How to take a picture of a black hole | Katie Bouman

3,360,376 views ใƒป 2017-04-28

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: SeungGyu Min ๊ฒ€ํ† : Joowon Lee
00:13
In the movie "Interstellar,"
0
13436
1860
์˜ํ™” '์ธํ„ฐ์Šคํ…”๋ผ'์—์„œ
00:15
we get an up-close look at a supermassive black hole.
1
15320
3327
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ดˆ๋Œ€ํ˜• ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์„ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:18
Set against a backdrop of bright gas,
2
18671
2143
๋ฐ์€ ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ
00:20
the black hole's massive gravitational pull
3
20838
2118
๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์˜ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ค‘๋ ฅ์€
00:22
bends light into a ring.
4
22980
1435
๋น›์„ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ์–‘์œผ๋กœ ํœ˜์–ด์ง€๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
However, this isn't a real photograph,
5
24439
2109
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ค์ œ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:26
but a computer graphic rendering --
6
26572
1786
์˜ˆ์ˆ ์  ํ•ด์„์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฏธํ•˜์—ฌ
00:28
an artistic interpretation of what a black hole might look like.
7
28382
3390
'๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
00:32
A hundred years ago,
8
32401
1166
100์—ฌ๋…„ ์ „์—
00:33
Albert Einstein first published his theory of general relativity.
9
33591
3601
์•Œ๋ฒ„ํŠธ ์•„์ธ์Šˆํƒ€์ธ์€ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ด๋ก ์ธ '์ผ๋ฐ˜์ƒ๋Œ€์„ฑ์ด๋ก '์„ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์ถœํŒํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ ์ดํ›„๋กœ
00:37
In the years since then,
10
37216
1439
00:38
scientists have provided a lot of evidence in support of it.
11
38679
2973
๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ƒ๋Œ€์„ฑ์ด๋ก ์„ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋“ค์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:41
But one thing predicted from this theory, black holes,
12
41676
3084
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์ด๋ก ์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ ํ•˜๋‚˜
๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์€ ์ง์ ‘ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋œ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
still have not been directly observed.
13
44784
2350
๋น„๋ก ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์˜ ์ƒ๊น€์ƒˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
00:47
Although we have some idea as to what a black hole might look like,
14
47158
3206
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•œ๋ฒˆ๋„ ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์„ ์ง์ ‘ ์ฐ์–ด๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:50
we've never actually taken a picture of one before.
15
50388
2779
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ์•„๋งˆ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ณง ๋ฐ”๋€” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์— ๋†€๋ž„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:53
However, you might be surprised to know that that may soon change.
16
53191
4279
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ์‚ฌ์ด ์ฐํžŒ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:57
We may be seeing our first picture of a black hole in the next couple years.
17
57494
4164
01:01
Getting this first picture will come down to an international team of scientists,
18
61682
3958
์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€ ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ ์ง€๊ตฌ๋งŒํ•œ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ๊ณผ
01:05
an Earth-sized telescope
19
65664
1567
์‚ฌ์ง„๋“ค์„ ํ•ฉ์น˜๋Š” ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
01:07
and an algorithm that puts together the final picture.
20
67255
2832
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์ฐ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
์‹ค์ œ ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์ง€๋งŒ
01:10
Although I won't be able to show you a real picture of a black hole today,
21
70111
3528
01:13
I'd like to give you a brief glimpse into the effort involved
22
73663
2911
์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ฐ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
01:16
in getting that first picture.
23
76598
1613
๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์†Œ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
My name is Katie Bouman,
24
79477
1437
์ œ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ์ผ€์ดํ‹ฐ ๋ณด๋จผ์ด๊ณ 
01:20
and I'm a PhD student at MIT.
25
80938
2566
MIT์˜ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋ฐŸ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:23
I do research in a computer science lab
26
83528
2027
์ €๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”
01:25
that works on making computers see through images and video.
27
85579
3298
์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:28
But although I'm not an astronomer,
28
88901
2162
๋น„๋ก ์ €๋Š” ์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ด์ž๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์ €๋Š”
01:31
today I'd like to show you
29
91087
1285
์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:32
how I've been able to contribute to this exciting project.
30
92396
2903
๋งŒ์•ฝ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋ฐค ๋„์‹œ์˜ ๋ฐ์€ ๋น›๋“ค์„ ์ง€๋‚˜์ณ๊ฐ€๋ฉด,
01:35
If you go out past the bright city lights tonight,
31
95323
2831
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ์€ํ•˜์ˆ˜๋ฅผ
01:38
you may just be lucky enough to see a stunning view
32
98178
2436
01:40
of the Milky Way Galaxy.
