The rapid growth of the Chinese internet -- and where it's headed | Gary Liu

127,553 views ・ 2018-08-06

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Chan-Hong Park κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:12
Once every 12 months,
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12κ°œμ›”μ— ν•œ λ²ˆμ”©
00:14
the world's largest human migration happens in China.
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쀑ꡭ에선 세계 μ΅œλŒ€ 규λͺ¨μ˜ 인ꡬ 이동이 μΌμ–΄λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:18
Over the 40-day travel period of Chinese New Year,
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μƒˆν•΄λ₯Ό λ§žμ΄ν•΄ 40일이 λ„˜λŠ” κΈ°κ°„ λ™μ•ˆ
00:21
three billion trips are taken,
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30μ–΅ λͺ…이 여행길에 올라
00:24
as families reunite and celebrate.
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κ°€μ‘±κ³Ό μž¬νšŒν•΄ μƒˆν•΄λ₯Ό μΆ•ν•˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:26
Now, the most strenuous of these trips are taken
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이 여행이 κ°€μž₯ νž˜λ“  μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€
00:28
by the country's 290 million migrant workers,
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2μ–΅ 9천만 λͺ…μ˜ μ΄μ£Όλ…Έλ™μžλ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:32
for many of whom this is the one chance a year
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ€ 일년에 단 ν•œ 번
00:34
to go home and see parents and their left-behind children.
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κ³ ν–₯을 λ°©λ¬Έν•΄ λΆ€λͺ¨μ™€ μžμ‹μ„ λ§Œλ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:39
But the travel options are very limited;
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ΄λ“€μ˜ μ—¬ν–‰μˆ˜λ‹¨μ€ 맀우 μ œν•œμ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:42
plane tickets cost nearly half of their monthly salary.
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λΉ„ν–‰κΈ° 값은 μ›”κΈ‰μ˜ λ°˜μ΄λ‚˜ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:45
So most of them, they choose the train.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ€ κΈ°μ°¨λ₯Ό μ„ νƒν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:48
Their average journey is 700 kilometers.
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μ΄λ“€μ˜ 평균 μ—¬ν–‰κ±°λ¦¬λŠ” 700km이고
00:50
The average travel time is 15 and a half hours.
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평균 μ—¬ν–‰μ‹œκ°„μ€ 15μ‹œκ°„ 30λΆ„ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:53
And the country's tracks now have to handle 390 million travelers
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κΈ°μ°¨λŠ” 3μ–΅ 9천만 λͺ…μ˜ 여행객을 μš΄λ°˜ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:58
every Spring Festival.
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맀년 μΆ˜μΆ”μ ˆλ§ˆλ‹€ 말이죠.
01:00
Until recently,
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μ΅œκ·ΌκΉŒμ§€λ§Œν•΄λ„
01:02
migrant workers would have to queue for long hours -- sometimes days --
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μ΄μ£Όλ…Έλ™μžλ“€μ€ κΈ°μ°¨ν‘œλ₯Ό 사기 μœ„ν•΄ λͺ‡ μ‹œκ°„ λ™μ•ˆ 쀄을 μ„œμ•Ό ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:05
just to buy tickets,
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심지어 며칠을 κΈ°λ‹€λ¦¬κΈ°κ±°λ‚˜
01:07
often only to be fleeced by scalpers.
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μ’…μ’… μ•”ν‘œμƒμ—κ²Œ 바가지λ₯Ό 쓰기도 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:10
And they still had to deal with near-stampede conditions
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κ²Œλ‹€κ°€ 좜발 λ‹ΉμΌμ—λŠ” λͺ°λ €λ“œλŠ” 인파 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
01:14
when travel day finally arrived.
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μ—¬μ „νžˆ 고생을 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:16
But technology has started to ease this experience.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ³Όν•™κΈ°μˆ μ΄ 이런 문제λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:19
Mobile and digital tickets now account for 70 percent of sales,
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λͺ¨λ°”일과 디지털 티켓이 νŒλ§€λŸ‰μ˜ 70%λ₯Ό μ°¨μ§€ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜λ©΄μ„œ
01:22
greatly reducing the lines at train stations.
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κΈ°μ°¨μ—­μ—μ„œ ν‘œλ₯Ό μ‚¬λŠ” 쀄이 λŒ€ν­ μ€„μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:25
Digital ID scanners have replaced manual checks,
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디지털 ID μŠ€μΊλ„ˆλŠ” μˆ˜μž‘μ—…μ„ λŒ€μ‹  ν•΄
01:27
expediting the boarding process,
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νƒ‘μŠΉμˆ˜μ†μ„ μ‹ μ†ν•˜κ²Œ ν–ˆκ³ 
01:29
and artificial intelligence is deployed across the network
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λ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬μ— 적용된 인곡지λŠ₯은
01:32
to optimize travel routes.
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μ—¬ν–‰ 노선을 μ΅œμ ν™”ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:34
New solutions have been invented.
