How technology has changed what it's like to be deaf | Rebecca Knill

88,293 views ใƒป 2020-03-24

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Transcriber: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Krystian Aparta
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Yeowoon Yi ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:13
My name is Rebecca, and I'm a cyborg.
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์ €๋Š” ๋ ˆ๋ฒ ์นด ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์ด๋ณด๊ทธ์ฃ .
00:15
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
00:18
Specifically, I have 32 computer chips inside my head,
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์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ œ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์— 32๊ฐœ์˜ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์นฉ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
00:23
which rebuild my sense of hearing.
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์ œ ์ฒญ๊ฐ์„ ๋˜์‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
00:25
This is called a cochlear implant.
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์ด๊ฑธ ์ธ๊ณต ์™€์šฐ ์ด์‹์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:28
You remember the Borg from Star Trek,
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์˜ํ™” ์Šคํƒ€ํŠธ๋ž™์— ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•œ ๋ณด๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
00:31
those aliens who conquered and absorbed everything in sight?
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๋ˆˆ์— ๋„๋Š” ๊ฑด ๋‹ฅ์น˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋กœ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ •๋ณตํ–ˆ๋˜ ์™ธ๊ณ„์ข…์กฑ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:36
Well, that's me.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ €์˜ˆ์š”.
00:38
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
00:39
The good news is I come for your technology
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๋‹คํ–‰ํžˆ๋„ ์ €๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ์™”์ง€
00:42
and not for your human life-forms.
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์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์˜จ ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
(Laughter)
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00:47
Actually, I've never seen an episode of Star Trek.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ €๋Š” ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ๋„ ์Šคํƒ€ ํŠธ๋ž™ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์–ด์š”.
00:49
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
00:51
But there's a reason for that:
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๊ทธ๋žฌ๋˜ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
00:53
television wasn't closed-captioned when I was a kid.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ๋Š” ํ…”๋ ˆ๋น„์ „์—์„œ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ๋‚˜์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
00:57
I grew up profoundly deaf.
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์ €๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋“ฃ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ์ฑ„๋กœ ์ž๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:59
I went to regular schools, and I had to lip-read.
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์ €๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ํ•™๊ต์— ๋‹ค๋…”๊ณ  ์ž… ๋ชจ์–‘์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์„ ์ฝ์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
01:02
I didn't meet another deaf person until I was 20.
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20์‚ด์ด ๋  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฒญ๊ฐ ์žฅ์• ์ธ์„ ๋งŒ๋‚œ ์ ๋„ ์—†์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:06
Electronics were mostly audio back then.
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๋‹น์‹œ ์ „์ž๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋“ค์€ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด์—ˆ๊ณ 
01:09
My alarm clock was my sister Barbara,
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์ €๋ฅผ ๊นจ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฑด ์ œ ์—ฌ๋™์ƒ ๋ฐ”๋ฐ”๋ผ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:11
who would set her alarm and then throw something at me to wake up.
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์•Œ๋žŒ์„ ๋งž์ถฐ๋‘๊ณ ๋Š” ์ œ๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€๋Š” ์‹์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:15
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:18
My hearing aids were industrial-strength, sledgehammer volume,
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์ œ ๋ณด์ฒญ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ ํŠผํŠผํ•˜๊ณ  ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋„ ์ •๋ง ์ปธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:23
but they helped me more than they helped most people.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ๋งŽ์€ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
With them, I could hear music and the sound of my own voice.
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๋ณด์ฒญ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์Œ์•…๋„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์ œ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋„ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
01:30
I've always liked the idea that technology can help make the world more human.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ์ข€ ๋” ์ธ๊ฐ„์ ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
I used to watch the stereo flash color when the music shifted,
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์ €๋Š” ์Œ์•…์ด ๋ฐ”๋€” ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์Šคํ…Œ๋ ˆ์˜ค ์ƒ‰์ด ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด๊ณค ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
01:40
and I knew it was just a matter of time before my watch could show me sound, too.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด์„œ ๋จธ์ง€์•Š์•„ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:48
Did you know that hearing occurs in the brain?
