A provocative way to finance the fight against climate change | Michael Metcalfe

63,632 views ・ 2016-05-23

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Ju-yong Kim κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:13
Will we do whatever it takes to tackle climate change?
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” "무슨 수λ₯Ό μ¨μ„œλΌλ„" κΈ°ν›„λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό λ‹€λ£¨κ²Œ λ κΉŒμš”?
00:19
I come at this question not as a green campaigner,
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ν™˜κ²½μš΄λ™κ°€κ°€ μ•„λ‹Œ μž…μž₯μ—μ„œ 이 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ— λ‹΅ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:22
in fact, I confess to be rather hopeless at recycling.
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사싀, μ €λŠ” μž¬ν™œμš©μ„ 잘 λͺ»ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:25
I come at it as a professional observer of financial policy making
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μ•„κΉŒμ˜ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ— λŒ€ν•΄ κΈˆμœ΅μ •μ±…μ˜ μ „λ¬Έκ°μ‹œμžλ‘œμ„œ
00:30
and someone that wonders how history will judge us.
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역사가 우리λ₯Ό μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 평가할지 κΆκΈˆν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμœΌλ‘œμ„œ λ‹΅ν•΄λ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:36
One day,
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μ–Έμ  κ°€λŠ”
00:37
this ring that belonged to my grandfather
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제 ν• μ•„λ²„μ§€κ»˜μ„œ μ§€λ…”λ˜ λ°˜μ§€κ°€
00:41
will pass to my son, Charlie.
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제 μ•„λ“€ μ°°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ μ „ν•΄μ§ˆ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:44
And I wonder what his generation
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κΆκΈˆν•œ 건 μ•„λ“€ μ„ΈλŒ€μ™€ κ·Έ λ‹€μŒ μ„ΈλŒ€κ°€
00:46
and perhaps the one that follows
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00:49
will make of the two lives this ring has worked.
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이 λ°˜μ§€μ™€ ν•¨κ»˜ ν–ˆλ˜ 두 가지 삢을 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μƒκ°ν• κΉŒν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:54
My grandfather was a coal miner.
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제 ν• μ•„λ²„μ§€λŠ” κ΄‘λΆ€μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:58
In his time,
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할아버지 μ‹œλŒ€μ—λŠ”
01:00
burning fossil fuels for energy and for allowing economies to develop
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μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄, 경제 λ°œμ „μ„ μœ„ν•΄ ν™”μ„μ—°λ£Œλ₯Ό νƒœμš°λŠ” 것이 μš©μΈλ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:05
was accepted.
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01:07
We know now that that is not the case
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μ§€κΈˆ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 그렇지 μ•Šλ‹€λŠ” κ±Έ μ••λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:10
because of the greenhouse gases that coal produces.
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석탄이 λ‚΄λŠ” μ˜¨μ‹€κ°€μŠ€ λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:15
But today,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚ 
01:16
I fear it's the industry in which I work that will be judged more harshly
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μ œκ°€ λͺΈλ‹΄μ€ κΈˆμœ΅μ‚°μ—…μ΄ ν˜Ήλ…ν•˜κ²Œ λΉ„νŒλ°›μ„ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:20
because of its impact on the climate --
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기후에 영ν–₯을 미치기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:23
more harshly than my grandfather's industry, even.
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할아버지 μ‹œλŒ€μ˜ 산업보닀 더 ν˜Ήλ…ν•˜κ²Œ λΉ„νŒλ°›κ² μ£ .
