in which, on which, at which, to which, from which | Learn English Grammar

13,603 views ãƒģ 2022-12-17

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āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻŸāĻŋ āĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻš āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻšā§‡āĻ° āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻžāĻŦāĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻŸā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻĄāĻžāĻŦāĻ˛-āĻ•ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤

00:00
Hello, students. Welcome to Daily English Homework. 
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āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹, āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°. āĻĻā§ˆāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ• āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋ āĻšā§‹āĻŽāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ• āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āĻ¤āĻŽ.
00:03
Let's take a look at the homework. It says fix my five sentences. 
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āĻšāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨ āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§‡ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤ āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻžāĻāĻšāĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻ°āĨ¤
00:09
I have five sentences here. What's the problem? 
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻāĻšāĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡. āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āĻ¯āĻž āĻ•āĻŋ?
00:13
They're missing a word. What word are they missing? 
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻĒāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ¤. āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻĒāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ¤?
00:18
They're missing a preposition. 
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ…āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻĒāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›āĻŋ.
00:20
All right, and you can see the preposition  will come before ‘which’ in each sentence. 
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ 'which' āĻāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ā§‡ preposition āĻ†āĻ¸āĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
00:27
So you have to fix the prepositional  phrase using ‘which’ in each sentence. 
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ 'what' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ…āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ‚āĻļāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
00:34
This sentence or these sentences are  in the description below this video. 
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āĻāĻ‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻ‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ° āĻ¨ā§€āĻšā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻ¨āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
00:39
You copy them, you put in the prepositions,  post it in a new comment, I will check it. 
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻĒāĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨, āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ…āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ–ā§āĻ¨, āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻĒā§‹āĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒāĻ°ā§€āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦāĨ¤
00:46
All right that's your homework and someâ€Ļ some  of you are thinking, Robin, how do I know  
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡ āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ¤ā§‹āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻšā§‹āĻŽāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ• āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§â€Ļ āĻ¤ā§‹āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ•ā§‡āĻ‰ āĻ•ā§‡āĻ‰ āĻ­āĻžāĻŦāĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨, āĻ°āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¨, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•ā§€āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻāĻŦ
00:52
which preposition to put before ‘which’? Well that's what this lesson is about. 
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āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻ…āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ¯āĻŧāĻŸāĻŋ 'āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨'-āĻāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ¸āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡? āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻāĻ‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ  āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋ.
01:00
I’m going to teach you uh the basics. I’m not going to go into an advanced level. 
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻŽā§ŒāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻļā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋ. āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ‰āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĻ¤ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻž.
01:06
We're just going to keep it as basic because  it's a little new a little tricky grammar here. 
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻļā§āĻ§ā§ āĻāĻŸāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻŽā§ŒāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ• āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸā§ āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻŸā§ āĻœāĻŸāĻŋāĻ˛ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĻ°āĻŖāĨ¤
01:11
So I’m just going to go slow and  look at look at it at a basic level. 
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻļā§āĻ§ā§ āĻ§ā§€āĻ° āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽā§ŒāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ• āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°ā§‡.
01:16
So that's your homework and I am  going to help you out a little more. 
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻāĻ•āĻŸā§ āĻ¸āĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
01:21
These are the prepositions  you need for your homework. 
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āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻšā§‹āĻŽāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‹āĻœāĻ¨ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ…āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
01:25
at, in, from, to, of. Now, the order here, and the order here,  
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āĻ, āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡, āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡, āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡, āĻāĻ°āĨ¤ āĻāĻ–āĻ¨, āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĄāĻžāĻ°, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŽ,
01:34
it's different, so you've got to figure  out whichâ€Ļ which one of these will have at,  
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āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ–ā§āĻāĻœā§‡ āĻŦā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨āĻŸāĻŋâ€Ļ āĻāĻ‡āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻŦā§‡,
01:39
in, from, to, of all. Right, so I’m helping  
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āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡, āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡, āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡, āĻ¸āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ
01:41
you out with the homework a lot. So it should not be too difficult  
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻœā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻ¸āĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻāĻ‡ āĻšā§‹āĻŽāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ–ā§āĻŦ āĻŦā§‡āĻļāĻŋ āĻ•āĻ āĻŋāĻ¨ āĻšāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ‰āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ
01:46
to do this homework but you will  learn a lot by doing this homework. 