33
100638
1493
๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ–‰์šด์„ ์–ป์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ๋งŒ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ณ„๋“ค์„ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
01:42
And if you could zoom past millions of stars,
34
102155
2462
01:44
26,000 light-years toward the heart of the spiraling Milky Way,
35
104641
3755
์šดํ•˜์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ๋ถ€๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2๋งŒ 6์ฒœ๊ด‘๋…„์ด๋‚˜ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ์€ํ•˜์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‚˜
01:48
we'd eventually reach a cluster of stars right at the center.
36
108420
3521
์ค‘์‹ฌ๋ถ€ ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ๋ณ„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:51
Peering past all the galactic dust with infrared telescopes,
37
111965
3206
์šฐ์ฃผ๋จผ์ง€๋“ค์„ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ ์™ธ์„  ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ
์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์ด ๋ณ„๋“ค์„ 16๋…„ ๋„˜๊ฒŒ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:55
astronomers have watched these stars for over 16 years.
38
115195
3867
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง„๋ฉด๋ชฉ์€ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
But it's what they don't see that is the most spectacular.
39
119086
3589
์ด ๋ณ„๋“ค์€ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ฃผ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ฉค๋Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋“ฏ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:02
These stars seem to orbit an invisible object.
40
122699
3066
02:05
By tracking the paths of these stars,
41
125789
2323
์ด ๋ณ„๋“ค์˜ ๊ถค๋„๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ,
์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ๋‚ด๋ ธ์ฃ .
02:08
astronomers have concluded
42
128136
1294
02:09
that the only thing small and heavy enough to cause this motion
43
129454
3129
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์›€์ง์ž„์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์ž‘๊ณ  ๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์šด ๋ฌผ์งˆ์€
๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ์•„์ฃผ ๋†’์•„ ์ฃผ์œ„์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋นจ์•„๋“ค์ด๋Š”
02:12
is a supermassive black hole --
44
132607
1968
๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€ ๋ฟ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:14
an object so dense that it sucks up anything that ventures too close --
45
134599
4178
๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์ด ๋นจ์•„๋“ค์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋น› ๋˜ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์™ธ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:18
even light.
46
138801
1494
๋” ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
02:20
But what happens if we were to zoom in even further?
47
140319
3061
์‚ฌ์ง„์ƒ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
02:23
Is it possible to see something that, by definition, is impossible to see?
48
143404
4733
02:28
Well, it turns out that if we were to zoom in at radio wavelengths,
49
148719
3244
๋ผ๋””์˜ค ํŒŒ์žฅ์„ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
02:31
we'd expect to see a ring of light
50
151987
1682
๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€ ์ฃผ์œ„์—
02:33
caused by the gravitational lensing of hot plasma
51
153693
2411
๊ณ ์˜จ์˜ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šค๋งˆ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ Œ์ฆˆ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฒจ์„œ
02:36
zipping around the black hole.
52
156128
1829
๋น›์˜ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
In other words,
53
157981
1160
์ฆ‰
์ด ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์€ ๋ฐ์€ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ž๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ
02:39
the black hole casts a shadow on this backdrop of bright material,
54
159165
3171
์–ด๋‘ ์˜ ์˜์—ญ์„ ์กฐ๊ฐํ•ด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
carving out a sphere of darkness.
55
162360
1842
์ด ๋ฐ์€ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ค‘๋ ฅ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ•ํ•ด์ ธ์„œ
02:44
This bright ring reveals the black hole's event horizon,
56
164226
3339
๋น› ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š”
02:47
where the gravitational pull becomes so great
57
167589
2400
02:50
that not even light can escape.
58
170013
1626
๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์˜ ์ง€ํ‰์„ ์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:51
Einstein's equations predict the size and shape of this ring,
59
171663
2859
์•„์ธ์Šˆํƒ€์ธ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์€ ์ด ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ๋ชจ์–‘์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ,
02:54
so taking a picture of it wouldn't only be really cool,
60
174546
3208
์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทผ์‚ฌํ•  ๋ฟ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
02:57
it would also help to verify that these equations hold
61
177778
2618
์ด ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์ด ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ๊ทนํ•œ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ๋„
03:00
in the extreme conditions around the black hole.
62
180420
2466
์œ ์ง€๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ์ž…์ฆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
However, this black hole is so far away from us,
63
182910
2558
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ฉ€๊ธฐ์—
03:05
that from Earth, this ring appears incredibly small --
64
185492
3098
๊ฒจ์šฐ ๋‹ฌ์˜ ์˜ค๋ Œ์ง€๋งŒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
๋งค์šฐ ์ž‘๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์—ฌ์งˆ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
the same size to us as an orange on the surface of the moon.
