Nigel Topping: 3 rules for a zero-carbon world | TED Countdown

64,918 views ใƒป 2021-08-16

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Transcriber: Ivana Korom Reviewer:
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ: DooHun Jang ๊ฒ€ํ† : JY Kang
00:04
My grandfather grew up in the northwest of England,
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surrounded by over 1,000 coal mines
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00:10
within just five miles of his hometown of Wigan.
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์ œ ์กฐ๋ถ€๋‹˜๋Š” ์˜๊ตญ ๋ถ์„œ๋ถ€์—์„œ ์œ ๋…„์‹œ์ ˆ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด์…จ์ฃ .
00:14
And today Iโ€™m speaking to you from the site of another former mine,
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์—๋Š” 1000๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋„˜๋Š” ํƒ„๊ด‘์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
00:17
this time a China clay mine at the Eden Project in southwest England.
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์ œ ๊ณ ํ–ฅ ์œ„๊ฑด์˜ 5๋งˆ์ผ ์ด๋‚ด์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:22
For generations,
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ์˜ˆ์ „ ๊ด‘์‚ฐ ์ง€์—ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ ค ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
00:23
my grandfatherโ€™s ancestors were coal miners,
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00:26
and it would have been only natural for him to follow in their footsteps.
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๋‚จ์„œ๋ถ€ ์—๋ด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋‚˜ ์ ํ†  ๊ด‘์‚ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
But he didn't want to go down the mine.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์„ธ๋Œ€์— ๊ฑธ์ณ
00:32
He chose a different path
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์ œ ์นœ๊ฐ€์ชฝ์€ ๊ด‘๋ถ€์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:33
and got a scholarship to study mathematics.
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๋‹น์‹œ์—๋Š” ์„ ๋Œ€์˜ ์ง์—…์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋‹น์—ฐ์‹œ ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
00:36
And years later, I followed him into mathematics,
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ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ป˜์„  ๊ด‘์—…์„ ์›์น˜ ์•Š์œผ์…จ์ฃ .
00:39
where I discovered a real love of patterns
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธธ์„ ์„ ํƒํ•ด,
์žฅํ•™๊ธˆ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์…จ์–ด์š”.
00:43
and of figuring out the underlying rules that generate them.
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๊ทธํ›„ ์ €๋„ ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์„ ์ „๊ณตํ–ˆ์ฃ .
00:46
And later, when I went to work in industry,
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00:48
I realized that every human system
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์ˆ˜ํ•™ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
00:50
and every natural system can be thought of as a set of repeating patterns.
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ํŒจํ„ด์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
For example, take the energy system.
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ํ›„์—, ์ทจ์ง์„ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ผ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
00:57
We can still trace the patterns of our reliance on fossil fuels
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ์ž์—ฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด
ํ•œ ์„ธํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋˜๋Š” ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋“ค์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
01:01
all the way back to the early 1700s,
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01:03
when we started to really use all that coal.
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณผ๊ฒŒ์š”.
ํ™”์„์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์— ์˜์กดํ•˜๋Š” ํŒจํ„ด์˜ ๊ธฐ์›์„ ์ถ”์ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
01:06
And to tackle climate change,
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01:07
weโ€™re going to have to move towards new patterns
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01:09
that are based on clean power.
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1700๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดˆ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋ณด๋ฉด
01:11
When I wasnโ€™t exploring patterns, I was developing a love of wild places,
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๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์„ํƒ„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ค„๋ณด์ž๋ฉด
01:16
particularly cold, wild places like Greenland, Iceland and Patagonia.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํŒจํ„ด์œผ๋กœ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ฒญ์ • ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ํŒจํ„ด์ด์ฃ .
ํŒจํ„ด์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๋•Œ์—๋Š”
01:21
And it was there that I first came face-to-face
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์ถฅ๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ์นœ ์•ผ์ƒ์˜ ์ง€์—ญ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
with the physical impact of climate change.
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01:26
In 1987, I was supposed to be working at the end of a glacier in east Greenland.
