Why is Texas hold 'em so popular? - James McManus

1,254,292 views ・ 2024-01-04

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Jienna Im κ²€ν† : DK Kim
00:07
Throughout the 1800s, in saloons across the West,
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1800λ…„λŒ€ λ‚΄λ‚΄ λ―Έκ΅­ μ„œλΆ€ μˆ μ§‘μ—μ„œλŠ”
00:10
you could find cowboys locked in tense standoffs.
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νŒ½νŒ½ν•œ λŒ€κ²°μ„ νŽΌμΉ˜λŠ” μΉ΄μš°λ³΄μ΄λ“€μ΄ λ³΄μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:14
But these weren’t shootouts.
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그런데 총싸움은 μ•„λ‹ˆμ—ˆκ³  κ·Έμ € μΉ΄λ“œλ†€μ΄λ₯Ό ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμ£ .
00:16
They were simply playing cardsβ€”
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00:17
for a mountain of chips worth their weight in gold.
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금과 κ°€μΉ˜κ°€ 같은 칩을 μ‚°λ”λ―Έμ²˜λŸΌ κ±Έκ³ μ„œμš”.
00:22
Most men wore loaded pistols in case a player was caught cheating.
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λˆ„κ΅°κ°€ 사기λ₯Ό μΉ  것을 λŒ€λΉ„ν•΄ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ€ μž₯μ „λœ κΆŒμ΄μ„ μ°¨κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμ£ .
00:26
When they prepared to make their bets, however,
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그런데 νŒλˆμ„ κ±Έλ €κ³  ν•  λ•ŒλŠ”
00:28
these cowboys weren’t focused on their holsters or their cards,
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μΉ΄μš°λ³΄μ΄λ“€μ€ 자기 κΆŒμ΄μ§‘μ΄λ‚˜ 자기 νŒ¨κ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
00:32
but rather on their opponent’s face.
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μƒλŒ€μ˜ ν‘œμ •μ— μ§‘μ€‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:34
Because not even a bullet could protect them from a well-executed bluff.
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감μͺ½κ°™μ€ ν—ˆμ„Έμ— λ‹Ήν•˜λŠ” 건 μ΄μ•Œλ‘œλ„ 막을 수 μ—†μ—ˆκ±°λ“ μš”.
00:41
From its earliest incarnations, poker has always been a battle of nerves.
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μ΄ˆμ°½κΈ°λΆ€ν„° ν¬μ»€λŠ” 늘 μ‹¬λ¦¬μ „μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:46
The game first emerged around 1800 in the melting pot of New Orleans.
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이 κ²Œμž„μ€ 1800λ…„κ²½
λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ λ¬Έν™”κ°€ λ’€μ„žμ΄λ˜ λ‰΄μ˜¬λ¦¬μ–ΈμŠ€μ—μ„œ λ“±μž₯ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:51
At this time, two games ruled the card tables:
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이 μ‹œκΈ°μ—λŠ” 두 가지 κ²Œμž„μ΄ ν…Œμ΄λΈ”μ„ μ§€λ°°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:54
French poque played with a 20-card deck, and English Brag which used 52-cards.
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μΉ΄λ“œ 20μž₯을 ν•œ 벌둜 ν•˜λŠ” ν”„λž‘μŠ€μ˜ β€˜ν¬ν¬β€™μ™€
μΉ΄λ“œ 52μž₯을 μ“°λŠ” 영ꡭ의 β€˜λΈŒλž˜κ·Έβ€™μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:01
Both these games saw players being dealt five cards from a four-suit deck,
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두 κ²Œμž„ λͺ¨λ‘ λ¬Έμ–‘ λ„€ κ°œκ°€ μžˆλŠ” μΉ΄λ“œ ν•œ λ²Œμ—μ„œ λ‹€μ„― μž₯을 λ°›κ³ 
01:06
and then trying to make the best hand possible according to a simple hierarchy.
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λ‹¨μˆœν•œ μΉ΄λ“œ μ„œμ—΄μ— 따라 κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ κ°€μž₯ 높은 패λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:12
They would then wager on whether or not they had the best handβ€”
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그런 λ‹€μŒ μžμ‹ μ΄ 더 쒋은 패λ₯Ό μ₯κ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것에 κ±°λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:15
either adding more money to the pot
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νŒλˆμ„ μ˜¬λ¦¬κ±°λ‚˜ μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ 패λ₯Ό μ ‘κ³  νŒμ„ ν¬κΈ°ν•˜λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
01:17
or folding and forfeiting their chance to win it.