65
188614
3590
03:12
That makes taking a picture of it extremely difficult.
66
192758
2824
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‚ฌ์ง„์— ๋‹ด๋Š”๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ต์ฃ .
03:16
Why is that?
67
196645
1302
์™œ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
03:18
Well, it all comes down to a simple equation.
68
198512
3188
๊ทธ๊ฑด ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
03:21
Due to a phenomenon called diffraction,
69
201724
2416
'ํšŒ์ ˆ'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์— ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋“ค์ด
03:24
there are fundamental limits
70
204164
1355
03:25
to the smallest objects that we can possibly see.
71
205543
2670
๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ํ•œ๊ณ„์— ๋ถ€๋”ซํžˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:28
This governing equation says that in order to see smaller and smaller,
72
208789
3672
์ด ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ์ž‘์€ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๋ณด๋ ค๋ฉด
03:32
we need to make our telescope bigger and bigger.
73
212485
2587
๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์„ ๋” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ตฌ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ด‘ํ•™ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ๋„
03:35
But even with the most powerful optical telescopes here on Earth,
74
215096
3069
03:38
we can't even get close to the resolution necessary
75
218189
2419
๋‹ฌ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ ์˜์ƒ ์ดฌ์˜์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ
03:40
to image on the surface of the moon.
76
220632
2198
ํ•ด์ƒ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•ด๋‚ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
In fact, here I show one of the highest resolution images ever taken
77
222854
3617
์ตœ์ƒ์˜ ํ•ด์ƒ๋„๋กœ ๋‹ฌ์„ ๋‹ด์€ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„
03:46
of the moon from Earth.
78
226495
1397
๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:47
It contains roughly 13,000 pixels,
79
227916
2557
13,000๊ฐœ์˜ ํ”ฝ์…€์„ ๋‹ด์€ ์‚ฌ์ง„ ์†
03:50
and yet each pixel would contain over 1.5 million oranges.
80
230497
4050
๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ํ”ฝ์…€์€ 150๋งŒ ๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์˜ค๋ Œ์ง€๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
So how big of a telescope do we need
81
235396
1972
๋‹ฌ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ ์˜ค๋ Œ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
03:57
in order to see an orange on the surface of the moon
82
237392
2765
์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์„ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํฐ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
04:00
and, by extension, our black hole?
83
240181
2214
์ˆซ์ž๋ฅผ ์ ์–ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด
04:02
Well, it turns out that by crunching the numbers,
84
242419
2340
04:04
you can easily calculate that we would need a telescope
85
244783
2610
์ง€๊ตฌ ์ „์ฒด ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์ด
ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š ๊ฑธ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
04:07
the size of the entire Earth.
86
247417
1393
04:08
(Laughter)
87
248834
1024
(์›ƒ์Œ)
๋งŒ์ผ ์ง€๊ตฌ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:09
If we could build this Earth-sized telescope,
88
249882
2119
๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์˜ ์ง€ํ‰์„ ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š”
04:12
we could just start to make out that distinctive ring of light
89
252025
2925
04:14
indicative of the black hole's event horizon.
90
254974
2183
๋…ํŠนํ•œ ๋น›์˜ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ ์ž์„ธํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ,
04:17
Although this picture wouldn't contain all the detail we see
91
257181
2918
์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ํ•ด์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
04:20
in computer graphic renderings,
92
260123
1506
๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„
04:21
it would allow us to safely get our first glimpse
93
261653
2299
04:23
of the immediate environment around a black hole.
94
263976
2487
์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•ด์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด
04:26
However, as you can imagine,
95
266487
1613
์ง€๊ตฌ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋‹จ์ผ ์ ‘์‹œ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:28
building a single-dish telescope the size of the Earth is impossible.
96
268124
3624
04:31
But in the famous words of Mick Jagger,
97
271772
1887
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฏน ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
04:33
"You can't always get what you want,
98
273683
1791
"์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์ง€๋งŒ
04:35
but if you try sometimes, you just might find
99
275498
2187
์‹œ๋„๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
04:37
you get what you need."
100
277709
1215
์ฐพ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค".
04:38
And by connecting telescopes from around the world,
101
278948
2464
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š”
04:41
an international collaboration called the Event Horizon Telescope
102
281436
3538
๊ตญ์ œ์ ์ธ ๊ณต๋™ ์ž‘์—…์ธ "Event Horizon Telescope"๋Š”
04:44
is creating a computational telescope the size of the Earth,
103
284998
3109
์‚ฌ๊ฑด์˜ ์ง€ํ‰์„ ์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์—์„œ
๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
์ง€๊ตฌ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ์ „์‚ฐ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:48
capable of resolving structure
104
288131
1537
04:49
on the scale of a black hole's event horizon.