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ํŠนํžˆ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ๋ž€๋“œ๋‚˜ ์•„์ด์Šฌ๋ž€๋“œ, ํŒŒํƒ€๊ณ ๋‹ˆ์•„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณณ์ด์š”.
์ด๋“ค ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”
01:31
And when we got to where it was shown on the map,
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๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์„ ๋งˆ์ฃผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:33
there was no ice there.
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1987๋…„, ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ๋ž€๋“œ ๋™๋ถ€ ๋์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋น™ํ•˜๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ”๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
01:35
It had retreated by over 15 kilometers since the map had been surveyed.
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์ง€๋„์ƒ ๋น™ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ์žฅ์†Œ์—
01:40
Something was changing the patterns.
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๋น™ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ง€๋„ ์ œ์ž‘ ์ดํ›„, ๋น™ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์„œ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ 15km์ด์ƒ ๋…น์•„๋‚ด๋ ค๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
01:44
Now I find myself in the role
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01:46
of the United Nations Climate Action Champion,
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01:49
working with an amazing network of partners
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ํŒจํ„ด์— ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:52
to change the patterns of the global economy
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งก์€ ์—ญํ• ์€
01:55
to tackle the climate crisis.
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๊ตญ์ œ์—ฐํ•ฉ์˜ ๊ธฐํ›„ํ–‰๋™ ๊ณ ์œ„ ์ธ์‚ฌ๋กœ์„œ
01:58
Our mission is to help drive the transition
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ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜์—ฌ
์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ณ 
02:02
to the zero-carbon future,
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02:03
to keep global warming below 1.5 degrees Celsius,
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๊ธฐํ›„ ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ €ํฌ์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š”
02:08
or 2.7 degrees Fahrenheit
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ํƒ„์†Œ ์—†๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์„ธ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์ „ํ™˜์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜์—ฌ
02:11
and to prevent the worst impacts of climate change.
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์ง€๊ตฌ ์˜จ๋‚œํ™”๋ฅผ ์„ญ์”จ 1.5๋„ ์ดํ•˜ ํ˜น์€,
02:14
Well, tackling the climate crisis can be really overwhelming,
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02:17
especially if you try and look at it through the lenses of politics
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ํ™”์”จ 2.7๋„ ์ดํ•˜๋กœ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜์—ฌ
๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ตœ์•…์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋ง‰๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค..
02:20
or economics.
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02:22
Itโ€™s a huge, complex problem,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ธฐํ›„ ์œ„๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ธฐ ๋งค์šฐ ํž˜์ด ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
itโ€™s very hard to get your head around it.
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02:26
But I find that thereโ€™s a different lens
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ํŠนํžˆ๋‚˜ ์ •์น˜์  ํ˜น์€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์˜ ์ƒ‰์•ˆ๊ฒฝ์„ ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ ค ํ•  ๋•Œ ์–ด๋ ต์ฃ .
02:28
that can make it much easier to grapple with and even lead to optimism.
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๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ณ  ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์—ฌ์„œ
02:32
Itโ€™s the lens of systems
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์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ์กฐ์ฐจ ๋งค์šฐ ํž˜์ด ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
which I define simply as the science of patterns and their underlying rules.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ Œ์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์„ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๊ธ์ •์  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋„ ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
02:41
But what do I mean by a system?
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋ Œ์ฆˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
I think of a system as a set of interconnected relationships
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ํŒจํ„ด ๊ณผํ•™๊ณผ ๊ณผํ•™์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๊ทœ์น™์ด๋ผ ์ •์˜๋‚ด๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
which lead to a repeatable and recognizable pattern.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
02:50
So to give you an example,
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์ƒํ˜ธ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:52
letโ€™s think of the global maritime shipping industry.
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02:55
Itโ€™s huge.
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๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ธ์‹๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด์ฃ .
02:56
It's responsible for transporting over 80 percent of global trade
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ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์ฃ .
03:00
and it produces similar emissions to the entire country of Germany.
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๊ตญ์ œ ํ•ด์ƒ์šด์†ก ์‚ฐ์—…์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜์ฃ .
