The price of a "clean" internet | Hans Block and Moritz Riesewieck

66,546 views ใƒป 2019-11-21

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Yael Ring ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Sigal Tifferet
00:12
[This talk contains mature content]
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(ื”ืจืฆืื” ื–ื• ืžื›ื™ืœื” ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืœืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื)
00:16
Moritz Riesewieck: On March 23, 2013,
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ืžื•ืจื™ืฅ ืจื™ื–ื ื•ื•ื™ืง: ื‘-23 ื‘ืžืจืฅ 2013
00:21
users worldwide discovered in their news feed
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ื’ื•ืœืฉื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื’ื™ืœื• ื‘ืžืžืฉืง ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื
00:25
a video of a young girl being raped by an older man.
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ื•ื™ื“ืื• ืฉืœ ืื•ื ืก ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื” ืฆืขื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื“ื ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ.
00:31
Before this video was removed from Facebook,
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ืกืจ ืžืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง,
00:35
it was already shared 16,000 times,
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ื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ืขื‘ืจ 16,000 ืคืขืžื™ื,
00:39
and it was even liked 4,000 times.
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืกื™ืžื ื• ืœื• ืœื™ื™ืง 4,000 ืคืขืžื™ื.
00:45
This video went viral and infected the net.
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ื”ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื”ื–ื” ื”ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื•ื™ืจืืœื™ ื•ื”ื“ื‘ื™ืง ืืช ื”ืจืฉืช.
00:49
Hans Block: And that was the moment we asked ourselves
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ื”ื ืก ื‘ืœื•ืง: ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืจื’ืข ื‘ื• ืฉืืœื ื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื•
00:52
how could something like this get on Facebook?
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ืื™ืš ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžืฉื”ื• ื›ื–ื” ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง?
00:55
And at the same time, why don't we see such content more often?
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ื•ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ, ืœืžื” ืœื ืคื•ื’ืฉื™ื ืชื›ื ื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช?
01:00
After all, there's a lot of revolting material online,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, ื™ืฉื ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื’ื•ืขืœื™ื™ื ื‘ืจืฉืช,
01:03
but why do we so rarely see such crap on Facebook, Twitter or Google?
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื–ื‘ืœ ื›ื–ื” ื‘ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง, ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ ืื• ื’ื•ื’ืœ ืœืขืชื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืจื—ื•ืงื•ืช?
01:08
MR: While image-recognition software
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ืžื•ืจื™ืฅ: ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืชื•ื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช
01:11
can identify the outlines of sexual organs,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืช ืฆื•ืจืชื ืฉืœ ืื™ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื™ืŸ,
01:15
blood or naked skin in images and videos,
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ื“ื ืื• ืขื•ืจ ื—ืฉื•ืฃ ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืงื˜ืขื™ ื•ื™ื“ืื•,
01:20
it has immense difficulties to distinguish pornographic content
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ื”ืŸ ืžืชืงืฉื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืคื•ืจื ื•ื’ืจืคื™
01:26
from holiday pictures, Adonis statues
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ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืžื—ื•ืคืฉื”, ืื• ืคืกืœื™ ืื“ื•ื ื™ืก
01:30
or breast-cancer screening campaigns.
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ืื• ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืžื›ื•ืช ื‘ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืžื•ืงื“ื ืฉืœ ืกืจื˜ืŸ ื”ืฉื“.
01:33
It can't distinguish Romeo and Juliet dying onstage
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ื”ืŸ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจื•ืžื™ืื• ื•ื™ื•ืœื™ื” ืžืชื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืžื”
01:37
from a real knife attack.
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ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืงื™ืคื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืกื›ื™ืŸ.
01:39
It can't distinguish satire from propaganda
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ื”ืŸ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกืื˜ื™ืจื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืขืžื•ืœื”
01:45
or irony from hatred, and so on and so forth.
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ืื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืจื•ื ื™ื” ืœืฉื ืื” ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœืื”.
01:50
Therefore, humans are needed to decide
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ืœื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืฉื™ื—ืœื™ื˜ื•
01:54
which of the suspicious content should be deleted,
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ืื™ื–ื” ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ืœืžื—ื•ืง,
01:58
and which should remain.
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ื•ืื™ื–ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ.
02:00
Humans whom we know almost nothing about,
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ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžืขื˜ ืžืื•ื“,
02:03
because they work in secret.
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื”ื™ื—ื‘ื.