01:26
I work, of course, in the banking industry,
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μ €λŠ” λ¬Όλ‘  κΈˆμœ΅μ—…κ³„μ—μ„œ μΌν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:28
which will be remembered for its crisis in 2008 --
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2008λ…„ κΈˆμœ΅μœ„κΈ°λ₯Ό λ– μ˜¬λ¦¬μ‹€ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:33
a crisis that diverted the attention and finances of governments
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각ꡭ μ •λΆ€μ˜ μž¬μ •κ³Ό 관심을
01:38
away from some really, really important promises,
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정말 μ€‘μš”ν•œ μ•½μ†μ—μ„œ λ©€μ–΄μ§€κ²Œ λ§Œλ“  μœ„κΈ°μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:44
like promises made at the Copenhagen Climate Summit in 2009
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2009λ…„ μ½”νŽœν•˜κ² κΈ°ν›„μ •μƒνšŒμ˜μ—μ„œ μ •ν•œ 약속듀이 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:49
to mobilize 100 billion dollars a year
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μ—°κ°„ μ²œμ–΅ λ‹¬λŸ¬λ₯Ό λ™μ›ν•΄μ„œ
01:52
to help developing countries move away from burning fossil fuels
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κ°œλ°œλ„μƒκ΅­μ˜ ν™”μ„μ—°λ£Œ μ‚¬μš©μ„ μ²­μ •μ—λ„ˆμ§€ μ‚¬μš©μœΌλ‘œ 바꾸도둝
01:56
and transition to using cleaner energy.
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μ§€μ›ν•˜μžλŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:00
That promise is already in jeopardy.
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κ·Έ 약속이 μœ„κΈ°μ— μ²˜ν•΄μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:03
And that's a real problem,
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이것이 문제인 κΉŒλ‹­μ€
02:05
because that transition to cleaner energy needs to happen
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μ²­μ²­μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ‘œμ˜ μ „ν™˜μ€ λ”λŠ” 늦좜 μˆ˜κ°€ μ—†κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:08
sooner rather than later.
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02:11
Firstly,
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첫째둜
02:12
because greenhouse gases, once released,
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μ˜¨μ‹€κ°€μŠ€κ°€ 일단 방좜되면
02:14
stay in the atmosphere for decades.
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수 μ‹­λ…„κ°„ λŒ€κΈ° 쀑에 λ¨Έλ­…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:17
And secondly,
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두 번째둜
02:18
if a developing economy builds its power grid around fossil fuels today,
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κ°œλ°œλ„μƒκ΅­μ΄ ν™”μ„μ—°λ£Œλ₯Ό 기반으둜 μ „λ ₯망을 κ΅¬μΆ•ν•˜λ©΄
02:24
it's going to be way more costly to change later on.
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λ‚˜μ€‘μ— 이λ₯Ό κ³ μΉ˜λŠ”λ° λΉ„μš©μ΄ 훨씬 많이 λ“€κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:28
So for the climate,
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κΈ°ν›„ μž…μž₯μ—μ„œ 보자면
02:30
history may judge that the banking crisis happened
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κΈˆμœ΅μœ„κΈ°κ°€ 쒋지 μ•Šμ€ μ‹œκΈ°μ— λ°œμƒν•œ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ 역사에 남을 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:34
at just the wrong time.
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02:36
The story need not be this gloomy, though.
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€κ³  λ„ˆλ¬΄ μš°μšΈν•΄ ν•  ν•„μš”λŠ” μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:41
Three years ago,
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3λ…„ μ „
02:43
I argued that governments could use the tools
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μ •λΆ€κ°€ κΈˆμœ΅μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ„ μ‚΄λ¦¬λŠ” λ°©μ•ˆμ΄ μžˆλ‹€κ³  μ „ μ£Όμž₯ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:46
deployed to save the financial system
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02:49
to meet other global challenges.
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전지ꡬ적 문제λ₯Ό λ‹€λ£° 수 있게 말이죠.
02:51
And these arguments are getting stronger, not weaker, with time.
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이런 μ£Όμž₯은 μ‹œκ°„μ΄ μ§€λ‚ μˆ˜λ‘ 점차 νž˜μ„ μ–»μ–΄μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:58
Let's take a brief reminder of what those tools looked like.
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μ–΄λ–€ λ°©μ•ˆλ“€μ΄μ—ˆλŠ”μ§€ κ°„λ‹¨νžˆ νšŒμƒμ„ ν•΄ λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:03
When the financial crisis hit in 2008,
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2008λ…„ μž¬μ •μœ„κΈ°κ°€ λ‹₯쳀을 λ•Œ
03:06
the central banks of the US and UK
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λ―Έκ΅­κ³Ό 영ꡭ의 쀑앙은행은
03:09
began buying bonds issued by their own governments
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μ •λΆ€κ°€ λ°œν–‰ν•œ μ±„κΆŒμ„ 사듀이기 μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:12
in a policy known as "quantitative easing."