๊ตญ์ œ ๋ฌด์—ญ ์šด์†ก๋Ÿ‰์˜ 80% ์ด์ƒ์„ ์ฑ…์ž„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
03:05
And this system consists of the interconnected relationships
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03:08
along the value chain between shipping manufacturers,
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๋…์ผ ์ „์ฒด ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์–‘์„ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์— ๋‚ด๋ฟœ์–ด๋Œ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:11
fuel manufacturers, ports,
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03:13
the shipping operators and the cargo owners
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์ด ๋ฌด์—ญ ์šด์†ก ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋“ค๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:16
and those influences around it,
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03:17
the policymakers, the financiers, technology providers and civil society.
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์„ ๋ฐ• ์ œ์กฐ์—…์ฒด ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜ ์ฒด์ธ,
์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ์ œ์กฐ์—…์ž, ํ•ญ๋งŒ์—…์ž,
03:22
Thatโ€™s what I mean by a system.
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ํ•ด์šดํšŒ์‚ฌ์™€ ํ™”๋ฌผ์†Œ์œ ์ž๋“ค,
03:23
And our job is to drive the transformation in every global system,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ด๋“ค,
์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค, ๊ธˆ์œต์—…์ž๋“ค, ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ œ๊ณต์ž์™€ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์‚ฌํšŒ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ๊ด€๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:28
from agriculture to retail,
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03:30
from shipping to trucking,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฒ”์ง€๊ตฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:33
from cement to steel,
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๋†์—…์—์„œ ์†Œ๋งค์—…์œผ๋กœ,
03:37
so that collectively we move towards a zero-carbon future.
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ํ•ด์ƒ์šด์†ก์—์„œ ํŠธ๋Ÿญ์šด์†ก์œผ๋กœ,
03:41
So the question is,
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03:42
what are the underlying rules that we need to apply
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์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์—์„œ ์ฒ ๊ฐ•์—…์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜์—ฌ
์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ํƒ„์†Œ ์ œ๋กœ์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์‚ฌํšŒ๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
to lead to new zero-carbon patterns in the economy?
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ ์€
03:51
Well, weโ€™ve come up with three simple rules of radical collaboration
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๊ฒฝ์ œ์—์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ํƒ„์†Œ์ œ๋กœ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ์–‘์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ
๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๊ทœ์น™์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
that, if acted on by all actors in each system,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ํ˜‘๋™์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๊ทœ์น™์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
will lead us to the zero-carbon future.
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04:03
Rule one is to harness ambition loops,
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๊ฐ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ผ์„ ํ•ด์ฃผ๋ฉด
04:06
which are simply feedback loops driving ever-higher levels of ambition.
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ํƒ„์†Œ์ œ๋กœ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:10
For example, when businesses commit to zero carbon
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ทœ์น™์€ ๋ชฉํ‘œ ์ˆœํ™˜์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:13
and start investing and innovating,
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๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ ์ˆœํ™˜์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ–๋„๋ก ์ถ”์ง„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:15
they embolden policymakers.
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04:19
And when policymakers set the regulatory framework
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ํƒ„์†Œ ์ œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
ํˆฌ์ž ๋ฐ ํ˜์‹ ์„ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๋ฉด
04:23
to drive towards zero carbon,
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์ด ๋ชฉํ‘œ ์ˆœํ™˜์€ ์ •์ฑ… ์ž…์•ˆ์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€๋‹ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:25
they incentivize the private sector to innovate.
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04:28
Thatโ€™s an ambition loop,
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์ •์ฑ… ์ž…์•ˆ์ž๋Š” ๊ทœ์ œ ํ‹€์„ ์„ธ์›Œ
04:29
and every relationship within each system
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04:31
is an opportunity to drive an ambition loop
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ํƒ„์†Œ ์ œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•ด ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ณ ,
04:34
towards new zero-carbon patterns in the system.
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๋ฏผ๊ฐ„๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ํ˜์‹ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์žฅ๋ คํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ชฉํ‘œ ์ˆœํ™˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
Rule two is to set exponential goals.
