English Sounds - T [t] and D [d] Consonants - How to make the T and D Consonants

675,719 views ใƒป 2016-10-20

Rachel's English


ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ.

00:00
In this American English Pronunciation video,
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ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ู„ูุธ ุงู„ุงู†ูƒู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุจุงู„ู„ู‡ุฌุฉ ุงู„ุงู…ูŠุฑูƒูŠุฉุŒ
00:03
we're going to study how to make the T and D consonant sounds.
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ุณูˆู ู†ุฏุฑุณ ูƒูŠู ู†ู„ูุธ ุงู„ู€ T ูˆุงู„ู€ D.
00:16
These two sounds are paired together because they take the same mouth position.
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ูŠุชู… ุฅู‚ุฑุงู† ู‡ุฐูŠู† ุงู„ุตูˆุชูŠู† ู…ุนู‹ุง ู„ุฃู†ู‡ู…ุง ูŠุฃุฎุฐุงู† ู†ูุณ ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ูู….
00:21
Tt-- is unvoiced.
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ู‡ูŠ ุณุงูƒู†ุฉ Tt
00:24
Meaning only air passes through the mouth.
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ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู† ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ูู‚ุท ูŠู…ุฑู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ูู….
00:27
And dd-- is voiced.
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ูˆุงู„ู€ D ู‡ูŠ ู…ู„ููˆุธุฉ
00:31
Meaning, dd-- you make a sound with the vocal chords.
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ูŠุนู†ูŠ: D. ุชุตุฏุฑ ุตูˆุช ุจุงู„ุงูˆุชุงุฑ ุงู„ุตูˆุชูŠุฉ
00:37
These consonants are complicated because the way Americans pronounce them
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุฑูˆู ุงู„ุณุงูƒู†ุฉ ู…ุนู‚ุฏุฉุŒ ุจุณุจุจ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠู„ูุธู‡ุง ุจู‡ุง ุงู„ุงู…ูŠุฑูŠูƒูŠูŠู†ุŒ
00:42
isn't always what you'll find in a dictionary.
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ูˆู„ุง ุชุฌุฏู‡ุง ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุจุงู„ู‚ุงู…ูˆุณ
00:46
First, let's talk about the true pronunciation.
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ุงูˆู„ุงุŒ ู„ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ู„ูุธ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุŒ
00:50
These are stop consonants which means there are two parts.
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ู‡ุฐู‡ : Stop Consonants
ู…ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู† ู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ ุฌุฒุฆูŠู†
00:55
First, a stop in the airflow, and second, a release.
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ุงูˆู„ุง: ุชูˆู‚ู ููŠ ุชุฏูู‚ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก.
ุซุงู†ูŠุง: ุงูู„ุงุช ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก
01:00
We stop here, by closing the vocal chords.,
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ู†ุชูˆู‚ู ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ุจุงู‚ูุงู„ ุงู„ุงูˆุชุงุฑ ุงู„ุตูˆุชูŠุฉ.
01:03
and lift the tongue so the flat, top part is at the roof of the mouth
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ูˆู†ุฑูุน ุงู„ู„ุณุงู†ุŒ ุญุชู‰ุŒ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุทุญุฉ ุงู„ุนู„ูŠุฉุŒ ุชุตู„ ุงู„ู‰ ุณู‚ู ุงู„ูู….
01:09
It's far forward, almost touching the back of the top front teeth.
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ุงู†ู‡ุง ุชุชู‚ุฏู… ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงู…ุงู…ุŒ ุญุชู‰ ุชูƒุงุฏ ุชู„ู…ุณ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฎู„ููŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุงู…ุงู…ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุณู†ุงู†
01:14
The teeth come together and we release all three parts at once.
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ุงู„ุงุณู†ุงู† ุชู†ุถู… ู…ุนุงุŒ ูˆู†ุฑุฎูŠ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุงู„ุงุฌุฒุงุก ู…ุนุง
01:19
The tongue comes down from the roof of the mouth,
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ุงู„ู„ุณุงู† ูŠู†ุฒู„ ุงู„ู‰ ุชุญุชุŒ ู…ู† ุณู‚ู ุงู„ูู…ุŒ
01:22
the teeth part,
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ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุงุณู†ุงู†ุŒ
01:24
and we release the air in the throat
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ูˆู†ุญู„ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ููŠ ุญู†ุฌุฑุฉ.