105
289692
2199
04:51
This network of telescopes is scheduled to take its very first picture
106
291915
3387
์ฒซ ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ ๋‚ด๋…„์— ์ฐ๊ฒŒ ๋  ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ํ†ต์‹ ๋ง์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
04:55
of a black hole next year.
107
295326
1815
๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์˜ ๊ณต๋™ ์ž‘์—…์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:57
Each telescope in the worldwide network works together.
108
297165
3338
05:00
Linked through the precise timing of atomic clocks,
109
300527
2712
์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๊ณ 
์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ๋ผ๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ํ…Œ๋ผ๋ฐ”์ดํŠธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋น›์„ ๋™๊ฒฐ์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:03
teams of researchers at each of the sites freeze light
110
303263
2657
05:05
by collecting thousands of terabytes of data.
111
305944
2962
05:08
This data is then processed in a lab right here in Massachusetts.
112
308930
5017
๊ทธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ์ดํ›„ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ๊ณณ, ๋ฉ”์‚ฌ์ถ”์„ธ์ธ ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ค„์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:13
So how does this even work?
113
313971
1794
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ž‘์—…์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์งˆ๊นŒ์š”?
05:15
Remember if we want to see the black hole in the center of our galaxy,
114
315789
3403
๋งŒ์•ฝ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์€ํ•˜๊ณ„์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์—์„œ ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
์ง€๊ตฌ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
05:19
we need to build this impossibly large Earth-sized telescope?
115
319216
2982
์ž ์‹œ ๋™์•ˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ตฌ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋งŒํ•œ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์„
05:22
For just a second, let's pretend we could build
116
322222
2232
05:24
a telescope the size of the Earth.
117
324478
1842
๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
์ด๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํšŒ์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ
05:26
This would be a little bit like turning the Earth
118
326344
2455
05:28
into a giant spinning disco ball.
119
328823
1747
๋ฏธ๋Ÿฌ๋ณผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ฑฐ์šธ์€ ๋น›์„ ๋ชจ์•„์ฃผ๊ณ 
05:30
Each individual mirror would collect light
120
330594
2200
05:32
that we could then combine together to make a picture.
121
332818
2597
ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋น›์„ ํ•œ๊ตฐ๋ฐ๋กœ ๋ชจ์œผ์ฃ .
๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ด๋“ค ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ณ 
05:35
However, now let's say we remove most of those mirrors
122
335439
2661
05:38
so only a few remained.
123
338124
1972
์•„์ฃผ ์ ์€ ์–‘๋งŒ ๋‚จ์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์ •๋ณด๋“ค์„ ํ•ฉ์น˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ค‘์ด์ง€๋งŒ,
05:40
We could still try to combine this information together,
124
340120
2877
๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์˜ ๊ณต๋ฐฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:43
but now there are a lot of holes.
125
343021
1993
๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์ด ์„ค์น˜๋œ ์žฅ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒ ์ฃ .
05:45
These remaining mirrors represent the locations where we have telescopes.
126
345038
4373
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋ฏธ๋ฏธํ•œ ์ˆ˜์น˜์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:49
This is an incredibly small number of measurements to make a picture from.
127
349435
4079
05:53
But although we only collect light at a few telescope locations,
128
353538
3838
๋ง์›๊ฒฝ ์„ค์น˜ ์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ
์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž์ „ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ธก์ •์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ฃ .
05:57
as the Earth rotates, we get to see other new measurements.
129
357400
3423
06:00
In other words, as the disco ball spins, those mirrors change locations
130
360847
3819
๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•ด, ๋ฏธ๋Ÿฌ๋ณผ์ด ํšŒ์ „ํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ฑฐ์šธ์˜ ์œ„์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ
06:04
and we get to observe different parts of the image.
131
364690
2899
์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:07
The imaging algorithms we develop fill in the missing gaps of the disco ball
132
367613
4018
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ์˜์ƒ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์ด ๋ฏธ๋Ÿฌ๋ณผ์˜ ๋นˆ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์ฑ„์šฐ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ
๋ฐ‘์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณต์›ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:11
in order to reconstruct the underlying black hole image.
133
371655
3033
06:14
If we had telescopes located everywhere on the globe --
134
374712
2636
๋งŒ์•ฝ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณณ์— ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
์ฆ‰ ๋ฏธ๋Ÿฌ๋ณผ์— ๋น„์œ ํ•˜์ž๋ฉด
06:17
in other words, the entire disco ball --
135
377372
1941
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:19
this would be trivial.
