Inés Hercovich: Why women stay silent after sexual assault (with English subtitles) | TED

80,241 views ・ 2017-11-28

TED


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

00:12
There are about 5,000 women here today.
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Among us, 1,250 have been or will be sexually assaulted
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at some point in our lives.
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One in four.
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Only 10 percent will report it.
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The other 90 percent take refuge in silence --
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half of them, because the incident involves a close family member
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or someone they know,
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and that makes it much more difficult to deal with and talk about.
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The other half don't talk about it
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because they fear they won’t be believed.
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And they're right -- because we don't.
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Today I want to share with you why I think we don't believe them.
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We don't believe them because when a woman tells what happened to her,
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she tells us things we can't imagine,
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things that disturb us,
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things we don't expect to hear,
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things that shock us.
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We expect to hear stories like this one:
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"Girl raped near the Mitre Railroad tracks.
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It happened at midnight as she was on her way home.
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She said that someone attacked her from behind,
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told her not to scream, said he had a gun and that she shouldn't move.
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He raped her and then fled the scene."
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When we hear or read a story like this,
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we immediately visualize it:
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the rapist, a depraved lower-class man.
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And the victim, a young, attractive woman.
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The image only lasts 10 or 20 seconds, and it's dark and two-dimensional;
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there's no movement, no sound; it's as if there were no people involved.
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But when a woman tells her story, it doesn't fit in 10 or 20 seconds.
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The following is the testimony of a woman I'll call "Ana."
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She's one of the 85 women I interviewed
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while conducting research on sexual assault.
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Ana told me:
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"I had gone with the girls in the office to the same pub we always go to.
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We met some guys,
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and I hooked up with this super cool guy; we talked a lot.
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Around 4am, I told my friends it was time to go.
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They wanted to stay.
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So, the guy asked me where I lived
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and said if it was OK with me, he'd drive me home.
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I agreed, and we left.
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At a stoplight, he told me he liked me and touched my leg.
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I don't like a guy to approach me that way,
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but he had been affectionate all night.
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I thought, 'I shouldn't be so paranoid.
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What if I say something but he didn't mean anything by it,
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and I offend him?'
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When he should have made a turn, he kept going straight.
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I thought he had made a mistake, and I said,
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'You should have turned there.'
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But something felt off.
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Thinking back, I wonder,
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'Why didn't I pay attention to what I was feeling?'
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When he pulled over near the highway,
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that's when I got scared.
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But he told me to relax, that he liked me,
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and that nothing would happen unless I wanted it to.
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He was nice.
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I didn't say anything,
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because I was afraid he would get angry,
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and that things would get worse.
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I thought he might have a gun in the glove compartment.
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Suddenly, he jumped on me and tried to kiss me.
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I said no. I wanted to push him away, but he was holding my arms down.
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When I wriggled free, I tried to open the door, but it was locked.
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And even if I had gotten out, where would I have gone?
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I told him he wasn't the kind of guy who needed to do that to be with a girl,
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and that I liked him, too, but not in that way.
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I tried to calm him down.
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I said nice things about him.
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I talked to him as if I were his older sister.
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Suddenly, he covered my mouth with one hand
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and with the other hand he unbuckled his belt.
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I thought right then he would kill me, strangle me, you know?
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I never felt so alone,
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like I had been kidnapped.
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I asked him to finish quickly and then take me home."
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How did you feel listening to this story?
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Surely, several questions arose.
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For example: Why didn't she roll down the window and call for help?
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Why didn't she get out of the car when she felt something bad might happen?
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How could she ask him to take her home?
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Now, when we hear this kind of story not on the news
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or from someone like me, presenting it on a stage like this --
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when we're hearing it from someone we know
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who chose to entrust us with the story of what happened to them,
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we'll have to listen.
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And we'll hear things we won't be able to understand --
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or accept.
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And then doubts, questions and suspicion will creep in.
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And that is going to make us feel really bad and guilty.
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So to protect ourselves from the discomfort, we have an option.
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We turn up the volume on all the parts of the story
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that we expected to hear:
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a gun in the glove compartment, the locked doors, the isolated location.
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And we turn down the volume on all the parts of the story
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that we didn't expect to hear
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and that we don't want to hear;
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like when she tells him that she liked him, too,
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or when she tells us she spoke to him as if she were his older sister,
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or that she asked him to take her home.
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Why do we do this?
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It's so we can believe her;
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so we can feel confident that she really was a victim.
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I call this "victimization of the victim."
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"Victimization," because in order to believe she's innocent,
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that she's a victim,
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we need to think of her as helpless, paralyzed, mute.
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But there's another way to avoid the discomfort.
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And it's exactly the opposite:
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we turn up the volume on the things we didn't expect to hear,
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such as "I spoke nicely to him," "I asked him to take me home,"
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"I asked him to finish quickly,"
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and we turn down the volume on the things we did expect to hear:
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the gun in the glove compartment,
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the isolation.
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Why do we do this?
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We do it so we can cling to the doubts
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and feel more comfortable about them.
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Then, new questions arise, for instance:
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Who told her go to those clubs?
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You saw how she and her friends were dressed, right?
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Those miniskirts, those necklines?
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What do you expect?
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Questions that aren't really questions, but rather, judgments --
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judgments that end in a verdict:
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she asked for it.
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That finding would be verified by the fact
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that she didn't mention having struggled to avoid being raped.
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So that means she didn't resist.
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It means she consented.
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If she asked for it and allowed it,
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how are we calling it rape?
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I call this "blaming the victim."
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These arguments that serve us both to blame and to victimize,
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we all have them in our heads, at hand --
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including victims and perpetrators.
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So much so, that when Ana came to me,
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she told me she didn't know
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if her testimony was going to be of any use,
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because she wasn't sure if what happened to her qualified as rape.
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Ana believed, like most of us,
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that rape is more like armed robbery --
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a violent act that lasts 4 or 5 minutes --
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and not smooth talking from a nice guy
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that lasts all night and ends in a kidnapping.
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When she felt afraid she might be killed,
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she was afraid to be left with scars,
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and she had to give her body to avoid it.
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That's when she knew that rape was something different.
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Ana had never talked about this with anyone.
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She could have turned to her family,
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but she didn't.
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She didn't because she was afraid.
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She was afraid the person she'd choose to tell her story to
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would have the same reaction as the rest of us:
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they'd have doubts, suspicions;
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those same questions we always have when it comes to things like this.
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And if that had happened,
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it would have been worse, perhaps, than the rape itself.
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She could have talked to a friend or a sister.
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And with her partner, it would have been extremely difficult:
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the slightest hint of doubt on his face or in his voice
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would have been devastating for her
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and would have probably meant the end of their relationship.
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Ana keeps silent because deep down she knows
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that nobody -- none of us, not her family or therapists,
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let alone the police or judges --
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are willing to hear what Ana actually did in that moment.
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First and foremost, Ana said, "No."
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When she saw that her "no" didn't help,
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she spoke nicely to him.
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She tried not to exacerbate his violence
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or give him ideas.
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She talked to him as if everything that was happening were normal,
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so he wouldn't be thinking that she would turn him in later.
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Now, I wonder and I ask all of you:
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All those things she did --
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isn't that considered resisting?
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No.
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For all or at least most of us, it's not,
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probably because it's not "resisting" in the eyes of the law.
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In most countries,
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the laws still require that the victim prove her innocence --
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that's right: the victim needs to prove her innocence --
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by showing marks on her body
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as evidence that she engaged in a vigorous and continuous fight
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with her aggressor.
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I can assure you, in most court cases,
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no amount of marks is ever enough.
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I listened to many women's stories.
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And I didn't hear any of them talking about themselves
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as if they had been reduced to a thing,
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totally subjected to the will of the other.
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Rather, they sounded astonished and even a little proud
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looking back
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and thinking how clear-headed they had been at the time,
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of how much attention they paid to every detail,
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as if that would allow them to exert some control over what was happening.
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Then I realized,
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of course --
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what women are doing in these situations
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is negotiating.
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They're trading sex for life.
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They ask the aggressor to finish quickly,
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so everything is over as soon as possible and at the lowest cost.
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They subject themselves to penetration,
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because believe it or not,
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penetration is what keeps them furthest
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from a sexual or emotional scenario.
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They subject themselves to penetration,
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because penetration is less painful
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than kisses, caresses and gentle words.
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Now, if we continue to expect
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rape to be what it very rarely is --
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with the rapist as a depraved lower-class man
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and not a university student or a businessman
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who goes out chasing after girls on a Friday or Saturday;
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if we keep expecting the victims to be demure women
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who faint on the scene,
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and not self-confident women --
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we will continue to be unable to listen.
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Women will continue to be unable to speak.
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And we will all continue to be responsible
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for that silence
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and their solitude.
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(Applause)
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