The price of a "clean" internet | Hans Block and Moritz Riesewieck

66,430 views

2019-11-21 ใƒป TED


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The price of a "clean" internet | Hans Block and Moritz Riesewieck

66,430 views ใƒป 2019-11-21

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Jungmin Hwang ๊ฒ€ํ† : Yunjung Nam
00:12
[This talk contains mature content]
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[๋ณธ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์€ ๋ฏธ์„ฑ๋…„์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ]
00:16
Moritz Riesewieck: On March 23, 2013,
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๋ชจ๋ฆฌ์ธ  ๋ฆฌ์ œ๋น„ํฌ(MR): 2013๋…„ 3์›” 23์ผ์—,
00:21
users worldwide discovered in their news feed
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์œ ์ €๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ๋‰ด์Šคํ”ผ๋“œ์—์„œ
00:25
a video of a young girl being raped by an older man.
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๋‚จ์„ฑ์ด ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์—ฌ์ž์•„์ด๋ฅผ ์„ฑํญํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:31
Before this video was removed from Facebook,
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ํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ถ์—์„œ ์‚ญ์ œ๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€
00:35
it was already shared 16,000 times,
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๊ทธ ์˜์ƒ์€ ์ด๋ฏธ 16,000ํšŒ ๊ณต์œ ๋œ ์ƒํƒœ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
and it was even liked 4,000 times.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด 4,000๊ฐœ์˜ ์ข‹์•„์š”๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
00:45
This video went viral and infected the net.
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์ด ์˜์ƒ์€ ๊ธˆ์„ธ ํผ์ ธ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์„ ๋’ค๋ฎ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:49
Hans Block: And that was the moment we asked ourselves
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ํ•œ์Šค ๋ธ”๋ก(HB): ๊ทธ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์˜๋ฌธ์ด ์ƒ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:52
how could something like this get on Facebook?
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"์ด๋Ÿฐ ์˜์ƒ์ด ํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ถ์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์˜ฌ๋ผ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์„๊นŒ?"
00:55
And at the same time, why don't we see such content more often?
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๋˜ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋“  ์ƒ๊ฐ์€ ์™œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์˜์ƒ์„๋” ์ž์ฃผ ๋ณด์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์„๊นŒ์˜€์ฃ .
01:00
After all, there's a lot of revolting material online,
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด, ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ถˆ์พŒํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
01:03
but why do we so rarely see such crap on Facebook, Twitter or Google?
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ํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ถ, ํŠธ์œ„ํ„ฐ, ๊ตฌ๊ธ€์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์˜์ƒ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:08
MR: While image-recognition software
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MR: ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ์ธ์‹ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด
01:11
can identify the outlines of sexual organs,
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์„ฑ๊ธฐ, ํ˜ˆ์•ก, ๋‚˜์ฒด ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ
01:15
blood or naked skin in images and videos,
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ํŒŒ์•…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
01:20
it has immense difficulties to distinguish pornographic content
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ํœด๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด๋‚˜ ์•„๋„๋‹ˆ์Šค์˜ ๋™์ƒ ์‚ฌ์ง„,
01:26
from holiday pictures, Adonis statues
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ํ˜น์€ ์œ ๋ฐฉ์•” ๊ฒ€์ง„ ์บ ํŽ˜์ธ ๊ด€๋ จ ์‚ฌ์ง„์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
01:30
or breast-cancer screening campaigns.
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์Œ๋ž€๋ฌผ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:33
It can't distinguish Romeo and Juliet dying onstage
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๋˜ ๋กœ๋งˆ์˜ค์™€ ์ค„๋ฆฌ์—ฃ์ด ์—ฐ๊ทน ์ค‘ ์ฃฝ๋Š” ์žฅ๋ฉด๊ณผ
01:37
from a real knife attack.
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์‹ค์ œ ์‚ด์ธ ์žฅ๋ฉด๋„ ์ž˜ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
It can't distinguish satire from propaganda
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ํ’์ž์™€ ์ •์น˜์„ ์ „๋„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ณ ,
01:45
or irony from hatred, and so on and so forth.