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๋“ฃ๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‡Œ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ ๊ฐ€์š”?
01:50
In your ear is a small organ called the cochlea,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๊ท€์—๋Š” ๋‹ฌํŒฝ์ด๊ด€์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
01:54
and the cochlea is lined with thousands of receptors called hair cells.
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์œ ๋ชจ ์„ธํฌ๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ˆ˜ ์ฒœ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด์™€ ๊ณต์กฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
When sound enters your ear,
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์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ท€๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋ฉด
02:02
those hair cells, they send electric signals to your brain,
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์ด ์œ ๋ชจ ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‡Œ๋กœ ์ „๊ธฐ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:06
and your brain then interprets that as sound.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋‡Œ์—์„œ ์ด ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
02:10
Hair-cell damage is really common:
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์œ ๋ชจ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์†์ƒ์€ ํ”ํ•œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:14
noise exposure, ordinary aging, illness.
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์ง€๋‚˜์นœ ์†Œ์Œ์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋…ธํ™”, ํ˜น์€ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์œผ๋กœ ์†์ƒ๋˜์ง€์š”.
02:18
My hair cells were damaged before I was even born.
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์ œ ์œ ๋ชจ ์„ธํฌ๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜๊ธฐ๋„ ์ „์— ์†์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
My mother was exposed to German measles when she was pregnant with me.
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์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ป˜์„œ ์ €๋ฅผ ์ž„์‹ ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ํ’์ง„์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ์…จ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
02:27
About five percent of the world has significant hearing loss.
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ ์•ฝ 5% ์ •๋„๋Š” ์ฒญ๋ ฅ์— ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์†์ƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:31
By 2050, that's expected to double to over 900 million people,
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2050๋…„์ด๋ฉด ์ด ์ˆซ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด 9์–ต ๋ช… ์ •๋„๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
02:36
or one in 10.
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์ด๋Š” ์—ด ๋ช… ์ค‘์— ํ•œ ๋ช… ๊ผด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
For seniors, it's already one out of three.
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๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์‚ผ ๋ถ„์˜ ์ผ์ด ์ฒญ๋ ฅ ์†์ƒ์„ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
With a cochlear implant,
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์ธ๊ณต ์™€์šฐ ์ด์‹์€
02:44
computer chips do the job for the damaged hair cells.
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์นฉ์ด ์†์ƒ๋œ ์œ ๋ชจ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๋งก๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
Imagine a box of 16 crayons,
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์—ด์—ฌ์„ฏ ๊ฐœ์˜ ํฌ๋ ˆํŒŒ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ•์Šค๋ฅผ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ ค๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
02:51
and those 16 crayons, in combination,
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์—ด์—ฌ์„ฏ ๊ฐœ์˜ ํฌ๋ ˆํŒŒ์Šค๋Š” ์ƒ‰ ์กฐํ•ฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
02:55
have to make all of the colors in the universe.
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์„ธ์ƒ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒ‰์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:58
Same with the cochlear implant.
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์ธ๊ณต ์™€์šฐ ์ด์‹์ˆ˜์ˆ ๋„ ์ด์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:00
I have 16 electrodes in each of my cochleas.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ฐ ๋‹ฌํŒฝ์ด๊ด€์— ์—ด์—ฌ์„ฏ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ „๊ทน์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
03:04
Those 16 electrodes, in combination, send signals to my brain,
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์ด ์—ด์—ฌ์„ฏ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ „๊ทน์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์กฐํ•ฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
03:10
representing all of the sounds in the universe.