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๊ฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์•ˆ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š”
์ด ๋ชฉํ‘œ ์ˆœํ™˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ
04:41
We know from history that every major industrial disruption
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์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํƒ„์†Œ ์ œ๋กœ ํŒจํ„ด์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:45
has followed the same shape,
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04:46
an exponential curve,
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ทœ์น™์€ ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธ‰์ˆ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์„ธ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:48
with new technologies being adopted very slowly at first,
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์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฐ์—… ๋ถ•๊ดด๋Š”
04:51
but then a doubling rate kicking in consistently,
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๊ฐ™์€ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š”๋ฐ
04:54
until the overall transformation happens very quickly in the end.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง€์ˆ˜๊ณก์„ ์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ฑ„ํƒํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
04:58
Itโ€™s a movie weโ€™ve seen many times before,
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05:00
whether from horses to cars,
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๊ฑฐ๋“ญ๋ ์ˆ˜๋ก ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐ๋กœ ๋นจ๋ผ์ ธ
05:03
from valves to transistors or landlines to mobile phones.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์•˜์„ ๋•Œ, ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์˜ํ™”์—์„œ๋„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ดค์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
05:08
And we understand how it works.
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๋ง์—์„œ ์ฐจ๋กœ,
05:10
Initially, the cost of technology is high, but as we learn through volume adoption,
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์ง„๊ณต๊ด€์—์„œ ํŠธ๋žœ์ง€์Šคํ„ฐ,
์ง‘์ „ํ™”์—์„œ ํ•ธ๋“œํฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์žฅ๋ฉด์ด์ฃ .
05:15
the cost goes down and adoption goes up.
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05:17
Best example right now would be electric batteries
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ €ํฐ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ดˆ์ฐฝ๊ธฐ์—” ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋„์ž… ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋น„์‹ธ์ง€๋งŒ,
05:21
consistently coming down in cost
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๋„๋ฆฌ ์ฑ„ํƒ๋˜๋ฉด ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋„์ž… ์†๋„๋Š” ๋นจ๋ผ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:23
by 20 percent a year for the last 10 years.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ์ „๊ธฐ ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
05:27
And as the volume of adoption grows,
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05:29
especially with electric vehicle sales growing,
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์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ํ•˜๋ฝํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
์ง€๋‚œ 10๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋งค๋…„ 20%์”ฉ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ๋–จ์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:32
we can be confident that the costs of that technology
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05:34
will continue to go down,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰ ์ฑ„ํƒ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ
05:36
driving that exponential growth.
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ํŠนํžˆ๋‚˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์ฐจ ํŒ๋งค๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ
05:38
We set these exponential goals
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05:40
because we believe in the power of human innovation.
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์žฅ๋‹ด์ปจ๋Œ€ ์ „๊ธฐ์ฐจ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๊ณ„์† ํ•˜๋ฝํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
05:44
Engineers love these goals, these stretch targets,
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๋ˆˆ๋ถ€์‹  ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธ‰์ˆ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์„ธ์šฐ๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š”
05:47
itโ€™s what they live for.
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05:48
The third rule is to follow shared action pathways.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ˜์‹  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:53
And these are maps of the actions
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ฃ .
05:55
which every action in the system has to take in the short term
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์กด์žฌ ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ทœ์น™์€ ๊ณต์œ ๋œ ํ–‰๋™ ์ง€์นจ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:58
to make sure weโ€™re on track to that exponential goal.
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ํ–‰๋™์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ง€๋„๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:02
Actions that, if everyone in the system follows,
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์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์‹ ์†ํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์„ ์ทจํ•˜๊ณ 
06:04
means that weโ€™ll be on track to the zero-carbon future.
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06:07
We normally set these for a relatively short period of time
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์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ–ฅํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๊ถค๋„์— ์˜ค๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:10
for the next five years,
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ด๋“ค์ด ์ž˜ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
06:11
and then weโ€™ll review and set the next phase of the journey.