02:06
They sign nondisclosure agreements,
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ื”ื ื—ื•ืชืžื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ืฉืชื™ืงื”,
02:07
which prohibit them from talking and sharing
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ื”ืžื•ื ืขื™ื ืžื”ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื•ืœื—ืœื•ืง
02:10
what they see on their screens and what this work does to them.
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ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืจื•ืื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืกื›ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื•ืื™ืš ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื–ืืช ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ืขืœื™ื”ื.
02:14
They are forced to use code words in order to hide who they work for.
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ื”ื ื ืืœืฆื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื™ืœื•ืช ืงื•ื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืกืชื™ืจ ืืช ืฉื ื”ืžืขืกื™ืงื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
02:19
They are monitored by private security firms
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ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืขื•ืงื‘ื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื”ืŸ
02:22
in order to ensure that they don't talk to journalists.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ื ืœื ื™ื“ื‘ืจื• ืขื ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื.
02:26
And they are threatened by fines in case they speak.
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ื•ืื ื™ื“ื‘ืจื• ื™ืงื ืกื• ืื•ืชื ื‘ืงื ืกื•ืช.
02:30
All of this sounds like a weird crime story,
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ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข ื›ืžื• ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืคืฉืข ืžื•ื–ืจ,
02:34
but it's true.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
02:35
These people exist,
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ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื,
02:37
and they are called content moderators.
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ื•ื”ื ื ืงืจืื™ื ืžืกื ื ื™ ืชื•ื›ืŸ.
02:42
HB: We are the directors of the feature documentary film "The Cleaners,"
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ื”ื ืก: ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื‘ืžืื™ื ืฉืœ ืกืจื˜ ื“ื•ืงื•ืžื ื˜ืจื™ ืฉื ืงืจื "ื”ืžื ืงื™ื",
02:46
and we would like to take you
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ืืชื›ื
02:48
to a world that many of you may not know yet.
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ืœืขื•ืœื ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ืžื›ื ืื•ืœื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื.
02:51
Here's a short clip of our film.
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ื”ื ื” ืงื˜ืข ืงืฆืจ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืกืจื˜ ืฉืœื ื•.
02:58
(Music)
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(ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”)
03:04
(Video) Moderator: I need to be anonymous, because we have a contract signed.
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(ื•ื™ื“ืื•) ืžืกื ืŸ: ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื ื•ื ื™ืžื™, ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื—ื•ื–ื” ื—ืชื•ื.
03:09
We are not allowed to declare whom we are working with.
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ืืกื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืœืกืคืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื.
03:14
The reason why I speak to you
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ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœื” ืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ืชื›ื
03:16
is because the world should know that we are here.
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ื”ื™ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื.
03:22
There is somebody who is checking the social media.
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ื™ืฉ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉื‘ื•ื“ืง ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช.
03:26
We are doing our best to make this platform
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื˜ื‘ ืฉื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ื”ื–ืืช
03:29
safe for all of them.
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ืœื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ื•ืœื.
03:42
Delete.
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ืžื—ืง.
03:44
Ignore.
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ื”ืชืขืœื.
03:45
Delete.
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ืžื—ืง.
03:47
Ignore.
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ื”ืชืขืœื.
03:48
Delete.
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ืžื—ืง.
03:50
Ignore.
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ื”ืชืขืœื.
03:51
Ignore.
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ื”ืชืขืœื.
03:53
Delete.
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ืžื—ืง.
03:58
HB: The so-called content moderators
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ื”ื ืก: ืžืกื ื ื™ ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืืœื”
04:00
don't get their paychecks from Facebook, Twitter or Google themselves,
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ืื™ื ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื•ืจืช ืฉืœื”ื ืžืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง, ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ ืื• ื’ื•ื’ืœ ื‘ืขืฆืžื.
04:04
but from outsourcing firms around the world
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ืืœื ืžื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžื™ืงื•ืจ-ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื
04:06
in order to keep the wages low.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืžืฉื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช.
04:08
Tens of thousands of young people
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ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื
04:10
looking at everything we are not supposed to see.
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ืฉืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช.
04:14
And we are talking about decapitations, mutilations,
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืขืจื™ืคื•ืช ืจืืฉื™ื, ืงื˜ื™ืขืช ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื,
04:17
executions, necrophilia, torture, child abuse.
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ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืœื”ื•ืจื’, ื ืงืจื•ืคื™ืœื™ื”, ืขื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื, ื”ืชืขืœืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ืœื“ื™ื.