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 해결책이 발λͺ…λœ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:37
China's largest taxi-hailing platform, called Didi Chuxing,
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쀑ꡭ μ΅œλŒ€μ˜ νƒμ‹œ 호좜 ν”Œλž«νΌμΈ λ””λ”” 좔싱은
01:41
launched a new service called Hitch,
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νžˆμΉ˜λΌλŠ” μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ„œλΉ„μŠ€λ₯Ό μΆœμ‹œν–ˆλŠ”λ°
01:43
which matches car owners who are driving home
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일반 μš΄μ „μžμ™€ μž₯거리 이동을 μ›ν•˜λŠ” μŠΉκ°μ„
01:46
with passengers looking for long-distance routes.
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μ—°κ²°ν•΄μ£ΌλŠ” μ„œλΉ„μŠ€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:49
In just its third year,
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μΆœμ‹œν•œμ§€ 뢈과 3λ…„ λ§Œμ—
01:50
Hitch served 30 million trips in this past holiday season,
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μ§€λ‚œ λͺ…μ ˆ μ—°νœ΄ κΈ°κ°„μ—λŠ” 3000만 건의 여정을 κ³΅μœ ν–ˆκ³ 
01:54
the longest of which was further than 1,500 miles.
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κ°€μž₯ κΈ΄ 여행은 2,400kmλ₯Ό λ„˜λŠ” κ±°λ¦¬μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:57
That's about the distance from Miami to Boston.
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λ§ˆμ΄μ• λ―Έμ—μ„œ λ³΄μŠ€ν†€κΉŒμ§€μ˜ 거리죠.
02:01
This enormous need of migrant workers has powered fast upgrade and innovation
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이 같은 μ΄μ£Όλ…Έλ™μžμ˜ κ±°λŒ€ν•œ μˆ˜μš”λŠ” κ΅­κ°€ μš΄μ†‘μ²΄κ³„μ˜ κ°œμ„ κ³Ό ν˜μ‹ μ—
02:06
across the country's transport systems.
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λ°•μ°¨λ₯Ό κ°€ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:09
Now, the Chinese internet has developed in both familiar and unfamiliar ways.
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ν˜„μž¬ μ€‘κ΅­μ˜ 인터넷은 μΉœλ°€ν•˜λ©΄μ„œλ„ λ‚―μ„  λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ λ°œμ „λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:14
Just like in Silicon Valley,
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μ‹€λ¦¬μ½˜ 밸리처럼 말이죠.
02:16
some of the seismic shifts in technology and consumer behavior
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κ³Όν•™κΈ°μˆ κ³Ό μ†ŒλΉ„μžν–‰λ™μ—μ„œμ˜ 지각변동 μΌλΆ€λŠ”
02:19
have been driven by academic research,
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ν•™μˆ  μ—°κ΅¬λ‚˜ κΈ°μ—… μš•κ΅¬μ— μ˜ν•΄ μ£Όλ„λ˜μ–΄ μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:22
have been driven by enterprise desires,
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02:23
with the whims of privilege and youth sprinkled in every once in a while.
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μ΄λ”°κΈˆ νŠΉκΆŒμΈ΅μ΄λ‚˜ μ Šμ€μΈ΅μ˜ μ„ ν˜Έκ°€ κ°€λ―Έλ˜κΈ°λ„ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:28
I am a product of the American tech industry,
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μ €λŠ” λ―Έκ΅­ κ³Όν•™κΈ°μˆ μ‚°μ—…μ˜ μ‚°λ¬Όμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€,
02:30
both as a consumer and a corporate leader.
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μ†ŒλΉ„μžλ‘œμ„œ λ˜ν•œ κΈ°μ—… λ¦¬λ”λ‘œμ„œμš”.
02:33
So I am well acquainted with this type of fuel.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ „ 이런 ν˜„μƒμ— μ•„μ£Ό μ΅μˆ™ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:36
But about a year and a half ago,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 일 λ…„ 반 μ „,
02:38
I moved from my home in New York City to Hong Kong
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제 집인 λ‰΄μš•μ„ λ– λ‚˜ ν™μ½©μœΌλ‘œ μ΄μ£Όν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:40
to become the CEO of the South China Morning Post.
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μ‚¬μš°μŠ€ μ°¨μ΄λ‚˜ λͺ¨λ‹ 포슀트의 CEO둜 μž„λͺ…이 λ˜μ—ˆμ£ .
02:43
And from this new vantage point,
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이 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μžλ¦¬μ—μ„œ
02:46
I've observed something that is far less familiar to me,
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μ „ μ•„μ£Ό λ‚―μ„  것을 λͺ©κ²©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:49
propelling so much of China's innovation and many of its entrepreneurs.
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λ°”λ‘œ μ€‘κ΅­μ˜ ν˜μ‹ κ³Ό μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ 기업에 λŒ€ν•œ 좔진λ ₯μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:55
It is an overwhelming need economy
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μ€‘κ΅­μ˜ κ²½κΈ°λ²ˆμ˜μ—μ„œ
02:57
that is serving an underprivileged populous,
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30λ…„ κ°„ μ†Œμ™Έλ˜μ—ˆλ˜ 계측을 μœ„ν•œλ‹€λŠ”
03:00
which has been separated for 30 years from China's economic boom.