136
379337
1284
06:20
However, we only see a few samples, and for that reason,
137
380645
3322
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ ์€ ์–‘์˜ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๋กœ๋Š”
06:23
there are an infinite number of possible images
138
383991
2388
๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:26
that are perfectly consistent with our telescope measurements.
139
386403
2964
๊ทธ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋Š” ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ผ์น˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ๋ชจ๋“  ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:29
However, not all images are created equal.
140
389391
3016
06:32
Some of those images look more like what we think of as images than others.
141
392849
4458
์ด ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์™€ ์ผ์น˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:37
And so, my role in helping to take the first image of a black hole
142
397331
3222
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์˜ ์ฒซ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ œ ์—ญํ• ์€
06:40
is to design algorithms that find the most reasonable image
143
400577
2932
๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:43
that also fits the telescope measurements.
144
403533
2222
๋˜ํ•œ ์ด ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์€ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ ์ธก์ •์น˜์—๋„ ๋ถ€ํ•ฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:46
Just as a forensic sketch artist uses limited descriptions
145
406727
3942
๋ฒ•์˜ํ•™ ์Šค์ผ€์น˜ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์–ผ๊ตด๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ์‹์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด
06:50
to piece together a picture using their knowledge of face structure,
146
410693
3514
์ œํ•œ์ ์ธ ์„œ์ˆ ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ์™„์…ฉํ•ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ์˜์ƒ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋กœ
06:54
the imaging algorithms I develop use our limited telescope data
147
414231
3315
06:57
to guide us to a picture that also looks like stuff in our universe.
148
417570
4322
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์•ˆ๋‚ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ œํ•œ์ ์ธ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:01
Using these algorithms, we're able to piece together pictures
149
421916
3651
์ด ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ, ํฌ๋ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
07:05
from this sparse, noisy data.
150
425591
2180
์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:07
So here I show a sample reconstruction done using simulated data,
151
427795
4529
์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์€ํ•˜๊ณ„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์„ ๋ณด๋ ค ํ•  ๋•Œ
07:12
when we pretend to point our telescopes
152
432348
1933
07:14
to the black hole in the center of our galaxy.
153
434305
2585
์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜๋œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:16
Although this is just a simulation, reconstruction such as this give us hope
154
436914
4455
๋น„๋ก ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์— ์ง€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์€
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์–ผ๋งˆ ์ง€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์˜ ์ฒซ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์™€
07:21
that we'll soon be able to reliably take the first image of a black hole
155
441393
3453
07:24
and from it, determine the size of its ring.
156
444870
2595
๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ํฌ๋ง์„ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:28
Although I'd love to go on about all the details of this algorithm,
157
448118
3199
์ „ ์ด ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์˜ ์„ธ๋ถ€์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ณ„์† ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€๋งŒ
๋‹คํ–‰ํžˆ๋„, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์„ค๋ช…๋“œ๋ฆด์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:31
luckily for you, I don't have the time.
158
451341
2174
07:33
But I'd still like to give you a brief idea
159
453539
2001
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋‚˜๋งˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:35
of how we define what our universe looks like,
160
455564
2302
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์€ํ•˜๊ณ„์˜ ๋ชจ์–‘์„ ๋ฐํ˜€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€
07:37
and how we use this to reconstruct and verify our results.
161
457890
4466
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ €ํฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ์ž…์ฆ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ธก์ •๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
07:42
Since there are an infinite number of possible images
162
462380
2496
07:44
that perfectly explain our telescope measurements,
163
464900
2365
์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์˜ ์ˆซ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฌดํ•œํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋“ค์„ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ๋“  ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์„ ํƒํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:47
we have to choose between them in some way.
164
467289
2605
07:49
We do this by ranking the images
165
469918
1838
๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ
07:51
based upon how likely they are to be the black hole image,
166
471780
2834
์ˆœ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋งค๊ธฐ๊ณ 
๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ทผ์ ‘ํ•œ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:54
and then choosing the one that's most likely.
167
474638
2482
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ๋ง์€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
07:57
So what do I mean by this exactly?
168
477144
2195
07:59
Let's say we were trying to make a model
169
479862
1978
๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
08:01
that told us how likely an image were to appear on Facebook.
