How risk-taking changes a teenager's brain | Kashfia Rahman

244,008 views

2019-04-29 ・ TED


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How risk-taking changes a teenager's brain | Kashfia Rahman

244,008 views ・ 2019-04-29

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: TJ Kim κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:12
Have you ever tried to understand a teenager?
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μ‹­λŒ€λ₯Ό 이해해 보렀고 애써 보신 적 μžˆλ‚˜μš”?
00:16
It's exhausting, right?
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μ§„μ§œ ν”Όκ³€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€, κ·Έλ ‡μ£ ?
00:19
You must be puzzled by the fact that some teens do well in school,
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λΆ„λͺ… ν˜Όλž€μŠ€λŸ¬μš΄ 건, μ–΄λ–€ 애듀은 학ꡐ도 잘 λ‹€λ‹ˆκ³ 
00:23
lead clubs and teams
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λ™μ•„λ¦¬λ‚˜ νŒ€μ„ μ΄λŒκΈ°λ„ ν•˜κ³ 
00:25
and volunteer in their communities,
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μ§€μ—­μ—μ„œ λ΄‰μ‚¬ν™œλ™λ„ ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ
00:27
but they eat Tide Pods for an online challenge,
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세탁 μ„Έμ œλ₯Ό μ‚Όν‚€λŠ” κ±Έ 인터넷 μƒμ—μ„œ κ²½μŸν•˜κΈ°λ„ ν•˜κ³ 
00:31
speed and text while driving,
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문자λ₯Ό ν•˜λ©° 과속 μš΄μ „μ„ ν•˜κ³ 
00:34
binge drink and experiment with illicit drugs.
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폭음과 λΆˆλ²• 약물에 손 λŒ€κΈ°λ„ ν•˜μž–μ•„μš”.
00:38
How can so many teens be so smart, skilled and responsible --
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λ˜‘λ˜‘ν•˜κ³ , 재주많고, μ±…μž„κ° μžˆλŠ” μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ μ‹­λŒ€ 아이듀이
00:43
and careless risk-takers at the same time?
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ™μ‹œμ— 이처럼 μœ„ν—˜μ„ κ°μˆ˜ν•  수 있죠?
00:47
When I was 16,
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μ œκ°€ 16μ‚΄ λ•Œ
00:48
while frequently observing my peers in person
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또래 아이듀을 직접 κ΄€μ°°ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜
00:51
as well as on social media,
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또 μ†Œμ…œ λ―Έλ””μ–΄λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ λ³΄λ©΄μ„œ
00:53
I began to wonder why so many teens took such crazy risks.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹€ μ™œ κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ λ§Žμ€ μ‹­λŒ€λ“€μ΄ μœ„ν—˜μ„ κ°μˆ˜ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ κΆκΈˆν•΄μ‘Œμ–΄μš”.
00:58
It seems like getting a certificate from DARE class in the fifth grade
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5ν•™λ…„ λ•Œ λ°›λŠ” μ•½λ¬Όλ‚¨μš©λ°©μ§€ κ΅μœ‘μ€ μ“Έλͺ¨κ°€ μ—†λ‚˜ λ΄μš”.
01:02
can't stop them.
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01:03
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
01:04
What was even more alarming to me
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더 μ‹¬κ°ν•˜κ²Œ 느꼈던 건
01:06
was that the more they exposed themselves to these harmful risks,
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이런 μœ„ν—˜ν•œ 짓듀은 ν•˜λ©΄ ν• μˆ˜λ‘
01:10
the easier it became for them to continue taking risks.
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더 μ‰¬μ›Œμ§„λ‹€λŠ” μ‚¬μ‹€μ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
01:14
Now this confused me,
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이 점이 ν˜Όλž€μŠ€λŸ¬μ› λŠ”λ°
01:16
but it also made me incredibly curious.
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λ™μ‹œμ— μ—„μ²­ κΆκΈˆν•˜κ²Œ ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
01:20
So, as someone with a name
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ, 제 μ΄λ¦„μ˜ 뜻인
01:21
that literally means "to explore knowledge,"
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"지식을 νƒκ΅¬ν•˜λΌ"λŠ” 말에 걸맞게
01:24
I started searching for a scientific explanation.
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과학적 κ·Όκ±°λ₯Ό μ°ΎκΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμ£ .
01:28
Now, it's no secret that teens ages 13 to 18
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더이상 비밀이 μ•„λ‹Œ 건, 13-18μ„Έ μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ μ‹­λŒ€λ“€μ΄
01:31
are more prone to risk-taking than children or adults,
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μ–΄λ¦°μ΄λ‚˜ 성인듀보닀 더 μœ„ν—˜μ„ κ°μˆ˜ν•˜κΈ° μ‰½λ‹€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:35
but what makes them so daring?