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์•„์ด๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ์™€ ํ˜์˜ค๋„ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:50
Therefore, humans are needed to decide
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ง์ ‘
01:54
which of the suspicious content should be deleted,
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์–ด๋–ค ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์‚ญ์ œํ•˜๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ค ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€
01:58
and which should remain.
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๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:00
Humans whom we know almost nothing about,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋น„๋ฐ€๋ฆฌ์— ์ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
02:03
because they work in secret.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ญ˜ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ฃ .
02:06
They sign nondisclosure agreements,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋น„๋ฐ€ ๊ณ„์•ฝ์„ ๋งบ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
02:07
which prohibit them from talking and sharing
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์Šคํฌ๋ฆฐ์—์„œ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋ณด์•˜๊ณ  ์ผ์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น˜๋Š”์ง€
02:10
what they see on their screens and what this work does to them.
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๋งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ณต์œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:14
They are forced to use code words in order to hide who they work for.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ผํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ˆจ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์•”ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
They are monitored by private security firms
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ธฐ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
02:22
in order to ensure that they don't talk to journalists.
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์‚ฌ์„ค ๊ฒฝ๋น„ ๋‹จ์ฒด์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์‹œ๋‹นํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:26
And they are threatened by fines in case they speak.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฒŒ๊ธˆ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜‘๋ฐ•๋‹นํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ž…๋ง‰์Œ ๋‹นํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
All of this sounds like a weird crime story,
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด์ƒํ•œ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ™์ง€๋งŒ,
02:34
but it's true.
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๋ชจ๋‘ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:35
These people exist,
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์‹ค์กดํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
02:37
and they are called content moderators.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ปจํ…์ธ  ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„ ์•„๋ž˜ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
HB: We are the directors of the feature documentary film "The Cleaners,"
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HB: ์ €ํฌ๋Š” "ํด๋ฆฌ๋„ˆ"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹คํ๋ฉ˜ํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฐ๋…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:46
and we would like to take you
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฏธ์ง€์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋กœ
02:48
to a world that many of you may not know yet.
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๋ชจ์…”๋‹ค ๋“œ๋ฆด๊นŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:51
Here's a short clip of our film.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ €ํฌ ์˜์ƒ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:58
(Music)
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(์Œ์•…)
03:04
(Video) Moderator: I need to be anonymous, because we have a contract signed.
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(์˜์ƒ) ์ปจํ…์ธ  ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž: ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งบ์€ ๊ณ„์•ฝ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ €๋Š” ์ต๋ช…์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
We are not allowed to declare whom we are working with.
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์™€ ์ผํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:14
The reason why I speak to you
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š”
03:16
is because the world should know that we are here.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์„ธ์ƒ์ด ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:22
There is somebody who is checking the social media.
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์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:26
We are doing our best to make this platform
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ์ด ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์ด ์•ˆ์ „ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก
03:29
safe for all of them.
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์ตœ์„ ์„ ๋‹คํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
Delete.
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์‚ญ์ œ.
03:44
Ignore.
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๋ฌด์‹œ.
03:45
Delete.
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์‚ญ์ œ.
03:47
Ignore.
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๋ฌด์‹œ.
03:48
Delete.
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์‚ญ์ œ.
03:50
Ignore.
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๋ฌด์‹œ.
03:51
Ignore.
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๋ฌด์‹œ.
03:53
Delete.
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์‚ญ์ œ.
03:58
HB: The so-called content moderators
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HB: ์ด ์ปจํ…์ธ  ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๋“ค์€
04:00
don't get their paychecks from Facebook, Twitter or Google themselves,
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ํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ถ, ํŠธ์œ„ํ„ฐ, ๊ตฌ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ง์ ‘ ์ž„๊ธˆ์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ,
04:04
but from outsourcing firms around the world
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๋‚ฎ์€ ์ž„๊ธˆ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์œ„ํƒ ๊ธฐ์—…์—๊ฒŒ์„œ
04:06
in order to keep the wages low.
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์ž„๊ธˆ์„ ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:08
Tens of thousands of young people
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์ˆ˜๋งŒ๋ช…์˜ ์ Š์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
04:10
looking at everything we are not supposed to see.
