The Future Will Be Shaped by Optimists | Kevin Kelly | TED

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2022-04-21 ・ TED


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The Future Will Be Shaped by Optimists | Kevin Kelly | TED

178,216 views ・ 2022-04-21

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Hyunjin LEE κ²€ν† : DK Kim
00:04
I want to try and persuade you
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ™œ λ‚™κ΄€μ μ΄μ–΄μ•Όλ§Œ ν•˜λŠ”μ§€
00:06
that there are reasons why we should be optimistic in general.
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κ·Έ 이유λ₯Ό λ§μ”€λ“œλ €λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:12
And that’s a very difficult thing to do today
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚ μ—λŠ” μ•„μ£Ό μ–΄λ €μš΄ 일이죠.
00:14
because we are confronting tremendous problems in this world.
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이 μ„Έκ³„λŠ” μ—„μ²­λ‚œ λ¬Έμ œλ“€μ„ μ§λ©΄ν•˜κ³  μžˆμœΌλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
00:21
Things like global climate change,
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세계 κΈ°ν›„ λ³€ν™”λŠ” ν•΄κ²°ν•˜κΈ°κ°€ 거의 λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•œ 것 κ°™κ³ 
00:23
which seem almost impossible to solve,
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00:26
or social inequality,
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μ‚¬νšŒμ  λΆˆν‰λ“±μ€ λ„“κ²Œ 퍼쑌고 μ—†μ• κΈ° μ–΄λ €μ›Œ 보이죠.
00:27
which seems endemic and difficult to eliminate.
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00:32
The scale of these problems though
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그런데 이런 λ¬Έμ œλ“€μ˜ 규λͺ¨λŠ”
00:34
is even more reason why we should be optimistic.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ‚™κ΄€μ μ΄μ–΄μ•Όλ§Œ ν•˜λŠ” 더 큰 μ΄μœ κ°€ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:38
Because what we know is that in the past,
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ κ³Όκ±°μ—λŠ”
00:43
every great and difficult thing that has been accomplished,
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λͺ¨λ“  μœ„λŒ€ν•˜κ³  μ–΄λ €μš΄ 일듀과 λͺ¨λ“  획기적인 μΌλ“€μ˜ μ™„λ£Œμ—λŠ”
00:46
every breakthrough,
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그것을 ν•΄λ‚Ό 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ”
00:48
has in fact required
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00:53
a very strong sense of optimism
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μ•„μ£Ό κ°•ν•œ 낙관적인 μžμ„Έκ°€ ν•„μš”ν–ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:56
that it was possible.
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00:57
Think of the first airplanes.
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졜초의 λΉ„ν–‰κΈ°μ²˜λŸΌ 말이죠.
01:00
It’s hard enough
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μ˜λ„λ₯Ό 가지고 λ­”κ°€ 쒋은 것을
01:01
to create something good and great deliberately and with intention.
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κ³„νšμ μœΌλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ λ‚΄λŠ” 것은 정말 μ–΄λ ΅μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:08
And it’s no guarantee,
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κ²Œλ‹€κ°€ 보μž₯된 것도 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:11
just because we believe something will happen that it will happen,
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단지 일어날 것이라고 λ―ΏλŠ”λ‹€ ν•΄μ„œ 정말 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” 것은 μ•„λ‹ˆλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ–΄λ–€ 일이 일어날 수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  믿지 μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λ©΄,
01:15
but we do know that unless we believe that something can happen,
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01:19
it’s not going to happen inadvertently by itself.
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μ–΄λ–€ 일이 슀슀둜 μš°μ—°νžˆ 일어날 일은 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:23
And so it becomes really important
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ›ν•˜λŠ” 세상을 μƒμƒν•˜κ³ ,
01:28
that we imagine a world that we want,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ›ν•˜λŠ” 해결책을 꿈꾸고,
01:30
that we imagine solutions we want
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•΄λ‚Ό 수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  λ―ΏλŠ” 것이 정말 μ€‘μš”ν•΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:32
and believe that we can make them happen.