01:28
Tt---
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01:30
Dd---
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01:32
Just like with other stop consonants,
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ูƒู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุงุญุฑู ุงู„ุณุงูƒู†ุฉ ู„ู„ุชูˆู‚ู
01:35
we want to release them into the next sound.
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ู†ุฑูŠุฏ ุงู† ู†ุฑุฎูŠู‡ู… ู„ู„ุตูˆุช ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ.
01:38
Let's look at the true T and D consonants
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ู„ู†ู†ุธุฑ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ T ูˆุงู„ู€ D ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุชุงู† ุงู„ุญุฑูˆู ุงู„ุณุงูƒู†ุฉ
01:42
up close and in slow motion.
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ุนู† ู‚ุฑุจุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ุจุทูŠุฆุฉ.
01:45
The teeth come together and the top , front part of the tongue is at the roof of the mouth.
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ุงู„ุงุณู†ุงู† ุชู‚ุชุฑุจ ู…ู† ุจุนุถู‡ุงุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุงู…ุงู…ูŠ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ุณุงู†ุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุงูุฉ ุงู„ูู…
01:50
The air stops in the throat.
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ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ูŠุชูˆู‚ู ููŠ ุงู„ุญู†ุฌุฑุฉุŒ
01:52
Then the teeth part and the tongue pulls down to release.
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ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ุงุณู†ุงู† ุชุชุจุงุนุฏุŒ ูˆุงู„ู„ุณุงู† ูŠู†ุฎูุถ ู„ูŠุณุฑุจ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก.
01:57
The word 'desk'.
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ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ: desk
02:00
The teeth closed and the tongue is at the roof of the mouth.
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ุงู„ุงุณู†ุงู† ุชู‚ูู„ุŒ ูˆุงู„ู„ุณุงู† ุนู„ู‰ ุณู‚ู ุงู„ูู….
02:03
Then everything releases right into the EH as in Bed vowel.
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ูˆุจุนุฏู‡ุง ูƒู„ู‡ู… ูŠุฑุฎูˆู† ู„ูŠุณุฑุจูˆุง ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุกุŒ ูƒู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฑู ุจู€ Bed
02:11
The word 'stick'.
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ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ: stickุŒ
02:13
The teeth close and the tongue is at the roof of the mouth.
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ุงู„ุงุณู†ุงู† ุชุบู„ู‚ ูˆุงู„ู„ุณุงู† ุนู„ู‰ ุณู‚ู ุงู„ูู…ุŒ
02:16
Then everything releases right into the IH as in Sit vowel.
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ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ูƒู„ ุดูŠ ูŠุฑุฎูŠ ุนู†ุฏ "ุงู„ุงูŠ" ูƒู…ุง ุงู„ุญุฑู ุงู„ุณุงูƒู† ููŠ sit
02:24
The word 'expect'.
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ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ expectุŒ
02:26
The teeth nearly close and the tongue is at the roof of the mouth.
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ุงู„ุงุณู†ุงู† ุชูƒุงุฏ ุชุบู„ู‚ุŒ ูˆุงู„ู„ุณุงู† ุนู„ู‰ ุณู‚ู ุงู„ูู…
02:31
Then the teeth release just a bit.
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ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ุงุณู†ุงู† ุชุฑุฎูŠ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุง ูู‚ุทุŒ
02:34
There's no next sound to release into.
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ู„ูŠุณ ู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ ุตูˆุช ุงุฎุฑ ู„ุชู†ุชู‚ู„ ุงู„ูŠู‡.
02:38
So the movement is minimal for the release.
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุฌุฏุง ู„ู„ุชุตุฑูŠู.
02:40
The tongue releases down.
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ุงู„ู„ุณุงู† ูŠุฑุฎูŠ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุณูู„.
ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู† ู†ู„ูุธ ุงู„ู€ D ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ
02:44
It's possible to make the true D without the teeth coming together.