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์„ธ์ƒ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋‡Œ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:14
I have electronics inside and outside of my head
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์ €์˜ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ ์•ˆํŒŽ์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ ์žฅ์น˜๋Š”
03:18
to make that happen,
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
03:20
including a small processor, magnets inside my skull
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์ด ์ „๊ธฐ ์žฅ์น˜๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ์‹ ํ˜ธ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์žฅ์น˜, ๋‘๊ฐœ๊ณจ ๋‚ด์˜ ์ž์„๋“ค
03:25
and a rechargeable power source.
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์ถฉ์ „์‹ ์ „์ง€ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:27
Radio waves transmit sound through the magnets.
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์ „ํŒŒ๊ฐ€ ์ž์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
03:32
The number one question that I get about the cochlear implant
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์ธ๊ณต ์™€์šฐ ์ด์‹์ˆ˜์ˆ ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€
03:36
when people hear about the magnets
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์ด ์ž์„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:38
is whether my head sticks to the refrigerator.
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์ œ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ ์— ๋ถ™๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹Œ์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ดํ•˜์‹œ๋”๋ผ๊ณ ์š”.
03:40
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
03:47
No, it does not.
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์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
03:50
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
03:52
Thank you, thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:54
(Applause)
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(๋ฐฑ์ˆ˜)
03:56
I know this, because I tried.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๋ด์„œ ์•Œ์•„์š”.
03:57
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
04:00
Hearing people assume that the Deaf
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๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋“ฃ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
04:02
live in a perpetual state of wanting to hear,
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๋“ฃ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐˆ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์‚ด ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:06
because they can't imagine any other way.
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์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์‚ถ์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
04:09
But I've never once wished to be hearing.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž€์ ์ด ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:11
I just wanted to be part of a community like me.
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๊ทธ์ € ์ €์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
04:14
I wanted everyone else to be deaf.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:17
I think that sense of belonging is what ultimately connects our stories,
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์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€์— ์†ํ•ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋Š๋‚Œ์ด ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
04:22
and mine felt incomplete.
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์ €๋Š” ์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ์™„์ „ํ•ด ๋ณด์˜€๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
04:25
When cochlear implants first got going,
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์ธ๊ณต ์™€์šฐ ์ด์‹ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์ด ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋„์ž…๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ๊ฐ€
04:28
back in the '80s,
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80๋…„๋Œ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
the operation was Frankenstein-monster scary.
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์ด ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์€ ํ”„๋ž‘์ผ„์Šˆํƒ€์ธ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ˆ ๋งŒํผ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฌด์„œ์šด ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:35
By 2001, the procedure had evolved considerably,
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2001๋…„ ๋ฌด๋ ต ์ด ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์€ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์ง„ํ™”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ,
04:39
but it still wiped out any natural hearing that you had.
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ด์ „์— ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋˜ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:43
The success rate then for speech comprehension was low,
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์Œ์„ฑ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ณต๋ฅ ๋„ ๋‚ฎ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:47
maybe 50 percent.
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50%๋‚˜ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”.
04:50
So if it didn't work, you couldn't go back.
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์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋”๋ผ๋„ ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ์ „์œผ๋กœ ๋˜๋Œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:53
At that time, implants were also controversial in the Deaf culture.
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๋‹น์‹œ ์ฒญ๊ฐ์žฅ์• ์ธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ด์‹ ์ž์ฒด๋Š” ๋…ผ์Ÿ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:59
Basically, it was considered the equivalent
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์ด์‹ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์€ ๋งˆ์น˜
05:02
of changing the color of your skin.
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ํ”ผ๋ถ€์ƒ‰์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‚˜ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์กŒ์ฃ .
05:04
I held off for a while,
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์ €๋„ ์–ผ๋งˆ๊ฐ„์€ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์„ ๋ฏธ๋ค„๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ,
05:06
but my hearing was going downhill fast,
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์ฒญ๋ ฅ์ด ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๊ฐํ‡ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:10
and hearing aids were no longer helping.
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๋ณด์ฒญ๊ธฐ๋„ ์†Œ์šฉ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๊ณ ์š”.