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근데 μ™œ κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ λŒ€λ‹΄ν•΄ μ§€λŠ” κ±ΈκΉŒμš”?
01:38
Do they suddenly become reckless,
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κ·Έλƒ₯ κ°‘μžκΈ° 무λͺ¨ν•΄μ§€λŠ” κ±ΈκΉŒμš”?
01:40
or is this just a natural phase that they're going through?
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μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄, κ·Έλƒ₯ μžμ—°μŠ€λŸ¬μš΄ μ„±μž₯ κ³Όμ •μΈκ±ΈκΉŒμš”?
01:43
Well neuroscientists have already found evidence
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μ‹ κ²½κ³Όν•™μžλ“€μ— μ˜ν•΄ 이미 λ°ν˜€μ§„ κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ
01:46
that the teen brain is still in the process of maturation --
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μ‹­λŒ€λ“€μ˜ λ‡ŒλŠ” 아직 μ„±μˆ™ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” μ‹œκΈ°μ— 있고,
01:49
and that this makes them exceptionally poor at decision-making,
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μ˜μ‚¬ 결정에 μœ λ‚œνžˆ μ„œνˆ΄ μˆ˜λ°–μ— μ—†μ–΄μ„œ
01:52
causing them to fall prey to risky behaviors.
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μœ„ν—˜ν•œ 행동에 μ‰½κ²Œ λΉ μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:56
But in that case, if the maturing brain is to blame,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이 경우, μ„±μˆ™ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” λ‡Œκ°€ 문제라면
01:59
then why are teens more vulnerable than children,
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μ™œ μ‹­λŒ€λ“€μ΄ 어린이듀보닀 더 μ·¨μ•½ν•œ κ±ΈκΉŒμš”?
02:02
even though their brains are more developed than those of children?
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λ‡Œκ°€ μ‘°κΈˆμ€ 더 λ°œλ‹¬λœ μƒνƒœμΌν…λ° 말이죠.
02:05
Also, not all teens in the world take risks at the same level.
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또, λͺ¨λ“  μ‹­λŒ€λ“€μ΄ 같은 μˆ˜μ€€μ˜ μœ„ν—˜μ„ κ°μˆ˜ν•˜λŠ” 것도 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:09
Are there some other underlying or unintentional causes
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μž μž¬μ μ΄κ±°λ‚˜ μ˜λ„μΉ˜ μ•Šμ€ 원인이
02:13
driving them to risk-taking?
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μœ„ν—˜ 좔ꡬλ₯Ό λΆ€μΆ”κΈ°λŠ” κ±ΈκΉŒμš”?
02:15
Well, this is exactly what I decided to research.
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λ°”λ‘œ 이걸 μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜κΈ°λ‘œ 마음 λ¨Ήμ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
02:19
So, I founded my research on the basis of a psychological process
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 제 μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ κΈ°λ°˜μ€ μ‹¬λ¦¬ν•™μ—μ„œ μ†Œμœ„ λ§ν•˜λŠ”
02:23
known as "habituation,"
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"μŠ΅κ΄€ν™”" λ˜λŠ”
02:25
or simply what we refer to as "getting used to it."
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μ‰½κ²Œ 말해, "μ΅μˆ™ν•΄μ§€λŠ” 것"μ΄μ—ˆλŠ”λ°
02:29
Habituation explains how our brains adapt to some behaviors,
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νŠΉμ • 행동에 λ‡Œκ°€ μ μ‘ν•˜λŠ” 방식을 μ„€λͺ…ν•΄ μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:33
like lying, with repeated exposures.
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반볡적으둜 λ˜ν’€μ΄ν•˜λŠ” 거짓말 같은 것듀이죠.
02:36
And this concept inspired me to design a project
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이 κ°œλ…μ— μ˜κ°μ„ λ°›μ•„ κ΅¬μƒν•œ 제 μ—°κ΅¬λŠ”
02:38
to determine if the same principle
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그와 같은 원리가
02:41
could be applied to the relentless rise of risk-taking in teenagers.
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ν˜„μ €ν•˜κ²Œ μ¦κ°€ν•˜λŠ” 무λͺ¨ν•œ μ‹­λŒ€λ“€μ—κ²Œ μ μš©λ˜λŠ”μ§€ μ•Œμ•„λ³΄λ €λŠ” κ±°μ˜€μ£ .
02:46
So I predicted that habituation to risk-taking
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ œκ°€ μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν•œ 건 μœ„ν—˜ 감수의 μŠ΅κ΄€ν™”λ‘œ
02:49
may have the potential to change the already-vulnerable teenage brain
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μ•ˆκ·Έλž˜λ„ μ—°μ•½ν•œ μ‹­λŒ€λ“€μ˜ λ‡Œκ°€ λ°”λ€” 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” μ‚¬μ‹€μ΄μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
02:53
by blunting or even eradicating
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λ¬΄λŽŒμ§€κ±°λ‚˜ λ¬΄κ°κ°ν•΄μ§€λŠ”λ°
02:55
the negative emotions associated with risk,
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μœ„ν—˜μ— κ΄€λ ¨λœ 뢀정적인 κ°μ •λ“€μ—μ„œμš”.