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๋ณด์ง€ ๋ง์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
04:14
And we are talking about decapitations, mutilations,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ฐธ์ˆ˜, ์‹ ์ฒด ์ ˆ๋‹จ,
04:17
executions, necrophilia, torture, child abuse.
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์ฒ˜ํ˜•, ์‹œ์ฒด์„ฑ์• ์ฆ, ๊ณ ๋ฌธ, ์•„๋™ ํ•™๋Œ€ ๋“ฑ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:21
Thousands of images in one shift --
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์ฒœ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ 1๊ต๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:24
ignore, delete, day and night.
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๋ฐค๋‚ฎ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‚ญ์ œํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
04:27
And much of this work is done in Manila,
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์ผ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๋งˆ๋‹๋ผ์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:30
where the analog toxic waste from the Western world
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๋ช‡ ๋…„๊ฐ„, ์„œ์–‘์—์„œ ์˜จ ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ ๋ฐฐ๋“ค์ด
04:34
was transported for years by container ships,
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ์•„๋‚ ๋กœ๊ทธ ๋…์„ฑ ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์„ ์šด๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๊ณค ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:36
now the digital waste is dumped there via fiber-optic cable.
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ๊ด‘์„ฌ์œ  ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๋…์„ฑ ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์ด ๋ฒ„๋ ค์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋„ค์š”.
04:40
And just as the so-called scavengers
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์น˜ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋ถ€๋“ค์ด
04:43
rummage through gigantic tips on the edge of the city,
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๋„์‹œ์˜ ๊ณณ๊ณณ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ ๋”๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋’ค์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ,
04:47
the content moderators click their way through an endless toxic ocean
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์ปจํ…์ธ  ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ๋์—†๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€, ๋น„๋””์˜ค,
04:52
of images and videos and all manner of intellectual garbage,
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๋˜ ๊ทธ ์™ธ์˜ ์ •๋ณด์˜ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋„˜์‹ค๋Œ€๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:56
so that we don't have to look at it.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์ฃ .
04:58
MR: But unlike the wounds of the scavengers,
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MR: ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋ถ€๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ์ฒ˜์™€๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ,
05:02
those of the content moderators remain invisible.
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์ปจํ…์ธ  ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ์ฒ˜๋Š” ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:06
Full of shocking and disturbing content,
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๋ถˆํŽธํ•˜๊ณ  ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ฐฌ
05:09
these pictures and videos burrow into their memories
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์ด ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋“ค๊ณผ ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ธฐ์–ต์— ๊ฐ์ธ๋˜์–ด,
05:12
where, at any time, they can have unpredictable effects:
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์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚ณ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:15
eating disorders, loss of libido,
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์‹์ด์žฅ์• , ์„ฑ์š• ๊ฐํ‡ด,
05:19
anxiety disorders, alcoholism,
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๋ถˆ์•ˆ์žฅ์• , ์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ ์ค‘๋…,
05:22
depression, which can even lead to suicide.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž์‚ด๋กœ ์ด์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
05:26
The pictures and videos infect them,
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„๋“ค๊ณผ ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ์—ผ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ ,
05:28
and often never let them go again.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ํ‰์ƒ ๋†“์•„์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š์ฃ .
05:30
If they are unlucky, they develop post-traumatic stress disorders,
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์šด์ด ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ „์Ÿ ํ›„์˜ ๊ตฐ์ธ๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
05:35
like soldiers after war missions.
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์™ธ์ƒ ํ›„ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ์žฅ์• ๋ฅผ ๊ฒช๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:39
In our film, we tell the story of a young man
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์ €ํฌ์˜ ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์žํ•ด ๋ฐ ์ž์‚ด ์˜์ƒ์„
05:43
who had to monitor livestreams of self-mutilations and suicide attempts,
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๊ณ„์† ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ Š์€ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
05:48
again and again,
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๋“ค๋ ค ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:50
and who eventually committed suicide himself.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ž์‚ด์„ ํƒํ–ˆ์ฃ .
05:53
It's not an isolated case, as we've been told.