05:12
So in 2003, I made the tough decision to have the cochlear implant.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 2003๋…„, ์ธ๊ณต ์™€์šฐ ์ด์‹์„ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:18
I just needed to stop that soul-sucking cycle of loss,
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๊ทธ์ € ์ฒญ๋ ฅ ๊ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ฐพ์•„์˜ค๋Š” ๊ธฐ ๋นจ๋ฆผ์„ ๋๋‚ด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:24
regardless of whether the operation worked,
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์ˆ˜์ˆ ์ด ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜๋“  ์‹คํŒจํ•˜๋“  ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด์š”.
05:27
and I really didn't think that it would.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์ด ์ž˜ ๋  ๊ฑฐ๋ž€ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋„ ๋ณ„๋กœ ํ•ด๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:29
I saw it as one last box to check off
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์ œ๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๊ท€๊ฐ€ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „
05:33
before I made the transition to being completely deaf,
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธํ•ด๋ณด๋Š” ์ ˆ์ฐจ์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
05:37
which a part of me wanted.
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๋งˆ์Œ ํ•œ ์ผ ์—์„œ๋Š” ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์•ˆ ๋“ค๋ ค๋„ ์ข‹๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
05:41
Complete silence is very addictive.
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์™„์ „ํ•œ ๊ณ ์š”๋Š” ์ค‘๋…์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
05:45
Maybe you've spent time in a sensory deprivation tank,
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๊ฐ๊ฐ์„ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ํƒฑํฌ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด
05:49
and you know what I mean.
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์ œ ๋ง์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:51
Silence has mind-expanding capabilities.
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์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ๊ณ ์š”๋Š” ์ธ์‹์„ ํ™•์žฅ์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:55
In silence, I see sound.
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๊ทธ ์†์—์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:58
When I watch a music video without sound,
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๋ฎค์ง ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ์—†์ด ๋ณผ ๋•Œ๋„
06:01
I can hear music.
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์Œ์•…์„ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
06:02
In the absence of sound,
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์•„๋ฌด ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋„ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๋•Œ,
06:04
my brain fills in the gaps based on the movement I see.
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์ œ ๋‡Œ๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๋Š” ์›€์ง์ž„์— ๋งž์ถฐ์„œ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฑ„์›๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:09
My mind is no longer competing with the distraction of sound.
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๋” ์ด์ƒ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ •์‹ ์ด ์‚ฐ๋งŒํ•ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:14
It's freed up to think more creatively.
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์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์ƒ๊ฐ์€ ๋” ์ž์œ ๋กœ์›Œ์ง€๊ณ  ์ฐฝ์กฐ์ ์ด ๋˜์ฃ .
06:19
There are advantages to having bionic body parts as well.
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์ธ๊ณต ์‹ ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์žฅ์ ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:23
It's undeniably convenient to be able to hear,
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๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด์„œ๋„
06:26
and I can turn it off any time I want.
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์–ธ์ œ๋“  ์›ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑด ๋‘๋ง ํ•  ๊ฒƒ ์—†์ด ํŽธ๋ฆฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:28
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
06:30
I'm hearing when I need to be, and the rest of the time, I'm not.
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๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋“ฃ๊ณ , ์ด์™ธ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—๋Š” ๋“ฃ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:34
Bionic hearing doesn't age,
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์ธ๊ณต ์ฒญ๋ ฅ์€ ๋…ธํ™”์™€ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์—†์ฃ .
06:36
although external parts sometimes need replacement.
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๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์€ ๊ต์ฒดํ•ด ์ค˜์•ผ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ์š”.
06:40
It would be so cool
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์ง„์งœ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ณด๊ทธ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
06:42
to just automatically regenerate a damaged part like a real cyborg,
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์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ์†์ƒ๋œ ๋ถ€์œ„๋ฅผ ์žฌ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ •๋ง ๋ฉ‹์งˆ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ,
06:47
but I get mine FedExed from Advanced Bionics.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์–ด๋“œ๋ฐด์Šค๋“œ ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค๋‹‰์Šค์‚ฌ์—์„œ ํŽ˜๋ฑ์Šค๋กœ ๋น ๋ฅธ ๋ฐฐ์†ก์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:50
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
06:52
Oh, I get updates
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์•„, ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:55
downloaded into my head.