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ุจุฏูˆู† ุงู† ุชุฌุชู…ุน ุงู„ุงุณู†ุงู† ู…ุน ุจุนุถู‡ุง.
02:49
Said. Dd-- dd---
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said
02:54
Because of the voice in this sound, we can still release it.
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ุจุณุจุจ ุงู„ู„ูุธุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุตูˆุช ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงู† ู†ุทู„ู‚ู‡ุง
02:59
Said. Dd--
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said
03:02
But to make the True T,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู„ู†ู„ูุธ ุงู„T ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉุŒ
03:04
the teeth do have to come together or nearly together.
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ุงู„ุงุณู†ุงู† ูŠุฌุจ ุงู† ุชู„ุงู…ุณ ุจุนุถู‡ุงุŒ ุงูˆ ุงู† ุชูƒุงุฏ ุงู† ุชู„ุงู…ุณ ุจุนุถู‡ุงุŒ
03:09
Set. Tt--
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set
03:13
That was the True T and True D.
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู€ T ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ู€ D ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ.
03:17
If the T or D are at the end of a sentence,
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ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู€ T ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ D ููŠ ุขุฎุฑ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉุŒ
03:21
or if the next word begins with a consonant,
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ุงูˆ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุฉ ุชุจุฏุงุก ุจุญุฑู ุณุงูƒู†ุŒ
03:24
then you make a Stop T or Stop D.
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ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ู†ู„ูุธ : T ุงู„ุชูˆู‚ู ูˆุงู„ู€ D ุงู„ุชูˆู‚ู
03:28
We stop the air, but we don't release it.
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ู†ูˆู‚ู ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ู„ูƒู† ู„ุง ู†ุทู„ู‚ู‡.
03:32
You lift your tongue into position,
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ุชุฑูุน ู„ุณุงู†ูƒ ุงู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุถุนู‡ุŒ
03:35
stop the air, and that's it.
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ุชูˆู‚ู ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุกุŒ ูˆูƒูู‰.
03:38
For example, the word 'mad', dd---
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ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ: mad
03:43
Mad-d-d-d--
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mad
03:46
Notice the last sound is d--
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ู„ุงุญุธ ุงู† ุขุฎุฑ ุตูˆุช ู‡ูˆ
03:51
The beginning of the D, dd--
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ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ D
03:55
with the vocal chords engaged because it's a voiced consonant.
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ู…ุน ุชุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ุงูˆุชุงุฑ ุงู„ุตูˆุชูŠุฉุŒ ู„ุงู†ู‡ ุตูˆุช ู„ุญุฑู ุณุงูƒู†.
04:00
I don't release.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ ุดูŠุฆุŒ ู„ุง ุงุฑุฎูŠ.
04:03
A release would sound like this: mad-dd--
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ุงุฐุง ุงุฑุฎูŠู†ุง ูŠุตุฏุฑ ุตูˆุชุง ู…ุซู„ ู‡ุฐุง:
04:09
But instead, I say, mad-dd--
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ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุญูŠู† ุฃู‚ูˆู„ : mad
04:13
leaving my tongue tip up.
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ุชุงุฑูƒุง ุฑุงุณ ู„ุณุงู†ูŠ ููˆู‚.
04:16
Now, let's look at an example with a T followed by another consonant.
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ุงู„ุงู† ู„ู†ุฑู‰ ู…ุซู„ุง ุญูŠุช ุงู„ู€T ูŠุงุชูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุญุฑู ุณุงูƒู† ุขุฎุฑ.
04:21
The phrase "not for me".
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ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ: not for me
04:24
Here, the T is followed by F.
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ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ T ูŠุชุจุนู‡ุง ุญุฑู F.
04:27
I stop the air, not--
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ุงูˆู‚ู ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุกุŒ
04:31
And then with out releasing, go into the F sound.
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ูˆุจุนุฏู‡ุงุŒ ุจุฏูˆู† ุงู† ุงุฑุฎูŠุŒ ุงุฐู‡ุจ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุฑู F.
04:35
Not--for... not for me.
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04:38
With stop consonants, we do stop the air in the throat.