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์ด๋Š” ํŠน์ดํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:57
This is the price all of us pay
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์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  "๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ"
06:01
for our so-called clean and safe and "healthy"
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์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
06:06
environments on social media.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์น˜๋ฅด๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ฐ€์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:10
Never before in the history of mankind
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์ธ๋ฅ˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ๊ทธ ์–ด๋–ค ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค
06:13
has it been easier to reach millions of people around the globe
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๋ช‡ ์ดˆ ์•ˆ์— ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ
06:16
in a few seconds.
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์—ฐ๋ฝํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šด ์„ธ๋Œ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:18
What is posted on social media spreads so quickly,
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์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด์— ์˜ฌ๋ ค์ง„ ๊ธ€์€ ์•„์ฃผ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํผ๋œจ๋ ค์ง€๋ฉฐ,
06:22
becomes viral and excites the minds of people all around the globe.
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๊ธˆ์„ธ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์„ ๋’ค๋ฎ๊ณ  ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ํฅ๋ถ„์‹œํ‚ค์ฃ .
06:26
Before it is deleted,
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์‚ญ์ œ๋  ๋•Œ ์ฏค์ด๋ฉด,
06:28
it is often already too late.
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์ด๋ฏธ ๋Šฆ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:30
Millions of people have already been infected
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๋ช‡๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ฏธ
06:33
with hatred and anger,
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ํ˜์˜ค์™€ ๋ถ„๋…ธ์— ์‚ฌ๋กœ์žกํ˜€ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
06:35
and they either become active online,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์ƒ์—์„œ
06:37
by spreading or amplifying hatred,
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ํ˜์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋”์šฑ ์ฆํญ์‹œํ‚ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
06:41
or they take to the streets and take up arms.
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๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์žฅ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:45
HB: Therefore, an army of content moderators
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HB: ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ์ปจํ…์ธ  ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๋“ค์ด
06:47
sit in front of a screen to avoid new collateral damage.
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๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ ์•ž์— ์•‰์•„ ๋ถ€์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ง‰์•„์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:52
And they are deciding, as soon as possible,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์•ˆ์—
06:54
whether the content stays on the platform -- ignore;
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์–ด๋–ค ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ๊ฐ€ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ๋Ÿฌ๋„ ๋˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋ฌด์‹œํ• ์ง€,
06:58
or disappears -- delete.
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ํ˜น์€ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ ธ์•ผ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ญ์ œํ• ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:01
But not every decision is as clear
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒฐ์ •์ด
07:04
as the decision about a child-abuse video.
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์•„๋™ํญ๋ ฅ ๋น„๋””์˜ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์‰ฝ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:07
What about controversial content, ambivalent content,
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์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ถŒ ๋‹จ์ฒด ํ˜น์€ ์‹œ๋ฏผ ๊ธฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ์—…๋กœ๋“œํ•œ
07:10
uploaded by civil rights activists or citizen journalists?
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๋…ผ๋ž€์ด ๋งŽ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์• ๋งคํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
07:14
The content moderators often decide on such cases
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์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ  ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋„
07:17
at the same speed as the [clear] cases.
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์‰ฌ์šด ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆด ๋•Œ์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์†๋„๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ ค์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:21
MR: We will show you a video now,
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MR: ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆด ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:24
and we would like to ask you to decide:
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌป๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋„ค์š”.
07:27
Would you delete it,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์ด ์˜์ƒ์„ ์‚ญ์ œํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”?
07:29
or would you not delete it?
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์‚ญ์ œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ์‹ค ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”?
07:31
(Video) (Air strike sounds)
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(๋น„๋””์˜ค) (๊ณต์Šต ์†Œ๋ฆฌ)
07:33
(Explosion)
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(ํญ๋ฐœ)
07:40
(People speaking in Arabic)
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(์•„๋ž์–ด๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค)
07:46
MR: Yeah, we did some blurring for you.
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MR: ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ธ”๋Ÿฌ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:49
A child would potentially be dangerously disturbed
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์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ์ด ์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ดค๋‹ค๋ฉด ์•„์ฃผ ๋ฌด์„œ์›Œํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
07:52
and extremely frightened by such content.