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āĻ¤āĻŦā§‡ āĻāĻ‡ āĻšā§‹āĻŽāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻļāĻŋāĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤
01:51
All right, let's get into the lesson. Now the prepositional phrases using ‘which’  
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻĒāĻžāĻ ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻļ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤ āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ 'āĻ¯āĻž' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ…āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ‚āĻļ
02:00
isâ€Ļ I get a lot of questions from students about  this and so that's why I’m making this video. 
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... āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨā§€āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻ› āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ āĻĒā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›āĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¤ā§ˆāĻ°āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
02:06
Someone requestsâ€Ļ a few  people requested this video  
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āĻ•ā§‡āĻ‰ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻ§ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨... āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ˛ā§‹āĻ• āĻāĻ‡ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻŸāĻŋāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻ§ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡
02:09
so I will try to make it as clear as possible  
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¯āĻ¤āĻŸāĻž āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻ­āĻŦ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻšā§‡āĻˇā§āĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦ
02:15
but again this is just a basic, basic video. We're not going to go too much into it. 
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āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽā§ŒāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ•, āĻŽā§ŒāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ• āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĨ¤ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻŸāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ–ā§āĻŦ āĻŦā§‡āĻļāĻŋ āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
02:21
So what it says here, you need to  know prepositions and collocation. 
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡, āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ…āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ˛ā§‹āĻ•ā§‡āĻļāĻ¨ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
02:29
There are many other prepositions that can be  paired with which, under, during, about, over,  
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āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻ…āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻĒā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ, under, during, about, over,
02:39
etc., so going back here, I gave for the homework. I gave common prepositions. 
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āĻ‡āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĻāĻŋ, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻĢāĻŋāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋ, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻšā§‹āĻŽāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ…āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
02:44
I think everyone knows these  prepositions at, in, from, to, of. 
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ…āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ¯āĻŧāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡, āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡, āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡, āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡, āĻāĻ°āĨ¤
02:49
That's why I chose kind of easier  prepositions for the homework. 
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āĻāĻ‡ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖā§‡āĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻšā§‹āĻŽāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¸āĻšāĻœ āĻ…āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ¯āĻŧāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻŦā§‡āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
02:54
But keep in mind, that we can make ‘under which’,  ‘during which’, ‘about which’, ‘over which’. 
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āĻ¤āĻŦā§‡ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'āĻ¯āĻžāĻ° āĻ…āĻ§ā§€āĻ¨ā§‡', 'āĻ¯āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ', 'āĻ¯āĻž āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡', 'āĻ¯āĻžāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡' āĻ¤ā§ˆāĻ°āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
03:02
There's a lot of prepositions we can use before  ‘which’, so it helps to know prepositions. 
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨'-āĻāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻ…āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ…āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ…āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤
03:13
If you don't know many prepositions,  you're going to have a difficult time  
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻ…āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¨āĻž āĻœāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¨, āĻ¤āĻžāĻšāĻ˛ā§‡
03:17
using this sentence structure. But again, I think  everyone is familiar with these prepositions. 
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āĻāĻ‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ āĻ—āĻ āĻ¨āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻ āĻŋāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻšāĻŦā§‡ āĨ¤ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ°, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ…āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ¯āĻŧāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻšāĻŋāĻ¤āĨ¤
03:28
The other issue is collocation. Collocation - this is where we get paired. 
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āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āĻ¯āĻž āĻ•ā§‹āĻ˛ā§‹āĻ•ā§‡āĻļāĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ¯ā§‹āĻœāĻ¨ - āĻāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻœā§‹āĻĄāĻŧāĻž āĻĒā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡.
03:34
Collocation means we have a word  that often goes with another word. 
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āĻ•ā§‹āĻ˛ā§‹āĻ•ā§‡āĻļāĻ¨ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻļāĻ‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
03:40
So they're often paired. They go together. 
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ‡ āĻœā§‹āĻĄāĻŧāĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ. āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
03:42
So for example, in English, native  speakers will say, “I wash the dishes.” 
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āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°ā§‚āĻĒ, āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡, āĻ¨ā§‡āĻŸāĻŋāĻ­ āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŦā§‡, "āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸āĻ¨ āĻ§ā§āĻ‡āĨ¤"
03:49
So ‘wash dishes’ are often  paired. That's collocation. 
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ 'āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸āĻ¨ āĻ§ā§‹āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž' āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ‡ āĻœā§‹āĻĄāĻŧāĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ˛ā§‹āĻ•ā§‡āĻļāĻ¨.