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λ―Έλ£° 수 μ—†λŠ” ν•„μš”μ„±μœΌλ‘œ 인해 λ°œμ „λœ κ²½μ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:05
The stark gaps that exist between the rich and the poor,
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λΆ€μžμ™€ κ°€λ‚œν•œ 자,
03:09
between urban and rural
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λ„μ‹œμ™€ 지방,
03:10
or the academic and the unschooled --
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배운 μžμ™€ λͺ» 배운 자
03:13
these gaps, they form a soil
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μ΄λ“€κ°„μ˜ κ·Ήλͺ…ν•œ μ°¨μ΄λŠ”
03:16
that's ready for some incredible empowerment.
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힘이 μ΄λ™ν•˜λŠ” κΈ°λ³Έ 토양이 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:19
So when capital and investment become focused on the needs of people
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자본과 νˆ¬μžκ°€ κ²½μ œκ΅¬μ‘°μ—μ„œμ˜
03:23
who are hanging to the bottom rungs of an economic ladder,
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μ΅œν•˜μœ„κ³„μΈ΅μ— μ§‘μ€‘λ˜λ©΄
03:27
that's when we start to see the internet truly become a job creator,
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λΉ„λ‘œμ†Œ 인터넷이 일자리λ₯Ό μ°½μΆœν•˜κ³ 
03:32
an education enabler
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ꡐ윑 ν˜œνƒμ„ μ œκ³΅ν•˜λŠ” λ“±
03:34
and in many other ways, a path forward.
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μ—¬λŸ¬ 방면을 이끌 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:37
Of course, China is not the only place where this alternative fuel exists,
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λ¬Όλ‘  이런 λŒ€μ•ˆμ΄ μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ 곳이
03:41
nor the only place where it is possible.
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κΌ­ μ€‘κ΅­λ§ŒμΈ 것은 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:44
But because of the country's sheer scale and status as a rising superpower,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ΅­κ°€ 규λͺ¨λ‚˜ μ΄ˆκ°•λŒ€κ΅­μœΌλ‘œ λΆ€μƒν•˜λŠ” μ§€μœ„λ‘œ 인해
03:48
the needs of its population have created an opportunity
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μ€‘κ΅­μΈμ˜ μš•κ΅¬λŠ” μ•„μ£Ό κ°•λ ₯ν•œ 영ν–₯을 끼칠 수 μžˆλŠ”
03:51
for truly compelling impact.
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기회λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:55
When explaining the rapid growth of the Chinese tech industry,
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쀑ꡭ κΈ°μˆ μ‚°μ—…μ˜ κΈ‰μ„±μž₯에 λŒ€ν•΄ λ…Όν•  λ•Œ
03:58
many observers will cite two reasons.
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λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 두 가지λ₯Ό μ–ΈκΈ‰ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:01
The first is the 1.4 billion people that call China home.
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첫 λ²ˆμ§ΈλŠ” 14μ–΅ λͺ…μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 쀑ꡭ을 λͺ¨κ΅­μœΌλ‘œ μ—¬κΈ΄λ‹€λŠ” 것이고
04:05
The second is the government's active participation --
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두 λ²ˆμ§ΈλŠ” μ€‘κ΅­μ •λΆ€μ˜ 적극적인 참여인데
04:08
or pervasive intervention, depending on how you view it.
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관점에 따라 λ§Œμ—°ν•œ 간섭이라고 ν•  μˆ˜λ„ 있겠죠
04:12
Now, the central authorities have spent heavily on network infrastructure
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μ€‘μ•™μ •λΆ€λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬ 해에 걸쳐 λ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬ κΈ°λ°˜μ‹œμ„€ ꡬ좕에
04:16
over the years,
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큰 곡을 λ“€μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:17
creating an attractive environment for investment.
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νˆ¬μžμžκ°€ λͺ°λ¦΄ 수 μžˆλŠ” ν™˜κ²½μ„ λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:19
At the same time, they've insisted on standards and regulation,
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그와 λ™μ‹œμ— κ·œμ œλ„ μ§€μ†ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨
04:23
which has led to fast consensus and therefore, fast adoption.
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여둠을 ν†΅ν•©ν–ˆκ³  λΉ λ₯Έ 결정을 μ΄λŒμ–΄λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:27
The world's largest pool of tech talent exists
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세계 졜고의 쀑ꡭ κ³Όν•™κΈ°μˆ μ˜ 잠재λ ₯은
04:30
because of the abundance of educational incentives.
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전폭적인 ꡐ윑μž₯λ €μ±… λ•λΆ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:33
And local, domestic companies, in the past, have been protected
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κ³Όκ±° ꡭ내기업은 μ •λΆ€μ˜ μ‹œμž₯ 견제λ₯Ό 톡해
04:37
from international competition
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ꡭ제 κ²½μŸμœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° 보호 λ°›μ•„μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:39
by market controls.
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04:41
Of course, you cannot observe the Chinese internet
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λ¬Όλ‘  μ€‘κ΅­μ—μ„œ 인터넷 상
04:44
without finding widespread censorship
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κ΄‘λ²”μœ„ν•œ κ²€μ—΄κ³Ό
04:46
and very serious concerns about dystopian monitoring.