04:21
Thousands of images in one shift --
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ืืœืคื™ ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืžืจืช ืื—ืช --
04:24
ignore, delete, day and night.
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ื”ืชืขืœื, ืžื—ืง, ื™ื•ื ื•ืœื™ืœื”.
04:27
And much of this work is done in Manila,
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ื•ื—ืœืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื–ืืช ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ืžื ื™ืœื”,
04:30
where the analog toxic waste from the Western world
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ืืœื™ื” ื”ืคืกื•ืœืช ื”ืจืขื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™
04:34
was transported for years by container ships,
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ื”ื•ืขื‘ืจื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื,
04:36
now the digital waste is dumped there via fiber-optic cable.
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ืคืกื•ืœืช ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช ืžื•ืฉืœื›ืช ืฉื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื›ื‘ืœื™ื ืื•ืคื˜ื™ื™ื.
04:40
And just as the so-called scavengers
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ื•ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืฉ"ืžื—ื˜ื˜ื™ ื”ื–ื‘ืœ", ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื ื ืงืจืื™ื,
04:43
rummage through gigantic tips on the edge of the city,
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ืžื—ื˜ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื•ืช ืขืจื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื ืง ื‘ืฉื•ืœื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ,
04:47
the content moderators click their way through an endless toxic ocean
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ื›ื›ื” ื’ื ืžืกื ื ื™ ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืžืงืœื™ืงื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืื•ืงื™ืื ื•ืก ื”ืจืขื™ืœ ื”ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™
04:52
of images and videos and all manner of intellectual garbage,
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ืฉืœ ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืงื˜ืขื™ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื•ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ื–ื‘ืœ ืื™ื ื˜ืœืงื˜ื•ืืœื™,
04:56
so that we don't have to look at it.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืจืื•ืช ืื•ืชื•.
04:58
MR: But unlike the wounds of the scavengers,
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ืžื•ืจื™ืฅ: ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืคืฆืขื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืžื—ื˜ื˜ื™ ื”ื–ื‘ืœ,
05:02
those of the content moderators remain invisible.
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ืืœื” ืฉืœ ืžืกื ื ื™ ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืจืื™ื.
05:06
Full of shocking and disturbing content,
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ืžืœืื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืžืขื•ืจืจ ืคืœืฆื•ืช ื•ื—ืจื“ื”,
05:09
these pictures and videos burrow into their memories
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ื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืงื˜ืขื™ ื”ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื”ืืœื” ืžืชื—ืคืจื™ื ื‘ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื
05:12
where, at any time, they can have unpredictable effects:
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ืฉื, ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช, ืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ื•ืช:
05:15
eating disorders, loss of libido,
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ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ืื›ื™ืœื”, ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื”ื—ืฉืง ื”ืžื™ื ื™,
05:19
anxiety disorders, alcoholism,
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ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ื—ืจื“ื”, ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœื™ื–ื,
05:22
depression, which can even lead to suicide.
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ื“ื™ื›ืื•ืŸ, ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชืื‘ื“ื•ืช.
05:26
The pictures and videos infect them,
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ื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืงื˜ืขื™ ื”ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื—ื•ื“ืจื™ื ืืœื™ื”ื,
05:28
and often never let them go again.
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ื•ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช, ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืžืฉืชื—ืจืจื™ื ืžื”ื.
05:30
If they are unlucky, they develop post-traumatic stress disorders,
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ืื ื”ื ื—ืกืจื™ ืžื–ืœ, ื”ื ืžืคืชื—ื™ื ื”ืคืจืขืช ื“ื—ืง ืคื•ืกื˜-ื˜ืจืื•ืžื˜ื™ืช,
05:35
like soldiers after war missions.
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ื›ืžื• ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืงืจื‘.
05:39
In our film, we tell the story of a young man
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ื‘ืกืจื˜ ืฉืœื ื•, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ืจ ืฆืขื™ืจ
05:43
who had to monitor livestreams of self-mutilations and suicide attempts,
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ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืกื ืŸ ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืคืฆื™ืขื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช ื•ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืื•ื‘ื“ื ื™ื™ื,
05:48
again and again,
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ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘,
05:50
and who eventually committed suicide himself.
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ืขื“ ืฉืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืื‘ื“ ื‘ืขืฆืžื•.
05:53
It's not an isolated case, as we've been told.
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ื–ื”ื• ืื™ื ื• ืžืงืจื™ ื‘ื•ื“ื“, ื›ืš ื ืืžืจ ืœื ื•.