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ู…ุน ุงู„ุญุฑูˆู ุงู„ุณุงูƒู†ุฉ ู„ู„ุชูˆู‚ูุŒ ู†ูˆู‚ู ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ููŠ ุงู„ุญู†ุฌุฑุฉ.
04:43
So I don't have to move my tongue up into position for the T to stop the sound.
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ูŠุณ ุนู„ูŠ ุงู† ุงุญุฑูƒ ู„ุณุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุนู„ู‰ุŒ ู„ูˆุถุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€TุŒ ู„ุงูŠู‚ุงู ุงู„ุตูˆุช.
04:49
In this phrase, "not for me",
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ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ
04:53
I touch the roof of the mouth with a part of the tongue that's further back.
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ุงู„ู…ุณ ุณู‚ู ูู…ูŠ ุจุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ู„ุณุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุฑุงุก.
04:58
Not--
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05:01
My tongue tip can stay down.
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ุฑุงุณ ู„ุณุงู†ูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุชุญุช.
05:04
This helps me make the stop even shorter.
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ู‡ุฐุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ูŠ ุงู† ุงุฌุนู„ ุงู„ุชูˆู‚ู ุญุชู‰ ุงู‚ุตุฑ.
05:07
So I can quickly go in to the next sound.
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ุญุชู‰ ุงุชู…ูƒู† ุงู† ุงู†ุชู‚ู„ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตูˆุช ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ.
05:10
Not for-- Not for--
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05:14
I'll bring my tongue up for the Stop T if the next sound
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ุงุฑูุน ู„ุณุงู†ูŠ ู„ู„ุงุนู„ู‰ ู„ ุชุงุก ุงู„ุชูˆู‚ู ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุญุฑู ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
05:18
also requires the tongue being at the roof of the mouth.
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ูŠุชุทู„ุจ ุงูŠุถุง ุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู„ุณุงู† ุนู„ู‰ ุณู‚ู ุงู„ูู…
05:22
When I say "not for me",
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„:
05:26
instead of "noT for me".
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ุนูˆุถุง ุนู†:
05:29
The words are more connected and the sentence is smoother.
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ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ู…ุชุตู„ุฉ ุงูƒุซุฑุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ุฃู†ุนู….
05:33
That's what we want in American English.
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ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ู†ุฑูŠุฏู‡ ุจุงู„ู„ู‡ุฌุฉ ุงู„ุงู…ูŠุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ.
05:36
And that's why we use the Stop T instead of the True T in these cases.
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ูˆู„ู‡ุฐุง ู†ุณุชุนู…ู„ ุชุงุก ุงู„ุชูˆู‚ูุŒ ุจุฏู„ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุงุก ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉุŒ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช.
05:42
Not for me.
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05:48
Let's look at a stop up close and in slow motion.
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ู„ู†ู„ู‚ ู†ุธุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุชูˆู‚ูุŒ ุนู† ู‚ุฑูŠุจ ูˆููŠ ุณุฑุนุฉ ุจุทูŠุฆุฉ.
05:53
Here's the word 'what'.
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ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ : what
05:56
I don't release the T at the end.
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ู„ุง ุงุฑุฎูŠ ุงู„ุชุงุก ุจุงู„ุงุฎุฑ.
05:59
The tongue goes to the roof of the mouth.
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ุงู„ู„ุณุงู† ูŠุฐู‡ุจ ุงู„ู‰ ุณู‚ู ุงู„ูู….
06:01
But then I just stop the air.
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ูˆุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุงูˆู‚ู ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ูู‚ุท.
06:04
My teeth aren't together and I don't release.
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ุงุณู†ุงู†ูŠ ู„ูŠุณุช ู…ุชุตู„ุฉ ุจุจุนุถู‡ุงุŒ ูˆู„ุง ุงุฑุฎูŠ.
06:08
The lips simply close: what--
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ุงู„ุดูุงู‡ ุชู‚ูู„ ุจุจุณุงุทุฉ.
06:12
Here's what it looks like with a True T.
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ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุจุชุงุก ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ.
06:15
The teeth come together, then a sudden release.
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ุงู„ุงุณู†ุงู† ุชุชู‚ุงุฑุจุŒ ูˆุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุงุทู„ุงู‚ ุณุฑูŠุน.