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양적완화라고 μ•Œλ €μ§„ μ •μ±… μ€‘μ΄μ—ˆκ³ 
03:15
Depending on what happens to those bonds when they mature,
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이것은 λ§ŒκΈ°κ°€ λŒμ•„μ˜€λŠ” μ±„κΆŒμ˜ 상황을 보고
03:19
this is money printing by another name.
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달리 말해, 화폐 λ°œν–‰μ„ ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:22
And boy, did they print.
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λ§™μ†Œμ‚¬, 화폐λ₯Ό 계속 μ°μ–΄λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:24
The US alone created four trillion dollars' worth of its own currency.
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미ꡭ은 ν˜Όμžμ„œ 4μ‘° λ‹¬λŸ¬λ₯Ό λ°œν–‰ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:29
This was not done in isolation.
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λ‹¨λ…μœΌλ‘œ μ§„ν–‰λœ 건 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:31
In a remarkable act of cooperation,
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λ†€λΌμš΄ ν˜‘μ‘°κ°€ μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:34
the 188 countries that make up the International Monetary Fund, the IMF,
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IMF(κ΅­μ œν†΅ν™”κΈ°κΈˆ)의 188개 νšŒμ›κ΅­μ€
03:38
agreed to issue 250 billion dollars' worth of their own currency --
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2천 5λ°±μ–΅ λ‹¬λŸ¬λ₯Ό λ°œν–‰ν•˜κΈ°λ‘œ ν•©μ˜ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:42
the Special Drawing Right --
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SDR(νŠΉλ³„μΈμΆœκΆŒ)λΌλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:45
to boost reserves around the world.
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μ „ μ„Έκ³„μ˜ μ™Έν™˜λ³΄μœ κ³ λ₯Ό λŠ˜λ¦¬λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:47
When the financial crisis moved to Europe,
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κΈˆμœ΅μœ„κΈ°κ°€ 유럽으둜 μ΄λ™ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ,
03:51
the European Central Bank President, Mario Draghi,
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μœ λŸ½μ€‘μ•™μ€ν–‰ 총재, 마리였 λ“œλΌκΈ°λŠ”
03:55
promised "to do whatever it takes."
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ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€λ©΄ "무슨 μˆ˜λΌλ„ μ“°κ² λ‹€" 라고 μ•½μ†ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:59
And they did.
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정말 κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:01
The Bank of Japan repeated those words -- that exact same commitment --
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일본은행도 같은 말을 λ°˜λ³΅ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 유럽과 λ™μΌν•œ μ•½μ†μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:06
to do "whatever it takes" to reflate their economy.
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ν†΅ν™”νŒ½μ°½μ„ μœ„ν•΄μ„œ "무슨 μˆ˜λΌλ„ μ“°κ² λ‹€"μ˜€μ£ .
04:11
In both cases,
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μ–‘μͺ½μ˜ κ²½μš°μ—
04:13
"whatever it takes" meant trillions of dollars more
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"무슨 수λ₯Ό 쓰더라도"λŠ” 수 μ‘° λ‹¬λŸ¬ 이상을 μ˜λ―Έν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:17
in money-printing policies that continue today.
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚ κΉŒμ§€ κ³„μ†λ˜λŠ” ν™”νλ°œν–‰ μ •μ±…μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:21
What this shows
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이것이 λ³΄μ—¬μ£ΌλŠ” 것은
04:23
is that when faced with some global challenges,
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세계적인 λ¬Έμ œμ— μ§λ©΄ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ
04:28
policy makers are able to act collectively, with urgency,
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μ •μ±…μž…μ•ˆμžλ“€μ€ κΈ΄κΈ‰ν•˜κ²Œ νž˜μ„ 합쳐 ν–‰λ™ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것이고
04:32
and run the risks of unconventional policies like money printing.
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ν™”νλ°œν–‰μ²˜λŸΌ 변칙적인 μ •μ±…μ˜ μœ„ν—˜μ„ κ°μˆ˜ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:39
So, let's go back to that original question:
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ 처음 질문으둜 λŒμ•„κ°€ λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
04:45
Can we print money for climate finance?