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์ œ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์— ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œ๋˜์ฃ .
06:58
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
06:59
It's not quite AirDrop -- but close.
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์—์–ด๋“œ๋กญ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ, ๋น„์Šทํ•ด์š”.
07:02
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
07:04
With the cochlear implant,
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์ธ๊ณต ์™€์šฐ ์ด์‹์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
07:05
I can stream music from my iPod into my head without earbuds.
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์ด์–ด๋ฒ„๋“œ ์—†์ด ์•„์ดํŒŸ์˜ ์Œ์•…์„ ์ œ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์†์—์„œ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:11
Recently, I went to a friend's long, tedious concert ...
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์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” ์นœ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ธธ๊ณ  ์ง€๋ฃจํ•œ ์ฝ˜์„œํŠธ์—์„œ...
07:16
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
07:18
and unknown to anyone else,
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์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ
07:20
I listened to the Beatles for three hours instead.
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์„ธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋น„ํ‹€์ฆˆ ์Œ์•…์„ ๋“ค์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
07:23
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
07:24
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
07:31
Technology has come so far so fast.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐœ์ „์€ ๋ˆˆ๋ถ€์‹œ๊ณ  ๋น ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:35
The biggest obstacle I face as a deaf person
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์ฒญ๊ฐ ์žฅ์• ์ธ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๊ฒช๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์€
07:38
is no longer a physical barrier.
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๋” ์ด์ƒ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๋ฐ์„œ ๊ธฐ์ธํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:40
It's the way that people respond to my deafness,
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๊ทธ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:44
the outdated way people respond to my deafness --
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๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•„์ฃผ ๊ตฌ์‹์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘,
07:48
pity, patronization, even anger --
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์—ฐ๋ฏผ, ๋„์›€์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด๋Š” ๋ถ„๋…ธ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐ˜์‘๋ง์ด์ฃ .
07:52
because that just cancels out the human connection
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘๋“ค์€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์œผ๋กœ ์–ป์–ด๋‚ธ
07:56
that technology achieves.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:58
I once had a travel roommate who had a complete temper tantrum,
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์นœ๊ตฌ๋ž‘ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ๊ฐ€์„œ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ฐฉ์„ ์“ฐ๋Š”๋ฐ ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์—ด๋ฐ›์€ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
08:03
because I didn't hear her knocking on the door
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๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์ด ์—ด์‡ ๋กœ ์ž˜ ์—ด๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•„์„œ ๋ฌธ์„ ๋‘๋“œ๋ ธ๋Š”๋ฐ
08:05
when her key didn't work.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ชป ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:07
If I hadn't been there, no problem, she could get another key,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ด์‡ ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”์„ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
08:11
but when she saw that I was there, her anger boiled over.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ดค๊ณ  ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ ๋๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:16
It was no longer about a key.
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๋” ์ด์ƒ ์—ด์‡ ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
08:18
It was about deafness not being a good enough reason
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๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ธ ๊ฑด๋ฐ
์นœ๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ถˆํŽธํ•จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
08:22
for her inconvenience.
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08:24
Or the commercial about the deaf man
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๊ท€๊ฐ€ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋‚จ์ž์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ด‘๊ณ ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:27
whose neighborhood surprised him with sign language messages
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์ด์›ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋กœ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ•˜๋Š”
08:30
from people on the street.
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๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•ด ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋†€๋ผ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
08:33
Everyone who sent me the video told me they cried,
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์ œ๊ฒŒ ์ด ์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ˆˆ๋ฌผ์„ ํ˜๋ ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:36
so I asked them,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:37
"Well, what if he wasn't deaf?