03:54
Native speakers, â€ĻI I can say, “I clean the  dishes,” that makes grammaticalâ€Ļ grammatical sense  
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āĻ¨ā§‡āĻŸāĻŋāĻ­ āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ°, â€ĻII āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ, "āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻĨāĻžāĻ˛āĻž-āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸āĻ¨ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ", āĻ¯āĻž āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĻ°āĻŖāĻ—āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¤ā§‹āĻ˛ā§‡... āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĻ°āĻŖāĻ—āĻ¤ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨā§‡
04:03
but native speakers usually don't  say ‘clean the dishes’, we usually  
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āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻŸāĻŋāĻ­ āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻ°āĻž āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤ 'āĻĨāĻžāĻ˛āĻž-āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸āĻ¨ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ•āĻžāĻ°' āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻž, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤
04:07
say ‘wash the dishes’. That's collocation. 
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āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŋ 'āĻĨāĻžāĻ˛āĻž-āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸āĻ¨ āĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻĢā§‡āĻ˛'āĨ¤ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ˛ā§‹āĻ•ā§‡āĻļāĻ¨.
04:11
So you want to sound like a  native speaker use collocation. 
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻŸāĻŋāĻ­ āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ˛ā§‹āĻ•ā§‡āĻļāĻ¨ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
04:16
So with the with the sentences, we're going to  talk about in a moment, I’m going to show you  
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āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽā§āĻšā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋ, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡
04:24
examples. Collocation is very important. You have to know, oh,  
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āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ˛ā§‹āĻ•ā§‡āĻļāĻ¨ āĻ–ā§āĻŦāĻ‡ āĻ—ā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡, āĻ“āĻš,
04:29
which preposition goes with this word. And let's take a look at the first sentence. 
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āĻāĻ‡ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻ…āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ¯āĻŧāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻŸāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻĒāĻžāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•.
04:38
So I have a sentence here. Let's take a look. 
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡. āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•.
04:41
We were in a dire situation. I have ‘dire’ here. 
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ­āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ¨āĻ• āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛. āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ 'āĻ­āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻŦāĻš' āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
04:47
I’m just going to quickly explain that dire means. very very very bad situation. 
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻļā§āĻ§ā§ āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ–ā§āĻ¯āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ­āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ¨āĻ• āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡. āĻ–ā§āĻŦ āĻ–ā§āĻŦ āĻ–ā§āĻŦ āĻ–āĻžāĻ°āĻžāĻĒ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĨ¤
04:57
We were in a very bad situation.  = We were in a dire situation. 
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ–ā§āĻŦ āĻ–āĻžāĻ°āĻžāĻĒ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻŽāĨ¤ = āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ­āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ¨āĻ• āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛.
05:01
And if you look at theâ€Ļ the purple  part now, this is the collocation. 
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ–āĻ¨â€Ļ āĻŦā§‡āĻ—ā§āĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļāĻŸāĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§‡āĻ¨, āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻšāĻ˛ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ˛ā§‹āĻ•ā§‡āĻļāĻ¨āĨ¤
05:06
I know when I’m talking about a good situation  or a bad situation I know we're always going to  
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ¤āĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻ–āĻžāĻ°āĻžāĻĒ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ›āĻŋ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻĻāĻž
05:12
use this preposition ‘in’. You're “in a situation.” 
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āĻāĻ‡ āĻ…āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ¯āĻŧāĻŸāĻŋ 'āĻ‡āĻ¨' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ "āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡"
05:15
You're not “on a situation.” You're not “at a situation.” 
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ "āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡" āĻ¨āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ "āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡" āĻ¨āĻ¨āĨ¤
05:19
I know it's always going to be in a situation. So with that knowledge, I can create this  
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ¸āĻŦāĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡. āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ‡ āĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āĻ¯ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ‡
05:28
sentence which means the same thing but  we're using our uh prepositional phrase with  
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āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¤ā§ˆāĻ°āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ° āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ āĻœāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¸ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ‰āĻš āĻ…āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ‚āĻļāĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›āĻŋ
05:34
which, so I know the situation in  which we found ourselves was dire. 