02:58
like fear or guilt.
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λ‘λ €μ›€μ΄λ‚˜ 죄책감 같은.
03:00
I also thought because they would feel less fearful and guilty,
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제 μƒκ°μ—λŠ” 두렀움과 죄책감이 덜 ν•΄μ§€λŠ”
03:03
this desensitization would lead them to even more risk-taking.
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'둔감화'둜 인해 더 큰 μœ„ν—˜λ„ κ°μˆ˜ν•˜κ²Œ λœλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
03:08
In short, I wanted to conduct a research study
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κ°„λ‹¨νžˆ 말해, μ œκ°€ ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άμ—ˆλ˜ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ”
03:10
to answer one big question:
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ν•œ 가지 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 질문의 해닡을 μ°ΎλŠ” κ±°μ˜€λŠ”λ°
03:12
Why do teens keep making outrageous choices
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μ™œ μ‹­λŒ€λ“€μ€ ν„°λ¬΄λ‹ˆμ—†λŠ” 선택을 λ°˜λ³΅ν•˜λ©°
03:15
that are harmful to their health and well-being?
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건강과 행볡을 ν•΄μΉ˜λŠ” 걸까?
03:19
But there was one big obstacle in my way.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 큰 걸림돌이 ν•˜λ‚˜ μžˆμ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
03:22
To investigate this problem,
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이 문제λ₯Ό μ‘°μ‚¬ν•˜λ €λ©΄
03:24
I needed teenagers to experiment on,
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μ‹€ν—˜ λŒ€μƒμΈ μ‹­λŒ€λ“€κ³Ό
03:26
laboratories and devices to measure their brain activity,
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ λ‡Œ ν™œλ™μ„ μΈ‘μ •ν•  μž₯비와 μ‹€ν—˜μ‹€, 그리고
03:30
and teachers or professors to supervise me and guide me along the way.
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μ €λ₯Ό κ°λ…ν•˜κ³  지도해 쀄 μ„ μƒλ‹˜μ΄λ‚˜ κ΅μˆ˜λ‹˜μ΄ ν•„μš”ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
03:35
I needed resources.
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μžμ›μ΄ ν•„μš”ν–ˆλ˜ κ±°μ£ .
03:37
But, you see, I attended a high school in South Dakota
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그런데 μ œκ°€ λ‹€λ‹ˆλ˜ μ‚¬μš°μŠ€ λ‹€μ½”νƒ€μ˜ 고등학ꡐ엔
03:40
with limited opportunity for scientific exploration.
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과학적 탐ꡬ에 μ—΄λ¦° κΈ°νšŒκ°€ λ§Žμ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μ–΄μš”.
03:44
My school had athletics,
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저희 ν•™κ΅μ—λŠ” μš΄λ™λΆ€,
03:46
band, choir, debate and other clubs,
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λ°΄λ“œ, 합창단, ν† λ‘ λΆ€ 등이 μžˆμ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ
03:50
but there were no STEM programs or research mentors.
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STEM ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ΄λ‚˜ 연ꡬ에 쑰언을 ν•΄ 쀄 뢄이 μ—†μ—ˆμ£ .
03:53
And the notion of high schoolers
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고등학생이 연ꡬλ₯Ό ν•œλ‹€κ±°λ‚˜
03:55
doing research or participating in a science fair was completely foreign.
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κ³Όν•™κ²½μ§„λŒ€νšŒμ— μ°Έκ°€ν•˜λŠ” μžμ²΄κ°€ μ•„μ£Ό μƒμ†Œν–ˆμœΌλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
04:00
Simply put, I didn't exactly have the ingredients
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λΉ„μœ ν•΄μ„œ λ§ν•˜λ©΄, λ§›μžˆλŠ” μš”λ¦¬λ₯Ό ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ”λ°
04:03
to make a chef-worthy dish.
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μ œλŒ€λ‘œ 된 μž¬λ£Œκ°€ μ—†λ˜ κ±°μ£ .
04:07
And these obstacles were frustrating,
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이런 κ±Έλ¦ΌλŒλ“€μ— λΆ€λ”ͺν˜€ μ’Œμ ˆν•˜κΈ°λ„ ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ
04:09
but I was also a stubborn teenager.
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저도 ν•œ κ³ μ§‘ν•˜λŠ” μ‹­λŒ€μ˜€μ£ .