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01:35
And that belief in making something impossible happen
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그리고 λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•œ 것을 ν•΄λ‚Ό 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 믿음이
01:40
is what has shaped our future so far.
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μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ 우리의 미래λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:43
So our own history has been basically shaped by optimists,
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기본적으둜 우리의 μ—­μ‚¬λŠ” λ‚™κ΄€μ£Όμ˜μžλ“€μ΄ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ™”κ³ ,
01:48
and if we want to shape the future,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 미래λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ λ‚΄κ³ μž ν•œλ‹€λ©΄ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 낙관적이어야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:51
we need to be optimistic.
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01:53
That world that we’re shaping is not a world that’s perfect.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄κ°€λŠ” 세상은 μ™„λ²½ν•œ 세상이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:56
It’s not perfection,
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μ™„λ²½ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³ , λ¬Έμ œκ°€ λŠμ΄μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:57
there’s no lack of problems,
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01:59
there’s no absence of bad things.
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λ‚˜μœ 일듀이 계속 μƒκ²¨λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:02
It is totally not utopia.
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μœ ν† ν”Όμ•„κ°€ μ „ν˜€ μ•„λ‹ˆμ£ .
02:06
It’s what I would call pro-topia:
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ν”„λ‘œ-ν† ν”Όμ•„λ‘œ λΆ€λ₯Ό 수 μžˆμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:08
a world in which things are a little bit better.
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μ‘°κΈˆμ”© λ‚˜μ•„μ§€κ³  μžˆλŠ” 세상이죠.
02:13
And that sense of optimism is a perspective
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λ‚™κ΄€μ£Όμ˜μ μΈ 관점은
02:17
where we expect the world to yield a little bit more good than bad,
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세상에 λ‚˜μœ κ²ƒλ³΄λ‹€λŠ” 쒋은 것이 쑰금 더 많기λ₯Ό κΈ°λŒ€ν•˜κ³ 
02:22
to have a few more reasons to hope than to fear.
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λ‘λ €μ›Œν•˜κΈ°λ³΄λ‹¨ 희망을 ν’ˆμ„ μ΄μœ κ°€ 쑰금 더 많기λ₯Ό κΈ°λŒ€ν•˜μ£ .
02:26
And optimism definitely is not just a sunny temperament,
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λ‚™κ΄€μ£Όμ˜λŠ” κ·Έμ € μΎŒν™œν•œ κΈ°μ§ˆλ‘œμ„œ
02:30
a kind of a blindness to the realities of the world's problems
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세계 λ¬Έμ œλ“€μ˜ ν˜„μ‹€μ„ λ¬΄μ‹œν•˜κ±°λ‚˜
02:35
or some kind of Pollyanna self-delusion.
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μ§€λ‚˜μΉœ λ‚™μ²œμ£Όμ˜μžμ˜ 자기 망상이 μ ˆλŒ€ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:40
Instead, optimism is based on the fact of historical progress,
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λŒ€μ‹ , λ‚™κ΄€μ£Όμ˜λŠ” 역사 λ°œμ „μ˜ 사싀을 λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:46
that if we transcend anecdote
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즉, μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ§Œμ•½ 일화λ₯Ό λ›°μ–΄λ„˜μ–΄μ„œ
02:49
and look at data in a scientific, rational way,
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과학적이고 μ΄μ„±μ μœΌλ‘œ 데이터λ₯Ό λ³Έλ‹€λ©΄,
02:53
that we can see that the evidence says
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κ·Έ 증거듀을 톡해 ν‰κ· μ μœΌλ‘œ
02:56
that on average,
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02:57
on a global scale over time,
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μ§€λ‚œ 500λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ 세계적인 규λͺ¨μ—μ„œ
03:00
over the last 500 years,
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03:02
there has been incremental improvement over time.