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ํƒ„์†Œ ์ œ๋กœ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋กœ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์ฃ .
06:15
By following these three simple rules of radical collaboration,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ–‰๋™ ์ง€์นจ์€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์งง์€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
5๋…„ ์ •๋„๋กœ ์งง๊ฒŒ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์ฃ .
06:19
we can drive the race to zero emissions.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:23
And my team now, with hundreds of partners,
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์  ํ˜‘๋™์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ด ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๊ทœ์น™๋งŒ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
06:25
have created a toolkit for these three goals
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06:27
for every sector of the global economy.
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ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ ์ œ๋กœ๋ผ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ •์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:29
Theyโ€™ve mapped the interconnected ambition loops,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €ํฌ ํŒ€์€ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋„์›€์œผ๋กœ
06:32
they plotted exponential goals, and theyโ€™ve published shared pathways.
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์ด ์„ธ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์— ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
06:37
Now, I said earlier on,
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์ƒํ˜ธ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ๋ชฉํ‘œ ์ˆœํ™˜์„ ์ง€๋„ํ™”ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
06:39
that adopting a systems lens can help us to be more optimistic,
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๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธ‰์ˆ˜์  ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์„ธ์›Œ ๊ณต์œ ํ•  ์ง€์นจ์„ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:42
and Iโ€™m very optimistic.
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06:44
So letโ€™s try to explain why by looking at the application of those three rules
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์•ž์„œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๋Œ€๋กœ
06:47
to the shipping system that we looked at earlier.
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์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋ Œ์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ์ฑ„ํƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ข€ ๋” ๊ธ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:50
First of all, we just remind ourselves
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์ €๋„ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ด์—์š”.
06:52
of all of those interconnected ambition loops
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์ด์ œ ์ด ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์™œ ์ ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด ๋ณผ๊ฒŒ์š”.
06:55
that weโ€™re going to be harnessing.
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06:56
Second of all, we set our exponential goal.
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์•ž์„œ ํ•ด์ƒ์šด์†ก ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์ฃ .
์šฐ์„  ์ƒ๊ธฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋‚ด์šฉ์€
07:00
Weโ€™re at zero now,
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07:01
and weโ€™ve got to get to 100 percent of all ships being zero-carbon by 2050.
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์ƒํ˜ธ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ชฉํ‘œ ์ˆœํ™˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์ˆœํ™˜์„ ์ด์šฉํ•  ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
๊ทธ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธ‰์ˆ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์„ธ์›์‹œ๋‹ค.
07:06
When we plot the exponential curve,
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07:08
we see that we need to get to five percent by 2030.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์‹œ์ž‘ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ด์ง€๋งŒ
๋ชจ๋“  ์„ ๋ฐ•์˜ ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ 2050๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ์ œ๋กœ๋กœ ๋งž์ถœ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:12
Now, that may not seem like much, but starting from zero,
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07:15
thatโ€™s a big change,
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์ง€์ˆ˜ ๊ณก์„ ์„ ๊ทธ๋ ค๋ณด๋ฉด
07:16
and it will drive the learning which drives down the cost,
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2030๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ 5%๊นŒ์ง€ ๋งž์ถฐ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
07:19
which means that in the โ€™30s we can really accelerate
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5%๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•„ ๋ณด์ด์ง„ ์•Š๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
07:22
and finish the job in the โ€™40s.
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0์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๊ฐ์•ˆํ•˜๋ฉด ํฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”์ฃ .
07:25
So how are we doing against the shared action pathway,
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์š”๋ น์„ ํ„ฐ๋“ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ ˆ๊ฐ์„ ์ด๋ฃฐ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
30๋…„๋Œ€์— ํƒ„์†Œ ์ ˆ๊ฐ์— ๋ฐ•์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ 
07:30
which is the next of our tools?
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40๋…„์—๋Š” ๋ชฉํ‘œ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃฐ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
07:32
Well, it turns out weโ€™re doing pretty well, actually.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ณต์œ ๋œ ํ–‰๋™ ์ง€์นจ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž˜ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
07:35
The biggest container shipping company in the world, Maersk,
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07:38
has already committed to buying its first zero-carbon vessel in 2023.