04:12
And as the daughter of Bangladeshi immigrants
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λ°©κΈ€λΌλ°μ‹œ 이민자의 λ”Έμ΄μž
04:14
and one of just a handful of Muslim students
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λͺ‡ μ•ˆλ˜λŠ” 무슬림 학생 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μ—¬μ„œ
04:16
in my high school in South Dakota,
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μ‚¬μš°μŠ€ 닀코타에 μžˆλŠ” 고등학ꡐ에
04:19
I often struggled to fit in.
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μ μ‘ν•˜κΈ°κ°€ μ°Έ νž˜λ“€μ—ˆλŠ”λ°
04:21
And I wanted to be someone with something to contribute to society,
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μ‚¬νšŒμ— 도움이 될 λ­”κ°€λ₯Ό 가진 λˆ„κ΅°κ°€κ°€ 되고 μ‹Άμ—ˆμ£ .
04:25
not just be deemed the scarf-wearing brown girl
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μŠ€μΉ΄ν”„λ₯Ό μ“°κ³  λ‹€λ‹ˆλŠ” κ°ˆμƒ‰ ν”ΌλΆ€ 아이가 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌμš”.
04:28
who was an anomaly in my homogenous hometown.
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주둜 백인이 λ§Žμ€ 제 κ³ ν–₯에선 νŠΉμ΄ν•œ 일이긴 ν•΄μš”.
04:31
I hoped that by doing this research,
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이 연ꡬλ₯Ό 톡해
04:33
I could establish this
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보여주고 μ‹Άμ—ˆλ˜ 건
04:34
and how valuable scientific exploration could be for kids like me
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과학적 νƒκ΅¬μ˜ κ°€μΉ˜μ˜€λŠ”λ°, 특히 μ €μ²˜λŸΌ
04:39
who didn't necessarily find their niche elsewhere.
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λ§ˆλ•…νžˆ μ„€ 자리λ₯Ό 찾지 λͺ»ν–ˆλ˜ μ•„μ΄λ“€μ—κ²Œμš”.
04:42
So with limited research opportunities,
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이런 μ—΄μ•…ν•œ 상황 μ†μ—μ„œλ„
04:45
inventiveness allowed me to overcome seemingly impossible obstacles.
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창의λ ₯을 λ°œνœ˜ν•΄ λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•΄ λ³΄μ΄λŠ” μž₯애물듀을 극볡할 수 μžˆμ—ˆμ£ .
04:50
I became more creative in working with a variety of methodologies,
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더 창의적으둜 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 방법과
04:54
materials and subjects.
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자료, 주제 등을 μ΄μš©ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
04:57
I transformed my unassuming school library
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κ·Έμ € ν‰λ²”ν•œ 학ꡐ λ„μ„œκ΄€μ„
05:00
into a laboratory
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μ‹€ν—˜μ‹€λ‘œ κ°œμ‘°ν–ˆκ³ 
05:02
and my peers into lab rats.
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제 ν•™μš°λ“€μ΄ μ‹€ν—˜μš© μ₯κ°€ λ˜μ–΄μ£Όμ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
05:04
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
05:05
My enthusiastic geography teacher,
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μ—΄μ •μ μœΌλ‘œ 지리λ₯Ό κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜μ‹œκ³ 
05:08
who also happens to be my school's football coach,
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좕ꡬ뢀 μ½”μΉ˜λ„ ν•˜μ‹œλŠ” μ„ μƒλ‹˜κ»˜μ„œ
05:11
ended up as my cheerleader,
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많이 응원해 μ£Όμ…¨λŠ”λ°
05:13
becoming my mentor to sign necessary paperwork.
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ν•„μš”ν•œ μ„œλ₯˜λ“€μ— μ„œλͺ…을 ν•΄μ£ΌλŠ” λ©˜ν† κ°€ λ˜μ–΄μ£Όμ…¨μ–΄μš”.
05:17
And when it became logistically impossible
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그리고 ν•™κ΅μ˜ ν—ˆλ½μ„ 받지 λͺ»ν•œ
05:19
to use a laboratory electroencephalography,
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μ‹€ν—˜μš© λ‡ŒνŒŒκ³„, λ˜λŠ”
05:22
or EEG,
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EEGλΌλŠ”
05:23
which are those electrode devices used to measure emotional responses,
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감정 λ°˜μ‘μ„ μΈ‘μ •ν•˜λŠ” μ „κ·Ή μž₯μΉ˜κ°€ κΌ­ ν•„μš”ν•΄
05:28
I bought a portable EEG headset with my own money,
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제 λˆμ„ μ£Όκ³  νœ΄λŒ€μš© EEG ν—€λ“œμ…‹μ„ μƒ€μ–΄μš”.
05:31
instead of buying the new iPhone X
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μƒˆ 아이폰 X λŒ€μ‹  말이죠.
05:32
that a lot of kids my age were saving up for.
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λ§Žμ€ 애듀이 κ·Έκ±Έ 사렀고 λˆμ„ λͺ¨μœΌμž–μ•„μš”.