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κΈ°ν›„ κΈ°κΈˆμ„ μœ„ν•΄ λˆμ„ 찍어낼 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
04:49
Three years ago,
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3λ…„ 전에
04:50
the idea of using money in this way was something of a taboo.
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이런 μ‹μœΌλ‘œ λˆμ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μžλŠ” μ•„μ΄λ””μ–΄λŠ” κΈˆκΈ°μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:54
Once you break down and dismantle the idea
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이 아이디어λ₯Ό ν•˜λ‚˜μ”© 따져보면
04:57
that money is a finite resource,
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λˆμ€ ν•œμ •μ μΈ μž¬μ›μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:00
governments can quickly get overwhelmed by demands from their people
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μ •λΆ€λŠ” κ΅­λ―Όλ“€μ˜ μš”κ΅¬μ— λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ μ••λ„λ˜κ³  λ§™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:05
to print more and more money for other causes:
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λ‹€λ₯Έ λͺ©μ μœΌλ‘œλ„ λˆμ„ 더 찍자고 μš”κ΅¬ν•˜λ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
05:08
education, health care, welfare --
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ꡐ윑, 의료, 볡지
05:10
even defense.
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심지어 ꡭ방을 μœ„ν•΄μ„œμš”.
05:12
And there are some truly terrible historical examples of money printing --
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ν™”νλ°œν–‰μ˜ 정말 λ”μ°ν•œ 역사적 μ˜ˆκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:17
uncontrolled money printing --
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ν†΅μ œλ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ ν™”νλ°œν–‰μ€
05:20
leading to hyperinflation.
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μ΄ˆμΈν”Œλ ˆμ΄μ…˜μ„ κ°€μ Έμ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:22
Think: Weimar Republic in 1930;
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1930λ…„ λ°”μ΄λ§ˆλ₯΄ 곡화ꡭ이 μžˆμ—ˆκ³ 
05:26
Zimbabwe more recently, in 2008,
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졜근 2008년에 μ§λ°”λΈŒμ›¨κ°€ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:29
when the prices of basic goods like bread are doubling every day.
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빡같은 μƒν•„ν’ˆ 가격이 맀일 2λ°°μ”© 였λ₯΄κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:34
But all of this is moving the public debate forward,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 이 λͺ¨λ“  것이 κ³΅κ°œν† λ‘ μ„ μ΄λŒμ–΄ λ‚΄κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:39
so much so, that money printing for the people is now discussed openly
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ꡭ민을 μœ„ν•œ ν™”νλ°œν–‰μ€ 곡개적으둜 λ…Όμ˜λ˜κ³  있으며
05:45
in the financial media, and even in some political manifestos.
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κΈˆμœ΅λ―Έλ””μ–΄λ‚˜ 심지어 μ •μΉ˜κ³΅μ•½μ—λ„ λ“±μž₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:50
But it's important the debate doesn't stop here,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜, ν™”νλ°œν–‰μ— κ΄€ν•œ λ…Όμ˜κ°€ μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ λ©ˆμΆ”μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” 게 μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:52
with printing national currencies.
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05:57
Because climate change is a shared global problem,
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ κΈ°ν›„ λ³€ν™”λŠ” μ „ 세계적인 문제이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:01
there are some really compelling reasons
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κ°•λ ₯ν•œ μ΄μœ λ“€μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:04
why we should be printing that international currency
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IMFμ—μ„œ λ°œν–‰ν•˜λŠ” κ΅­μ œν†΅ν™”λ₯Ό μ™œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ°μ–΄λ‚΄μ„œ
06:08
that's issued by the IMF,
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κΈ°ν›„ κΈ°κΈˆμ„ λŒ€μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:10
to fund it.
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06:11
The Special Drawing Right, or SDR,
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νŠΉλ³„μΈμΆœκΆŒ, SDR은
06:15
is the IMF's electronic unit of account
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IMF의 μ „μž 계산 ν™”νμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:18
that governments use to transfer funds amongst each other.
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각ꡭ μ •λΆ€κ°€ μ„œλ‘œ κ°„μ˜ μžκΈˆμ„ μ΄λ™μ‹œν‚¬ λ•Œ μ”λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:23
Think of it as a peer-to-peer payment network,
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κ°œμΈκ°„ μ†‘κΈˆ μ„œλΉ„μŠ€μ²˜λŸΌ μƒκ°ν•˜λ©΄ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:26
like Bitcoin, but for governments.
