How do gas masks actually work? - George Zaidan

539,599 views ・ 2024-04-30

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Euiyoung Lee κ²€ν† : DK Kim
00:10
You might think of gas masks as clunky, spooky, military-looking devices
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방독면이라고 ν•˜λ©΄ νˆ¬λ°•ν•˜κ³  μœΌμŠ€μŠ€ν•œ ꡰ용 λ¬Όν’ˆμœΌλ‘œμ„œ
00:14
only found in spy movies or World War I museums.
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첩보 μ˜ν™”λ‚˜ 1μ°¨ λŒ€μ „ λ°•λ¬Όκ΄€μ—μ„œλ‚˜ λ³Ό 수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  생각할 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:18
But you probably already own a mask that uses remarkably similar technology.
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그런데 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 이미 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” λ§ˆμŠ€ν¬μ—
λ†€λΌμšΈ 만큼 λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ 기술이 λ“€μ–΄ μžˆμ„ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:23
And in the near future, we may need to rely on these filters
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그리고 κ°€κΉŒμš΄ λ―Έλž˜μ—λŠ” μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ—¬κ³Ό 기술이
00:25
as part of our everyday lives.
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μΌμƒμƒν™œμ˜ 일뢀가 될지도 λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:28
In addition to emerging diseases,
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μ‹ μ’… μ§ˆλ³‘μ΄ λ“±μž₯ν•˜λŠ” 거에 λ”ν•΄μ„œ
00:30
wildfire frequency has more than tripled from 1996 to 2021.
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μ‚°λΆˆμ€ 1996λ…„λΆ€ν„° 2021λ…„κΉŒμ§€ 3λ°° 이상 μ¦κ°€ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:35
As fires burn longer and cover more land, their smoke affects more people each year.
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ν™”μž¬κ°€ 맀년 더 였래 μœ μ§€λ˜κ³  더 λ„“κ²Œ 퍼질수둝
μ—°κΈ°λŠ” 더 λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:40
Climate change is also causing more hot, sunny days,
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κΈ°ν›„ λ³€ν™”λ‘œ λ”μš± λ₯κ³ , 햇볕이 κ°•ν•œ 날이 λŠ˜λ©΄μ„œ
00:44
which accelerates the production of toxic ground level ozone.
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μœ λ…μ„± μ§€ν‘œλ©΄ 였쑴이 더 빨리 μƒμ„±λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:48
So, how do these masks work,
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그러면 이 λ§ˆμŠ€ν¬λ“€μ€ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μž‘μš©ν•˜λ©°
00:49
and can they protect us from new and old airborne threats?
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λŒ€κΈ°μ— μžˆλŠ” μƒˆλ‘­κ±°λ‚˜ 였래된 μœ„ν—˜μ—μ„œ 우리λ₯Ό λ³΄ν˜Έν•  수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
00:52
Well, the first rule of filters is making sure you have a tight seal.
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μ—¬κ³Όμ˜ 첫 번째 κ·œμΉ™μ€ ν™•μ‹€ν•˜κ²Œ λ°€λ΄‰ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:56
Without that, even the best mask in the world is useless.
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그렇지 μ•ŠμœΌλ©΄ μ„Έμƒμ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ 쒋은 λ§ˆμŠ€ν¬λ„ λ¬΄μš©μ§€λ¬Όμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:59
So assuming your mask is on tight,
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 마슀크λ₯Ό μ œλŒ€λ‘œ μ°©μš©ν–ˆλ‹€κ³  κ°€μ •ν•˜κ³ ,
01:01
this technology can capture pollutants in one of two ways:
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이 κΈ°μˆ μ€ λ‘˜ 쀑 ν•œ 가지 λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ μ˜€μ—Ό λ¬Όμ§ˆμ„ κ±°λ₯Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:05
filtering them out by size or attracting specific chemical compounds.