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점진적인 κ°œμ„ μ΄ μžˆμ—ˆμŒμ„ μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:05
If it’s real then why don’t we see more of it?
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이것이 사싀이라면 μ™œ 더 보이지 μ•Šμ„κΉŒμš”?
03:08
Why are so many people pessimistic?
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μ™œ 그리 λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ λΉ„κ΄€μ μΌκΉŒμš”?
03:09
And I think there are three reasons why.
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제 μƒκ°μ—λŠ” μ΄μœ κ°€ μ„Έ 가지 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:11
One is that most of what progress is about is about what does not happen.
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μš°μ„  μ§„λ³΄μ˜ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ€ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” 것에 μƒκ²Όλ‹€λŠ” μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:17
It’s about all the things that could have happened that didn’t happen today.
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일어날 수 μžˆμ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ μ§€κΈˆμ€ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” λͺ¨λ“  μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:20
It’s about the two-year-old child who did not die of smallpox.
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μ²œμ—°λ‘λ‘œ 죽지 μ•ŠλŠ” 2μ‚΄ μ•„μ΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:25
It’s about the family farmers
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ν’λ…„μ˜ μˆ˜ν™•λ¬Όμ„ μŠ΅κ²©μžλ“€μ—κ²Œ 빼앗기지 μ•ŠλŠ”
03:27
whose year of surplus food was not stolen by raiders.
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농뢀 κ°€μ‘±μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:32
They don't make the headlines.
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이런 일듀은 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:34
And the second reason is that bad things happen faster than good things.
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두 λ²ˆμ§ΈλŠ” λ‚˜μœ 일이 쒋은 일보닀 더 빨리 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:38
Good things take time.
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쒋은 일은 μ‹œκ°„μ΄ κ±Έλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:40
When we are compressing our news cycle to the last five minutes
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μ§€λ‚œ 5λΆ„κ³Ό μ•žμœΌλ‘œ 5λΆ„μ˜ λ‰΄μŠ€λ“€μ„ μ••μΆ•ν•΄λ³Έλ‹€λ©΄
03:43
and the next five minutes,
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03:45
all the things that have changed in the last five minutes
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5λΆ„κ°„ 바뀐 것듀은 μ „λΆ€ λ‹€ μ•ˆ 쒋은 κ²ƒλ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:48
are kind of bad stuff
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03:49
because good stuff takes longer.
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쒋은 일은 μ‹œκ°„μ΄ 더 걸리기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
03:52
If we were to make newspapers and websites
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λ§Œμ•½ μ‹ λ¬Έμ΄λ‚˜ μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλ₯Ό
맀 100λ…„λ§ˆλ‹€ μƒˆλ‘œ λ°”κΎΌλ‹€λ©΄
03:58
to be updated every 100 years,
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04:01
we’d have a very different set of headlines.
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μ§€κΈˆκ³Ό μ•„μ£Ό λ‹€λ₯Έ 기사 제λͺ©λ“€μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:03
The third reason is that because societies that are capable of creating
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μ„Έ 번째 μ΄μœ λŠ” μ‚¬νšŒκ°€ 맀년 νŒŒκ΄΄ν•˜λŠ” 것보닀
04:09
just a few percent more good than they destroy every year,
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쑰금 더 μ°½μ‘°ν•΄λ‚Ό 수 μžˆλŠ” λŠ₯λ ₯이 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:14
if you have a society that’s capable
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λ§Œμ•½ μ–΄λ–€ ν•œ μ‚¬νšŒκ°€
04:16
of making just a few percent more than it destroys,
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νŒŒκ΄΄ν•˜λŠ” 것에 λΉ„ν•΄ μ‘°κΈˆμ΄λΌλ„ 더 많이 μ°½μ‘°ν•΄λ‚Ό 수 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄
04:21
then over time,
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μ‹œκ°„μ΄ μ§€λ‚˜λ¨„μ„œ κ·Έ μ‘°κΈˆλ“€μ€ 점점 λΆˆμ–΄λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:22
that few percent is compounded.