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๋ถˆ์•ˆ ์ฆ์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:55
So, you rather delete it?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ด ์˜์ƒ์„ ์‚ญ์ œํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”?
07:59
But what if this video could help investigate the war crimes in Syria?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๋น„๋””์˜ค๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์•„์˜ ์ „์Ÿ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ์ˆ˜์‚ฌ์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”?
08:04
What if nobody would have heard about this air strike,
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ํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ถ, ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ, ํŠธ์œ„ํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์˜์ƒ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•ด์„œ
08:07
because Facebook, YouTube, Twitter would have decided to take it down?
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์ด ๊ณต์Šต์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ž๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
08:12
Airwars, a nongovernmental organization based in London,
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๋Ÿฐ๋˜์— ์žˆ๋Š” NGO์ธ Airwars๋Š”
08:17
tries to find those videos as quickly as possible
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋“ค์ด ์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด์— ์—…๋กœ๋“œ ๋  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค
08:20
whenever they are uploaded to social media,
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์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด์— ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:22
in order to archive them.
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์•„์นด์ด๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ํ•ด ๋‘๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์ฃ .
08:24
Because they know, sooner or later,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ถ, ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ, ํŠธ์œ„ํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ปจํ…์ธ ๋ฅผ
08:27
Facebook, YouTube, Twitter would take such content down.
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์‚ญ์ œํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
08:31
People armed with their mobile phones
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ํœด๋Œ€์ „ํ™”๋กœ ๋ฌด์žฅํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
08:33
can make visible what journalists often do not have access to.
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๊ธฐ์ž๋“ค์ด ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:37
Civil rights groups often do not have any better option
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์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ถŒ ๋‹จ์ฒด๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์˜์ƒ์„
08:40
to quickly make their recordings accessible to a large audience
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด์— ์—…๋กœ๋“œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ณด๋‹ค
08:44
than by uploading them to social media.
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๋” ๋น ๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:47
Wasn't this the empowering potential the World Wide Web should have?
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์›”๋“œ ์™€์ด๋“œ ์›น์ด ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ์žฅ์  ์•„๋‹Œ๊ฐ€์š”?
08:52
Weren't these the dreams
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์ด๋Š” ์›”๋“œ ์™€์ด๋“œ ์›น์˜ ์ดˆ์ฐฝ๊ธฐ์—
08:54
people in its early stages had about the World Wide Web?
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ’ˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฟˆ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
08:59
Can't pictures and videos like these
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ์ง„๊ณผ ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด
09:02
persuade people who have become insensitive to facts
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๋ฌด๊ฐ๊ฐํ•ด์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์ผ๊นจ์›Œ ์ค„ ์ˆœ ์—†์„๊นŒ์š”?
09:07
to rethink?
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09:09
HB: But instead, everything that might be disturbing is deleted.
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HB: ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถˆํŽธ์˜ ์†Œ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค ์‚ญ์ œ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:13
And there's a general shift in society.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๋ณ€๋™๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
09:15
Media, for example, more and more often use trigger warnings
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ ์›Œ๋‹์„
09:19
at the top of articles
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ถˆํŽธํ•ด ํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋งจ ์œ„์— ํ‘œ์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:21
which some people may perceive as offensive or troubling.
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09:24
Or more and more students at universities in the United States
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๋˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ ์  ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋“ค์ด
09:28
demand the banishment of antique classics
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์„ฑ์ ์ธ ํญ๋ ฅ์ด ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณ ์ „ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ต์œก์„
09:31
which depict sexual violence or assault from the curriculum.
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์ปค๋ฆฌํ˜๋Ÿผ์—์„œ ์—†์• ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:34
But how far should we go with that?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์ง€์†ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
09:37
Physical integrity is guaranteed as a human right
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์‹ ์ฒด์˜ ์กด์—„์„ฑ์€ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ํ—Œ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
09:41
in constitutions worldwide.
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์ธ๊ถŒ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ณด์žฅ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
09:43
In the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union,
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์—ฐํ•ฉ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๊ถŒ ํ—Œ์žฅ์—์„œ,
09:47
this right expressly applies to mental integrity.
