Making a TED-Ed Lesson: Animation

製作 TED-Ed 課程：動畫

Transcriber: Andrea McDonough Reviewer: Jessica Ruby

譯者: Geoff Chen 審譯者: Coco Shen

Enough mutations can bypass these fail-safes,

足夠的突變能穿越保護機制

driving these cells to divide recklessly.

造成細胞毫無節制的分裂

That one rogue cell becomes two,

一個細胞瘋狂地分裂成兩個、

then four,

四個

then eight.

八個

"How do you animate real materials,

「你們如何用真實材料製作動畫效果

like brains and nerves and stuff like that?

像大腦、神經那些東西？

How do you take something that doesn't move

你們是怎麼讓

and then make it move?"

不能動的東西動起來？」

"So, that's actually, we used a method

「所以，實際上，我們用一種

called stop-motion animation,

叫做定格動畫的方法

in which you are moving the objects

這麼一來你可以在攝影機下

underneath the camera,

移動拍攝對象

each frame, one at a time,

每幀一次

and you take a picture

為你所創造的物體

for each picture that you've created.

拍攝一張照片

So, for this, we were watching a lot of videos

所以為了這個，我們看了不少

on how cell division works,

關於細胞如何分裂的影片

and from that, I created a line-drawn animation

從那裡開始，我創造一組 線條繪製而成的動畫

that was my reference animation.

作為參考動畫

And, using the software that we use for stop-motion,

而且，定格動畫的軟體

I was actually able to look

讓我真的能夠

at that reference material while shooting

在拍攝的同時，看看參考的材料

so I could kind of arrange underneath the camera

所以我可以在攝像頭下面放置它們

in order to match my animation

以配合我的動畫

as I would follow along.

我會跟著移動

And we actually shot all of this on a green screen,

我們實際上是在 綠色螢幕上拍攝所有材料

and the purpose of using the green screen was,

使用綠色螢幕的目的是

for example, in the scene where you see

比如說吧，在你看到的場景中

many cells dividing at one time,

許多細胞有一次分裂

for me to have actually have to animate each of those cells

對我來說，要實際上 讓每一個細胞動起來

unanimously dividing at the same time

並在同一時間分裂

would have been a lot of work

工作量很大

that we wouldn't have had time for.

我們沒有足夠的時間

So, the green screen allowed me to do

所以，綠色螢幕可以讓我做

a couple of cell divisions

幾個細胞分裂

that I could then duplicate

然後我可以複製它

in order to show cell division:

來呈現細胞分裂的樣子：

two, then four, then eight."

兩個，四個，八個。」

"So, you only have to basically actually record it once

「所以，你們基本上只需要錄一次

and then you can just duplicate it on the computer."

然後就可以在電腦上重複它們了。」

"Exactly."

「是的。」

"So, it sounds really painstaking.

「聽起來還蠻辛苦的

How long did it take to, like, record one cell division?"

這需要花多長時間來做呢？ 比如，錄製一個細胞分裂要多久？」

"I think I did in a day, I did a couple of cell divisions.

「我想我做了一天，我做了幾個細胞分裂

So, sort of a full work day,

所以，大約需要一整天

so, probably a couple of hours for one.

大概幾個小時可以做一個

I think, actually, the stuff that took longer was the text.

其實，我覺得是文字 讓我耗費了更長的時間

We were animating the word, 'growth'.

我們對「成長 (Growth)」這個字 做動畫處理

We were animating it getting smaller and taller and wider.

我們對它進行動畫處理 把它處理得更小、更高，和更寬

And for this, I was literally adding one single seed at a time

為了這個

我基本上是一次添加一個種子。」

in order to create that animation."

"So, how did you animate the word cancer?"

「那麼，你們如何以動畫 呈現『癌症』(Cancer) 這個字？」

"I actually started with the word cancer written

「我事實上是開始於癌症這字的書寫

and moved backwards

然後往後推

and was surgically removing one seed at a time,

通過類似手術的方式 一次刪除一顆種子

and then we played that photage backwards

接著，我們向後拼貼回去

to make it look like it was appearing.