06:20
Compare the ending. The top is 'what' with a Stop T.
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ู‚ุงุฑู† ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุงุช. ููˆู‚ ู‡ูˆ ูˆุงุชุŒ ุจุชุงุก ุชูˆู‚ู.
06:25
And the bottom is 'what' with a True T.
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ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุงุณูู„ุŒ ูˆุงุช ู…ุน ุชุงุก ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ.
06:28
For the Stop T, the teeth don't come together
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ู„ุชุงุก ุงู„ุชูˆู‚ูุŒ ุงู„ุงุณู†ุงู† ู„ุง ุชุชู‚ุงุฑุจ ู…ุนุง
06:31
because they don't need to release.
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ู„ุงู†ู‡ุง ู„ูŠุณุช ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู† ุชุตุฑู.
06:34
The air simply stops with the tongue in position.
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ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ูŠุชูˆู‚ู ูู‚ุท ู…ุน ุงู„ู„ุณุงู† ุจุงู„ู…ูˆุถุน.
06:38
For the True T, we bring the teeth together so the tongue, teeth, and air release.
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ู„ู„ุชุงุก ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉุŒ ู†ู‚ุฑุจ ุงู„ุงุณู†ุงู† ู„ุจุนุถู‡ุงุŒ ุญุชู‰ ูŠุฑุฎูŠ ุงู„ู„ุณุงู† ูˆุงู„ุงุณู†ุงู† ูˆุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก.
06:46
The Stop T and D relate to the True T and D.
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ุชุงุก ุงู„ุชูˆู‚ูุŒ ูˆุงู„"ุฏูŠ"ุŒ ุชุฑุชุจุทุงู† ุจุงู„ุชุงุก ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ู€ "ุฏูŠ".
06:51
We simply skip the release.
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ูู‚ุท ู†ุชุฎุทู‰ ุงู„ุชุตุฑูŠู
06:54
But when the T or D come between 2 vowels or diphthongs,
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ู„ูƒู† ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุงู„ุชุงุก ุงู… ุงู„ "ุฏูŠ" ูŠุงุชูŠุงู† ุจูŠู† ุณุงูƒู†ูŠู†ุŒ ุงูˆ ุญุฑูุงู† ูŠูƒุชุจุงู† ู…ุน ุจุนุถ.
06:58
or after an R and before a vowel or diphthong,
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ุงูˆ ุจุนุฏ R ุŒ ุงูˆ ู‚ุจู„ ุญุฑู ู…ุชุญุฑูƒุŒ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุญุฑูุงู† ุงู„ู…ุชุตู„ุงู†.
07:02
we make a different sound.
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ู†ุนู…ู„ ุตูˆุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุŒ
07:04
One exception, if the T or D starts a stressed syllable,
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ุจุงุณุชุซู†ุงุก ูˆุงุญุฏ. ุงุฐุง ุงู„ู€ T ุงูˆ ุงู„ D ูŠุจุฏุฆุงู† ุจุชู‚ุงุทุน ู…ุดุฏุฏ.
07:10
then it's a True T or D.
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ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ "ุชูŠ " ูˆ"ุฏูŠ" ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุชุงู†.
07:13
But in other cases, when the T or D consonants come between two vowels or diphthongs,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ุงู„ุญุฑูุงู† ุงู„ุณุงูƒู†ุงู†"ุชูŠ" ูˆุงู„ "ุฏูŠ" ูŠุงุชูŠุงู† ุจูŠู† ุงุซู†ุชุงู† ู…ุชุญุฑูƒุงู† ูˆ ุงู„ุงุญุฑู ุงู„ู…ุชุตู„ุฉ.
07:20
or after an R and before a vowel or diphthong,
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ุงูˆ ุจุนุฏ "ุงุฑ" ู‚ุจู„ ุญุฑู ู…ุชุญุฑูƒ.
07:23
we make a flap sound.
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ู†ุนู…ู„ ุตูˆุช ุฑูุฑูุฉ.