05:35
So finally I started the research
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λ“œλ””μ–΄ 연ꡬ가 μ‹œμž‘λκ³ 
05:38
with 86 students, ages 13 to 18, from my high school.
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저희 학ꡐ에 λ‹€λ‹ˆλŠ” 13-18μ‚΄ μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ 86λͺ…이 μ°Έμ—¬ν–ˆμ£ .
05:42
Using the computer cubicles in my school library,
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학ꡐ λ„μ„œκ΄€μ— 컴퓨터가 μžˆλŠ” μžλ¦¬μ—μ„œ
05:45
I had them complete a computerized decision-making simulation
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μ „μ‚°ν™”λœ μ˜μ‚¬κ²°μ • λͺ¨μ˜μ‹€ν—˜μ„ ν•΄
05:48
to measure their risk-taking behaviors comparable to ones in the real world,
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μ•„μ΄λ“€μ˜ μœ„ν—˜ν•œ 행동을 μ‹€μƒν™œμ˜ μœ„ν—˜ν•œ 행동듀과 비ꡐ μΈ‘μ •ν•΄λ΄€μ£ 
05:53
like alcohol use, drug use and gambling.
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술, λ§ˆμ•½, 도박과 같은 κ²ƒλ“€μ΄μš”.
05:56
Wearing the EEG headset,
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EEG ν—€λ“œμ…‹μ„ μ“°κ³ 
05:58
the students completed the test 12 times over three days
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아이듀이 12번의 μ‹€ν—˜μ„ 3일에 걸쳐 ν–ˆκ³ 
06:02
to mimic repeated risk exposures.
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반볡적으둜 μœ„ν—˜μ— λ…ΈμΆœλ˜λŠ” 상황을 μž¬ν˜„ν•΄ λ΄€μ–΄μš”.
06:05
A control panel on the EEG headset
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EEG ν—€λ“œμ…‹μ„ μ‘°μ’…ν•΄
06:08
measured their various emotional responses:
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μ—¬λŸ¬ κ°€μ§€μ˜ 감정 λ°˜μ‘μ„ μΈ‘μ •ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆμ£ .
06:10
like attention, interest, excitement, frustration,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ 주의, 관심, ν₯λΆ„, 쒌절,
06:14
guilt, stress levels and relaxation.
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죄책감, 슀트레슀 μ§€μˆ˜μ™€ μ•ˆμ •.
06:17
They also rated their emotions
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 감정 λ˜ν•œ
06:19
on well-validated emotion-measuring scales.
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μ œλŒ€λ‘œ κ²€μ¦λœ λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ 평가할 수 μžˆμ—ˆμ£ .
06:22
This meant that I had measured the process of habituation
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κ²°κ΅­ 츑정이 κ°€λŠ₯ν–ˆλ˜ 건 μŠ΅κ΄€ν™” κ³Όμ •κ³Ό
06:25
and its effects on decision-making.
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그게 μ˜μ‚¬κ²°μ •μ— λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 영ν–₯μ΄μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
06:28
And it took 29 days to complete this research.
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연ꡬλ₯Ό λ§ˆμΉ˜λŠ”λ° 29일이 κ±Έλ Έμ–΄μš”.
06:31
And with months of frantically drafting proposals,
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λͺ‡ 달 λ™μ•ˆ λ―ΈμΉœλ“―μ΄ 연ꡬ μ΄ˆμ•ˆμ„ μž‘μ„±ν•˜κ³ 
06:34
meticulously computing data in a caffeinated daze at 2am,
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μ»€ν”Όλ‘œ 버티며 μƒˆλ²½ 2μ‹œμ— κΌΌκΌΌν•˜κ²Œ μžλ£Œλ“€μ„ μž…λ ₯ν•˜λ©°
06:39
I was able to finalize my results.
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연ꡬλ₯Ό λ§ˆλ¬΄λ¦¬ν–ˆμ£ .
06:41
And the results showed that habituation to risk-taking
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결과적으둜, μœ„ν—˜ 감수의 μŠ΅κ΄€ν™”λŠ”
06:44
could actually change a teen's brain by altering their emotional levels,
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감정에 영ν–₯을 미치며 μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μ‹­λŒ€λ“€μ˜ λ‡Œλ₯Ό λ³€ν™”μ‹œμΌœ
06:48
causing greater risk-taking.
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더 큰 μœ„ν—˜μ„ κ°μˆ˜ν•˜κ²Œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:51
The students' emotions that were normally associated with risks,
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보톡 μœ„ν—˜μ— κ΄€λ ¨λœ μ•„μ΄λ“€μ˜ 감정듀,
06:54
like fear, stress, guilt and nervousness,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, 두렀움, 슀트레슀, 죄책감, μ΄ˆμ‘°ν•¨,
06:58
as well as attention,
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그리고 주의λ ₯도 λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λ‘œ
07:00
were high when they were first exposed to the risk simulator.