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ž˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑธ๋กœ ํŒ๋ช…๋์–ด์š”.
07:43
German utility Juniper has abandoned plans to invest in gas infrastructure
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ ์šด์†ก์‚ฌ์ธ ๋จธ์Šคํฌ๋Š”
์ด๋ฏธ 2023๋…„์— ํƒ„์†Œ ์ œ๋กœ ์„ ๋ฐ•์„ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:48
in the port of Wilhelmshaven
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07:50
and is instead investing in green amonia infrastructure.
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๋…์ผ์˜ ์ „๋ ฅํšŒ์‚ฌ ์œ ๋‹ˆํผ๋Š”
๋นŒํ—ฌ๋ฆ„์Šคํ•˜ํŽœ์˜ ํ•ญ๊ตฌ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์Šค ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์‹œ์„ค ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ํฌ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:54
Customers are coming together to form a cargo owners
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07:57
zero-emission vessels initiative,
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๋Œ€์‹ ์— ๋…น์ƒ‰ ์•”๋ชจ๋‹ˆ์•„ ์‹œ์„ค์— ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
07:59
sending a demand signal to container operators.
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๊ตฌ๋งค์ž๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ์—ฌ๋“ค์–ด ํ™”๋ฌผ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ
08:04
And policymakers are shifting too,
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์ œ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ ์„ ๋ฐ• ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์„ธ์šฐ๊ณ 
08:06
the EU is extending its emissions trading scheme
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์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ ์šด์˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ๋งค ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:09
to cover shipping emissions,
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08:11
which will put a price on carbon
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08:12
and incentivize investments in green fuel infrastructure.
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์ •์ฑ…์ž…์•ˆ์ž ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฐœ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์›€์ง์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—ฐํ•ฉ์€ ๋ฌด์—ญ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜์—ฌ
08:16
Technology companies are coming together.
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08:18
Seven of them have formed the Green Hydrogen Catapult
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ํ•ด์ƒ์šด์†ก์˜ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ ๊ทœ์ œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
์ด์— ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณผ์„ธ๋กœ
08:21
to drive the cost of green hydrogen down to below two dollars a kilogram
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์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์‹œ์„ค์—์˜ ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ์ด‰์ง„์‹œํ‚ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํ…Œํฌ๋†€๋กœ์ง€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค๋„ ํž˜์„ ํ•ฉ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:25
in the next five years,
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08:26
crucial action on that pathway towards commercial viability
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7๊ฐœ ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ์ˆ˜์†Œ ์ถ”์ง„ ํ˜‘์˜์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ
kg๋‹น ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ์ˆ˜์†Œ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„
08:31
for zero-carbon vessels.
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ํ–ฅํ›„ 5๋…„ ์•ˆ์— 2๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ดํ•˜๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์ถœ ๊ณ„ํš์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:33
And civil society is influencing the system as well.
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์ด๋Š” ํƒ„์†Œ ์ œ๋กœ ์„ ๋ฐ•์ด ์ƒ์—…์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ
08:37
In the Netherlands,
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08:39
over 10,000 citizens have taken shipping fuel manufacturer Shell to court,
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ณ„ํš์ด๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
์‹œ๋ฏผ ๋‹จ์ฒด๋„ ํƒ„์†Œ์‚ฐ์—… ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ–‰์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:44
and the court has found that Shell must reduce its emissions
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๋„ค๋œ๋ž€๋“œ์—์„ ,
08:47
much more ambitiously, by 45 percent by 2030.
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๋งŒ ๋ช…์ด ๋„˜๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ์„ ๋ฐ• ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ์ œ์กฐ์‚ฌ์ธ ์‰˜์„๊ณ ์†Œํ–ˆ๊ณ 
08:52
So you can see that we now have radical collaboration in the shipping system,
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๋ฒ•์ •์—์„  ํ”ผ๊ณ ์ธ ์‰˜ ์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์„ ์ค„์—ฌ
2030๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ 45%๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋„๋ก ํŒ๊ฒฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:57
driving progress towards that exponential goal.