為了讓它看來像是 一種浮現出來的樣子

We use that trick a lot of times in stop-motion

我們在定格鏡上用了這多這個技巧

because if you want things to really conform,

因為如果你想讓材料真的符合要求

any time that you're having things come together

任何時候，當你把所有事兜在一起

or fall apart,

或分開來

it usually makes more sense

最好要從

to start with that together frame

共同的一幀上開始

and work from there,

並且從那裡開始工作

and do the scatter from there,

從那裡開始繪製

and then, just play that in reverse.

然後，就反向播放它

It's a little too painstaking.

這的確有點太麻煩

Stop-motion is painstaking,

定格是困難的

it's a labor of love,

雖然是出於對工作的喜愛

but you have to also be practical

但當你有一個交稿時限時

when you have a deadline."

你必須也要實際一些。」

"So, there's this technique that you guys use

「有一種你們用的技術：

to make the cells look like they're alive

如果要讓細胞看起來栩栩如生

so they're not just sitting there.

你不會讓它們只是停在那裡

That's called shimmering.

這個技法叫做『閃爍』效果

How does that work exactly?"

那是怎麼做到的？」

"So, in animation, shimmering is usually when you are,

「在動畫中，閃爍效果通常是

if you're doing drawn animation,

如果你正在繪製動畫

you're drawing that same drawing multiple times

你畫相同的圖案很多次

but with slight variations

但它們之間存在細微的差別

so that way, you don't have a stagnant, still frame

這樣，你就不會靜止不動，而是

under the camera.

在相機的一幀裡

With the cells, using the seeds and the Nerds,

至於細胞呢，用那些 種子和彩虹果粒糖 (Nerds)

we had the opportunity to really have a look,

我們有機會得以看看

like they were kind of vibrating and pulsating in a way.

它們晃動的狀況

And so, those are actually, depending on the cell,

這些其實都取決於該細胞

three to five pictures.

三至五幅照片

With the candy Nerds,

而關於彩虹果粒糖

I would rearrange their position each time

我每次會重新安排它們的位置

so there's actually removing all the colorful Nerds,

所以那實際上是 移除了所有有顏色的糖

leaving the purple ones in the center

只剩下圓心部份的紫色

and moving the colorful ones back in

那些有顏色的被移回來

into a different position.

到不同的位置

But with the seeds,

when the seeds were shimmering,

但種子呢

當種子閃爍時

for that, I would actually

我就會

just very, very, very lightly, like,

非常、 非常、 非常輕地

roll my hand over it very slightly

如同輕微地把我的手轉過來

and then make sure none of them

然後，確保它們

fell out of the constraints of the cell,

沒有掉出細胞

fix the edges,

固定邊框

and take that picture,

拍下那張照片

and just slightly do that again.

接著稍微再這麼做一次

So, it just slightly changes their position

所以，只是略微改變它們的位置

or rustles them up a little bit

或稍微搖動它們

so that would cycle over and over.

那就可以反復旋轉

And those would play on what animators call threes.

那些就是動畫製作者所說的「三」

And threes means that each picture

三意指，每副照片

is on screen for three frames

在螢幕上的三幀上

at twenty-four frames per second.

每秒廿四幀

So, for the shimmers, you were seeing

所以你看到的閃爍

eight different pictures each second of footage."

有每秒八個不同的連續鏡頭。」

"How much of your sweat and tears

「你在這些果粒糖上

are on these Nerds?"

花了多少心血？」

"I think, actually, to be honest,

「我想，說實話

the part that was the most perspirational

最困難的部分是

of using the Nerds for animation

為動畫使用這些果粒糖

was the place where we had to separate them into colors

我們必須把它們的顏色分開

in order to use them to animate.

為了要用它們進行動畫處理

Every time I would put them on the screen to animate,

每次我會把它們放在螢幕上

on the tabletop to animate,

在桌面上進行動畫處理

I would have to separate them out

我會把它們分開

at the end of the day again.

在一天結束後，然後再來一次

And that was the most frustrating part.

而那就是最令人沮喪的部分了

And, honestly, up until, like, three weeks ago,

並且，老實說，比如三個星期前

I dropped my purse on the ground

我不小心把錢包掉在地上

and, like, lentils came out of my purse and onto the floor.

這些糖就像小扁豆 從我的錢包掉全到了地板上

Like, there's, this video will stay with me forever."

當時想，我會永遠記得這個影片。」

"In your bag."

「在你包裡。」

"In my bag.

「在我的包裡

It goes wherever I go."

無論我走到哪裡，它就跟我到哪裡。」