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첫 λͺ¨μ˜ μ‹€ν—˜μ—μ„  λͺ¨λ‘ λ†’κ²Œ 츑정이 λμ–΄μš”.
07:04
This curbed their temptations and enforced self-control,
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좩동을 μ–΅μ œν•˜κ³  자제λ ₯을 λ†’μ—¬
07:07
which prevented them from taking more risks.
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더 큰 μœ„ν—˜μ„ κ°μˆ˜ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ²Œ ν–ˆμ£ .
07:10
However, the more they were exposed to the risks through the simulator,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ‹€ν—˜μ„ ν•˜λ©΄ ν• μˆ˜λ‘
07:14
the less fearful, guilty and stressed they became.
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두렀움, 죄책감, 슀트레슀 등을 덜 λŠλΌλŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜μ™”μ–΄μš”.
07:18
This caused a situation
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결과적으둜
07:20
in which they were no longer able to feel
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두렀움과 경계심에 λŒ€ν•œ
07:22
the brain's natural fear and caution instincts.
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λ³ΈλŠ₯적인 λ‡Œ 감각이 λ¬΄λŽŒμ§€κ²Œ 된 것이죠.
07:25
And also, because they are teenagers and their brains are still underdeveloped,
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κ²Œλ‹€κ°€, 아직 μ‹­λŒ€μ΄κ³  λ‡Œλ„ 자라고 μžˆλŠ” μƒνƒœλΌ
07:30
they became more interested and excited in thrill-seeking behaviors.
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μ§œλ¦Ών•œ 뭔가에 더 관심을 κ°–κ³  ν₯λΆ„ν•˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:35
So what were the consequences?
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그럼 결과적으둜 μ–΄λ–€ 일이 λ²Œμ–΄μ§ˆκΉŒμš”?
07:38
They lacked self-control for logical decision-making,
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논리적 μ˜μ‚¬κ²°μ • λŠ₯λ ₯이 λ–¨μ–΄μ Έ
07:41
took greater risks
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더 큰 μœ„ν—˜μ„ κ°μˆ˜ν•˜κ³ 
07:43
and made more harmful choices.
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더 ν•΄λ‘œμš΄ 선택을 ν•˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:45
So the developing brain alone isn't to blame.
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€κ³  자라고 μžˆλŠ” λ‡Œλ§Œ 탓할 순 μ—†μ£ .
07:48
The process of habituation also plays a key role in risk-taking
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μŠ΅κ΄€ν™” 과정이 주된 원인인데, 'μœ„ν—˜ 감수'와
07:52
and risk escalation.
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μœ„ν—˜ 증가에 결정적인 영ν–₯을 끼치죠.
07:54
Although a teen's willingness to seek risk
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μ‹­λŒ€λ“€μ˜ μœ„ν—˜μ„ μΆ”κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” ν˜„μƒμ€
07:56
is largely a result of the structural and functional changes
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ ꡬ쑰 및 κΈ°λŠ₯μƒμ˜ λ³€ν™”λ‘œ μΈν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:00
associated with their developing brains,
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μ—­μ‹œ 자라고 μžˆλŠ” λ‡Œμ™€ κ΄€λ ¨ν•΄μ„œμš”.
08:02
the dangerous part that my research was able to highlight
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 제 μ—°κ΅¬λ‘œ λΆ€κ°μ‹œν‚¬ 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ μœ„ν—˜ν•œ 뢀뢄은
08:06
was that a habituation to risks
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무λͺ¨ν•¨μ˜ μŠ΅κ΄€ν™”κ°€
08:08
can actually physically change a teen's brain
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μ‹­λŒ€λ“€μ˜ λ‡Œμ— 물리적인 λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό 가져와
08:10
and cause greater risk-taking.
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더 큰 μœ„ν—˜μ„ κ°μˆ˜ν•˜κ²Œ ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:13
So it's the combination of the immature teen brain
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 볡합적인 문제죠, λ―Έμˆ™ν•œ μ‹­λŒ€μ˜ λ‡Œμ™€
08:16
and the impact of habituation
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μŠ΅κ΄€ν™”μ˜ 영ν–₯이 λ’€μ„žμ—¬
08:18
that is like a perfect storm to create more damaging effects.
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더 ν•  수 없이 μ•ˆ 쒋은 상황을 λ§Œλ“œλŠ” κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
08:22
And this research can help parents and the general public
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이 μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” λΆ€λͺ¨λ‹˜λ“€κ³Ό μΌλ°˜μΈλ“€μ—κ²Œλ„ 도움이 λ˜λŠ”λ°
08:26
understand that teens aren't just willfully ignoring warnings
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μ‹­λŒ€λ“€μ΄ κ·Έμ € μΌλΆ€λŸ¬ κ²½κ³ λ₯Ό λ¬΄μ‹œν•˜κ³ 
08:29
or simply defying parents by engaging in increasingly more dangerous behavior.