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λͺ¨λ‹ˆν„°λ§μ„ ν†΅ν•œ κ°μ‹œμ— λŒ€ν•œ 우렀λ₯Ό κ°„κ³Όν•  μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:49
As an example:
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄
04:51
China is in the process of rolling out a social credit rating
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쀑ꡭ은 μ „ ꡭ민을 λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ
04:54
that will cover its entire population,
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μ •μ§μ΄λ‚˜ μ„±μ‹€μ„± 같은
04:56
rewarding and restricting citizens,
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도덕적 κ°€μΉ˜μ— κΈ°λ°˜ν•΄
04:59
based on highly qualitative characteristics
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μƒλ²Œμ„ μ£ΌλŠ”
05:01
like honesty and integrity.
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μ‚¬νšŒμ‹ μš©λ“±κΈ‰μ„ μ€€λΉ„μ€‘μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:04
At the same time,
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λ™μ‹œμ—
05:06
China is deploying facial recognition
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쀑ꡭ은 얼꡴을 인식할 수 μžˆλŠ”
05:08
across many of its 170 million closed-circuit cameras.
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1μ–΅ 7천만 λŒ€μ˜ CCTVλ₯Ό μ„€μΉ˜ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:13
Artificial intelligence is being used to predict crime and terrorism
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지속적인 κ°μ‹œ μ•„λž˜ 이슬람 μ†Œμˆ˜μ§‘λ‹¨μ΄ κ±°μ£Όν•˜λŠ”
05:17
in Xinjiang province,
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μ‹ μž₯μ—μ„œλŠ”
05:19
where the Muslim minority is already under constant surveillance.
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인곡지λŠ₯이 범죄와 ν…ŒλŸ¬μ˜ˆλ°©μ„ μœ„ν•΄ μ‚¬μš©λ˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:24
Yet, the internet has continued to grow, and it is so big --
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 인터넷은 계속 μ„±μž₯ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:28
much bigger than I think most of us realize.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μƒμƒν•˜λŠ” κ·Έ μ΄μƒμœΌλ‘œ κ±°λŒ€ν•˜κ²Œ 말이죠.
05:31
By the end of 2017,
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2017λ…„ 말,
05:33
the Chinese internet population had reached 772 million users.
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μ€‘κ΅­μ˜ 인터넷 μ‚¬μš© μΈκ΅¬λŠ” 7μ–΅ 7천 2백만 λͺ…에 λ‹¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:37
That's larger than the populations of the United States, Russia,
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μ΄λŠ” λ―Έκ΅­κ³Ό λŸ¬μ‹œμ•„μ˜ 인ꡬλ₯Ό λ”ν•œ 것보닀 많고
05:40
of Germany, of the United Kingdom, of France and Canada combined.
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λ…μΌμ΄λ‚˜ 영ꡭ 보닀, ν”„λž‘μŠ€μ™€ μΊλ‚˜λ‹€μ˜ 인ꡬλ₯Ό λ”ν•œ 것보닀 λ§ŽμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:44
Ninety-eight percent of them are active on mobile.
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κ·Έλ“€ 쀑 98%λŠ” λͺ¨λ°”일을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ³ 
05:47
Ninety-two percent of them use messaging apps.
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또 그쀑 92%λŠ” λ©”μ‹œμ§€ 앱을 μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:49
There are now 650 million digital news consumers,
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μ§€κΈˆμ€ 6μ–΅ 5천만 λͺ…μ˜ 디지털 λ‰΄μŠ€ κ΅¬λ…μžκ°€ 있고
05:53
580 million digital video consumers,
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5μ–΅ 8천만 λͺ…이 디지털 λΉ„λ””μ˜€λ₯Ό μ‹œμ²­ν•˜κ³  있으며
05:56
and the country's largest e-commerce platform, Taobao,
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쀑ꡭ μ΅œλŒ€μ˜ μ „μžμƒκ±°λž˜ ν”Œλž«νΌμΈ νƒ€μ˜€λ°”μ˜€λŠ”
05:59
now boasts 580 million monthly active users.
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μ›” 5μ–΅ 8천만 λͺ…μ˜ 이용자λ₯Ό λ½λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:03
It's about 80 percent larger than Amazon.
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μ•„λ§ˆμ‘΄ μ΄μš©μžλ³΄λ‹€ 80%λ‚˜ 더 λ§Žμ€ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:06
On-demand travel, between bikes and cars,
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μžμ „κ±°μ—μ„œ μžλ™μ°¨μ— 이λ₯΄κΈ°κΉŒμ§€
06:09
now accounts for 10 billion trips a year in China.
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쀑ꡭ에선 μ—°κ°„ 100μ–΅ 건의 μ£Όλ¬Έν˜• 여행이 ν–‰ν•΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:13
That's two-thirds of all trips taken around the world.
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μ΄λŠ” μ „ 세계 μ—¬ν–‰ 건수의 2/3에 ν•΄λ‹Ήν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:17
So it's a very mixed bag.