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01:20
But since each player's cards were only revealed at the end of the hand,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 각자의 νŒ¨λŠ” 판이 λλ‚˜μ•Ό 곡개되기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
01:24
someone with bad cards could always bluffβ€”
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λ‚˜μœ 패λ₯Ό λ“€κ³  μžˆμ–΄λ„ μƒλŒ€λ₯Ό 속일 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:27
betting enough to scare his opponents into folding.
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ν°λˆμ„ κ±Έμ–΄μ„œ μƒλŒ€κ°€ 겁을 λ¨Ήκ³  νŒμ„ ν¬κΈ°ν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” κ±°μ£ .
01:31
Both games had slightly different hand combinations, but most importantly,
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두 κ²Œμž„μ˜ μΉ΄λ“œ μ„œμ—΄μ€ μ•½κ°„μ”© λ‹€λ₯΄μ§€λ§Œ 제일 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 건,
01:36
Brag allowed players to discard and draw new cards,
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λΈŒλž˜κ·Έμ—μ„œλŠ” μΉ΄λ“œλ₯Ό 버리고 μƒˆ μΉ΄λ“œλ₯Ό 뽑을 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:40
making better hands more likely and allowing for another round of betting.
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더 λ‚˜μ€ νŒ¨κ°€ λ‚˜μ˜¬ κ°€λŠ₯성이 컀지고 ν•œ 번 더 νŒλˆμ„ κ±Έ 수 있죠.
01:48
Eventually, the Southerners merged the two games
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹€κ°€ 남뢀 미ꡭ인듀은 이 두 κ²Œμž„μ„ ν•©μ³μ„œ
01:51
into a new version of poqueβ€” which they pronounced pokuhβ€”
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ ν˜•νƒœμ˜ 포크λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆκ³  이걸 β€˜ν¬μ»€β€™λΌκ³  λΆˆλ €λŠ”λ°
01:54
that created bigger pots and opportunities for more complex bluffing.
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νŒμ€ 더 컀지고 μ†μž„μˆ˜λŠ” 더 λ³΅μž‘ν•΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:00
This winning combination of guile, guts, and gambling caught on quickly.
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μ†μž„μˆ˜, 배짱, 도박이 μ΄λ£¨λŠ” ν™˜μƒμ μΈ 쑰합은 μˆœμ‹κ°„μ— νΌμ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:05
But its popularity skyrocketed after the invention of the steamboat,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 인기가 λ”μš± μΉ˜μ†Ÿμ€ 건 증기선이 발λͺ…λ˜μ–΄
02:10
which carried livestock, goods, and card games
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κ°€μΆ•κ³Ό 화물뿐 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ μΉ΄λ“œ κ²Œμž„λ„ μ‹£κ³ 
02:13
up the Mississippi, Ohio, and Missouri rivers.
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λ―Έμ‹œμ‹œν”Ό, μ˜€ν•˜μ΄μ˜€, 미주리 강을 였λ₯΄λ‚΄λ¦° ν›„μ˜€μ£ .
02:17
By Abraham Lincoln’s election in 1860,
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1860λ…„ μ—μ΄λΈŒλŸ¬ν–„ 링컨이 당선될 무렡
02:20
Americans in every state and territory were playing the newfangled bluffing game.
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미ꡭ의 λͺ¨λ“  주와 μ§€μ—­μ—μ„œ 이 ν—ˆμ„Έ κ²Œμž„μ΄ μœ ν–‰ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμ£ .
02:25
And while many played for low, friendly stakes,
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λŒ€κ°œ 친λͺ©μ„ 도λͺ¨ν•˜λ©° 적은 νŒλˆμ„ κ±Έμ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ
02:28
some gamblers put their homes and livelihoods on the line.
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μ–΄λ–€ 도박꾼듀은 κ°€μ •κ³Ό 생계λ₯Ό μœ„ν—˜μ— λΉ λœ¨λ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:32
These life-changing bets even found their way into popular novels
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인생을 λ°”κΎΈλŠ” 이런 λ„λ°•νŒμ€ 인기 μ†Œμ„€μ—λ„ λ“±μž₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:36
like β€œGone with the Wind,”
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'λ°”λžŒκ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜ 사라지닀'μ—μ„œλŠ” μŠ€μΉΌλ › μ˜€ν•˜λΌμ˜ 아버지가
02:38
where Scarlett O’Hara’s father wins an entire plantation
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포컀 ν•œ 판으둜 농μž₯ ν•˜λ‚˜λ₯Ό μ–»μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:41
in a single hand of poker.