05:57
This is the price all of us pay
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉืœื
06:01
for our so-called clean and safe and "healthy"
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื” ืฉื ืงืจื: ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจื” ื ืงื™ื™ื”, ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ื•"ื‘ืจื™ืื”" ืœื›ืื•ืจื”, ื‘ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช.
06:06
environments on social media.
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06:10
Never before in the history of mankind
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ื–ืืช ื”ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช
06:13
has it been easier to reach millions of people around the globe
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ืฉื›ืœ ื›ืš ืงืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื
06:16
in a few seconds.
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ื‘ืฉื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื•ืช.
06:18
What is posted on social media spreads so quickly,
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ืžื” ืฉืžื•ืขืœื” ืœืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืžืชืคืฉื˜ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื”ืจ,
06:22
becomes viral and excites the minds of people all around the globe.
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ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื•ื™ืจืืœื™ ื•ืžืจื’ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
06:26
Before it is deleted,
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžื•ื—ืงื™ื ืื•ืชื•,
06:28
it is often already too late.
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ื–ื” ืœืจื•ื‘ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืื•ื—ืจ ืžื“ื™.
06:30
Millions of people have already been infected
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ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื“ื‘ืงื•
06:33
with hatred and anger,
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ื‘ืฉื ืื” ื•ื›ืขืก,
06:35
and they either become active online,
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ื•ืื• ืฉื”ื ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคืขื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืจืฉืช,
06:37
by spreading or amplifying hatred,
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืคืฆืช ื•ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ืฉื ืื”,
06:41
or they take to the streets and take up arms.
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ืื• ืฉื”ื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืœืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื›ืœื™ ื ืฉืง.
06:45
HB: Therefore, an army of content moderators
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ื”ื ืก: ืœื›ืŸ, ืฆื‘ื ืฉืœ ืžืกื ื ื™ ืชื•ื›ืŸ
06:47
sit in front of a screen to avoid new collateral damage.
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ื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืžื•ืœ ื”ืžืกืš ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ื ื–ืง ืงื•ืœืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื—ื“ืฉ.
06:52
And they are deciding, as soon as possible,
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ื•ื”ื ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ืช,
06:54
whether the content stays on the platform -- ignore;
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ืื ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื ืฉืืจ ื‘ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” - ื”ืชืขืœื;
06:58
or disappears -- delete.
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ืื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืขืœื - ืžื—ืง.
07:01
But not every decision is as clear
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื”ื™ื ืงืœื”
07:04
as the decision about a child-abuse video.
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ื›ืžื• ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื•ื™ื“ืื• ืฉืœ ืื•ื ืก ื”ื™ืœื“ื”.
07:07
What about controversial content, ambivalent content,
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ืžื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™, ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืืžื™ื‘ื•ื•ื ืœื˜ื™,
07:10
uploaded by civil rights activists or citizen journalists?
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ืฉืžื•ืขืœื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืคืขื™ืœื™ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื ืื• ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื?
07:14
The content moderators often decide on such cases
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ืžืกื ื ื™ ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืœืจื•ื‘ ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ื›ืืœื”
07:17
at the same speed as the [clear] cases.
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ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื”"ืงืœื™ื".
07:21
MR: We will show you a video now,
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ืžื•ืจื™ืฅ: ื ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืงื˜ืข ื•ื™ื“ืื•
07:24
and we would like to ask you to decide:
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉืชื—ืœื™ื˜ื•:
07:27
Would you delete it,
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ื”ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืžื•ื—ืงื™ื ืื•ืชื•,
07:29
or would you not delete it?
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ืื• ืœื?
07:31
(Video) (Air strike sounds)
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(ื•ื™ื“ืื•) (ืงื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืงื™ืคืช ืื•ื•ื™ืจ)
07:33
(Explosion)
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(ื”ืคืฆืฆื”)
07:40
(People speaking in Arabic)
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(ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ืช)
07:46
MR: Yeah, we did some blurring for you.
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ืžื•ืจื™ืฅ: ื›ืŸ, ื˜ืฉื˜ืฉื ื• ืงืฆืช ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื.
07:49
A child would potentially be dangerously disturbed
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ื™ืœื“ ืฉื™ืฆืคื” ื‘ื–ื” ื™ื•ืฉืคืข ืงืฉื•ืช
07:52
and extremely frightened by such content.