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λΉ„νŠΈμ½”μΈκ°™μ§€λ§Œ 정뢀듀을 μœ„ν•œ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:30
And it's truly global.
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SDR은 진정 μ„Έκ³„μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:33
Each of the 188 members of the IMF hold SDR quotas
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IMF의 188개 νšŒμ›κ΅­μ€ 각자 SDR ν•œλ„κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:38
as part of their foreign exchange reserves.
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각자의 μ™Έν™˜λ³΄μœ κ³  역할을 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:41
These are national stores of wealth
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μž¬μ •μœ„κΈ°λ₯Ό 막기 μœ„ν•΄ κ΅­κ°€κ°€ μ§€λ‹ˆλŠ” ν˜„κΈˆμ°½κ³ κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:44
that countries keep to protect themselves against currency crises.
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06:48
And that global nature is why,
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그런 성격을 띄고 μžˆμ–΄μ„œ
06:51
at the height of the financial crisis in 2009,
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2009λ…„ κΈˆμœ΅μœ„κΈ°κ°€ ν•œμ°½μΌ λ•Œ
06:55
the IMF issued those extra 250 billion dollars --
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IMFλŠ” 2천 5λ°±μ–΅ λ‹¬λŸ¬λ₯Ό μΆ”κ°€ λ°œν–‰ν•΄μ„œ
06:59
because it served as a collective global action
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세계적인 λ°©μ•ˆμœΌλ‘œμ¨
07:02
that safeguarded countries large and small in one fell swoop.
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일거에 크고 μž‘μ€ λ‚˜λΌλ“€μ„ λ³΄ν˜Έν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:09
But here --
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 여기에
07:10
here's the intriguing part.
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ν₯미둜운 뢀뢄이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:13
More than half of those extra SDRs that were printed in 2009 --
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2009년에 μΆ”κ°€ λ°œν–‰λœ SDR의 절반 이상이
07:18
150 billion dollars' worth --
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1천 5λ°±μ–΅ λ‹¬λŸ¬μ— μ΄λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€λ§Œ
07:20
went to developed market countries who, for the most part,
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μ„ μ§„κ΅­μœΌλ‘œ ν˜λŸ¬λ“€μ–΄ κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
λŒ€κ°œλŠ” μΆ”κ°€ μ™Έν™˜λ³΄μœ κ³ κ°€ 그닀지 ν•„μš”ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ λ‚˜λΌλ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:24
have a modest need for these foreign exchange reserves,
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07:27
because they have flexible exchange rates.
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 그듀은 λ³€λ™ν™˜μœ¨μ„ μ§€λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:30
So those extra reserves that were printed in 2009,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 2009년에 λ°œν–‰λœ μΆ”κ°€ μ™Έν™˜μ€
07:34
in the end, for developed market countries at least,
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κ²°κ΅­, 적어도 μ„ μ§„κ΅­μ—κ²ŒλŠ” ν•„μš”μΉ˜ μ•Šκ²Œ 돼 λ²„λ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:38
weren't really needed.
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07:40
And they remain unused today.
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μ§€κΈˆλ„ κ³ μŠ€λž€νžˆ λ‚¨μ•„μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:43
So here's an idea.
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μ—¬κΈ° 아이디어가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:45
As a first step,
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첫 λ‹¨κ³„λ‘œ
07:47
why don't we start spending those unused,
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이 μ‚¬μš©λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€
07:50
those extra SDRs that were printed in 2009,
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2009년에 λ°œν–‰λœ μΆ”κ°€ SDR을
07:53
to combat climate change?
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κΈ°ν›„λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό λ§‰λŠ”λ° μ“°λŠ” 건 μ–΄λ–¨κΉŒμš”?
07:55
They could, for example,
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κ°€λŠ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:57
be used to buy bonds issued by the UN's Green Climate Fund.