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์ด ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ •์‹ ์ ์ธ ์กด์—„์„ฑ์˜ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋กœ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ™•์žฅ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:51
But even if the potentially traumatic effect
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์™€ ๋น„๋””์˜ค์— ์˜ํ•œ ํŠธ๋ผ์šฐ๋งˆ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด
09:54
of images and videos is hard to predict,
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์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ค๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด๋„,
09:56
do we want to become so cautious
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•ด์ง„ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€
09:58
that we risk losing social awareness of injustice?
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์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ถˆ์˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์„ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•ด๋„ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”?
10:03
So what to do?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
10:04
Mark Zuckerberg recently stated that in the future,
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์ตœ๊ทผ ๋งˆํฌ ์ €์ปค๋ฒ„๊ทธ๋Š” ๋งํ•˜๊ธธ
10:07
the users, we, or almost everybody,
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์—๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ์œ ์ €๋“ค์ด
10:11
will decide individually
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๊ฐ๊ฐ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์  ํ•„ํ„ฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ค์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
10:14
what they would like to see on the platform,
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ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์—์„œ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€์ง€
10:16
by personal filter settings.
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๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:18
So everyone could easily claim to remain undisturbed
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ „์Ÿ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ 
10:21
by images of war or other violent conflicts, like ...
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ํ‰ํ™”๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์ง€๋‚ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์…ˆ์ด์ฃ .
10:25
MR: I'm the type of guy who doesn't mind seeing breasts
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MR: ์ €๋Š” ๊ฐ€์Šด ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ฐœ์˜์น˜ ์•Š๊ณ 
10:30
and I'm very interested in global warming,
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์ง€๊ตฌ์˜จ๋‚œํ™” ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ๋งŽ์€ ํƒ€์ž…์˜ ๋‚จ์ž์ด์ง€๋งŒ,
10:34
but I don't like war so much.
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์ „์Ÿ์€ ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
10:37
HB: Yeah, I'm more the opposite,
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HB: ์•„, ์ €๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋„ค์š”.
10:38
I have zero interest in naked breasts or naked bodies at all.
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฒ—์€ ๊ฐ€์Šด์ด๋‚˜ ๋‚˜์ฒด ์ž์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋‹ค ์‹ซ์–ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:43
But why not guns? I like guns, yes.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์€์š”? ์ €๋Š” ์ด ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”?
10:46
MR: Come on, if we don't share a similar social consciousness,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ธ์‹์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด,
10:50
how shall we discuss social problems?
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์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ† ์˜๋Š” ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‚˜์š”?
10:53
How shall we call people to action?
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
10:55
Even more isolated bubbles would emerge.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ์ž๋งŒ์˜ ์™ธ๋”ด ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ๋Ÿฌ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:59
One of the central questions is: "How, in the future,
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋ฏธ๋ž˜์—๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ
11:02
freedom of expression will be weighed against the people's need for protection."
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ํ‘œํ˜„์˜ ์ž์œ ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์™€ ์ถฉ๋Œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ?"
11:08
It's a matter of principle.
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์ด๋Š” ์›์น™์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:10
Do we want to design an either open or closed society
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๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์—ด๋ฆฐ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋กœ ๋””์ž์ธํ• ๊นŒ์š”,
11:14
for the digital space?
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๋‹ซํžŒ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋กœ ๋””์ž์ธํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
11:17
At the heart of the matter is "freedom versus security."
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๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์€ "์ž์œ  ๋Œ€ ์•ˆ์ „"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:24
Facebook has always wanted to be a "healthy" platform.
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ํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ถ์€ ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ "๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ" ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:28
Above all, users should feel safe and secure.
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์œ ์ €๋“ค์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ์•ˆ์ „๊ฐ์„ ๋Š๊ปด์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
11:32
It's the same choice of words
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ์—์„œ
11:34
the content moderators in the Philippines used
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ํ•„๋ฆฌํ•€ ์ถœ์‹ ์˜ ์ปจํ…์ธ  ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๊ฐ€
11:37
in a lot of our interviews.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:40
(Video) The world that we are living in right now,
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(๋น„๋””์˜ค) ์ง€๊ธˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Š”,
11:42
I believe, is not really healthy.