07:27
This is different from the True and Stop T and D
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ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุฎุชู„ู ุนู† ุงู„ T ูˆุงู„ D ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุชูŠู†ุŒ
07:30
because we don't stop the sound, we don't hold anything.
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ู„ุงู†ู†ุง ู„ุง ู†ูˆู‚ู ุงู„ุตูˆุชุŒ ู„ุง ู†ูƒุจุช ุดูŠุฆ.
07:35
We simply let the front part of the tongue bounce against the roof of the mouth
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ุงู†ู†ุง ูู‚ุท ุจุจุณุงุทุฉุŒ ู†ุถุน ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุงู…ุงู…ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ุณุงู†ุŒ ูŠุฑุชุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุงู…ุงู…ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ูู….
07:40
without stopping the flow of the air.
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ุจุฏูˆู† ุงู† ูŠูˆู‚ู ุชุฏูู‚ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก.
07:43
The Flap T and Flap D sound the same.
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ุงู„ T ูˆุงู„ D ุงู„ู…ุฑูุฑูุชุงู†ุŒ ูŠูƒูˆู†ุงู† ู…ุชุดุงุจู‡ุชุงู†.
07:47
The Flap T and Flap D sound the same. The T in 'matter', is the same as the D in 'madder'.
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ุงู„ T ููŠ matterุŒ ู‡ูŠ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ูƒุงู„ู€ D ููŠ madder.
07:54
Matter. Madder.
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07:58
This sounds just like the R in many languages.
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ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุดุงุจู‡ ุงู„ุตูˆุช R ููŠ ุนุฏุฉ ู„ุบุงุช.
08:02
But in American English, it's the Flap T or Flap D.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ุงู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู…ูŠุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉุŒ ุงู†ุง ุงู„ T ุฃูˆ D ุงู„ู…ุฑูุฑูุชุงู†.
08:07
In my videos, I use the D symbol for this sound.
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ููŠ ููŠุฏูŠูˆู‡ุงุชูŠุŒ ุงู†ุง ุงุณุชุนู…ู„ ุฑู…ุฒ ุงู„ d ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุตูˆุช.
08:11
This sound, however, isn't a stop consonant anymore.
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ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุตูˆุช ู„ูŠุณ ุญุฑู ุณุงูƒู† ู…ุชูˆู‚ู ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุงู†.
08:15
Let's look at some words with a flap up close and in slow motion.
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ู„ู†ู„ู‚ ู†ุธุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฑูุฑูุฉุŒ ูˆู†ู†ุธุฑ ู„ู‡ุง ุนู† ู‚ุฑุจ ูˆุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุจุทูŠุฆุฉ.
08:21
The word 'city'. Here the T comes between two vowel sounds so it's a flap.
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ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ cityุŒ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„t ุชุงุชูŠ ุจูŠู† ุญุฑููŠู† ุณุงูƒู†ูŠู†. ูุงุฐุง ุงู†ุง ู…ุฑูุฑูุฉ.
08:27
The tongue is in position for the IH vowel.
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ุงู„ู„ุณุงู† ููŠ ูˆุถุน ู„ุญุฑู ุงู„ู€" ุงูŠ"
08:31
Watch how it flaps against the roof of the mouth quickly.
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ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ูƒูŠู ุชุฑูุฑู ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ููŠ ุณู‚ู ุงู„ูู….
08:35
The air doesn't stop.
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ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ู„ุง ูŠุชูˆู‚ู.
08:37
mouth quickly. The air doesn't stop. That flap was fast even in slow motion.
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฑูุฑูุฉ ุณุฑูŠุนุฉุŒ ุญุชู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ุณุฑุนุฉ ุงู„ุจุทูŠุฆุฉ.
08:41
Let's watch again.
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ู„ู†ุฑุงู‡ุง ู…ู† ุฌุฏูŠุฏ.
08:45
The whole word one more time.
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ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุจูƒุงู…ู„ู‡ุงุŒ ู…ุฑุฉ ุงุฎุฑู‰.
08:50
The word 'party'. Here, the T comes after an R and before a vowel.
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ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ partyุŒ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ T ุชุงุชูŠ ุจุนุฏ R ูˆู‚ุจู„ ู…ุชุญุฑูƒุฉ.