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κ°€λ Ή, UN의 λ…Ήμƒ‰κΈ°ν›„κΈ°κΈˆμ—μ„œ λ°œν–‰ν•œ μ±„κΆŒμ„ μ‚¬λŠ” 데 μ“Έ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:02
This was a fund created in 2009,
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λ…Ήμƒ‰κΈ°ν›„κΈ°κΈˆμ€ 2009년에 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§„ 기금으둜
08:05
following that climate agreement in Copenhagen.
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μ½”νŽœν•˜κ² κΈ°ν›„ν˜‘μ •μ— λ”°λ₯Έ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:09
And it was designed to channel funds towards developing countries
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이것은 κ°œλ°œλ„μƒκ΅­μœΌλ‘œ μžκΈˆμ„ 보내도둝 μ„€κ³„λ˜μ–΄
08:14
to meet their climate projects.
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그듀이 κΈ°ν›„ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈλ₯Ό μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜λ„λ‘ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:16
It's been one of the most successful funds of its type,
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이런 μ’…λ₯˜λ‘œλŠ” κ°€μž₯ μ„±κ³΅ν•œ κΈ°κΈˆμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:19
raising almost 10 billion dollars.
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100μ–΅ λ‹¬λŸ¬λ₯Ό λͺ¨μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:21
But if we use those extra SDRs that were issued,
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그런데 λ§Œμ•½ μΆ”κ°€ λ°œν–‰λœ SDR을 μ‚¬μš©ν•œλ‹€λ©΄
08:25
it helps governments get back on track,
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정뢀듀을 μ›λž˜ κ³„νšμœΌλ‘œ λŒλ €λ†“λŠ”λ° 도움을 쀄 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:28
to meet that promise of 100 billion dollars a year
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κΈˆμœ΅μœ„κΈ°λ‘œ μ–΄κΈ‹λ‚˜ 버린 μ—°κ°„ 천 μ–΅ λ‹¬λŸ¬μ˜ 약속을 μ§€ν‚€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:31
that was derailed by the financial crisis.
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08:35
It could also --
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그리고 λ˜ν•œ
08:37
it could also serve as a test case.
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μ‹€ν—˜μ μΈ 사둀가 될 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:42
If the inflationary consequences of using SDRs in this way are benign,
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이런 μ‹μœΌλ‘œ SDR을 μ‚¬μš©ν•΄ 보고 μΈν”Œλ ˆμ΄μ…˜μ΄ μ™„λ§Œν•˜λ‹€λ©΄
08:48
it could be used to justify
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5λ…„λ§ˆλ‹€ 좔가적인 SDR λ°œν–‰μ΄ 정당화될 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:50
the additional, extra issuance of SDRs, say, every five years,
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08:55
again, with the commitment
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선진ꡭ이 μžμ‹ λ“€μ˜ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ™Έν™˜λ³΄μœ κ³  지뢄을
08:57
that developed-market countries would direct their share
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λ…Ήμƒ‰κΈ°ν›„κΈ°κΈˆμœΌλ‘œ λ³΄λ‚΄κ² λ‹€λŠ” 약속과 ν•¨κ»˜ 말이죠.
09:02
of the new reserves
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09:03
to the Green Climate Fund.
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09:07
Printing international money in this way has several advantages
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이런 μ‹μ˜ κ΅­μ œν†΅ν™” λ°œν–‰μ€ κ΅­λ‚΄ ν†΅ν™”λ°œν–‰μ— λΉ„ν•΄
09:10
over printing national currencies.
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μ—¬λŸ¬ μž₯점이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:13
The first is it's really easy to argue
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μš°μ„  μ†μ‰¬μš΄ μ£Όμž₯은
09:16
that spending money to mitigate climate change benefits everyone.
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κΈ°ν›„λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό μ™„ν™”ν•˜λŠ”λ° μ“°λŠ” λˆμ€ λͺ¨λ‘λ₯Ό 이둭게 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:21
No one section of society benefits from the printing press over another.
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μ‚¬νšŒ 곳곳에 ν˜œνƒμ„ 주기에 μΈμ‡„κΈ°λ§Œν•œ 것도 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:25
That problem of competing claims is mitigated.