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š”, ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:44
(Music)
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(์Œ์•…)
11:46
In this world, there is really an evil who exists.
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์ด ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ, ์•…์€ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์‹ค์กดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:49
(Music)
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(์Œ์•…)
11:52
We need to watch for it.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ์•…์„ ๊ฐ์‹œํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
11:54
(Music)
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(์Œ์•…)
11:56
We need to control it -- good or bad.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ข‹๋˜ ๋‚˜์˜๋˜ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ œ์–ดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:00
(Music)
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(์Œ์•…)
12:10
[Look up, Young man! --God]
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[์ Š์€์ด์—ฌ, ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์•„๋ผ!--์‹ ]
12:14
MR: For the young content moderators in the strictly Catholic Philippines,
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์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ์นดํ†จ๋ฆญ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ธ ํ•„๋ฆฌํ•€์˜ ์ Š์€ ์ปจํ…์ธ  ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ,
12:19
this is linked to a Christian mission.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์นดํ†จ๋ฆญ ์‹ ์ž๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๋ฏธ์…˜์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:22
To counter the sins of the world
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์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์ „์—ญ์— ์žˆ๋Š”
12:25
which spread across the web.
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์•…์„ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
12:28
"Cleanliness is next to godliness,"
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"์ฒญ๊ฒฐํ•จ์€ ๊ฒฝ๊ฑดํ•จ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋•์ด๋‹ค."
12:32
is a saying everybody in the Philippines knows.
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๋ชจ๋“  ํ•„๋ฆฌํ•€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒฉ์–ธ์ด์ฃ .
12:36
HB: And others motivate themselves
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HB: ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด๋“ค์€
12:37
by comparing themselves with their president, Rodrigo Duterte.
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์ž์‹ ์„ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ธ ๋กœ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‘ํ…Œ๋ฅดํ…Œ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋™๊ธฐ์˜์‹์„ ์–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:41
He has been ruling the Philippines since 2016,
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๊ทธ๋Š” 2016๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ•„๋ฆฌํ•€์„ ํ†ต์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:45
and he won the election with the promise: "I will clean up."
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๊ทธ๋Š” "์ €๋Š” ์ฒญ์†Œํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๋Š” ์•ฝ์†์„ ๋‚ด๊ฑธ๊ณ  ์„ ๊ฑฐ์—์„œ ์Šน๋ฆฌํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:49
And what that means is eliminating all kinds of problems
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋œปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์ž๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
12:53
by literally killing people on the streets
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๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ฃฝ์—ฌ์„œ
12:55
who are supposed to be criminals, whatever that means.
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:58
And since he was elected,
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์„ ๋œ ์ดํ›„๋กœ,
12:59
an estimated 20,000 people have been killed.
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์•ฝ 20,000๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ฃฝ์Œ์„ ๋งž์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:03
And one moderator in our film says,
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์ €ํฌ ์˜์ƒ์— ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ,
13:06
"What Duterte does on the streets,
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"๋‘ํ…Œ๋ฅดํ…Œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„,
13:08
I do for the internet."
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์ €๋Š” ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
13:10
And here they are, our self-proclaimed superheroes,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž์นญ ์Šˆํผ ํžˆ์–ด๋กœ์ธ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€
13:14
who enforce law and order in our digital world.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ทœ์น™์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์Šค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:17
They clean up, they polish everything clean,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋—ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ ,
13:19
they free us from everything evil.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์•…์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:22
Tasks formerly reserved to state authorities
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์›๋ž˜ ๊ฐ ์ž์น˜ ๋‹น๊ตญ์ด ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ผ์„
13:26
have been taken over by college graduates in their early 20s,
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ํ˜„์žฌ๋Š” 20๋Œ€ ์ดˆ๋ฐ˜์˜ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์กธ์—…์ž๋“ค์ด ๋Œ€์‹ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:29
equipped with three- to five-day training --
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์ž๊ฒฉ ์š”๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ 3~5์ผ ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰์˜
13:32
this is the qualification --
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์งง์€ ํŠธ๋ ˆ์ด๋‹์„ ๊ฑฐ์นœ ํ›„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
13:34
who work on nothing less than the world's rescue.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ๊ตฌ์›์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:38
MR: National sovereignties have been outsourced to private companies,
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MR: ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ฃผ๊ถŒ์€ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ์—…์— ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์œ„ํƒ์„ ๋‹นํ•œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:42
and they pass on their responsibilities to third parties.