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ื•ื™ืคื—ื“ ืžืื•ื“ ืžืชื•ื›ืŸ ืฉื›ื–ื”.
07:55
So, you rather delete it?
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ืื–, ื”ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืœืžื—ื•ืง ืื•ืชื•?
07:59
But what if this video could help investigate the war crimes in Syria?
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืื ื”ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื”ื–ื” ื™ืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ืคืฉืขื™ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ืกื•ืจื™ื”?
08:04
What if nobody would have heard about this air strike,
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ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ืงื•ืจื” ืื ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ืžืข ืขืœ ืžืชืงืคืช ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ื–ื•,
08:07
because Facebook, YouTube, Twitter would have decided to take it down?
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง, ื™ื•ื˜ื™ื•ื‘ ื•ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ ื”ื™ื• ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืื•ืชื•?
08:12
Airwars, a nongovernmental organization based in London,
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Airwars, ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืœื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ืฉื‘ืกื™ืกื• ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ,
08:17
tries to find those videos as quickly as possible
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ืžื ืกื” ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ืกืจื˜ื™ ื”ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื”ืืœื” ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ืช
08:20
whenever they are uploaded to social media,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉื”ื ืžื•ืขืœื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช,
08:22
in order to archive them.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืกื•ืฃ ืื•ืชื.
08:24
Because they know, sooner or later,
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ื›ื™ ื”ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืฉื‘ืžื•ืงื“ื ืื• ืžืื•ื—ืจ,
08:27
Facebook, YouTube, Twitter would take such content down.
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ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง, ื™ื•ื˜ื™ื•ื‘ ื•ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ ื™ื•ืจื™ื“ื• ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืฉื›ื–ื”.
08:31
People armed with their mobile phones
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ ื”ืกืœื•ืœืจ ืฉืœื”ื
08:33
can make visible what journalists often do not have access to.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืžื” ืฉืœืจื•ื‘ ืœืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืืœื™ื•.
08:37
Civil rights groups often do not have any better option
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ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื ืœืจื•ื‘ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืคืฆื™ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
08:40
to quickly make their recordings accessible to a large audience
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื™ืฅ ืืช ื”ื”ืงืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืœืงื”ืœ ืจื—ื‘ ื›ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืจ
08:44
than by uploading them to social media.
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ืžืืฉืจ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืื•ืชื ืœืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช.
08:47
Wasn't this the empowering potential the World Wide Web should have?
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ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ืจืฆื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื”ืขืฆื•ื ื”ื’ืœื•ื ื‘ืจืฉืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜?
08:52
Weren't these the dreams
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ื”ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ื—ืœืžื•
08:54
people in its early stages had about the World Wide Web?
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืจืฉืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜?
08:59
Can't pictures and videos like these
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ื”ืื ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ืืœื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื
09:02
persuade people who have become insensitive to facts
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ืœืฉื›ื ืข ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืคื›ื• ืœืื“ื™ืฉื™ื ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช
09:07
to rethink?
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ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื ื™ืช?
09:09
HB: But instead, everything that might be disturbing is deleted.
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ื”ื ืก: ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ื, ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™, ื ืžื—ืง.
09:13
And there's a general shift in society.
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ื•ื™ืฉื ื” ืชื–ื•ื–ื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”.
09:15
Media, for example, more and more often use trigger warnings
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ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื, ืžืฉืชืžืฉืช ื‘ืื–ื”ืจื•ืช ื’ื™ืจื•ื™ ืœืขืชื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช
09:19
at the top of articles
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืฆื™ื’ื” ื›ืชื‘ื•ืช
09:21
which some people may perceive as offensive or troubling.
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ืฉื—ืœืง ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืคืจืฉื• ืื•ืชืŸ ื›ืคื•ื’ืขื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ื•ืช.
09:24
Or more and more students at universities in the United States
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ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื•ืช ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘
09:28
demand the banishment of antique classics
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ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืกืจืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ืงืœืืกื™ืงื•ืช ืขืชื™ืงื•ืช
09:31
which depict sexual violence or assault from the curriculum.
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ื”ืžืฆื™ื’ื•ืช ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ืžื™ื ื™ืช ืื• ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ืžืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื.
09:34
But how far should we go with that?
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ ืœื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืขื ื–ื”?
09:37
Physical integrity is guaranteed as a human right
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ื”ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื›ื–ื›ื•ืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช
09:41
in constitutions worldwide.