170
481864
3183
์ด ํ™”๋ฉด์€ ํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ถ์—์„œ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ ์™ผ์ชฝ์˜ ์ด์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„
08:05
We'd probably want the model to say
171
485071
1701
08:06
it's pretty unlikely that someone would post this noise image on the left,
172
486796
3557
๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ฒŒ์‹œํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚ฎ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:10
and pretty likely that someone would post a selfie
173
490377
2419
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์˜ ์…€์นด ์‚ฌ์ง„์„
08:12
like this one on the right.
174
492820
1334
๊ฒŒ์‹œํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ค‘๊ฐ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ ํ๋ฆฟํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:14
The image in the middle is blurry,
175
494178
1639
08:15
so even though it's more likely we'd see it on Facebook
176
495841
2639
์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ถ์—์„œ ๋ณผ ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ๋” ๋†’๊ฒ ์ง€์š”
์žก์Œ ์˜์ƒ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ์„๋•Œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:18
compared to the noise image,
177
498504
1360
08:19
it's probably less likely we'd see it compared to the selfie.
178
499888
2960
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ž์‹ ์„ ์ฐ์–ด ์˜ฌ๋ฆฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ™•๋ฅ ์€ ๋‚ฎ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:22
But when it comes to images from the black hole,
179
502872
2290
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด์™€์„œ๋Š”
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๊ป˜๋ผ์— ์ฒ˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด์ „์— ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์„ ๋ณธ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:25
we're posed with a real conundrum: we've never seen a black hole before.
180
505186
3502
08:28
In that case, what is a likely black hole image,
181
508712
2291
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ, ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์— ๊ฐ€๊น๊ณ 
08:31
and what should we assume about the structure of black holes?
182
511027
2938
๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
08:33
We could try to use images from simulations we've done,
183
513989
2632
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '์ธํ„ฐ์Šคํ…”๋ผ'์— ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์™„์„ฑ์‹œ์ผœ๋†“์€ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:36
like the image of the black hole from "Interstellar,"
184
516645
2530
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:39
but if we did this, it could cause some serious problems.
185
519199
2938
๋งŒ์•ฝ ์•„์ธ์Šˆํƒ€์ธ์˜ ์ด๋ก ์ด ์œ ์ง€๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์กŒ์„๊นŒ์š”?
08:42
What would happen if Einstein's theories didn't hold?
186
522161
3380
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€ ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์กŒ๋Š”์ง€ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
08:45
We'd still want to reconstruct an accurate picture of what was going on.
187
525565
3961
์•„์ธ์Šˆํƒ€์ธ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์— ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด ์ ์šฉ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค๋ฉด
08:49
If we bake Einstein's equations too much into our algorithms,
188
529550
3371
08:52
we'll just end up seeing what we expect to see.
189
532945
2755
๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ์ฒ˜ํ•ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:55
In other words, we want to leave the option open
190
535724
2276
์ฆ‰, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์„ ํƒ์„ ์—ด์–ด๋‘๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์€ํ•˜๊ณ„์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์—๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฝ”๋ผ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:58
for there being a giant elephant at the center of our galaxy.
191
538024
2923
09:00
(Laughter)
192
540971
1057
(์›ƒ์Œ)
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋“ค์€ ์„œ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„๋˜๋Š” ํŠน์ง•๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:02
Different types of images have very distinct features.
193
542052
2989
๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€ ์‹œ๋ฌผ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์™€ ์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ฐ์€ ์‚ฌ์ง„ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ
09:05
We can easily tell the difference between black hole simulation images
194
545065
3548
09:08
and images we take every day here on Earth.
195
548637
2276
์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ์ ์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
09:10
We need a way to tell our algorithms what images look like
196
550937
3104
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•œ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„ ์† ํŠน์ง•์„ ๋ถ€๊ฐ์‹œํ‚ค์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด์„œ
์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:14
without imposing one type of image's features too much.
197
554065
3249
09:17
One way we can try to get around this
198
557865
1893
์ด์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‹คํ–‰ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
09:19
is by imposing the features of different kinds of images
199
559782
3062
์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ํŠน์ง•์„ ๋‚ด์„ธ์šฐ๊ณ 
09:22
and seeing how the type of image we assume affects our reconstructions.
200
562868
4130
์˜ˆ์ƒ๋œ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์— ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:27
If all images' types produce a very similar-looking image,
201
567712
3491
๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋ชจ๋“  ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•ด๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์ธ์ƒ์„ ์ค€๋‹ค๋ฉด
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ์ถ”์ •๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์— ํŽธํ–ฅ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š”
09:31
then we can start to become more confident
202
571227
2057
09:33
that the image assumptions we're making are not biasing this picture that much.
