How we're honoring people overlooked by history | Amy Padnani

44,932 views ・ 2019-08-20

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Translator: Ivana Korom Reviewer: Krystian Aparta
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My name is Amy Padnani,
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and I'm an editor on the obituaries desk at the "New York Times."
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Or, as some friends call me, the angel of death.
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(Laughter)
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In fact, people will ask me,
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"Isn't it depressing, working on obituaries
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and thinking about death all the time?"
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But you know what I tell them?
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Obits aren't about death, they're about life,
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they're interesting, they're relatable.
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Often about something you never knew.
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Recently, for example,
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we had the obit for the inventor of the sock puppet.
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(Laughter)
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Everyone knows what a sock puppet is,
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but have you ever thought about who created it,
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or what their life was like?
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Obits are a signature form of journalism.
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An art form, if you will.
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It's an opportunity for a writer to weave the tale of a person's life
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into a beautiful narrative.
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Since 1851,
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the "New York Times" has published thousands of obituaries.
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For heads of state, famous celebrities,
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even the person who came up with the name on the Slinky.
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There's just one problem.
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Only a small percentage of them
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chronicle the lives of women and people of color.
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That's the impetus behind a project I created
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called "Overlooked,"
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which tells the stories of marginalized groups of people
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who never got an obit.
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It's a chance for the newspaper to revisit its 168-year existence
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and fill in the gaps
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for people who were, for whatever reason, left out.
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It's a chance to right the wrongs of the past,
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and to refocus society's lens on who is considered important.
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I came up with the idea when I first joined Obituaries in 2017.
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The Black Lives Matter movement was at a rolling boil,
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and the conversation on gender inequality had just started bubbling up again.
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And at the same time, I wondered, as a journalist and as a woman of color,
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what could I do to help advance this conversation.
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People were coming out of the shadows
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to tell stories of injustices that they had faced,
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and I could feel their pain.
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So I noticed we would get these emails, sometimes, from readers,
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saying, "Hey, why don't you have more women and people of color
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in your obituaries?"
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And I thought, "Yeah, why don't we?"
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Since I was new to the team, I asked my colleagues,
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and they said, "Well, the people who are dying today
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are from a generation when women and people of color
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weren't invited to the table to make a difference.
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Perhaps in a generation or two,
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we'll start to see more women and people of color in our obituaries."
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That answer just wasn't satisfying at all.
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(Laughter)
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I wanted to know: Where are all the dead women?
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(Laughter)
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So I started thinking about how we hear about people who have died, right?
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Number one way is through reader submissions.
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And so I thought,
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"Well, what if we were to look at international newspapers
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or scour social media?"
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It was around this time when ...
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Everything was swirling in my mind,
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and I came across a website about Mary Outerbridge.
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She was credited with introducing tennis to America in 1874.
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And I thought, wow, one of the biggest sports in America
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was introduced by a woman?
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Does anyone even know that?
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And did she get a New York Times obituary?
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Spoiler alert -- she did not.
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(Laughter)
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So then I wondered who else we missed.
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And it sent me on this deep dive through the archives.
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There were some surprises.
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The pioneering journalist Ida B. Wells,
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who started the campaign against lynching.
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The brilliant poet Sylvia Plath.
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Ada Lovelace, a mathematician
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now recognized as the first computer programmer.
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So I went back to my team and I said,
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"What if we were to tell their stories now?"
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It took a while to get buy-in.
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There was this concern that, you know,
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the newspaper might look bad
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because it didn't get it right the first time.
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It was also a little weird to sort of look back at the past,
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rather than cover news stories of our day.
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But I said, "Guys, I really think this is worthwhile."
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And once my team saw the value in it,
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they were all in.
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And so, with the help of a dozen writers and editors,
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we launched on March 8, 2018,
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with the stories of 15 remarkable women.
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And while I knew that the work my team was doing was powerful,
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I didn't expect the response to be equally powerful.
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I had hundreds of emails.
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They were from people who said,
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"Thank you for finally giving these women a voice."
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They were from readers who said,
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"I cried on my way to work, reading these stories,
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because I felt seen for the first time."
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And they were from colleagues of mine, who said,
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"I never thought a woman of color
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would be allowed to achieve something like this
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at the 'New York Times.'"
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I also got about 4,000 reader submissions
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suggesting who else we might have overlooked.
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And some of those are my favorite stories in the project.
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My all-time favorite is Grandma Gatewood.
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(Laughter)
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She survived 30 years of domestic violence at the hands of her husband.
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One day, he beat her so badly, beyond recognition,
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he even broke a broomstick over her head,
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and she threw flour in his face in response.