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āĻ¯āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ¤āĻŋāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¨āĻŋāĻœā§‡āĻĻā§‡āĻ°āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ–ā§āĻāĻœā§‡ āĻĒā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›āĻŋ āĻ¤āĻž āĻ­āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻŦāĻš āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤
05:42
All right so I know this preposition will be  ‘in’ becauseâ€Ļ because of the word situation.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ…āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ¯āĻŧāĻŸāĻŋ 'āĻ‡āĻ¨' āĻšāĻŦā§‡ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ... āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖā§‡āĨ¤
05:53
Yes, yes, that's how we make the sentence. That's you have to know this collocation to  
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āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ, āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ, āĻāĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡āĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¤ā§ˆāĻ°āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ…āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ¯āĻŧāĻŸāĻŋ 'āĻ‡āĻ¨' āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¤āĻž āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĻ¤ā§‡
06:00
know that this preposition is ‘in’. Let's look at the next one. 
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻŽāĻŋāĻļā§āĻ°āĻŖāĻŸāĻŋ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡ āĨ¤ āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ¨.
06:06
He spoke of politics that day. So speak, past tense, spoke. 
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āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ āĻ°āĻžāĻœāĻ¨ā§€āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨, āĻ…āĻ¤ā§€āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛, āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
06:13
Spoke of a topic. This topic is politics. 
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āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻāĻ‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ°āĻžāĻœāĻ¨ā§€āĻ¤āĻŋāĨ¤
06:19
Now there are two prepositions we could use,  ‘spoke of’ and the other one is ‘spoke about’. 
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ…āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ, 'āĻ¸ā§āĻĒā§‹āĻ• āĻ…āĻĢ' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ āĻšāĻ˛ 'āĻ¸ā§āĻĒā§‹āĻ• āĻ…āĻĢ'āĨ¤
06:26
You speak about a topic so there's two. I chose ‘of’. Why? Because it's my video  
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡. āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ 'āĻāĻ°' āĻŦā§‡āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤ āĻ•ā§‡āĻ¨? āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“
06:33
and you have to follow theâ€Ļ theâ€Ļ the  prepositions I want to work with. 
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸āĻ°āĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡â€Ļ theâ€Ļ āĻ…āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ¯āĻŧāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻžāĻ‡ā§ˇ
06:40
He spoke of politics that day. So I know when we have a topic,  
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āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ āĻ°āĻžāĻœāĻ¨ā§€āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡,
06:45
we're going to ‘speak of’. I know the preposition is ‘of’. 
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡' āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ…āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ¯āĻŧāĻŸāĻŋ 'of'āĨ¤
06:49
So when I’m creating the ‘which’ sentence here,  the topic of which he spoke was politics, so I  
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ 'āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨' āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¤ā§ˆāĻ°āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›āĻŋ, āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻž āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ āĻ°āĻžāĻœāĻ¨ā§€āĻ¤āĻŋ, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ
07:00
know right away it's ‘of’. Can I say, “The topic  
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨āĻ‡ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ 'āĻ…āĻĢ'āĨ¤ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ, “
07:05
about which he spoke was politics? Yes, you can. 
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āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ āĻ°āĻžāĻœāĻ¨ā§€āĻ¤āĻŋ? āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻž, āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‹.
07:10
There's two prepositions when you have a  topic so I could say the topic of which,  
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ…āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨āĻŸāĻŋāĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ,
07:14
I could say the topic about which. Both are okay.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤ āĻĻā§āĻŸā§‹āĻ‡ āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
07:21
Where do you speak? Again, ‘speak’, past tense, spoke. 
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ•ā§‹āĻĨāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨? āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ° 'āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻŋāĻ•', āĻ…āĻ¤ā§€āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛, āĻ¸ā§āĻĒā§‹āĻ•āĨ¤
07:25
I spoke at a noisy party. Okay now it's no longer a  
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻļā§‹āĻ°āĻ—ā§‹āĻ˛ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻŽāĨ¤ āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡ āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ
07:31
topic, uh, we're focusing on the location. Where did you speak at a noisy party and  
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āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ, āĻ†āĻš, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ° āĻĢā§‹āĻ•āĻžāĻ¸ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ˛āĻžāĻšāĻ˛āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ•ā§‹āĻĨāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚
07:39
I know in English when we're talking about a  location, we always use the preposition ‘at’. 
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŋ, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻĻāĻž 'at' āĻ…āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
07:46
Sometimes we use ‘in’ for inside a building but  or inside a classroom but in this case mostâ€Ļ  
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āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨āĻ“ āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨āĻ“ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻĄāĻŋāĻ‚ āĻāĻ° āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¤āĻ°ā§‡ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻŖā§€āĻ•āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ° āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¤āĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ 'āĻ‡āĻ¨' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ¤āĻŦā§‡ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§‡ āĻŦā§‡āĻļāĻŋāĻ°āĻ­āĻžāĻ—...