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04:25
And that is what civilization is.
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그것이 λ°”λ‘œ λ¬Έλͺ…μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:27
So that one percent, few percent, is almost invisible
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κ·Έ 1%, μ•„μ£Ό 적은 λΉ„μœ¨μ˜ 창쑰물듀은
49%의 μ“°λ ˆκΈ°μ™€ νŒŒλ©Έμ— λ‘˜λŸ¬μ‹Έμ—¬ 거의 보이지도 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:32
in the noise of the 49-percent crap and destruction around it.
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04:37
So we don’t see it
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λ’€λ₯Ό λŒμ•„ κ³Όκ±°λ₯Ό 보지 μ•ŠλŠ” ν•œ λ³Ό 수 μ—†λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:38
unless we turn around and look back into the past.
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04:42
So it’s possible that after 500 years of progress,
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500λ…„ λ™μ•ˆμ˜ 진보가
04:46
it could stop tomorrow.
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내일 λ‹Ήμž₯ λ©ˆμΆ”λŠ” 것도 κ°€λŠ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:50
But it’s unlikely
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 그럴 κ°€λŠ₯성은 μ•„μ£Ό 적고
04:53
and very, very probable that that long-term trend will continue,
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μž₯κΈ°κ°„μ˜ μΆ”μ„Έκ°€ 계속될 κ°€λŠ₯성이 μ•„μ£Ό μ•„μ£Ό λ†’μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:56
at least for the rest of your lives.
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적어도 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ‚΄μ•„ μžˆλŠ” λ™μ•ˆμ€μš”.
04:59
So this optimism makes us realists
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ‚™κ΄€μ£Όμ˜λŠ” 우리 μžμ‹ μ„
05:02
in aligning ourselves with this long history
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역사적 μ§„λ³΄μ˜ κΈ΄ 역사와 ν•¨κ»˜ κ°€λŠ”
05:05
of historical progress.
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ν˜„μ‹€μ£Όμ˜μžλ‘œ λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:07
And that’s the first reason we should be optimistic.
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이것이 λ‚™κ΄€μ£Όμ˜μžκ°€ λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ” 첫 번째 μ΄μœ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:10
And the second reason is that civilization is a mechanism
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두 번째 μ΄μœ λŠ”
λ¬Έλͺ…은 μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ κ°œμ„ λ“€μ„ μ΄λ€„λ‚΄λŠ” ꡬ쑰인데
05:15
to make these improvements
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05:17
that relies on the fact that we’re optimistically trusting others.
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이것은 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ‚™κ΄€μ μœΌλ‘œ λ‹€λ₯Έ 이듀을 μ‹ λ’°ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 사싀에 μ˜κ±°ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:21
We have total strangers that we can collaborate,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ „ν˜€ λ‚―μ„  이듀과 ν•¨κ»˜ 일할 수 있으며
05:24
and that collaboration allows us to make things beyond ourselves
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이 ν˜‘μ—…μ€ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 것보닀 더 λ§Žμ€ 것을 ν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:28
that are bigger than just what we can do.
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05:30
That requires trust,
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이것은 μ‹ λ’°λ₯Ό ν•„μš”λ‘œ ν•˜κ³  μ‹ λ’°λŠ” λ‚™κ΄€μ£Όμ˜μ˜ ν•œ μœ ν˜•μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:31
and trust is a type of optimism.
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05:33
But in addition to kind of cooperating
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그런데 지ꡬ 상 λ‚―μ„  이듀 νŒ”μ‹­μ–΅ λͺ…κ³Ό
05:36
with the eight billion total strangers on this planet accomplishing great things,
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ν˜‘μ—…μ„ ν•΄μ„œ 멋진 일을 μ΄λ£¨λŠ” 것과 λ”λΆˆμ–΄
05:40
we can also trust future generations.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ‹€μŒ μ„ΈλŒ€λ„ μ‹ λ’°ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:44
The billions of people yet unborn into the future.