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ื‘ื—ื•ืงื•ืช ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
09:43
In the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union,
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ื‘ืฆ'ืจื˜ืจ ืฉืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™,
09:47
this right expressly applies to mental integrity.
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ื–ื›ื•ืช ื–ื• ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื’ื ืœืฉืœืžื•ืช ื”ืžื ื˜ืœื™ืช.
09:51
But even if the potentially traumatic effect
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ืื‘ืœ ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืงืฉื” ืœื—ื–ื•ืช ืืช
09:54
of images and videos is hard to predict,
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ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื”ื˜ืจืื•ืžื˜ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ ื•ื™ื“ืื•,
09:56
do we want to become so cautious
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ื”ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื–ื”ื™ืจื™ื
09:58
that we risk losing social awareness of injustice?
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ืฉื ืกืชื›ืŸ ื‘ืื‘ื“ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืœืื™ ืฆื“ืง?
10:03
So what to do?
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ืื– ืžื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช?
10:04
Mark Zuckerberg recently stated that in the future,
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ืžืืจืง ืฆื•ืงืจื‘ืจื’ ื”ืฆื”ื™ืจ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉื‘ืขืชื™ื“,
10:07
the users, we, or almost everybody,
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ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื, ืื ื—ื ื•, ืื• ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ื•ืœื,
10:11
will decide individually
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ื ื—ืœื™ื˜ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืฆืžืื™
10:14
what they would like to see on the platform,
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ืžื” ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื”,
10:16
by personal filter settings.
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ืกื™ื ื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช.
10:18
So everyone could easily claim to remain undisturbed
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ื›ืš ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืœื ื—ืฉื•ืคื™ื
10:21
by images of war or other violent conflicts, like ...
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ืœืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืœื—ืžื” ื•ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืืœื™ืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื›ืžื•...
10:25
MR: I'm the type of guy who doesn't mind seeing breasts
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ืžื•ืจื™ืฅ: ืื ื™ ืžืกื•ื’ ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืฉืœื ืื›ืคืช ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ื—ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืจื”
10:30
and I'm very interested in global warming,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืื•ื“ ืžืชืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืชื—ืžืžื•ืช ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช,
10:34
but I don't like war so much.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืœื ืื•ื”ื‘ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš.
10:37
HB: Yeah, I'm more the opposite,
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ื”ื ืก: ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ื“ื™ ื”ืคื•ืš,
10:38
I have zero interest in naked breasts or naked bodies at all.
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ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืฉื•ื ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืื• ื›ืœ ื’ื•ืฃ ื—ืฉื•ืฃ ื‘ื›ืœืœ.
10:43
But why not guns? I like guns, yes.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžื” ืœื ืจื•ื‘ื™ื? ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืจื•ื‘ื™ื!!
10:46
MR: Come on, if we don't share a similar social consciousness,
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ืžื•ืจื™ืฅ: ื‘ืืžืช, ืื ืœื ื ื—ืœื•ืง ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื“ื•ืžื”
10:50
how shall we discuss social problems?
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ืื™ืš ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช?
10:53
How shall we call people to action?
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ืื™ืš ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืœืคืขื•ืœื”?
10:55
Even more isolated bubbles would emerge.
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ื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื‘ื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ื•ืคื™ืขื•.
10:59
One of the central questions is: "How, in the future,
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ืื—ืช ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื: "ืื™ืš, ื‘ืขืชื™ื“,
11:02
freedom of expression will be weighed against the people's need for protection."
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ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืžื•ืœ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ื’ื ื”".
11:08
It's a matter of principle.
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ื–ื”ื• ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืงืจื•ื ื™.
11:10
Do we want to design an either open or closed society
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ื”ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื” ืคืชื•ื—ื” ืื• ืกื’ื•ืจื”
11:14
for the digital space?
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ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™?
11:17
At the heart of the matter is "freedom versus security."
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ื‘ืœื‘ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืฉืืœืช "ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ".
11:24
Facebook has always wanted to be a "healthy" platform.
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ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง ืชืžื™ื“ ืจืฆืชื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” "ื‘ืจื™ืื”",
11:28
Above all, users should feel safe and secure.
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ืžืขืœ ืœื›ืœ, ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื.
11:32
It's the same choice of words
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ืืœื• ืื•ืชื ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื•
11:34
the content moderators in the Philippines used
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ืžืกื ื ื™ ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืคื™ืœื™ืคื™ื ื™ื
11:37
in a lot of our interviews.
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ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ืจืื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ืื™ืชื.