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"์Œ, ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ฒญ๊ฐ ์žฅ์• ์ธ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋ฉด?"
08:39
What if his first language was Spanish,
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"๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ธ๋ฐ"
08:41
and everyone learned Spanish instead?
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"๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šด๋‹ค๋ฉด?"
08:44
Would you have cried?"
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"๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ๋ˆˆ๋ฌผ์ด ๋‚˜?"
08:46
And they all said no.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋‹ค๋“ค ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์ฃ .
08:48
They weren't crying because of the communication barrier,
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์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์˜ ์žฅ๋ฒฝ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ˆˆ๋ฌผ์„ ํ˜๋ ธ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:51
they were crying because the man was deaf.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ˆˆ๋ฌผ์„ ํ˜๋ฆฐ ๊ฑด ์˜์ƒ ์†์˜ ๋‚จ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ฒญ๊ฐ์žฅ์• ์ธ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:54
But I see it differently.
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์ €๋Š” ์ข€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์š”.
08:56
What if the Borg showed up in that video,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์Šคํƒ€ํŠธ๋ ‰์˜ ๋ณด๊ทธ์กฑ์ด ์˜์ƒ์— ๋‚˜์™€์„œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
09:01
and the Borg said, "Deafness is irrelevant."
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"๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑด ๋ถ€์ ์ ˆํ•ด."
09:05
Because that's what they say, right?
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๋ณด๊ทธ์กฑ์€ ์œผ๋ก€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜์ฃ ?
09:07
Everything's "irrelevant."
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"์ „๋ถ€ ๋ถ€์ ์ ˆํ•ด."
09:08
And then the Borg assimilated the deaf guy --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ๋ณด๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ๋‚จ์ž๋ฅผ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ํก์ˆ˜ ๋™ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
09:12
not out of pity, not out of anger,
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์—ฐ๋ฏผ์ด๋ผ๋“ ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„๋…ธ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
09:14
but because he had a biological distinctiveness
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๊ทธ ๋‚จ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ฐพ๋Š”
09:18
that the Borg wanted,
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์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•จ์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—์š”.
09:19
including unique language capabilities.
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ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์–ธ์–ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•ด์„œ์š”.
09:23
I would much rather see that commercial.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋” ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:25
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
09:27
Why does thinking about ability make people so uncomfortable?
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์™œ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ๋ถˆํŽธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
09:32
You might know a play, later a movie,
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ํ›„์— ์˜ํ™”๋กœ๋„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ทน์„ ์•„์‹œ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋„ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:35
called "Children of a Lesser God,"
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'์ž‘์€ ์‹ ์˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค' ์ด๋ž€ ์—ฐ๊ทน์ธ๋ฐ์š”,
09:37
by Mark Medoff.
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๋งˆํฌ ๋ฉ”๋„ํ”„ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:38
That play, that title,
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์ด ์—ฐ๊ทน๊ณผ ์ œ๋ชฉ์€
09:40
actually comes from a poem by Alfred Tennyson,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์•Œํ”„๋ ˆ๋“œ ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ์Šจ์˜ ์‹œ์—์„œ ๋”ฐ์˜จ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
09:44
and I interpret both the play and title
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์ €๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ทน๊ณผ ์ œ๋ชฉ ๋ชจ๋‘
09:47
to say that humans who are perceived as defective
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ํ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง€๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด
09:52
were made by a lesser God
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์ž‘์€ ์‹ ์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ๊ณ 
09:54
and live an inferior existence,
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์—ด๋“ฑํ•œ ์กด์žฌ๋กœ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ„๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:56
while those made by the real God are a superior class,
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์ง„์ •ํ•œ ์‹ ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ์›”ํ•œ ์ทจ๊ธ‰๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์—์š”.
10:02
because God doesn't make mistakes.