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아직 νƒœμ–΄λ‚˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ μˆ˜μ‹­μ–΅ λͺ…λ“€μ΄μš”.
05:48
Right now, today, we are benefiting from the work of previous generations
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이전 μ„ΈλŒ€κ°€ 일ꡰ 것듀을 λˆ„λ¦¬κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:53
who undergone to create infrastructure --
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그듀은 이 기반 μ‹œμ„€λ“€μ„ λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:55
roads canals, skyscrapers, telephone networks --
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λ„λ‘œ, μš΄ν•˜, κ³ μΈ΅ 건물듀, 톡신망 λ“±λ“± μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν˜„μž¬ λˆ„λ¦¬κ³  있죠.
05:58
that we are now enjoying.
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06:01
In fact, we may be enjoying more benefits than they have back in the past
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사싀, 처음 그것듀을 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ‚Έ 과거의 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€λ³΄λ‹€
μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 더 많이 λˆ„λ¦¬κ³  μžˆλŠ”μ§€λ„ λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:06
when they began.
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06:07
So they have been acting as good ancestors for us,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆ 그듀은 μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ 쒋은 μ„ μ‘°λ“€λ‘œ ν–‰λ™ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:11
and sometimes even sacrificing
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λ•Œλ‘œλŠ” 그듀은 희생을 ν•΄μ„œ
06:13
what could have been immediate yields and benefits
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λˆˆμ•žμ— 있던 μˆ˜ν™•κ³Ό 이읡을
06:17
and postponing them until future generations.
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λ‹€μŒ μ„ΈλŒ€κ°€ λˆ„λ¦΄ λ•ŒκΉŒμ§€ λŠ¦μΆ”κΈ°λ„ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:20
We also want to be good ancestors,
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μš°λ¦¬λ„ 쒋은 μ„ μ‘°κ°€ 되고 μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:22
and being good ancestors trying to move benefits to the future generations
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λ‹€μŒ μ„ΈλŒ€λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ 이읡을 λ―Έλ£¨λŠ” 쒋은 μ„ μ‘°κ°€ λ˜λŠ” 것은
06:26
is an act of optimism.
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λ‚™κ΄€μ£Όμ˜μ  ν–‰λ™μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:28
One, because we believe that there will be future generations,
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ν•˜λ‚˜, λ‹€μŒ μ„ΈλŒ€κ°€ μžˆμ„ 것이라고 λ―ΏκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄κ³ 
λ‘˜, 기꺼이 λ‹Ήμž₯의 이읡을 ν¬μƒν•˜κ³ 
06:31
and two, because we are willing to sacrifice immediate gains
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06:34
in order to postpone --
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λ―Έλž˜μ— 더 λ§Žμ€ 이읡을 μ–»μœΌλ € ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:36
have more gains into the future --
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06:37
that investment.
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νˆ¬μžν•˜λŠ” 것이죠.
06:39
Being a good ancestor enables us to actually accomplish things
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쒋은 μ„ μ‘°κ°€ λ˜λŠ” 것은
ν˜„μž¬ ν•œ 개인이 ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 것 이상을 μ„±μ·¨ν•  수 있게 해쀄 뿐 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
06:43
not just beyond what we can do individually in the present,
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μ—¬λŸ¬ μ„ΈλŒ€μ— 걸쳐 ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 것 이상을 ν•  수 있게 ν•΄μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:46
but what we can do over time.
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06:48
So when we trust the future,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 미래λ₯Ό μ‹ λ’°ν•˜λ©΄
06:50
one of the things that we are understanding
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ•Œ 수 μžˆλŠ” 것은 λ‹€μŒ μ„ΈλŒ€κ°€
06:52
is that future generations not only have better living standards
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μ§„λ³΄λ‘œ 인해 μƒν™œ 쑰건이 더 μ’‹μ•„μ§ˆ 뿐 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
06:57
because of progress,
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06:58
but they also have more capability to solve problems
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문제λ₯Ό 더 잘 ν•΄κ²°ν•  수 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμ΄λΌλŠ” μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:01
because there’s more knowledge
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그듀은 지식이 더 많고 도ꡬ도 더 쒋을 κ²ƒμ΄λ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
07:03
and because they have better tools.