11:40
(Video) The world that we are living in right now,
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(ื•ื™ื“ื) ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื• ืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืจื’ืข,
11:42
I believe, is not really healthy.
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ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ, ืื™ื ื ื• ืžืžืฉ ื‘ืจื™ื.
11:44
(Music)
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(ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”)
11:46
In this world, there is really an evil who exists.
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ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”, ื™ืฉ ืจื•ืข ืืžื™ืชื™ ืฉืงื™ื™ื.
11:49
(Music)
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(ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”)
11:52
We need to watch for it.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื–ื”ืจ ืžืคื ื™ื•.
11:54
(Music)
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(ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”)
11:56
We need to control it -- good or bad.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ื• - ืœื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืœืจืข.
12:00
(Music)
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(ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”)
12:10
[Look up, Young man! --God]
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[ืชืกืชื›ืœ ืœืžืขืœื”, ื‘ื—ื•ืจ! - ืืœื•ื”ื™ื]
12:14
MR: For the young content moderators in the strictly Catholic Philippines,
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ืžื•ืจื™ืฅ: ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืกื ื ื™ ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืœื™ืคื™ื ื™ืช ื”ืงืชื•ืœื™ืช ื”ืื“ื•ืงื”,
12:19
this is linked to a Christian mission.
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ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ื• ื–ื”ื” ืœืžืฉื™ืžื” ื ื•ืฆืจื™ืช.
12:22
To counter the sins of the world
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ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื—ื˜ืื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื
12:25
which spread across the web.
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ื”ืžืชืคืฉื˜ื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืจืฉืช.
12:28
"Cleanliness is next to godliness,"
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"ื”ื ื™ืงื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืืœื•ื”ื™",
12:32
is a saying everybody in the Philippines knows.
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื‘ืคื™ืœื™ืคื™ื ื™ื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื.
12:36
HB: And others motivate themselves
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ื”ื ืก: ื•ื”ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ืื—ืจื™ื ื ื•ื‘ืขืช
12:37
by comparing themselves with their president, Rodrigo Duterte.
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ืžื”ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ื‘ื™ื ื ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื”ื, ืจื•ื“ืจื™ื’ื• ื“ื•ื˜ืจื˜ื”.
12:41
He has been ruling the Philippines since 2016,
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ื”ื•ื ืžื›ื”ืŸ ื‘ืคื™ืœื™ืคื™ื ื™ื ืžืื– 2016,
12:45
and he won the election with the promise: "I will clean up."
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื–ื›ื” ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืขื ื”ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื”: "ืื ื™ ืื ืงื”".
12:49
And what that means is eliminating all kinds of problems
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ื•ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช
12:53
by literally killing people on the streets
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืจื’ ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช
12:55
who are supposed to be criminals, whatever that means.
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ืฉืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคื•ืฉืขื™ื, ืžื” ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื”.
12:58
And since he was elected,
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ื•ืžืื– ืฉื ื‘ื—ืจ,
12:59
an estimated 20,000 people have been killed.
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ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ื ืฉื›-20,000 ืื™ืฉ ื ื”ืจื’ื•.
13:03
And one moderator in our film says,
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ื•ืžืกื ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืกืจื˜ ืฉืœื ื• ืื•ืžืจ:
13:06
"What Duterte does on the streets,
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"ืžื” ืฉื“ื•ื˜ืจื˜ื” ืขื•ืฉื” ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช,
13:08
I do for the internet."
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ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜".
13:10
And here they are, our self-proclaimed superheroes,
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ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ื, ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ืขืœ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืžื,
13:14
who enforce law and order in our digital world.
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ืฉืื•ื›ืคื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ื•ื”ืกื“ืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ ืฉืœื ื•.
13:17
They clean up, they polish everything clean,
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ื”ื ืžื ืงื™ื ื”ื›ืœ, ื“ื•ืื’ื™ื ืฉื”ื›ืœ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืฆื•ื—ืฆื—,
13:19
they free us from everything evil.
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ืžืฉื—ืจืจื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ืžื›ืœ ืจืข.
13:22
Tasks formerly reserved to state authorities
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ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืฉื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื• ืฉืžื•ืจื•ืช ืœืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”
13:26
have been taken over by college graduates in their early 20s,
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ื”ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ืœืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ ืžื›ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื,
13:29
equipped with three- to five-day training --
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ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืขื“ ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื™ืžื™ ื”ื›ืฉืจื” --
13:32
this is the qualification --
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ื–ืืช ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื” --
13:34
who work on nothing less than the world's rescue.