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ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ” 크기둜 κ±°λ₯΄λŠ” κ±°κ³ 
λ‹€λ₯Έ ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ” νŠΉμ •ν•œ 화합물을 λŒμ–΄ 당겨 μ œκ±°ν•˜λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
01:09
For an example of the first approach, let’s look at wildfire smoke.
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첫 번째 λ°©λ²•μ˜ 예둜 μ‚°λΆˆ μ—°κΈ°λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:13
When forests burn, they generate a wide variety of chemicals.
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μˆ²μ— 뢈이 λ‚˜λ©΄ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ ν™”ν•™ 물질이 μƒμ„±λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:17
At close range, there are so many different pollutants
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κ·Όκ±°λ¦¬μ—λŠ” 맀우 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ˜€μ—Ό 물질이 맀우 κ³ λ†λ„λ‘œ 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
01:19
at such high concentrations that no filter could help youβ€”
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μ–΄λ–€ μ—¬κ³Ό μž₯μΉ˜λ„ 도움이 μ•ˆ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:22
this is why firefighters travel with their own air supply.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ†Œλ°©κ΄€μ€ 곡기 곡급 μž₯치λ₯Ό λ“€κ³  μΆœλ™ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:25
But further away, the situation is different.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 멀리 λ–¨μ–΄μ Έ μžˆλ‹€λ©΄ 상황은 λ‹€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:28
While there's still a range of chemicals,
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μ—¬μ „νžˆ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ ν™”ν•™ 물질이 μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ
01:30
they’ve mostly aggregated into tiny solid or liquid particles
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ€ μž‘μ€ 고체 λ˜λŠ” 앑체 μž…μžλ‘œ μ‘μ§‘λ˜μ–΄ 있고
01:34
smaller than 2.5 microns in diameter.
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μž…μžλ“€μ€ 직경이 2.5미크둠 λ―Έλ§Œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:37
This particulate matter is much of what you're seeing and smelling in smoke,
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μ—°κΈ° μ†μ—μ„œ 보고 λƒ„μƒˆ λ§‘λŠ” λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ΄ 이 μž…μžμƒ 물질이며
01:41
and it's especially dangerous for children, the elderly,
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어린이, 노인, 호흑기 μ§ˆν™˜μ΄ μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€,
01:44
and those with respiratory or cardiovascular diseases.
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μ‹¬ν˜ˆκ΄€ μ§ˆν™˜μ΄ μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ 특히 μœ„ν—˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:47
Luckily, the majority of these particulates are still large enough
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λ‹€ν–‰νžˆ, 이런 λ―Έλ¦½μžλ“€μ€ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ μ»€μ„œ
01:50
to be captured by the most basic filters,
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κ°€μž₯ 기본적인 μ—¬κ³Ό μž₯μΉ˜λ‘œλ„ 포집할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:53
which are made of polypropylene or glass strands
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이런 ν•„ν„°λŠ” ν΄λ¦¬ν”„λ‘œν•„λ Œμ΄λ‚˜ 유리 μ„¬μœ λ‘œ λ§Œλ“œλŠ”λ°
01:55
roughly 1/10 the width of a human hair.
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이듀은 머리카락 λ„ˆλΉ„μ˜ μ•½ 1/10 μ •λ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:58
Under a microscope, they look like a thick forest,
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ν˜„λ―Έκ²½μœΌλ‘œ 보면 μšΈμ°½ν•œ 숲처럼 λ³΄μ΄λŠ”λ°,
02:01
and at this scale, these branches have a special property.
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이 정도 규λͺ¨μ—μ„œ 보면 이 가지듀은 νŠΉμ„±μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:05
Typically, when you use a sieve,
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일반적으둜 체λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  λ•ŒλŠ” 체의 λˆˆλ³΄λ‹€ 큰 물체λ₯Ό κ±ΈλŸ¬λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:07
you’re filtering out objects larger than the sieve’s holes.