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점점 더 무λͺ¨ν•œ 행동을 ν•˜λ©° λΆ€λͺ¨λ“€μ—κ²Œ λ°˜ν•­ν•˜λŠ”κ²Œ μ•„λ‹ˆλž€ κ±°μ£ .
08:34
The biggest hurdle they're facing is their habituation to risks:
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κ·Έλ“€μ—κ²Œ κ°€μž₯ 큰 μž₯애물은 μ—­μ‹œ 무λͺ¨ν•¨μ˜ μŠ΅κ΄€ν™”μΈλ°
08:38
all the physical, detectable and emotional functional changes
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λͺ¨λ“  신체적이고, 감지 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜κ³ , 감정적인 κΈ°λŠ₯의 변화듀이
08:43
that drive and control and influence their over-the-top risk-taking.
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μ§€λ‚˜μΉœ 무λͺ¨ν•¨μœΌλ‘œ λ‚΄λͺ°κ³ , μ œμ–΄ν•˜κ³ , 영ν–₯을 μ£Όκ³  ν•˜λ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
08:48
So yes, we need policies that provide safer environments
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λ§žμ•„μš”, μ–΄λ–€ 정책을 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ μ•ˆμ „ν•œ ν™˜κ²½μ„ μ‘°μ„±ν•˜κ³ 
08:52
and limit exposures to high risks,
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큰 μœ„ν—˜μ— λ…ΈμΆœλ˜μ§€ μ•Šλ„λ‘ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜κ³ 
08:55
but we also need policies that reflect this insight.
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또, μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 톡찰을 λ°˜μ˜ν•˜λŠ” μ •μ±… λ˜ν•œ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:59
These results are a wake-up call for teens, too.
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μ‹­λŒ€λ“€μ—κ²Œλ„ 경쒅을 μšΈλ¦¬λŠ” κ²°κ³Όμ£ .
09:02
It shows them that the natural and necessary fear and guilt
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μžμ—°μŠ€λŸ½κ³  ν•„μˆ˜μ μΈ 두렀움과 죄책감은
09:06
that protect them from unsafe situations
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μœ„ν—˜ν•œ μƒν™©μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„°μ˜ λ³΄ν˜Έλ§‰μΈλ°
09:08
actually become numb when they repeatedly choose risky behaviors.
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무λͺ¨ν•œ 행동이 λ°˜λ³΅λ˜λ©΄μ„œ λ¬΄λŽŒμ§€κ²Œ λ˜λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
09:13
So with this hope to share my findings with fellow teenagers and scientists,
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또래 아이듀과 κ³Όν•™μžλ“€μ—κ²Œ 이 연ꡬ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό 보여주고 μ‹Άμ–΄μ„œ
09:18
I took my research
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μžλ£Œλ“€μ„ 챙겨
09:20
to the Intel International Science and Engineering Fair, or ISEF,
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인텔 ꡭ제 κ³Όν•™ 곡학 λ°•λžŒνšŒμΈ ISEF에 μ°Έμ„ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
09:24
a culmination of over 1,800 students
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λ§Žκ²ŒλŠ” 1,800λͺ… μ΄μƒμ˜ 학생듀이
09:27
from 75 countries, regions and territories,
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μ „ 세계 75κ°œκ΅­μ—μ„œ μ°Έκ°€ν•΄
09:30
who showcase their cutting-edge research and inventions.
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μ΅œμ‹  연ꡬ와 발λͺ…μ„γ…‘λ½λ‚΄λŠ” κ³³μ΄μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
09:34
It's like the Olympics of science fair.
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κ³Όν•™ λ°•λžŒνšŒ μ˜¬λ¦Όν”½ 같은 κ±°μ£ .
09:36
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
09:38
There, I was able to present my research to experts in neuroscience and psychology
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μ‹ κ²½κ³Όν•™, 심리학 μ „λ¬Έκ°€λ“€μ—κ²Œ 제 연ꡬλ₯Ό 보여 μ£Όκ³ 
09:43
and garner valuable feedback.
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μ•„μ£Ό 값진 쑰언도 λ°›μ•˜μ–΄μš”.
09:45
But perhaps the most memorable moment of the week
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κ°€μž₯ 기얡에 λ‚¨λŠ” 건
09:48
was when the booming speakers suddenly uttered my name
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제 이름이 μŠ€ν”Όμ»€λ₯Ό 톡해 크게 λΆˆλ Έμ„ λ•ŒμΈλ°
09:52
during the awards ceremony.
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μ‹œμƒμ‹ μ€‘μ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
09:54
I was in such disbelief that I questioned myself:
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믿을 μˆ˜κ°€ μ—†μ–΄ 혼자 μƒκ°ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
09:57
Was this just another "La La Land" blunder
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"λΌλΌλžœλ“œ"처럼 μ‹€μˆ˜ν•œ 건가?