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ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื”ืฆืœืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช.
13:38
MR: National sovereignties have been outsourced to private companies,
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ืžื•ืจื™ืฅ: ื”ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืขื•ื‘ืจืช ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื—ื•ืฅ ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช,
13:42
and they pass on their responsibilities to third parties.
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ื•ื”ืŸ ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœืฆื“ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™.
13:47
It's an outsourcing of the outsourcing of the outsourcing,
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ื–ื”ื• ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื—ื•ืฅ ืฉืœ ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื—ื•ืฅ ืฉืœ ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื—ื•ืฅ,
13:50
which takes place.
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ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉ.
13:51
With social networks,
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ื‘ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช,
13:53
we are dealing with a completely new infrastructure,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ,
13:56
with its own mechanisms,
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ื‘ืขืœืช ืžื‘ื ื” ืžืฉืœื”,
13:57
its own logic of action
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ืฆื•ืจืช ืคืขื•ืœื” ืžืฉืœื”
13:59
and therefore, also, its own new dangers,
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ, ื’ื, ืกื›ื ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืžืฉืœื”,
14:04
which had not yet existed in the predigitalized public sphere.
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ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื• ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ืฉืœืคื ื™ ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช.
14:08
HB: When Mark Zuckerberg was at the US Congress
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ื”ื ืก: ื›ืฉืžืืจืง ืฆื•ืงืจื‘ืจื’ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืงื•ื ื’ืจืก ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™
14:10
or at the European Parliament,
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ืื• ื‘ืคืจืœืžื ื˜ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™,
14:12
he was confronted with all kinds of critics.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืžื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
14:15
And his reaction was always the same:
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ื•ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœื• ืชืžื™ื“ ื–ื”ื”:
14:18
"We will fix that,
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"ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื–ื”,
14:19
and I will follow up on that with my team."
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ื•ืื ื™ ืืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื–ื” ืขื ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื™".
14:23
But such a debate shouldn't be held in back rooms of Facebook,
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ืื‘ืœ ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืžืกื•ื’ ื–ื” ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ื“ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง,
14:26
Twitter or Google --
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ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ ืื• ื’ื•ื’ืœ --
14:28
such a debate should be openly discussed in new, cosmopolitan parliaments,
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ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืคืชื•ื—, ื‘ืคืจืœืžื ื˜ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ืงื•ืกืžื•ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื™ื,
14:33
in new institutions that reflect the diversity of people
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ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืžืฉืงืคื™ื ืืช ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื
14:38
contributing to a utopian project of a global network.
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ื”ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืคื™ ืฉืœ ืจืฉืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช.
14:42
And while it may seem impossible to consider the values
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ื•ื–ื” ืื•ืœื™ ื ืจืื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ืืช ืขืจื›ื™ื”ื
14:45
of users worldwide,
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ืฉืœ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
14:48
it's worth believing
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ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ
14:49
that there's more that connects us than separates us.
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ืฉื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื”ืžืคืจื™ื“.
14:53
MR: Yeah, at a time when populism is gaining strength,
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ืžื•ืจื™ืฅ: ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ื• ืคื•ืคื•ืœื™ื–ื ืžืชืขืฆื,
14:57
it becomes popular to justify the symptoms,
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ื–ื” ื ื”ื™ื” ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ ืœื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ืืช ื”ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ืžื™ื,
15:00
to eradicate them,
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ืœื—ืกืœ ืื•ืชื,
15:01
to make them invisible.
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ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ืชื ืœื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืจืื™ื.
15:04
This ideology is spreading worldwide,
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ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ืžืชืคืฉื˜ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
15:08
analog as well as digital,
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ื”ืื ืœื•ื’ื™ ื•ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™,
15:11
and it's our duty to stop it
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ื•ืžื—ื•ื‘ืชื ื• ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืื•ืชื”
15:15
before it's too late.
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืื•ื—ืจ ืžื“ื™.
15:17
The question of freedom and democracy
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ืœื ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื‘ืฉืืœืช ื”ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื”
15:21
must not only have these two options.
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ื™ื”ื™ื• ืจืง ืฉืชื™ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”:
15:25
HB: Delete.
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ืžื—ืง
15:26
MR: Or ignore.
271
926243
2147
ืื• ื”ืชืขืœื.
15:29
HB: Thank you very much.
272
929300
1597
ื”ื ืก: ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
15:30
(Applause)
273
930921
5269
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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