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02:11
But these polypropylene branches can catch particles much smaller
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 이 ν΄λ¦¬ν”„λ‘œν•„λ Œ 가지듀은
ν‹ˆμƒˆλ³΄λ‹€ 훨씬 μž‘μ€ μž…μžλ₯Ό κ±ΈλŸ¬λ‚Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:15
than the gaps between them.
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02:17
That’s because, when a particle collides with a thread,
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κ·Έ μ΄μœ λŠ”, μž…μžκ°€ μ‹€κ³Ό λΆ€λ”ͺ히면
02:19
van der Waals forces cause it to stick as if it were made of Velcro.
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반 데λ₯΄ 발슀 힘으둜 인해 찍찍이처럼 달라뢙기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:24
Plus, size-based filters can use electrically charged fibers
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λ˜ν•œ 크기둜 κ±°λ₯΄λŠ” ν•„ν„°λŠ” μ „ν•˜λ₯Ό 띀 μ„¬μœ λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ„œ
02:28
that attract particles not already on a collision course.
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μ‚¬μ΄λ‘œ λΉ μ Έλ‚˜κ°€λŠ” μž…μžλ₯Ό λŒμ–΄λ‹ΉκΈΈ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:32
This is how even a simple N95 mask can catch at least 95% of particulate matter.
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이λ₯Ό 톡해 κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ N95 λ§ˆμŠ€ν¬λ‘œλ„
μž…μž λ¬Όμ§ˆμ„ μ΅œμ†Œ 95% μ œκ±°ν•  수 있고
02:38
And why an N100 mask
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λ˜ν•œ N100 마슀크 λ˜λŠ”
02:40
or an air purifier with a high efficiency particulate air filter
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고효율 미립자 곡기 ν•„ν„°κ°€ μž₯착된 곡기 μ²­μ •κΈ°λŠ”
02:43
can catch at least 99.97% of particulates.
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미립자λ₯Ό μ΅œμ†Œ 99.97% 포집할 수 μžˆκΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:47
With a tight seal,
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λ°€μ°©ν•΄μ„œ μ°©μš©ν•œλ‹€λ©΄ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μˆ˜μ€€μ˜ 보호둜
02:49
this level of protection will filter out most airborne pollution.
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곡기 쀑 μ˜€μ—Ό λ¬Όμ§ˆμ„ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ κ±ΈλŸ¬λ‚Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:53
Unfortunately, some pollutants are still too small for this approach,
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μ•ˆνƒ€κΉκ²Œλ„ 일뢀 μ˜€μ—Ό λ¬Όμ§ˆμ€ λ„ˆλ¬΄ μž‘μ•„μ„œ 이 방법이 μ•ˆ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:56
including ozone molecules.
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κ°€λ Ή 였쑴 λΆ„μžκ°€ 있죠.
02:58
These are barely bigger than the oxygen that we need to breathe
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μ˜€μ‘΄μ€ ν˜Έν‘μ— ν•„μš”ν•œ μ‚°μ†Œλ³΄λ‹€ μ•½κ°„ 더 크며
03:02
and exposure is associated with asthma, respiratory conditions,
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λ…ΈμΆœλ˜λ©΄ μ²œμ‹, 호흑기 μ§ˆν™˜, 그리고 μ‘°κΈ° μ‚¬λ§κΉŒμ§€ μ΄ˆλž˜ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:05
and even premature death.
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03:08
Our best chance to filter them are activated carbon masks.
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이λ₯Ό κ±ΈλŸ¬λ‚Ό 수 μžˆλŠ” κ°€μž₯ 쒋은 방법은 ν™œμ„±νƒ„ λ§ˆμŠ€ν¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:11
At the microscopic level, activated carbon looks like a vast black honeycomb,
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ν˜„λ―Έκ²½μœΌλ‘œ 보면 ν™œμ„±νƒ„μ€ κ±°λŒ€ν•œ 검은색 λ²Œμ§‘μ²˜λŸΌ 보이며
03:16
and it's highly microporous structure can trap tiny ozone molecules.