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์‹ ์ด ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
10:05
In World War II,
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์ œ 2์ฐจ ๋Œ€์ „ ๋‹น์‹œ,
10:06
an estimated 275,000 people with disabilities
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์•ฝ 27๋งŒ 5์ฒœ ๋ช…์˜ ์žฅ์• ์ธ๋“ค์ด
10:11
were murdered in special death camps,
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ํŠน๋ณ„ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์†Œ์—์„œ ์‚ดํ•ด๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:14
because they didn't fit Hitler's vision of a superior race.
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ํžˆํ‹€๋Ÿฌ์˜ ๋น„์ „ ์† ์šฐ์›”ํ•œ ์ข…์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
10:19
Hitler said that he was inspired by the United States,
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ํžˆํ‹€๋Ÿฌ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:24
which had enacted involuntary sterilization laws for "the unfit"
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์ด๋Ÿฐ "๋งž์ง€์•Š๋Š”" ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
1900๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดˆ ๋น„ ์ž๋ฐœ์ ์ธ ๋‹จ์ข… ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์ •ํ•œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์š”.
10:30
in the early 1900s.
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10:33
That practice continued in more than 30 states until the '70s,
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์ด๋Š” 70๋…„๋Œ€๊นŒ์ง€ 30๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ฃผ์—์„œ ์žํ–‰๋˜์–ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:38
with the last law finally repealed in 2003.
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2003๋…„๋„์— ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฒ•์ด ํ์ง€๋˜์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
10:43
So the world is not that far removed from Tennyson's poem.
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์„ธ์ƒ์€ ํ…Œ๋„ค์‹œ์˜ ์‹œ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:48
That tendency to make assumptions about people based on ability
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๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ€์ • ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์€
10:53
comes out in sentences like
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:55
"You're so special," "I couldn't live like that"
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"๋„Œ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•ด. ๋‚œ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฑฐ์•ผ."
10:59
or "Thank God that's not me."
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"์‹ ์ด์‹œ์–ด, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ง๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
11:04
Changing how people think is like getting them to break a habit.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์Šต๊ด€์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:08
Before the implant, I had stopped using the voice telephone
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์ด์‹ ์ด์ „์— ์ €๋Š” ์ „ํ™” ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋‘๊ณ 
11:13
and switched to email,
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์ด๋ฉ”์ผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ,
11:14
but people kept leaving me voice mail.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ณ„์† ์Œ์„ฑ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด์š”.
11:17
They were upset that I was unreachable by phone
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
11:20
and not returning messages.
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๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€์— ์‘๋‹ตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:22
I continued to tell them my situation.
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์ œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
11:26
It took them months to adapt.
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์ ์‘ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ˆ˜ ๊ฐœ์›”์ด ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์–ด์š”.
11:29
Fast-forward 10 years,
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์ง€๋‚œ 10๋…„ ๊ฐ„,
11:31
and you know who else hated voice mail?
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๋˜ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์Œ์„ฑ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‹ซ์–ดํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•„์„ธ์š”?
11:34
Millennials.
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๋ฐ€๋ ˆ๋‹ˆ์–ผ์„ธ๋Œ€์ฃ .
11:35
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
11:38
And you know what they did?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
11:40
They normalized texting for communication instead.
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๋ฌธ์ž๊ฐ€ ์†Œํ†ต์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
11:44
Now, when it comes to ignoring voice mail,
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์ด์ œ ์Œ์„ฑ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€์— ์‘๋‹ตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„
11:48
it no longer matters whether you're deaf or just self-absorbed.
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๊ท€๊ฐ€ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋“  ์ž๊ธฐ ๋™ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋“  ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ด€์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:52
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
11:55
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
12:02
Millennials changed how people think about messaging.
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๋ฐ€๋ ˆ๋‹ˆ์–ผ ์„ธ๋Œ€๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”๋†“์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:06
They reset the default.
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๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์žฌ์ •๋ฆฝํ–ˆ์ฃ .
12:08
Can I just tell you how much I love texting?
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์ž๋ฅผ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•„์„ธ์š”?