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μƒμΆ©λ˜λŠ” μš”κ΅¬λ“€μ˜ λ¬Έμ œλŠ” μ™„ν™”λ˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:29
It's also fair to say
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νƒ€λ‹Ήν•˜λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°λ˜λŠ” 것은
09:30
that because it takes so many countries to agree to issue these extra SDRs,
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λ§Žμ€ λ‚˜λΌλ“€μ΄ 좔가적인 SDR λ°œν–‰μ— λ™μ˜ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
09:35
it's highly unlikely that money printing would get out of control.
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ν™”νλ°œν–‰μ΄ ν†΅μ œλΆˆλŠ₯이 λ˜μ§€λŠ” μ•Šμ„ κ±°λΌλŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:40
What you end up with is a collective, global action
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κ²°κ΅­ 우리의 집단적, 세계적 λ°©μ•ˆμ€
09:46
aimed -- and it's controlled global action --
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ν†΅μ œλœ 세계적 λ°©μ•ˆμΌν…λ°
09:50
aimed at a global good.
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세계적 곡읡을 μœ„ν•¨μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:53
And,
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그리고 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν™”νλ°œν–‰ κ³„νšμ„ 톡해 배웠듯이
09:54
as we've learned with the money-printing schemes,
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09:57
whatever concerns we have can be allayed by rules.
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우리의 μ–΄λ– ν•œ 걱정도 κ·œμΉ™μœΌλ‘œ κ°€λΌμ•‰νž 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:00
So, for example,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄
10:02
the issuance of these extra SDRs every five years could be capped,
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5λ…„λ§ˆλ‹€ 좔가적인 SDR을 λ°œν–‰ν•  λ•Œ ν•œλ„λ₯Ό λ‘˜ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:07
such that this international currency is never more than five percent
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이런 κ΅­μ œν†΅ν™”λŠ” ꡭ제 μ™Έν™˜λ³΄μœ κ³ μ˜
10:13
of global foreign exchange reserves.
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5%λ₯Ό λ„˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λŠ” μ‹μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:15
That's important because it would allay
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μ™„ν™”μ‹œν‚¬ 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 게 μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:17
well, let's say, the ridiculous concerns that the US might have
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, 미ꡭ이 κ°€μ§€λŠ” ν„°λ¬΄λ‹ˆμ—†λŠ” 걱정은
10:21
that the SDR could ever challenge the dollar's dominant role
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SDR이 κ΅­μ œκΈˆμœ΅μ—μ„œ λ‹¬λŸ¬μ˜ ꡭ제적 μœ„μƒμ—
10:26
in international finance.
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λ§žμ„œκ²Œ 될 κ±°λΌλŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:28
And in fact,
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사싀은
10:30
I think the only thing that the SDR would likely steal from the dollar
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제 생각은 이 κ³„νš ν•˜μ—μ„œ SDR이 λ‹¬λŸ¬λ‘œλΆ€ν„° λΉΌμ•—μ•„ μ˜€λŠ” 것은
10:33
under this scheme
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10:34
is its nickname, the "greenback."
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λ‹¬λŸ¬μ˜ 별λͺ… "녹색지폐(greenback)"μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:38
Because even with that cap in place,
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ ν•œλ„λ₯Ό 둔닀해도
10:42
the IMF could have followed up its issuance --
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IMFλŠ” 2009λ…„μ˜ λ§‰λŒ€ν•œ SDR λ°œν–‰μ— μ΄μ–΄μ„œ μΆ”κ°€λ‘œ
10:45
its massive issuance of SDRs in 2009 --
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10:48
with a further 200 billion dollars of SDRs in 2014.
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2014년에 2μ²œμ–΅ λ‹¬λŸ¬μ˜ SDR λ°œν–‰μ΄ κ°€λŠ₯ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:54
So hypothetically,
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κ°€μ •ν•΄ 보자면
10:58
that would mean that developed countries could have contributed
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선진ꡭ이 3μ²œμ–΅ λ‹¬λŸ¬μ˜ SDR을
11:01
up to 300 billion dollars' worth of SDRs
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λ…Ήμƒ‰κΈ°ν›„κΈ°κΈˆμ— κΈ°μ—¬ν•  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ—ˆμ„ 것을 μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:05
to the Green Climate Fund.
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11:08
That's 30 times what it has today.
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ν˜„μž¬ λ…Ήμƒ‰κΈ°ν›„κΈ°κΈˆμ˜ 30λ°°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€..