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์ œ3์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
13:47
It's an outsourcing of the outsourcing of the outsourcing,
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์™ธ๋ถ€ ์œ„ํƒ์˜ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์œ„ํƒ์˜ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์œ„ํƒ์ด
13:50
which takes place.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
13:51
With social networks,
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์†Œ์…œ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด
13:53
we are dealing with a completely new infrastructure,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž๊ธฐ๋งŒ์˜ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์‹œ์„ค์„
13:56
with its own mechanisms,
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๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:57
its own logic of action
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์ด ์‹œ์„ค์—๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด์˜ ๊ทœ์œจ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ
13:59
and therefore, also, its own new dangers,
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๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜๋„ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ฃ .
14:04
which had not yet existed in the predigitalized public sphere.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์‹œ๋Œ€ ์ด์ „์—๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ ๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
14:08
HB: When Mark Zuckerberg was at the US Congress
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HB: ๋งˆํฌ ์ €์ปค๋ฒ„๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜ํšŒ๋‚˜
14:10
or at the European Parliament,
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์—ฐํ•ฉ์— ๊ฐ”์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
14:12
he was confronted with all kinds of critics.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋น„ํ‰๊ฐ€๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:15
And his reaction was always the same:
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๊ทธ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์€ ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ๋™์ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:18
"We will fix that,
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"์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ• ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:19
and I will follow up on that with my team."
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €ํฌ ํŒ€ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
14:23
But such a debate shouldn't be held in back rooms of Facebook,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ† ๋ก ๋“ค์€ ํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ถ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ตœ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ํ† ๋ก ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:26
Twitter or Google --
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ํŠธ์œ„ํ„ฐ๋‚˜ ๊ตฌ๊ธ€์—์„œ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ฃ .
14:28
such a debate should be openly discussed in new, cosmopolitan parliaments,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ† ๋ก ์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์‹ ์ƒ ์˜ํšŒ์—์„œ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋…ผ์˜๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:33
in new institutions that reflect the diversity of people
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฐœ์—…๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋‚  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
14:38
contributing to a utopian project of a global network.
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๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ผ๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์— ๋ชธ์„ ๋‹ด์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:42
And while it may seem impossible to consider the values
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
14:45
of users worldwide,
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๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด ๋ณด์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
14:48
it's worth believing
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด์ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์ด ๋” ๋งŽ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ฏฟ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:49
that there's more that connects us than separates us.
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14:53
MR: Yeah, at a time when populism is gaining strength,
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MR: ํฌํ“ฐ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์ด ํž˜์„ ์–ป๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ธฐ์—๋Š”
14:57
it becomes popular to justify the symptoms,
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์ฆ์ƒ์„ ์ •๋‹นํ™”ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์›€์ง์ž„์ด ํฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:00
to eradicate them,
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ์—†์• ๊ณ ,
15:01
to make them invisible.
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ํˆฌ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
15:04
This ideology is spreading worldwide,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์€ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณณ์— ํผ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:08
analog as well as digital,
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๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์•„๋‚ ๋กœ๊ทธ์—์„œ๋„์š”.
15:11
and it's our duty to stop it
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋” ๋Šฆ๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ง‰์•„์•ผํ•  ์˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:15
before it's too late.
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15:17
The question of freedom and democracy
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์ž์œ ์™€ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—๋Š”
15:21
must not only have these two options.
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ต์…˜ ์ด์™ธ์—๋„ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์˜ต์…˜์ด ์กด์žฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:25
HB: Delete.
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HB: ์‚ญ์ œ.
15:26
MR: Or ignore.
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MR: ๋ฌด์‹œ.
15:29
HB: Thank you very much.
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HB: ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ณ ๋ง™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:30
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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