10:00
like at the Oscars?
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아카데미 μ‹œμƒμ‹ κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ‹œμ£ ?
10:01
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
10:02
Luckily, it wasn't.
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λ‹€ν–‰νžˆ, μ‹€μˆ˜κ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:05
I really had won first place
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정말 μ œκ°€ 일등을 ν–ˆλŠ”λ°
10:07
in the category "Behavioral and Social Sciences."
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"행동 및 μ‚¬νšŒ κ³Όν•™" λΆ„μ•Όμ—μ„œμš”.
10:09
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
10:16
Needless to say,
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말할 것도 없이
10:17
I was not only thrilled to have this recognition,
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상을 λ°›μ•„μ„œ μ•„μ£Ό μ‹ λ‚˜κΈ°λ„ ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ
10:20
but also the whole experience of science fair that validated my efforts
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제 λ…Έλ ₯을 인정받은 κ·Έ κ³³μ—μ„œμ˜ κ²½ν—˜μœΌλ‘œ
10:25
keeps my curiosity alive
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계속 ν˜ΈκΈ°μ‹¬μ„ 가지고
10:27
and strengthens my creativity,
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창의λ ₯, 인내λ ₯, 상상λ ₯ 등을 ν‚€μ›Œλ‚˜κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:29
perseverance and imagination.
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10:32
This still image of me experimenting in my school library
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학ꡐ λ„μ„œκ΄€μ—μ„œ μ‹€ν—˜μ΄ ν•œμ°½μΈ 이 사진이
10:36
may seem ordinary,
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평범해 보일지 λͺ°λΌλ„
10:38
but to me, it represents a sort of inspiration.
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μ œκ²ŒλŠ” 영감이 되고 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
10:42
It reminds me that this process taught me to take risks.
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μœ„ν—˜μ„ κ°μˆ˜ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ°€λ₯΄μΉ¨μ„ μƒκΈ°μ‹œμΌœ μ£Όλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
10:46
And I know that might sound incredibly ironic.
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μ—„μ²­λ‚œ λͺ¨μˆœμœΌλ‘œ 듀릴 수 μžˆλŠ” 것 μ••λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:49
But I took risks realizing
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ œκ°€ μœ„ν—˜μ„ κ°μˆ˜ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ
10:51
that unforeseen opportunities often come from risk-taking --
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μ’…μ’… μ˜ˆμƒμΉ˜ λͺ»ν•œ κΈ°νšŒκ°€ μœ„ν—˜μ„ κ°μˆ˜ν•¨μœΌλ‘œ μ˜¨λ‹€λŠ” κ±Έ κΉ¨λ‹¬μ•˜μ–΄μš”.
10:55
not the hazardous, negative type that I studied,
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μœ„ν—˜ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜, μ œκ°€ μ—°κ΅¬ν–ˆλ˜ 뢀정적인 것듀이 μ•„λ‹Œ
10:58
but the good ones,
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쒋은 것듀
11:00
the positive risks.
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긍정적인 μœ„ν—˜λ“€μ΄μ£ .
11:02
The more risks I took,
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더 λ§Žμ€ μœ„ν—˜μ„ κ°μˆ˜ν• μˆ˜λ‘
11:04
the more capable I felt of withstanding my unconventional circumstances,
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ν‰νƒ„μΉ˜ μ•Šμ€ 제 ν™˜κ²½μ„ 이겨낼 힘이 더 생겼고
11:08
leading to more tolerance, resilience and patience
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더 λ„ˆκ·ΈλŸ½κ³ , κ΅΄ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³ , 잘 참으며
11:11
for completing my project.
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연ꡬλ₯Ό 마칠 수 μžˆμ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
11:13
And these lessons have led me to new ideas
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이런 배움을 톡해 μƒˆ μ•„μ΄λ””μ–΄κΉŒμ§€ μ–»μ—ˆλŠ”λ°
11:16
like: Is the opposite of negative risk-taking also true?
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, 뢀정적인 μœ„ν—˜ 감수의 λ°˜λŒ€λ„ μžˆλŠ”κ±ΈκΉŒ?
11:20
Can positive risk-taking escalate with repeated exposures?
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긍정적인 μœ„ν—˜ κ°μˆ˜λ„ λ°˜λ³΅ν•˜λ©° μ¦κ°€μ‹œν‚¬ 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒ?
11:24
Does positive action build positive brain functioning?
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긍정적인 행동이 λ‡Œκ°€ κΈμ •μ μœΌλ‘œ κΈ°λŠ₯ν•˜λ„λ‘ ν•  수 μžˆμ„κΉŒ?
11:28
I think I just might have my next research idea.
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λ‹€μŒ 연ꡬ κ³Όμ œκ°€ 뭔지 μ•Œ 것 κ°™μ•„μš”.
11:32
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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