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 양면성을 가지기도 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:20
The internet exists in a restricted, arguably manipulated form within China,
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λΆ„λͺ… 쀑ꡭ에선 인터넷 정보가 ν†΅μ œλ˜κ³  μ‘°μž‘λ˜κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:25
yet it is massive and has vastly improved the lives of its citizens.
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κ·ΈλŸΌμ—λ„ 인터넷 덕뢄에 μ€‘κ΅­μΈμ˜ 삢은 μ•„μ£Ό 크게 ν–₯μƒν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:30
So even in its imperfection,
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κ·Έλ ‡κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 이런 결점을 이유둜
06:32
the growth of the Chinese internet should not be dismissed,
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쀑ꡭ μΈν„°λ„·μ˜ μ„±μž₯을 λ¬΄μ‹œν•΄μ„  μ•ˆ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:35
and it's worthy of our closer examination.
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더 μžμ„Ένžˆ κ²€ν† ν•  κ°€μΉ˜κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:39
Let me tell you two other stories today.
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두 가지 μ–˜κΈ°λ₯Ό 더 ν•΄λ“œλ¦¬μ£ .
06:41
Luo Zhaoliu is a 34-year-old engineer from Jiangxi province.
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μž₯μ‹œμ„±μ— μ‚¬λŠ” 34μ‚΄μ˜ 루였 μžμ˜€λ¦¬μš°λŠ” μ—”μ§€λ‹ˆμ–΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:45
Now, his home region used to be extremely important to the Communist party
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그의 κ³ ν–₯은 κ³΅μ‚°λ‹Ήμ—κ²Œ 맀우 μ€‘μš”ν•œ μž₯μ†Œμ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:49
because this was the birthplace of the Red Army.
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μ™œλƒλ©΄ λ°”λ‘œ 쀑ꡭ ν™κ΅°μ˜ 탄생지이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:52
But over the decades, because of its separation
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μˆ˜μ‹­ λ…„κ°„
06:54
from the economic and manufacturing centers of the country,
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κ²½μ œμ™€ κ³΅μ—…μ€‘μ‹¬μ§€λ‘œλΆ€ν„° μ†Œμ™Έλ˜μ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
06:57
it has slid into irrelevance.
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점차 κ΄€μ‹¬μ—μ„œ μ‚¬λΌμ Έκ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:59
Luo, like so many in his generation, left home at a young age
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λ˜λž˜λ“€κ³Ό λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λ‘œ λ£¨μ˜€λŠ” λŒ€λ„μ‹œμ—μ„œ 일을 μ°ΎκΈ° μœ„ν•΄
07:03
to look for work in a major city.
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집을 λ– λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:05
He ended up in Shenzhen, which is one of China's tech hubs.
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κ·ΈλŠ” μ€‘κ΅­μ˜ μ²¨λ‹¨κΈ°μˆ  쀑심지 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μΈ 선전에 이λ₯΄κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:08
As the young migrate,
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μ Šμ€μ΄λ“€μ΄ λ– λ‚˜λ©΄μ„œ
07:10
these rural villages are left with only elderly,
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μ‹œκ³¨μ—λŠ” λ…ΈμΈλ“€λ§Œ 남아
07:13
who are really struggling to elevate themselves above abject poverty.
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κ·Ήμ‹¬ν•œ κ°€λ‚œμ—μ„œ λ²—μ–΄λ‚˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ ν•„μ‚¬μ μœΌλ‘œ λ…Έλ ₯ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:17
After nine years, Luo decided to return to Jiangxi in 2017,
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9λ…„ 후인 2017λ…„ λ£¨μ˜€λŠ” κ³ ν–₯으둜 λŒμ•„κ°€κΈ°λ‘œ κ²°μ‹¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:22
because he believed that the booming e-commerce marketplace in China
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μ€‘κ΅­μ—μ„œ ν•œμ°½ μœ ν–‰ν•˜λ˜ μ „μžμƒκ±°λž˜ μ‹œμž₯이
07:25
could help him revive his village.
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μžμ‹ μ˜ κ³ ν–₯을 λΆ€ν₯μ‹œν‚¬ 수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  λ―Ώμ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:28
Like many rural communities,
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λ‹€λ₯Έ λ§Žμ€ μ‹œκ³¨μ§€μ—­μ΄
07:30
Luo's home specialized in a very specific provincial craft --
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지역 νŠΉμƒ‰μ΄ μžˆλŠ” κ³΅μ˜ˆν’ˆμ„ μƒμ‚°ν•˜λ“― 루였의 집도 νŠΉλ³„ν•œ 것을 λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆλŠ”λ°
07:34
making fermented bean curd, in this case.
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λ°”λ‘œ μ·¨λ‘λΆ€μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:37
So he started a small factory
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ κ·ΈλŠ” μž‘μ€ 곡μž₯을 μ„Έμ›Œ
07:40
and started selling his locally made goods online.
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온라인으둜 취두뢀λ₯Ό νŒ”κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:43
There have been many years of consumption growth
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μˆ˜λ…„κ°„ 쀑ꡭ λŒ€λ„μ‹œ μ „μ—­μ—μ„œ
07:45
across China's major cities.