07:55
most locations are gonna be ‘in’. I’m losing my voice so I spoke at 
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āĻŦā§‡āĻļāĻŋāĻ°āĻ­āĻžāĻ— āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ 'āĻ‡āĻ¨' āĻšāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻŖā§āĻ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ° āĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻĢā§‡āĻ˛āĻ›āĻŋ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ
08:03
I spoke at a convention I spoke at a school. I spoke at um  
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āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻ¨āĻ­ā§‡āĻ¨āĻļāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ•ā§āĻ¤ā§ƒāĻ¤āĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ•ā§āĻ¤ā§ƒāĻ¤āĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋā§ˇ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ‰āĻŽ
08:11
the conference or something like that. So I spoke at a noisy party. 
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āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻŽā§‡āĻ˛āĻ¨ā§‡ āĻŦāĻž āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ°āĻ•āĻŽ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻļā§‹āĻ°āĻ—ā§‹āĻ˛ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ˛āĻžāĻŽāĨ¤
08:16
So I know that that preposition is going to go  with the location so the party at which I spoke  
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ…āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ¯āĻŧāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻŽ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻŸāĻŋ
08:25
was noisy. I know it's going to be ‘at’. 
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āĻļā§‹āĻ°āĻ—ā§‹āĻ˛ āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻŸāĻž 'āĻ' āĻšāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
08:31
We drove to a town 50 kilometers away. drove to drive, past tense, drove. 
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 50 āĻ•āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‹āĻŽāĻŋāĻŸāĻžāĻ° āĻĻā§‚āĻ°ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻļāĻšāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ—āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻŽāĨ¤ āĻĄā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ‡āĻ­ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž, āĻ…āĻ¤ā§€āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛, āĻĄā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ‡āĻ­ āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĨ¤
08:38
You go to you, move to you,  travel to you, drive to. 
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āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¤ā§‹āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻ›ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ“, āĻ¤ā§‹āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻ›ā§‡ āĻšāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ“, āĻ¤ā§‹āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻ›ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ“, āĻ—āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻ“āĨ¤
08:44
I know it's the preposition ‘to’. We drove to a town 50 kilometers away. 
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻŸāĻž 'to' āĻ…āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 50 āĻ•āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‹āĻŽāĻŋāĻŸāĻžāĻ° āĻĻā§‚āĻ°ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻļāĻšāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ—āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻŽāĨ¤
08:50
The town to which we drove was 50 kilometers away. I know it's gonna be ‘to’ because we ‘drive to’. 
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻļāĻšāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ—āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻŽ āĻ¤āĻž 50 āĻ•āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‹āĻŽāĻŋāĻŸāĻžāĻ° āĻĻā§‚āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻšāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡ 'āĻŸā§' āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'āĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ‡'āĨ¤
09:01
And the last example here. A little more difficult. 
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ. āĻāĻ•āĻŸā§ āĻŦā§‡āĻļāĻŋ āĻ•āĻ āĻŋāĻ¨āĨ¤
09:06
We broke free from the tight chains. So you gotta imagine chains or rope  
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻļāĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•āĻ˛ āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻŽā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻ˛ā§āĻĒāĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•āĻ˛ āĻŦāĻž āĻĻāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ
09:12
tying you together. And you're trapped. 
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻŦā§‡āĻāĻ§ā§‡ āĻ°ā§‡āĻ–ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻ†āĻ° āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ†āĻŸāĻ•āĻž āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤
09:14
And then in English, we say you break free the  tight chains, um, so I know thatâ€Ļ that's the com  
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ†āĻāĻŸāĻ¸āĻžāĻāĻŸ āĻšā§‡āĻ‡āĻ¨āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ­ā§‡āĻ™ā§‡ āĻĢā§‡āĻ˛ā§āĻ¨, āĻ‰āĻŽ, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¯ā§‡... āĻāĻŸāĻžāĻ‡ com
09:27
the preposition here is going to be ‘from’. We break free from. 
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āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ…āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ¯āĻŧāĻŸāĻŋ 'āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡' āĻšāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŽā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻšāĻ‡āĨ¤
09:32
Uh, you, we could break maybe I’m working  a nine to five job and I’m very sad,  
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āĻ“āĻš, āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¤ā§‹ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻāĻšāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›āĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ–ā§āĻŦ āĻĻā§āĻƒāĻ–āĻŋāĻ¤,
09:37
I can break free from that lifestyle, but it's  always ‘break free from’, so I know it's ‘from’. 