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07:05
And so we can trust that.
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λ”°λΌμ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ‹ λ’°ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:06
We can trust the fact that in the future,
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μ•žμœΌλ‘œ 미래 μ„ΈλŒ€κ°€
07:09
future generations will be able to solve problems
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν’€ 수 μ—†μ—ˆλ˜ 문제λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•  수 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž„μ„ 믿을 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:11
that we cannot solve ourselves.
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07:13
So that means that we should be optimistic
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 낙관적이어야 ν•˜λŠ” μ΄μœ λŠ”
07:17
not because we believe that our problems are smaller than we thought.
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우리의 λ¬Έμ œλ“€μ΄ 생각보닀 μž‘μ•„μ„œκ°€ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:22
We should be optimistic because we believe
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 낙관적이어야 ν•˜λŠ” μ΄μœ λŠ”
07:25
that our capacity to solve problems is greater than we thought.
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우리의 문제 ν•΄κ²° λŠ₯λ ₯이 생각보닀 크기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:29
So that’s a second reason to be optimistic.
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이것이 λ‚™κ΄€μ£Όμ˜μžκ°€ λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•  두 번째 μ΄μœ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:31
The third one has to do with problems
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μ„Έ λ²ˆμ§ΈλŠ” 기회둜 μœ„μž₯ν•œ λ¬Έμ œλ“€κ³Ό 관련이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:33
which are really disguised as opportunities.
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07:37
OK, so optimists don’t shun problems.
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λ‚™κ΄€μ£Όμ˜μžλ“€μ€ 문제λ₯Ό ν”Όν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:41
Optimism is about embracing problems,
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λ‚™κ΄€μ£Όμ˜λŠ” 문제λ₯Ό μΈμ •ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:44
because it’s problems that make solutions
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λ¬Έμ œκ°€ 해결책을 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ‚΄κ³ 
07:47
and solutions that make problems.
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해결책이 문제λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ‚΄λ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
07:49
So I believe that most of the problems we have today
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ λ¬Έμ œλ“€μ€
07:53
are generated by the solutions of the past.
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과거의 ν•΄κ²°μ±…μ—μ„œ νƒœμ–΄λ‚¬λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:57
And the great one is this climate change.
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κΈ°ν›„ λ³€ν™”κ°€ 그쀑 큰 것이죠.
07:59
The solution in the past was artificial power --
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과거의 해결책은 인간이 λ§Œλ“  νž˜μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:02
β€œWhere do we get it?”
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β€œμ–΄λ””μ„œ 얻어내지?” β€œκ·Έλž˜ 이게 μ’‹κ² κ΅°.”
08:03
β€œOK, here it is.”
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08:04
But now it makes the problem now.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ§€κΈˆμ€ 그게 λ¬Έμ œκ°€ λ˜μ—ˆμ£ .
08:06
That means that today,
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즉 μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚ , 우리의 ν•΄κ²°μ±… λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ€
08:07
most of the solutions that we have
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08:09
will be generating the problems of the future.
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λ―Έλž˜μ— λ¬Έμ œλ“€μ„ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ λ‚Ό κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:11
And there will be more problems
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그리고 λ¬Έμ œκ°€ 더 많이 생길 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:13
because new solutions create many more problems.
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 해결책듀은 더 λ§Žμ€ λ¬Έμ œλ“€μ„ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ λ‚΄λ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
08:16
In the same way, when science answers a question,
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이와 같이, 과학이 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ— λŒ€λ‹΅μ„ ν•˜λ©΄
08:20
that answer will generate two or three new questions --
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κ·Έ λŒ€λ‹΅μ—μ„œ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 질문 두세 가지가 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:24
things that we didn’t even know we didn’t know.
