.
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02:54
Look around you.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ฃผ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
02:55
The cues to spend money have gotten smarter,
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๋ˆ์„ ์“ฐ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์ ์  ๋” ์˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ  ํšจ์œจ์ ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:58
faster and more efficient.
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03:00
Targeted ads are becoming more personalized,
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ํ‘œ์  ๊ด‘๊ณ ๋Š” ์ ์  ๊ฐœ์ธํ™”๋˜๊ณ 
๊ธฐ์—… ๊ด‘๊ณ ๋Š” ๋” ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ด ๋˜๋ฉฐ
03:03
corporate content is becoming more engaging,
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03:05
and everything around you is focusing on spending.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์†Œ๋น„์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
So let's change that.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด๊ฑธ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํ• ์ง€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
03:10
You can reshape your environment and how you interact with it,
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03:13
and I can guide you through it.
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์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ์•ˆ๋‚ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:14
Over the course of this series,
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์ด ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:16
I'll take you through a step-by-step look
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03:18
at how you can change your environment
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜๊ณ 
03:21
and regain control of your finances.
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์žฌ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ†ต์ œ๋ ฅ์„ ๋˜์ฐพ์„์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
03:24
At the end of every episode,
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๋งคํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค,
03:26
I'll share practical tips based on research
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ˆ์„ ๋” ์ ๊ฒŒ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์ €์ถ•ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
03:29
on how to spend less and save more today --
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์‹ค์šฉ์ ์ธ ์กฐ์–ธ์„ ๋“œ๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
not tomorrow, but today.
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๋‚ด์ผ ๋ง๊ณ  ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋‹น์žฅ์ด์š”.
03:34
And your future self will thank you.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ๋งˆ์›Œ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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