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ‡ āĻœā§€āĻŦāĻ¨āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻŽā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ, āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻĻāĻž 'āĻŦā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻ• āĻĢā§āĻ°āĻŋ āĻĢā§āĻ°āĻŽ', āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ 'āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡'āĨ¤
09:45
So the chains from which  we broke free we're tight.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•āĻ˛āĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŽā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›āĻŋ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻļāĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ—ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
09:53
All right. So  
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡. āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡
09:56
I’m going to talk about commas now. Here, I like commas you know from other videos. 
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻŽāĻž āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋ. āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“ āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŽāĻž āĻĒāĻ›āĻ¨ā§āĻĻ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
10:05
So normally Iâ€Ļ Iâ€Ļ I like to put  commas here and here because ‘the  
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ... āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ... āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŽāĻž āĻ˛āĻžāĻ—āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻ›āĻ¨ā§āĻĻ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ 'āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ¤āĻŋ
10:11
situation was dire’ is the main sentence. And we're adding some extra information  
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āĻ­āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻŦāĻš āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛' āĻŽā§‚āĻ˛ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĨ¤ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ…āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ°āĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻ¤āĻĨā§āĻ¯ āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›āĻŋ
10:18
but with uh phrasal or prepositional  phrases using which no commas. 
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āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ‰āĻš phrasal āĻŦāĻž prepositional āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ‚āĻļ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻŽāĻž āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ‡āĨ¤
10:27
That's the rule. We don't put commas if you have ‘in which’. 
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āĻāĻŸāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŽāĨ¤ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ 'āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨āĻŸāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡' āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻšāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻŽāĻž āĻ˛āĻžāĻ—āĻžāĻŦ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
10:30
No commas. I prefer commas, but the rule  
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āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ā§‹ āĻ•āĻŽāĻž āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ‡āĨ¤ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŽāĻž āĻĒāĻ›āĻ¨ā§āĻĻ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ, āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŽāĻŸāĻŋ
10:35
is no commas so I’m going to teach the rule. I’m going to follow the rule - no commas. 
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āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻŽāĻž āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŽāĻŸāĻŋ āĻļā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŽ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸āĻ°āĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋ - āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻŽāĻž āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ‡āĨ¤
10:39
If we have, uh, sentences using just  ‘which’, we're going to use commas,  
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āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻ›ā§‡ āĻļā§āĻ§ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° 'āĻ¯āĻž' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡, āĻ¤āĻžāĻšāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻŽāĻž āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋ,
10:47
but this video is not talking about just  ‘which’, we're talking about preposition which  
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āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻŸāĻŋ āĻļā§āĻ§ā§ 'āĻ¯āĻž' āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻž, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ…āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ¯āĻŧ-āĻāĻ° āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ›āĻŋ āĻ¯āĻž
10:53
these prepositional phrases - no commas. So each sentence here, I did not put a comma. 
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āĻāĻ‡ āĻ…āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ‚āĻļāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ - āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻŽāĻž āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ‡āĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŽāĻž āĻ˛āĻžāĻ—āĻžāĻ‡āĻ¨āĻŋ.
11:00
And you might be thinking, well you know I  understand this sentence Robin and this sentence  
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¤ā§‹ āĻ­āĻžāĻŦāĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨, āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒā§‡āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋ āĻ°āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ
11:07
is a little bit difficult for me to make myself. I understand that as I told you earlier  
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āĻ¨āĻŋāĻœā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¤ā§ˆāĻ°āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§āĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻ āĻŋāĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒā§‡āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ—ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋ
11:13
this is a basic video so the  homework is a little bit easier. 
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āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽā§ŒāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ• āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻœāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸā§ āĻ¸āĻšāĻœāĨ¤
11:19
All you have to do with this  homework is add the prepositions. 
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āĻāĻ‡ āĻšā§‹āĻŽāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡ āĻ¤āĻž āĻšāĻ˛ āĻ…āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĨ¤
11:23
So you got to think about what's  happening, add the prepositions here, and  
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ˜āĻŸāĻ›ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻž āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ­āĻžāĻŦāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡, āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ…āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚
11:30
post it in the comments below, and I’ll check it. All right that's the homework. 
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āĻ¨ā§€āĻšā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§‹āĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒāĻ°ā§€āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦāĨ¤ āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻšā§‹āĻŽāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•.
11:34
Good luck and I’ll see you in the next video. And until then, uh, please do your homework.
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