12:11
Oh, and group texts.
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๋‹จ์ฒด ์ฑ„ํŒ…๋„์š”.
12:14
I have six siblings --
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์ €๋Š” ํ˜•์ œ์ž๋งค๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์„ฏ์ธ๋ฐ,
12:17
they're all hearing,
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๋‹ค ์ž˜ ๋“ฃ๊ณ ์š”.
12:18
but I don't think any less of them.
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๊ทธ์น˜๋งŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋”ฑํžˆ ๋’ค๋–จ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ์•ˆํ•ด์š”.
12:21
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
12:22
And we all text.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ž๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:24
Do you know how thrilling it is
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•„์„ธ์š”?
12:26
to have a visual means of communication that everyone else actually uses?
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๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”, ๋ˆˆ์— ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์ˆ˜๋‹จ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์š”.
12:31
So I am on a mission now.
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์ œ๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ž„๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:34
As a consumer of technology,
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋กœ์„œ,
12:37
I want visual options whenever there's audio.
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์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ณต๋˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ๋ณด๋Š” ์„ ํƒ์ง€๋„ ์ œ๊ณต๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:40
It doesn't matter whether I'm deaf
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฒญ๊ฐ ์žฅ์• ์ธ์ธ์ง€
12:42
or don't want to wake the baby.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ž๋Š” ์•„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊นจ์šฐ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€์™€๋Š” ์ƒ๊ด€ ์—†์ด์š”.
12:44
Both are equally valid.
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๋‘˜๋‹ค ์ข‹์€ ์ด์œ ์ด์ฃ .
12:46
Smart designers
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์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ๋“ค์€
12:48
include multiple ways to access technology,
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ์ ‘๊ทผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋””์ž์ธ์— ํฌํ•จ์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:52
but segregating that access under "accessibility" --
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ "์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ"์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
12:58
that's just hiding it from mainstream users.
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์ฃผ๋ฅ˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ์„ ํƒ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ˆจ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์ง€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:01
In order to change how people think,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ ค๋ฉด
13:04
we need to be more than accessible,
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์ ‘๊ทผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋„˜์–ด
13:06
we need to be connected.
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์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:08
Apple did this recently.
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์• ํ”Œ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ด๋ฅผ ์‹คํ˜„ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
13:11
On my iPhone, it automatically displays a visual transcript
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์ œ ์•„์ดํฐ์€ ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ
์Œ์„ฑ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฌธ์ž๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:15
of my voice mail,
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13:16
right next to the audio button.
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์˜ค๋””์˜ค ๋ฒ„ํŠผ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์˜†์—์š”.
13:18
I couldn't turn it off even if I wanted to.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋„๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด๋„ ์ด ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๋„์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:21
You know what else?
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๋˜ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
13:22
Netflix, Hulu, Amazon Prime no longer say
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๋„ทํ”Œ๋ฆญ์Šค, ํ›Œ๋ฃจ, ์•„๋งˆ์กด ํ”„๋ผ์ž„์—๋Š”
"์ฒญ๊ฐ ์žฅ์• ์ธ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ž๋ง‰"์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:27
"Closed-captioned for the hearing impaired."
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13:29
They say "subtitles," "on" or "off,"
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ " ์ž๋ง‰", "์ผœ๊ธฐ" ๋˜๋Š” "๋„๊ธฐ" ๋ฟ์ด์ฃ .
13:33
with a list of languages underneath, including English.
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์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์–ธ์–ด์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜์š”.
13:38
Technology has come so far.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๋น„์•ฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:40
Our mindset just needs to catch up.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋งŒ ๊ทธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:44
"Resistance is futile."
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"์ €ํ•ญํ•ด๋„ ์†Œ์šฉ์—†๋‹ค."
13:46
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
13:48
You have been assimilated.
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"๋„ˆํฌ๋“ค์€ ๋™ํ™”๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค."
13:49
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
13:51
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:52
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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