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But when the police arrived, they arrested her, not him.
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The mayor saw her in jail and took her into his own home
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until she could get back on her feet.
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Then, one day, she read this article in "National Geographic"
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about how no woman had ever hiked
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the Appalachian Trail in its entirety alone.
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And she said, "You know what? I'm going to do it."
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Reporters caught wind of the old grandma who is hiking through the woods.
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And at the finish, they asked her,
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"How did you survive so rough a place?"
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But they had no idea what she had survived before that.
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So, "Overlooked" has become wildly successful.
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It's becoming a TV show now, on Netflix.
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(Laughter)
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(Applause)
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I cannot wait to see this thing come to life.
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Something like 25 different publishers have reached out to me
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with interest in turning "Overlooked" into a book.
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All of this clearly shows how timely and necessary this project is.
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It's also a reminder of how newspapers
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document what's happening in our world every single day,
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and we have to make sure not to leave out key people.
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That's why, even though it's been so meaningful to look back in the past,
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I'm plagued with the lingering question:
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"What about the future of obituaries --
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how do I diversify those?"
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That was my original problem, right?
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So to start answering this question, I wanted to gather some information.
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I went down to the sub-sub-basement level of the New York Times Building,
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to the archives.
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We call it the morgue.
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(Laughter)
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And I asked for some guidance from our archivist there.
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He pointed me to a book called "New York Times Obituaries Index."
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So we handed it to the New York Genealogical Society,
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and they digitized it for us.
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And then a programmer wrote up a program that scanned all those headlines
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for "Mr.," Mrs.," "Lady," "Sir," all the sort of gender-defining terms.
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And what we found was that from 1851 to 2017,
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only about 15 to 20 percent of our obits were on women.
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So next, I worked with a programmer to build this tool,
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called the diversity analysis tool.
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It's a very dry name, but bear with me, it's super helpful.
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It breaks down the percentage of our obits month to month, women to men.
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OK, if that doesn't sound like much to you,
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this is how I used to calculate it before.
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(Laughter)
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So I asked this programmer to program in a goal,
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and that goal was 30 percent.
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From the year of "Overlooked's" launch, March of 2018,
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to March of 2019,
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I was hoping we could get to 30 percent of our obits on women.
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It was a number we hadn't achieved in a 168 years,
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and I'm happy to say we did it -- we got to 31 percent.
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(Applause)
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It's awesome, but it's not enough.
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Next we're hoping to get to 35 percent,
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and then 40 percent, until we achieve parity.
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And then I'm hoping to partner with this programmer again,
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to build a similar tool to measure people of color in our obits.
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That was something I wanted to do with "Overlooked" too,
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to include men of color,
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and I finally got to do it with a special section
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for Black History Month,
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where we told the stories of about a dozen black men and women.
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Again, it was a really powerful experience.
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Many of these people had been slaves
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or were a generation removed from slavery.
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A lot of them had to make up stories about their past
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just to get ahead in life.
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And there were these patterns of their struggles
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that came up again and again.
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Elizabeth Jennings, for instance,
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had to fight for her right to ride
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on segregated street cars in New York City --
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a hundred years before Rosa Parks did the exact same thing with buses.
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It was just a reminder of how far we've come,
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and how much more we still have left to do.
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"Overlooked" is including other marginalized people as well.
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Recently, we had the obit for the computer programmer Alan Turing.
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Believe it or not, this brilliant man never got an obituary,
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even though his work
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decoding German messages during World War II
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helps end the war.
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Instead, he died a criminal for his sexual orientation,
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and he was forced to endure chemical castration.
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Great things, like this obits project, do not come easily.
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There were a lot of fits and starts
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as I worked hard to convince people it was worth getting it off the ground.
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There were moments when I faced great self-doubt.
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I wondered if I was crazy or if I was all alone,
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and if I should just give up.
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When I've seen the reaction to this project,
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I know I'm not at all alone.
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There's so many people who feel the way I do.
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And so yeah, not many people think about obituaries.
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But when you do, you realize they're a testament to a human life.
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They're the last chance to talk about somebody's contribution on the world.
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They were also an example of who society deemed important.
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A hundred years from now,
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somebody could be looking into the past to see what our time was like.
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I'm lucky, as a journalist,
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to have been able to have used this form of storytelling
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to help shift a narrative.
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I was also able to get an established institution
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to question its own status quo.
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Little by little, I'm hoping I can keep doing this work,
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and continue refocusing society's lens
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so that nobody else gets overlooked.
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Thank you.
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(Applause)
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