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μˆ˜μš”κ°€ μ¦κ°€ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:47
But recently, technology has been driving an explosion in craft goods sales
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 졜근 κΈ°μˆ λ°œμ „μœΌλ‘œ 인해 쀑ꡭ 쀑산측을 λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ
07:51
among China's middle and upper classes.
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κ³΅μ˜ˆν’ˆ νŒλ§€κ°€ κΈ‰μ¦ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:53
WeChat and other e-commerce platforms allow rural producers
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μœ„μ±—μ„ λΉ„λ‘―ν•œ μ „μžμƒκ±°λž˜ ν”Œλž«νΌλ“€μ€ 지역 μƒμ‚°μžλ“€μ΄
07:57
to market and sell their goods
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기쑴의 μœ ν†΅ 지역을 λ²—μ–΄λ‚˜
07:58
far beyond their original distribution areas.
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μƒν’ˆ νŒλ§€κ°€ κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ„λ‘ λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:02
Research companies actually track this impact
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쑰사기관이 이 μ»€λ‹€λž€ 영ν–₯을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ 건
08:05
by counting what is called "Taobao villages."
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λ°”λ‘œ νƒ€μ˜€λ°”μ˜€ λ§ˆμ„μ˜ 숫자λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•΄μ„œμ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:07
This is any rural village where at least 10 percent of its households
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이 λ§ˆμ„μ€ ν•œ μ§€μ—­μ˜ λͺ¨λ“  μ„ΈλŒ€ 쀑 10% 이상이
08:11
are selling goods online and making a certain amount of revenue.
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온라인 판맀둜 일정 μˆ˜μž…μ„ κ±°λ‘λŠ” 곳을 λ§ν•˜λŠ”λ°
08:14
And the growth has been significant in the last few years.
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μ§€λ‚œ λͺ‡ λ…„κ°„ κ΄„λͺ©ν•  λ§Œν•œ μ„±μž₯을 μ΄λ€˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:18
There were just 20 Taobao villages in 2013,
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2013λ…„μ—λŠ” 20곳에 λΆˆκ³Όν–ˆλ˜ νƒ€μ˜€λ°”μ˜€ λ§ˆμ„μ€
08:21
212 in 2014,
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2014λ…„ 212κ³³,
08:23
780 in 2015,
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2015λ…„ 780κ³³,
08:25
1,300 in 2016
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2016λ…„ 1,300κ³³,
08:27
and over 2,100 at the end of 2017.
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2017λ…„ λ§μ—λŠ” 2,100곳을 λ„˜μ–΄μ„°μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:30
They now account for nearly half a million active online stores,
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μ§€κΈˆμ€ 거의 50만 개의 온라인 상점을 μ°¨μ§€ν•˜λ©°
08:34
19 billion dollars in annual sales
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μ—°κ°„ 190μ–΅ λ‹¬λŸ¬μ˜ μˆ˜μ΅μ„ 거두고
08:37
and 1.3 million new jobs created.
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130만 개의 μƒˆ 일자리λ₯Ό μ°½μΆœν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:41
In Luo's first year back home, he was able to employ 15 villagers.
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λ£¨μ˜€λŠ” 집에 λŒμ•„μ˜¨ 첫 해에 λ§ˆμ„μ£Όλ―Ό 15λͺ…을 κ³ μš©ν•΄
08:45
And he sold about 60,000 units of fermented bean curd.
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μ•½ 6만 개의 취두뢀λ₯Ό νŒ”μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:49
He expects to hire 30 more people in the next year,
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μˆ˜μš”κ°€ 급증해 λ‚΄λ…„μ—λŠ” 30λͺ…을 더 κ³ μš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μ˜ˆμƒν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:52
as his demand rapidly rises.
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08:55
There are 60 million left-behind children scattered across China's rural landscape.
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μ€‘κ΅­μ˜ μ§€λ°©μ—λŠ” 6천만 λͺ…μ˜ 버림 받은 아이듀이
09:01
And they grow up with at least one parent far away from home,
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κ³ ν–₯을 λ– λ‚˜ νŽΈλΆ€λͺ¨ λ°‘μ—μ„œ 자라
09:04
as a migrant worker.
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μ΄μ£Όλ…Έλ™μžκ°€ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:06
Alongside all the general hardships of rural life,
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μ‹œκ³¨μƒν™œμ˜ 일반적인 어렀움 외에도
09:09
they often have to travel vast and dangerous distances
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아이듀은 학ꡐ에 κ°€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ•„μ£Ό 멀고도 μœ„ν—˜ν•œ 길을 λ‚˜μ„œμ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:12
just to get to school.
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09:13
They account for 30 percent
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이런 아이듀이 μ΄ˆλ“±ν•™μƒκ³Ό κ³ λ“±ν•™μƒμ˜ 30%λ₯Ό μ°¨μ§€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:15
of the country's primary and high school students.
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09:18
Ten-year-old Chang Wenxuan is one of these students.