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09:00
And that's just one system in the world economy.
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์šด์†ก ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ํ˜‘๋™์ด ์ด๋ค„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
09:02
So the great news today
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09:04
is that now thousands of countries and companies,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ˜‘๋™์„ ์‹œ์ž‘์œผ๋กœ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋“ค์„ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ค„๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:08
of cities and investors,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:09
of states and civil-society organizations
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์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์œผ๋กœ๋Š”
09:12
are all implementing these three simple rules of radical collaboration
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์™€ ๊ธฐ์—…์ฒด,
๋„์‹œ์™€ ํˆฌ์ž์ž๋“ค,
09:18
and converging actions towards exponential goals.
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์ •๋ถ€์™€ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์‚ฌํšŒ๋‹จ์ฒด๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ๋‘
09:21
Theyโ€™re not fully aligned yet, of course,
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์ด ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ํ˜‘๋™ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ 
09:23
but the more we converge, the lower the risk,
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ํ–‰๋™์„ ์ทจํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
09:27
the lower the costs and the faster that we can go.
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09:30
And so what might have seemed a real stretch or even impossible
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์•„์ง ์™„์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ž๋ฆฌ ์žก์ง„ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ
ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋”์šฑ ์ทจํ•ฉํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
09:33
just a few years ago,
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09:35
seems eminently achievable now.
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๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถฐ์•ผ ๋” ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•ด ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
09:37
My favorite example of this phenomenon is the transition to electric vehicles.
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์ด๋ฃจ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ฑธ ๋„˜์–ด
๋ช‡ ๋…„ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€๋งŒ ํ•ด๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด ๋ณด์ด๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด
09:41
In 2016, the worldโ€™s leading forecasters of the energy system
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๋”ฑ ๋ด๋„ ํ•ด๋ณผ ๋งŒํ•ด ๋ณด์ด๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ธฐ์—” ์ „๊ธฐ์ฐจ๋กœ์˜ ์ „ํ™˜์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์งํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:46
were telling us that weโ€™ll still be buying combustion engine cars
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09:49
in the 2080s.
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2016๋…„๋งŒ ํ•ด๋„ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์ €๋ช…ํ•œ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ์˜ˆ์ธก์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
09:51
Five years later, in 2021, the vehicle manufacturers of the world
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09:55
and the policymakers of the world
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2080๋…„๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๋‚ด์—ฐ ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์ž๋™์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์† ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
09:57
are converging on the exponential goal of 100 percent zero-emission vehicles,
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5๋…„ ๋’ค์ธ 2021๋…„์ด ๋˜์–ด์„œ
10:02
the end of the combustion engine in the mid-2030s.
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์ œ์กฐ์—…์ฒด๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฐ๊ตญ ์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค์€
์™„์ „ํ•œ ์ œ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ๋œป์„ ๋ชจ์œผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:06
In just five years,
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10:09
the futureโ€™s come forward by five decades.
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2030๋…„ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜์ฏค์—๋Š” ๋‚ด์—ฐ ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์ฐจ๋Š” ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:12
Now, as I said, this task of tackling the climate crisis
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10:15
and driving this transition can be really daunting.
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5๋…„ ๋งŒ์—
50๋…„์˜ ์ง„์ฒ™์„ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด ๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:18
But as always, we can turn to nature for inspiration
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๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๋Œ€๋กœ,
๊ธฐํ›„ ์œ„๊ธฐ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜์™€ ํƒ„์†Œ ์ œ๋กœ ์ถ”์ง„์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ณผ์ œ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
10:22
on how following a few simple rules can lead to beautiful new patterns.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ ์™”๋“ฏ์ด, ์ž์—ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋ˆˆ์„ ๋Œ๋ ค ์˜๊ฐ์„ ์–ป์œผ๋ฉด
10:28
Take a look at the stunning shapes
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10:30
that these flocks of starlings are forming in the sky,
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๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์ž์—ฐ ๋ฒ•์น™์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ณ  ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ํŒจํ„ด์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
10:34
by following their own three simple rules of radical flocking.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋†€๋ผ์šธ ์ •๋„๋กœ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๋ชจ์–‘์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
10:38
Rule one, pay attention to each other and donโ€™t get too close,
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์ฐŒ๋ฅด๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๋Š˜์—์„œ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€์–ด
10:42
rule two, fly in the same general direction,
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์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‚ ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:45
and rule three, donโ€™t fly too far away from each other.