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μ΄κ²ƒμ˜ λ―Έμ„Έ 닀곡성 κ΅¬μ‘°λŠ” μž‘μ€ 였쑴 λΆ„μžλ₯Ό κ°€λ‘˜ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:21
But this material still needs help to capture other pollutants
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이 물질이 ν™©ν™” μˆ˜μ†Œ, μ—Όμ†Œ, μ•”λͺ¨λ‹ˆμ•„ 같은
03:24
like hydrogen sulfide, chlorine, and ammonia.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ˜€μ—Ό λ¬Όμ§ˆμ„ μž‘μ•„λ‚΄λ €λ©΄ μ—¬μ „νžˆ 도움이 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:27
For these threats, we need to combine the activated carbon
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이런 μœ„ν—˜ λ¬Όμ§ˆμ— λŒ€μ‘ν•˜λ €λ©΄ ν™œμ„±νƒ„μ—
λͺ‡ 가지 κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ ν™”ν•™ λ¬Όμ§ˆμ„ μΆ”κ°€ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:30
with some simple chemistry.
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03:32
If the pollutant is acidic, we can infuse the filter with a basic chemical.
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μ˜€μ—Ό 물질이 산성이면 필터에 μ—ΌκΈ°μ„± λ¬Όμ§ˆμ„ μΆ”κ°€ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:37
Then when the two meet, they react, and the gas is trapped.
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이 λ‘˜μ΄ λ§Œλ‚˜λ©΄ λ°˜μ‘μ„ μΌμœΌν‚€κ³  κ°€μŠ€κ°€ κ°‡νžˆκ²Œ 되죠.
03:40
Similarly, we can use acids to trap basic pollutants.
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λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λ‘œ μ‚°μ„± λ¬Όμ§ˆμ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ μ—ΌκΈ°μ„± μ˜€μ—Ό λ¬Όμ§ˆμ„ κ°€λ‘˜ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:44
Even with the right mask, it's still smart to check air quality indicators
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μ˜¬λ°”λ₯Έ 마슀크λ₯Ό μ°©μš©ν–ˆλ”λΌλ„ 곡기 질 μ§€ν‘œλ₯Ό ν™•μΈν•˜κ³ 
03:48
and to stay indoors when the threat level is high.
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μœ„ν—˜ μˆ˜μ€€μ΄ 높을 λ•ŒλŠ” 싀내에 머무λ₯΄λŠ” 것이 ν˜„λͺ…ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:51
And just like a mask, you'll want to make sure your house is well sealed.
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λ§ˆμŠ€ν¬μ™€ λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λ‘œ 집도 밀폐 μƒνƒœλ₯Ό ν™•μΈν•˜λ©΄ μ’‹μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:55
You can do this by closing windows, turning off fans that vent outside,
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창문을 λ‹«κ³  외뢀와 ν†΅ν•˜λŠ” ν™˜ν’κΈ°λ₯Ό 끄고,
03:59
and using HEPA filter equipped air purifiers
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ν—€νŒŒ ν•„ν„°κ°€ μž₯착된 곡기 μ²­μ •κΈ° ν˜Ήμ€
04:01
or their cheaper, DIY cousin, the Corsi-Rosenthal box.
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μ €λ ΄ν•˜κ²Œ 직접 λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆλŠ” β€˜μ½”λ₯΄μ‹œ λ‘œμ  νƒˆ μƒμžβ€™λ₯Ό μ“°λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:06
Following these guidelines can help us breathe easy
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 지침을 λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄ νŽΈμ•ˆν•˜κ²Œ μˆ¨μ„ μ‰¬λ©΄μ„œ
04:09
as we work on preventing these pollutants in the first place.
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μ• μ΄ˆμ— μ˜€μ—Ό 물질이 λ°œμƒν•˜μ§€ μ•Šλ„λ‘ λ…Έλ ₯ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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