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10살인 μ°½ 원쉬엔은 이런 학생듀 쀑 ν•œ λͺ…μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:22
He walks an hour each way every single day to school,
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맀일 κ°€λŠ” 데만 1μ‹œκ°„μ΄ κ±Έλ € κ°€νŒŒλ₯Έ ν˜‘κ³‘μ„ μ§€λ‚˜
09:26
across these deep ravines, in an isolated landscape.
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외진 곳에 μžˆλŠ” 학ꡐ에 κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:30
But when he arrives at the small farming village in Gansu province,
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κ°„μ‘€μ„±μ˜ 이 μž‘μ€ λ†μ΄Œλ§ˆμ„ 학ꡐ에 λ„μ°©ν•˜λ©΄
09:34
he will find just two other students in this entire school.
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학ꡐλ₯Ό 톡틀어 두 λͺ…뿐인 학생과 λ§Œλ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:38
Now, Chang's school is one of 1,000 in Gansu alone
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창의 ν•™κ΅λŠ” κ°„μ‘€μ„±μ—μ„œ 전ꡐ생이 5λͺ… 미만인
09:41
that has less than five registered students.
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학ꡐ 1,000κ³³ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:44
So with limited student interaction,
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ν•™μƒλ“€κ°„μ˜ λΆ€μ‘±ν•œ μ†Œν†΅κ³Ό
09:47
with underqualified teachers
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자격이 λΆ€μ‘±ν•œ ꡐ사듀,
09:48
and schoolhouses that are barely furnished and not insulated,
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ν•™κ΅κ±΄λ¬Όμ˜ μ—΄μ•…ν•œ μ‹œμ„€ λ“±μœΌλ‘œ 인해
09:52
rural students have long been disadvantaged,
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μ‹œκ³¨ν•™μƒλ“€μ€ 였랜 κΈ°κ°„ λΆˆμ΄μ΅μ„ λ°›μ•„μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:54
with almost no path to higher education.
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κ³ λ“±κ΅μœ‘μ„ 받을 κΈ°νšŒκ°€ 거의 μ—†μ—ˆλ˜ κ±°μ£ .
09:58
But Chang's future has been dramatically shifted
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 햇빛ꡐ싀이 λ„μž…λ˜λ©΄μ„œ
10:01
with the installation of a β€œSunshine Classroom.”
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창의 λ―Έλž˜λŠ” 극적으둜 λ°”λ€Œμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:04
He's now part of a digital classroom of 100 students
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이제 28개 ν•™κ΅μ˜ 학생 100λͺ…이
10:07
across 28 different schools,
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수백 마일이 떨어진 κ³³μ—μ„œλ„
10:09
taught by qualified and certified teachers
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μžκ²©μ„ κ°–μΆ˜ κ΅μ‚¬λ‘œλΆ€ν„°
10:11
live-streaming from hundreds of miles away.
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μ‹€μ‹œκ°„ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 받을 수 μžˆλŠ” 디지털 κ΅μ‹€μ˜ 학생이 된 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:14
He has access to new subjects like music and art,
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이제 μŒμ•…μ΄λ‚˜ 미술 같은 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ κ³Όλͺ©μ„ λ°°μš°κ±°λ‚˜
10:17
to new friends
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μƒˆ μΉœκ΅¬λ“€μ„ λ§Œλ‚˜κ³ 
10:18
and to experiences that extend far beyond his home.
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λ°”κΉ₯ 세상을 κ²½ν—˜ν•  수 있게 λμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:22
Recently, Chang even got to visit the Frederiksborg Castle museum
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졜근, 창은 ν”„λ ˆλ°λ¦­μŠ€λ³΄λ₯΄ μ„±μ˜ 박물관을 κ²¬ν•™ν•˜κΈ°λ„ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:25
in Denmark --
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λ΄λ§ˆν¬μ— μžˆλŠ” 곳에 말이죠.
10:26
virtually, of course.
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λ¬Όλ‘ , κ°€μƒν˜„μ‹€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:28
Now, online education has existed for many years outside of China.
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증ꡭ μ΄μ™Έμ˜ λ‚˜λΌμ—μ„  이미 였래 μ „λΆ€ν„° 인터넷 ꡐ윑이 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:32
But it has never reached truly transformative scale,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ‹€μ§ˆμ μΈ λ³€ν™”κΉŒμ§€λŠ” 이루지 λͺ»ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:36
likely because traditional education systems
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그건 이 세계 μ–΄λ–€ κ³³μ—μ„œλŠ”
10:38
in other tech centers of the world
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λΆ„λͺ… 전톡적인 κ΅μœ‘λ°©μ‹μ΄
10:40
are far more advanced and far more stable.
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훨씬 진보적이며 훨씬 μ•ˆμ •μ μ΄κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:44
But China's extreme terrain and size
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κ·Έλ ‡μ§€λ§Œ 창의 μ—΄μ•…ν•œ ν™˜κ²½μ΄
10:46
have created an enormous and immediate need for innovation.
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κ±°λŒ€ν•˜κ³ λ„ 즉각적인 ν˜μ‹ μ„ μ•ΌκΈ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:50
There's a tech start-up in Shenzhen that grew to 300,000 students
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맀년 30만 λͺ…μ˜ 취학생이 λ‚˜μ˜€λŠ” μ„ μ „μ—μ„œ
10:54
in just one year.