203
573308
4173
์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:37
This is a little bit like giving the same description
204
577505
2990
์ด๋Š” ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ 3๋ช…์˜ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์Šค์ผ€์น˜ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
09:40
to three different sketch artists from all around the world.
205
580519
2996
๋™์ผํ•œ ์„ค๋ช…์„ ํ•ด์ค€ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:43
If they all produce a very similar-looking face,
206
583539
2860
๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋น„์Šทํ•ด ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์–ผ๊ตด์„ ๊ทธ๋ ค๋‚ธ๋‹ค๋ฉด
09:46
then we can start to become confident
207
586423
1793
๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ณ ์œ ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”์  ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์— ๋‹ด์•„๋‚ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ 
09:48
that they're not imposing their own cultural biases on the drawings.
208
588240
3616
ํ™•์‹ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋„ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:51
One way we can try to impose different image features
209
591880
3315
์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์˜ ํŠน์ง•์ ์„ ๋ถ€๊ฐ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ์กฐ๊ฐ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:55
is by using pieces of existing images.
210
595219
2441
09:58
So we take a large collection of images,
211
598214
2160
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–‘์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„ ๋”๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
10:00
and we break them down into their little image patches.
212
600398
2718
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ž‘์€ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ์กฐ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ชผ๊ฐค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:03
We then can treat each image patch a little bit like pieces of a puzzle.
213
603140
4285
๊ทธ ํ›„ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ์กฐ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํผ์ฆ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ทจ๊ธ‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:07
And we use commonly seen puzzle pieces to piece together an image
214
607449
4278
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ”ํžˆ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ํผ์ฆ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋งž์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ 
10:11
that also fits our telescope measurements.
215
611751
2452
๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์—๋„ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ด ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
10:15
Different types of images have very distinctive sets of puzzle pieces.
216
615040
3743
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ํŠน์ง•์ ์ธ ํผ์ฆ ์กฐ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:18
So what happens when we take the same data
217
618807
2806
๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜
10:21
but we use different sets of puzzle pieces to reconstruct the image?
218
621637
4130
์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํผ์ฆ์กฐ๊ฐ์„ ์“ฐ๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์งˆ๊นŒ์š”?
10:25
Let's first start with black hole image simulation puzzle pieces.
219
625791
4766
๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ์‹œ๋ฌผ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ํผ์ฆ ์กฐ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
10:30
OK, this looks reasonable.
220
630581
1591
๋„ค, ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ๊ตฐ์š”.
10:32
This looks like what we expect a black hole to look like.
221
632196
2694
์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฒผ๋Š”์ง€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:34
But did we just get it
222
634914
1193
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด
10:36
because we just fed it little pieces of black hole simulation images?
223
636131
3314
์†Œ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์— ์ถฉ์กฑ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์–ป์–ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
10:39
Let's try another set of puzzle pieces
224
639469
1880
๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์ ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์ด ์•„๋‹Œ
10:41
from astronomical, non-black hole objects.
225
641373
2509
๋ฌผ์ฒด์˜ ํผ์ฆ ์กฐ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์‹คํ—˜ํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
10:44
OK, we get a similar-looking image.
226
644914
2126
์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์–ป์–ด๋ƒˆ๊ตฐ์š”.
10:47
And then how about pieces from everyday images,
227
647064
2236
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์ง„๋“ค
10:49
like the images you take with your own personal camera?
228
649324
2785
์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋กœ ์ดฌ์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
10:53
Great, we see the same image.
229
653312
2115
์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹๋„ค์š”, ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:55
When we get the same image from all different sets of puzzle pieces,
230
655451
3366
๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํผ์ฆ ์กฐ๊ฐ ์„ธํŠธ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ธ๋‹ค๋ฉด
10:58
then we can start to become more confident
231
658841
2046
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์˜ ์ถ”์ •์น˜๊ฐ€
11:00
that the image assumptions we're making
232
660911
1966
๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์  ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์—
11:02
aren't biasing the final image we get too much.
233
662901
2921
ํ™•์‹ ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:05
Another thing we can do is take the same set of puzzle pieces,
234
665846
3253
์‹œ๋„ํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€, ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ํผ์ฆ ์กฐ๊ฐ์„ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:09
such as the ones derived from everyday images,
235
669123
2489
์ผ์ƒ์‚ฌ์ง„์—์„œ ์œ ๋ž˜๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
11:11
and use them to reconstruct many different kinds of source images.
236
671636
3600
๋งŽ์€ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์›๋ณธ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:15
So in our simulations,
237
675260
1271
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‹œ๋ฌผ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์—์„œ๋Š”
11:16
we pretend a black hole looks like astronomical non-black hole objects,
238
676555
3775
๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์ด ์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์ ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:20
as well as everyday images like the elephant in the center of our galaxy.