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02:44
But as pots became bigger, so did the temptation to cheat.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 판이 μ»€μ§€λ©΄μ„œ μ‚¬κΈ°μ˜ μœ ν˜Ήλ„ κ°•ν•΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:48
Some players enlisted an accomplice to spy on opponents
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μ–΄λ–€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 곡범과 짜고 μƒλŒ€λ₯Ό μ—Όνƒν•˜κ³ 
02:52
and used props to communicate their hands.
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μ†Œν’ˆμ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ„œ λͺ°λž˜ μƒλŒ€μ˜ 패λ₯Ό μ•Œμ•„λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:55
Others marked important cards with nicks, dents, or invisible ink.
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흠집을 λ‚΄κ±°λ‚˜ μ ‘κ±°λ‚˜ μ•ˆ λ³΄μ΄λŠ” μž‰ν¬λ‘œ μ€‘μš”ν•œ μΉ΄λ“œλ₯Ό ν‘œμ‹œν•˜κΈ°λ„ ν–ˆμ£ .
03:00
But perhaps the most common method was sneaking a cold deck into the game.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ°€μž₯ 많이 쓰인 방법은
β€˜μ½œλ“œ λ±β€™μœΌλ‘œ λ°”κΏ”μΉ˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:06
Cold decks were pre-sequenced to give victims powerful hands
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β€˜μ½œλ“œ 덱’은 μˆœμ„œλ₯Ό 미리 μ‘°μž‘ν•œ μΉ΄λ“œλ‘œμ„œ
ν”Όν•΄μžμ—κ²Œ 쒋은 패λ₯Ό μ€˜μ„œ ν°λˆμ„ κ±Έκ²Œλ” ν•˜κ³ 
03:10
that encouraged them to bet big,
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03:12
while giving the cheater an even better one.
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μ‚¬κΈ°κΎΌμ—κ²ŒλŠ” 더 쒋은 νŒ¨κ°€ κ°€κ²Œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:18
However, even cheaters had to keep up with the game’s constant changes.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 사기꾼듀도 μ‹œμ‹œκ°κ° λ³€ν•˜λŠ” κ²Œμž„μ„ λ”°λΌμž‘μ•„μ•Ό ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:22
As poker moved west with the Gold Rush, new variants emerged.
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금 열풍을 따라 포컀가 μ„œλΆ€λ‘œ κ°€λ©° μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ’…λ₯˜κ°€ μƒκ²¨λ‚¬κ±°λ“ μš”.
03:27
Five-card Stud became the game of choice
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β€˜νŒŒμ΄λΈŒ μΉ΄λ“œ μŠ€ν„°λ“œβ€™λŠ” μ•…λͺ… 높은 μ΄μž‘μ΄λ“€ μ‚¬μ΄μ—μ„œ 인기λ₯Ό λŒμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:29
among notorious gunmen like Doc Holliday, Wyatt Earp, and Wild Bill Hickok.
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λ‹₯ 할리데이, μ™€μ΄μ–΄νŠΈ μ–΄ν”„, μ™€μΌλ“œ 빌 νžˆμ½• 같은 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€ 말이죠.
03:35
With four rounds of betting,
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β€˜νŒŒμ΄λΈŒ μΉ΄λ“œ μŠ€ν„°λ“œβ€™λŠ” νŒλˆμ„ λ„€ μ°¨λ‘€ κ±Έ 수 μžˆμ–΄
03:37
Five-card Stud produced even more lucrative pots,
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더 큰돈이 κ±Έλ¦¬λŠ” νŒμ„ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ λƒˆλŠ”λ°
03:41
encouraging so much cheating that California outlawed the game in 1885.
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μ†μž„μˆ˜κ°€ λ„ˆλ¬΄ λ§Œμ—°ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜μ–΄μ„œ
1885년에 μΊ˜λ¦¬ν¬λ‹ˆμ•„μ£ΌλŠ” 이 κ²Œμž„μ„ κΈˆμ§€ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:50
Meanwhile, back in Texas, another variant emerged
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ν•œνŽΈ, ν…μ‚¬μŠ€μ—μ„œλŠ” 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ 변쒅이 λ“±μž₯ν•΄μ„œ
03:53
to solve the common problem of having too many players and not enough cards.