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์ฒซ์งธ, ์„œ๋กœ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ถ™์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ์ฃผ์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ.
10:48
Pretty close to our own three simple rules of radical collaboration:
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๋‘˜์งธ, ๋‹ค ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ ๊ธฐ.
10:52
One, harness ambition loops, two, pursue exponential goals,
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์…‹์งธ, ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ์„œ ๋‚ ์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ.
10:56
three, follow shared action pathways.
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ํ˜‘๋™์˜ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ทœ์น™๊ณผ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๋„ค์š”.
10:59
Now, I want to finish by reflecting on one final and crucial ambition loop,
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๋ชฉํ‘œ ์ˆœํ™˜์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธ‰์ˆ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชฉํ‘œ ์„ธ์šฐ๊ธฐ.
11:05
one that enables all of the others.
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ณต์œ ๋œ ํ–‰๋™ ์–‘์‹ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๊ธฐ.
11:08
This is the feedback loop
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์ด์ œ ์•„์ฃผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ชฉํ‘œ ์ˆœํ™˜์„ ๋˜๋Œ์•„ ๋ณด๋ฉฐ ๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:09
between the stories that we tell of the path to the future
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์ผ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
11:15
and the future that we create
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ ์ˆœํ™˜์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
11:17
and the actions that we take today.
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์ด๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋กœ ํ–ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์™€
11:21
We humans are storytellers, we're born storytellers,
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11:23
we tell stories to each other all the time.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ทจํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ด์ฃ .
11:27
These stories of the future are our ambition loop.
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์ €ํฌ ์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ํƒ€๊ณ ๋‚œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊พผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:30
So if we tell stories full of fear and failure,
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ์„œ๋กœ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
11:34
then we will dispirit and disempower each other,
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์•ผ์‹ฌ์ฐฌ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃฐ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ณตํฌ์™€ ์‹คํŒจ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ฉด
11:40
Weโ€™ll derail our collective efforts to build a better future.
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์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ์„ ๋‚™๋‹ด์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด
11:44
But when we tell positive stories,
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11:47
we tap into the very best of the human spirit,
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11:49
we inspire collaboration and innovation.
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๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ์ˆ˜ํฌ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ฃ .
11:53
So itโ€™s crucial that we pay real attention
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๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ฉด
11:55
to the stories that weโ€™re sharing about our pathway on the race to zero.
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๊ธฐ์šด์„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์กฐ๋กœ ๋Œ์–ด์˜ฌ๋ ค
ํ˜‘๋™๊ณผ ํ˜์‹  ์ •์‹ ์„ ๊ฐ–๋„๋ก ๊ณ ๋ฌด์‹œํ‚ค์ฃ .
12:00
We have to make sure we seek out
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:02
and select positive examples of change
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12:05
along those pathways to the exponential goals
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์ œ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๊ธธ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
12:08
and share them widely.
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๋ฐฐ์ถœ์„ ์ค„์ผ ์ „ํ™˜ ์ •์ฑ… ์ค‘
12:09
Thatโ€™s how we build the most important and powerful ambition loop of all.
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์ข‹์€ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ์ข‡์•„์•ผ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์„ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
12:14
Because the stories that we tell the most often
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12:16
are the ones that will come true.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด๋“ค๊ณผ ๋„๋ฆฌ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด์•ผ๋ง๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ชฉํ‘œ ์ˆœํ™˜์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:19
Thank you.
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์ข‹์€ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ๋งํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก
๋ฏธ๋ž˜์—” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ˜„์‹ค์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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