239
680354
3849
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์€ํ•˜๊ณ„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฝ”๋ผ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
11:24
When the results of our algorithms on the bottom look very similar
240
684227
3168
์ œ์ผ ๋ฐ‘์— ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€
์œ„์ชฝ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฌผ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์˜ ์ง„์งœ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์™€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋น„์Šทํ•ด ๋ณด์ผ ๋•Œ
11:27
to the simulation's truth image on top,
241
687419
2096
11:29
then we can start to become more confident in our algorithms.
242
689539
3346
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ™•์‹ ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:32
And I really want to emphasize here
243
692909
1867
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
11:34
that all of these pictures were created
244
694800
1934
์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ์ง„๋“ค์€
11:36
by piecing together little pieces of everyday photographs,
245
696758
2936
์ž๊ทธ๋งˆํ•œ ์ผ์ƒ ์‚ฌ์ง„๋“ค์˜ ์กฐ๊ฐ์„ ๋งž์ถ”์–ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ธ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:39
like you'd take with your own personal camera.
246
699718
2215
๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋กœ ์ฐ์€ ์‚ฌ์ง„๋“ค๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ฃ .
11:41
So an image of a black hole we've never seen before
247
701957
3276
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์ง€๊ป ๋ณธ ์  ์—†๋Š” ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋„
๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์—๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ, ๊ฑด๋ฌผ, ๋‚˜๋ฌด, ๊ณ ์–‘์ด, ๊ฐœ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€
11:45
may eventually be created by piecing together pictures we see all the time
248
705257
3943
ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ง„๋“ค๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:49
of people, buildings, trees, cats and dogs.
249
709224
2745
11:51
Imaging ideas like this will make it possible for us
250
711993
2645
์ด๋Ÿฐ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์ƒ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์œผ๋กœ
11:54
to take our very first pictures of a black hole,
251
714662
2619
๋ฐ๋ ค๋‹ค ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:57
and hopefully, verify those famous theories
252
717305
2447
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐ”๋ผ๊ฑด๋Œ€, ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์ผ์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜์กดํ•˜๋Š”
11:59
on which scientists rely on a daily basis.
253
719776
2421
์ €๋Ÿฐ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์ด๋ก ๋“ค์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹น์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ผ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ƒ์ƒํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
12:02
But of course, getting imaging ideas like this working
254
722221
2608
12:04
would never have been possible without the amazing team of researchers
255
724853
3322
์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜๊ด‘์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฆฐ ์ข‹์€ ํŒ€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์› ๋ถ„๋“ค ์—†์ด๋Š”
์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:08
that I have the privilege to work with.
256
728199
1887
์•„์ง๋„ ์ €๋Š” ์ฒœ์ฒด๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์ด ์—†๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€
12:10
It still amazes me
257
730110
1163
12:11
that although I began this project with no background in astrophysics,
258
731297
3351
์ด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
12:14
what we have achieved through this unique collaboration
259
734672
2619
์ด๋Ÿฐ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด
๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋†€๋ผ๊ณค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:17
could result in the very first images of a black hole.
260
737315
2759
Event Horizon Telescope ๊ฐ™์€ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋Š”
12:20
But big projects like the Event Horizon Telescope
261
740098
2698
12:22
are successful due to all the interdisciplinary expertise
262
742820
2814
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํ•™๋ฌธ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์„œ๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค์ฃผ๋Š” ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ ๋•๋ถ„์—
12:25
different people bring to the table.
263
745658
1790
์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:27
We're a melting pot of astronomers,
264
747472
1706
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์ž
๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž, ์ˆ˜ํ•™์ž, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์„ž์—ฌ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:29
physicists, mathematicians and engineers.
265
749202
2232
12:31
This is what will make it soon possible
266
751458
2554
์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์–ธ๋œป ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์•˜์„ ๋•Œ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
12:34
to achieve something once thought impossible.
267
754036
2853
์ด๋ค„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๋น„๊ฒฐ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:36
I'd like to encourage all of you to go out
268
756913
2256
์ „ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์„œ
12:39
and help push the boundaries of science,
269
759193
2096
๊ณผํ•™์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋„“ํžˆ๋„๋ก ๊ถŒํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋น„๋ก ์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š๋”๋ผ๋„์š”.
12:41
even if it may at first seem as mysterious to you as a black hole.
270
761313
3901
๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:45
Thank you.
271
765238
1174
(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
12:46
(Applause)
272
766436
2397
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7