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ν”νžˆ μ‚¬λžŒμ€ 많고 μΉ΄λ“œλŠ” λΆ€μ‘±ν–ˆλ˜ 문제λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:58
This game, known as Texas Hold'em,
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β€˜ν…μ‚¬μŠ€ ν™€λ€β€™μ΄λΌλŠ” 이 κ²Œμž„μ€ μ•„μ£Ό 인기가 λ†’μ•˜λŠ”λ°
04:01
became a favorite because its low ratio of private, hidden cards
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κ³΅κ°œν•˜λŠ” 곡유 μΉ΄λ“œμ— λΉ„ν•΄ κ³΅κ°œν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” κ°œμΈλ³„ μΉ΄λ“œκ°€ μ μ–΄μ„œ
04:05
to shared, exposed cards
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04:07
allowed for plenty of deductions and tactical maneuvering.
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μΆ”λ‘ κ³Ό μ „λž΅μ˜ 비쀑이 μ»ΈκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:11
Even more exciting was no-limit Hold’em, which allowed players to go all in,
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β€˜λ…Έ 리밋 홀덀’은 더 박진감이 λ„˜μ³€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ–΄λŠ λ•Œκ±΄ 가진 κ±Έ λ‹€ κ±Έκ³  β€˜μ˜¬μΈβ€™ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆμ£ .
04:17
betting everything they had at any point in the hand.
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04:22
In 1928, Hungarian polymath John von Neumann
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λ‹€μž¬λ‹€λŠ₯ν•œ 헝가리 인인 μ‘΄ 폰 λ…Έμ΄λ§Œμ€ 1928년에
04:26
sought to explain the nuances of betting and bluffing in mathematical terms.
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ν™•μ‹ κ³Ό ν—ˆμ„Έμ˜ λ―Έλ¬˜ν•œ 차이λ₯Ό μˆ˜ν•™μ μœΌλ‘œ μ„€λͺ…ν•˜κ³ μž ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:31
His work became the foundation for a whole new branch of mathematics
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그의 μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” μ™„μ „νžˆ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μˆ˜ν•™ λΆ„μ•Όμ˜ κΈ°μ΄ˆκ°€ λ˜μ—ˆλŠ”λ°
04:35
called game theory,
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λ°”λ‘œ β€˜κ²Œμž„ μ΄λ‘ β€™μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:37
which has grown to be vitally important not only in high-stakes poker,
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κ²Œμž„ 이둠은 λ°œμ „μ„ κ±°λ“­ν•΄ 큰돈이 μ˜€κ°€λŠ” 포컀뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
04:41
but in economics and military strategy.
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κ²½μ œμ™€ ꡰ사 μ „λž΅μ—μ„œλ„ 핡심이 λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:44
In the late 20th century, game theory became essential
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20μ„ΈκΈ° ν›„λ°˜μ— 이λ₯΄λŸ¬ κ²Œμž„ 이둠은
04:47
for navigating the geopolitical bluffing game of nuclear warfare.
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ν•΅μ „μŸμ΄λΌλŠ” 지정학적 심리전을 ν—€μ³λ‚˜κ°€λŠ” 데 ν•„μˆ˜κ°€ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:54
Today, America’s card game is an international affair,
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미ꡭ의 κ΅­λ―Ό μΉ΄λ“œ κ²Œμž„μ€ 이제 세계적인 인기λ₯Ό λˆ„λ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:58
attracting players from over a hundred countries
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무렀 λ°±μ—¬ κ°œκ΅­μ—μ„œ μ„ μˆ˜λ“€μ΄
05:01
to the annual World Series of Poker.
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맀년 β€˜μ›”λ“œ μ‹œλ¦¬μ¦ˆ 였브 포컀’ λŒ€νšŒμ— μ°Έκ°€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:04
Fortunes are made and lost every day on casino floors, poker websites,
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 맀일 λˆμ„ μžƒκ³  λ•λ‹ˆλ‹€.
카지노, 포컀 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ, 그리고
05:09
and in thousands of live and online tournaments.
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온라인으둜 μƒμ€‘κ³„ν•˜λŠ” λŒ€νšŒ 수천 κ³³μ—μ„œμš”.
05:12
So while a single game's outcome will never be certain,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆ ν•œ 판의 μŠΉνŒ¨λŠ” μ ˆλŒ€ ν™•μ‹ ν•  수 없어도
05:16
poker is definitely here to stay.
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포컀가 사라지지 μ•Šμ„ 건 ν™•μ‹€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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