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λͺ¨λ₯Έλ‹€λŠ” 것쑰차 λͺ°λžλ˜ 그런 μ§ˆλ¬Έλ“€μ΄μ£ .
08:26
And so, in a peculiar way,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ νŠΉμ΄ν•œ λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ,
08:27
science is expanding our ignorance faster than our knowledge.
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과학은 우리의 지식보닀 무지λ₯Ό 더 빨리 λ„“νžˆκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:31
So we have an unlimited pool of questions and problems.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆ 질문과 λ¬Έμ œλŠ” 끝이 μ—†μ£ .
08:37
But problems don’t impede progress.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ¬Έμ œλŠ” 진보λ₯Ό λ°©ν•΄ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:41
Problems are the conduit of progress.
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λ¬Έμ œλŠ” 진보λ₯Ό λΆˆλŸ¬μ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:43
No problems, no progress.
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λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μ—†μœΌλ©΄, 진보도 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:46
That is why I reject utopia,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ €λŠ” μœ ν† ν”Όμ•„λ₯Ό κ±°λΆ€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:48
because there are no problems there.
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κ·Έκ³³μ—λŠ” λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μ—†κ±°λ“ μš”.
08:50
So even bad things that happen are basically possibilities
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λ‚˜μœ 일듀이 μƒκΈ°λŠ” 것은 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ ν•΄κ²°μ±…κ³Ό
08:54
that yield new solutions and better opportunities.
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더 λ‚˜μ€ κΈ°νšŒκ°€ 생길 κ°€λŠ₯성이 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:59
So in that way, problems are unlimited.
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ³Ό λ•Œ λ¬Έμ œλŠ” 끝이 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:01
There is no limit for improvement.
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λ°œμ „μ˜ ν•œκ³„λ„ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:03
So we can improve ourselves in all directions.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  λ°©ν–₯으둜 λ°œμ „ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:07
So we have a choice about optimism.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ‚™κ΄€μ£Όμ˜λ₯Ό μ„ νƒν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:09
It’s not a temperament.
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λ‚™κ΄€μ£Όμ˜λŠ” 기질이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:10
No matter what your temperament is you can still choose to be optimistic.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ 기질이 무엇이든 낙관적인 μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ 될 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:14
And gigantic problems require gigantic optimism.
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κ±°λŒ€ν•œ λ¬Έμ œλ“€μ€ κ±°λŒ€ν•œ λ‚™κ΄€μ£Όμ˜κ°€ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:18
We have a moral obligation to be optimistic,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 낙관적이어야 ν•  도덕적 μ˜λ¬΄κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:21
because when we’re optimistic,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 낙관적일 λ•Œ 미래λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€ 수 있고,
09:22
we can shape the future,
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09:24
we can become better ancestors,
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더 λ‚˜μ€ μ„ μ‘°κ°€ λ˜μ–΄,
09:28
we can expand our reach --
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우리의 ν•œκ³„λ₯Ό λ„“νžˆκ³ 
09:29
create things bigger than ourselves.
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μžμ‹ λ³΄λ‹€ 더 큰 것을 μ°½μ‘°ν•  수 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:32
And we can be a realist in aligning ourselves with this long arc of history
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이 κΈ΄ μ—­μ‚¬μ˜ 흐름에 맞좰
09:36
and embracing problems as opportunities.
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문제λ₯Ό 기회둜 λ³΄λŠ” ν˜„μ‹€μ£Όμ˜μžκ°€ 될 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:39
With optimism,
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λ‚™κ΄€μ£Όμ˜μ—μ„œ νž˜μ„ μ–»μ–΄μ„œ
09:41
we can use it as a power to kind of create the future that we want.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ›ν•˜λŠ” 미래λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:46
This is the way.
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그것이 λ°”λ‘œ κΈΈμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:47
Thank you.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:48
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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