11:11
And you know,
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μ—„μ²­ κ±°μ°½ν•˜κ²Œ λ“€λ¦¬μ§€λ§Œ
11:12
as spectacular as that sounds,
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11:15
it's only just beginning to look like "whatever it takes."
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"무슨 수λ₯Ό 쓰더라도"의 첫 κ±ΈμŒμ— λΆˆκ³Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
κ·Έ 돈으둜 μ–΄λ–€ λ†€λΌμš΄ 일을 ν•  수 μžˆμ„μ§€ 생각해 λ³΄λŠ” λ‹¨κ³„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:21
And just to think what amazing things could be done with that money,
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11:24
consider this:
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생각해 λ³΄μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
11:26
in 2009,
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2009년에
11:28
Norway promised one billion dollars of its reserves to Brazil
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λ…Έλ₯΄μ›¨μ΄λŠ” λΈŒλΌμ§ˆμ—κ²Œ 10μ–΅ λ‹¬λŸ¬ μ œκ³΅μ„ μ•½μ†ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:33
if they followed through on their goals on deforestation.
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브라질이 μ‚Όλ¦ΌνŒŒκ΄΄λ₯Ό λ§‰λŠ” λͺ©ν‘œλ₯Ό μ™„μˆ˜ν•œλ‹€λŠ” μ‘°κ±΄μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:38
That program has since delivered a 70 percent reduction in deforestation
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κ·Έ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ΄ μ§€λ‚œ 10λ…„κ°„ μ‚Όλ¦ΌνŒŒκ΄΄μ˜ 70% 감좕을 이루어 λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:44
in the past decade.
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11:46
That's saving 3.2 billion tons of carbon dioxide emissions,
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32μ–΅ν†€μ˜ μ΄μ‚°ν™”νƒ„μ†Œ λ°°μΆœμ„ μ€„μ—¬μ£Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:51
which is the equivalent of taking all American cars off the roads
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미ꡭ의 전체 μžλ™μ°¨λ₯Ό λ„λ‘œμ—μ„œ 치운 것과 λ§žλ¨ΉλŠ” νš¨κ³Όμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:55
for three whole years.
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3λ…„ λ™μ•ˆμ΄λ‚˜μš”.
11:59
So what could we do
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 세계적인 규λͺ¨λ‘œ μ‘°μ§ν™”λœ
12:01
with 300 other pay-for-performance climate projects like that,
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μ„±κ³Όλ³„λ‘œ μ§€κΈ‰ν•˜λŠ” κΈ°ν›„ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈ 300κ°œλ‘œλŠ” μ–΄λ””κΉŒμ§€ ν•΄λ‚ΌκΉŒμš”?
12:06
organized on a global scale?
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12:09
We could take cars off the roads for a generation.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν•œ μ„ΈλŒ€λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ λ„λ‘œμ—μ„œ 차듀을 μΉ˜μ›Œλ²„λ¦΄ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:13
So,
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λ”°λΌμ„œ
12:15
let's not quibble about whether we can afford to fund climate change.
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기후변화에 κΈ°κΈˆμ„ 댈 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ˜₯μ‹ κ°μ‹ ν•˜μ§€λŠ” λ§™μ‹œλ‹€.
12:20
The real question is:
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μ§„μ§œ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ€,
12:23
Do we care enough about future generations
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ―Έλž˜μ„ΈλŒ€μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ§„μ •μœΌλ‘œ κ±±μ •ν•˜λŠ”κ°€ 이며
12:26
to take the very same policy risks we took to save the financial system?
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κΈˆμœ΅μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ„ κ΅¬μ œν•˜λ €κ³  썼던 정책적 μœ„ν—˜μ„ λ˜‘κ°™μ΄ κ°μˆ˜ν• κΉŒ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:32
After all,
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κ²°κ΅­
12:34
we could do it,
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μš°λ¦¬λ„ ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆμ„ 것이고
12:36
we did do it
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν–ˆλ˜ κ²ƒμ΄λ©΄μ„œ
12:37
and we are doing it today.
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μ§€κΈˆλ„ ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:39
We must, must, must do "whatever it takes."
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ "무슨 수λ₯Ό 쓰더라도" ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:45
Thank you.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:46
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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