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이 κ³Όν•™κΈ°μˆ μ΄ μ‹œμž‘λμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:55
And by our best estimation at the Post,
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그리고 저희 νŒλ‹¨μ— μ˜ν•˜λ©΄,
10:57
there are now 55 million rural students across China
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쀑ꡭ μ „μ—­μ—μ„œ 인터넷 μ‹€μ‹œκ°„ μˆ˜μ—…μ˜ μˆ˜κ°•μ΄ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ
11:01
that are addressable and accessible by live-streaming classes.
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지방 κ±°μ£Ό 학생듀은 5,500만 λͺ…μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:04
This market of need is larger than the entire US student population
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이 μˆ˜μš”μ‹œμž₯은 미ꡭ의 μœ μΉ˜μ›μƒλΆ€ν„° 12ν•™λ…„κΉŒμ§€μ˜
11:08
between kindergarten and grade 12.
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ν•™μƒμˆ˜λ³΄λ‹€ λ§Žμ€ μˆ«μžμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:12
So I'm extremely encouraged to find out
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ„ˆλ¬΄λ‚˜ κΆκΈˆν•΄ μ•Œμ•„λ³Έ κ²°κ³Ό,
11:15
that private investment in ed-tech in China
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쀑ꡭ κ΅μœ‘κΈ°μˆ μ— ν•œ ν•΄ λ―Όκ°„νˆ¬μžλ§Œ
11:18
now exceeds one billion dollars a year,
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10μ–΅ λ‹¬λŸ¬κ°€ λ„˜κ³ ,
11:20
with another 30 billion dollars in public funding
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μ§€κΈˆλΆ€ν„° 2020λ…„κΉŒμ§€
11:22
that is committed between now and 2020.
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곡적자금 300μ–΅ λ‹¬λŸ¬κ°€ νˆ¬μž…λ  μ˜ˆμ •μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:27
As the Chinese internet continues to grow,
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쀑ꡭ 인터넷 μ‹œμž₯이 계속 μ„±μž₯ν•˜λ©°,
11:29
even in its imperfection and restrictions and controls,
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비둝 결점과 μ œν•œ, ν†΅μ œκ°€ μžˆλ‹€ ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ
11:33
the lives of its once-forgotten populations
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ν•œλ•Œ μ†Œμ™Έλλ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ 삢은
11:35
have been irrevocably elevated.
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λΆ„λͺ…νžˆ ν–₯μƒλ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:38
There is a focus on populations of need, not of want,
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μ›ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ ν•„μš”λ‘œ ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ 초점이 맞좰져 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
11:42
that has driven a lot of the curiosity, the creativity
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λ§Žμ€ ν˜ΈκΈ°μ‹¬κ³Ό μ°½μ‘°μ„±, λ°œμ „μ„ μ΄λŒμ–΄μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:44
and the development that we see.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 봐온 바와 κ°™μ΄μš”.
11:47
And there's still more to come.
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그리고 μ•žμœΌλ‘œλ„ μ΄μ–΄μ§ˆ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:49
In America, internet population, or penetration,
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미ꡭ의 인터넷 μ‚¬μš© μΈκ΅¬λŠ”
11:52
has now reached 88 percent.
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88%에 λ‹¬ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ,
11:54
In China, the internet has still only reached 56 percent of the populous.
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쀑ꡭ은 μ—¬μ „νžˆ 56%에 머물러 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:58
That means there are over 600 million people
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κ·Έ 말은 6μ–΅ λͺ…μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄
12:01
who are still offline and disconnected.
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아직도 인터넷을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λŠ” μ˜λ―Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:04
That's nearly twice the US population.
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미ꡭ의 경우 보닀 거의 두 λ°°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:06
An enormous opportunity.
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κ±°λŒ€ν•œ 기회인 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:10
Wherever this alternative fuel exists,
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이 λŒ€μ²΄μ—°λ£Œκ°€ μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜λŠ” 곳이라면
12:12
be it in China or Africa, Southeast Asia or the American heartland,
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그곳이 쀑ꡭ이든 아프리카든, ν˜Ήμ€ μ€‘λ™μ΄λ‚˜ λ―Έκ΅­ 심μž₯뢀이든
12:17
we should endeavor to follow it with capital and with effort,
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우린 자본과 λ…Έλ ₯을 가지고 그곳을 μ«“μ•„
12:20
driving both economic and societal impact all over the world.
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경제적, μ‚¬νšŒμ μœΌλ‘œ κ°•λ ₯ν•œ 영ν–₯을 μ „ 세계에 쀄 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ λ…Έλ ₯ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:25
Just imagine for a minute what more could be possible
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ν˜œνƒ 받지 λͺ»ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ 세계적 μš”κ΅¬κ°€
12:28
if the global needs of the underserved become the primary focus
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우리 발λͺ…ν’ˆμ˜ 주된 초점이 λœλ‹€λ©΄ μ–΄λ–€ 일듀이 κ°€λŠ₯할지
12:32
of our inventions.
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μž μ‹œ μƒκ°ν•΄λ³΄μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
12:34
Thank you.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:35
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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