08:55
So it's a flap. The tongue is back and up for the R.
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ู„ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠ ุฑูุฑูุฉ. ุงู„ู„ุณุงู† ู…ุชุฑุงุฌุน ูˆู…ุฑุชูุน ู„ู„ู€ R
08:59
Watch it flap.
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ู„ุงุญุธูˆู‡ุง ุชุฑูุฑู.
09:02
And come down from the flap.
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ูˆุชู†ุฒู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑูุฑูุฉ.
09:05
The air didn't stop. Watch the whole word one more time.
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ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ู„ู… ูŠุชูˆู‚ู. ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ุงุฎุฑู‰.
09:12
The word 'tidy'. Here, the D comes after a diphthong and before a vowel
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ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ tidyุŒ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ d ุชุงุชูŠ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุญุฑูุงู† ูˆู‚ุจู„ ุญุฑู ู…ุชุญุฑูƒ.
09:17
so it's a Flap D, watch the tongue flap.
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ูุงุฐุง ุงู†ุง d ู…ุฑูุฑูุฉ. ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุงู„ู„ุณุงู† ูŠุฑูุฑู.
09:23
The whole word one more time.
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ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ุงุฎุฑู‰.
09:28
To isolate the sound, try holding out the sound before and after.
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ู„ุนุฒู„ ุงู„ุตูˆุชุŒ ุญุงูˆู„ ุงู† ุชูˆุงุตู„ ุจุงู„ุตูˆุช ู‚ุจู„ ูˆุจุนุฏ.
09:34
Party.
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09:39
Then you can really feel the tongue flap bouncing against the roof of the mouth.
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ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุงู† ุชุดุนุฑ ูุนู„ุง ุจุงู„ู„ุณุงู† ูŠุฑูุฑู. ูŠุฑุชุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุณู‚ู ุงู„ูู….
09:44
Remember, this isn't represented in dictionaries.
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ุชุฐูƒุฑุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ูŠุณ ู…ุฒูƒูˆุฑุง ุจุงู„ู‚ูˆุงู…ูŠุณ.
09:48
They will show the symbol for the True T: Party.
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ุณูˆู ูŠุฑูˆู†ูƒ ุฑู…ุฒ ุงู„ t ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ.
09:52
Even though Americans pronounce it 'party'.
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ุญุชู‰ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุงู…ูŠุฑูŠูƒูŠูŠู† ูŠู„ูุธูˆู†ู‡ุง "ุจุงุฑุฏูŠ"
09:56
So remember the rule.
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ูุงุฐุง ุชุฐูƒุฑ ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ.
09:58
When a T or D comes between vowels and diphthongs,
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุงู„ t ุงูˆ ุงู„ d ุชุงุชูŠุงู† ุจูŠู† ุญุฑู ุนู„ุฉ ูˆู…ุฑูƒุจุฉ.
10:02
or after an R before a vowel or diphthong, like 'party',
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ุงูˆ ุจุนุฏ RุŒ ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุชุญุฑูƒ ุงูˆ ู…ุฑูƒุจุฉ. ู…ุซู„
10:08
unless it starts a stressed syllable, flap the tongue.
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ุงู„ู„ุง ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุชุจุฏุงุก ุจู€ุชู‚ุทูŠุน ู…ุดุฏุฏ. ุงุฐุง ุฑูุฑู ุงู„ู„ุณุงู†.
10:14
Sometimes, we drop the T or D completely.
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ุงุญูŠุงู†ุง ู†ุชุฎู„ู‰ ุนู† ุงู„T ูˆุงู„ D ุจุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„.
10:17
We leave the sounds out. This is an American habit.
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ู†ุชุฑูƒ ุงู„ุตูˆุช ุจุฏูˆู† ุงุณุชุนู…ุงู„. ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู…ูŠุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ.
10:21
If you look up the words in the dictionary, the sounds are there.
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ุงุฐุง ุจุญุซุช ุนู† ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุงู…ูˆุณุŒ ุงู„ุงุตูˆุงุช ู‡ู†ุงูƒ.
10:26
There are two cases when you might hear an American drop a T or D.
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุญุงู„ุชูŠู† ุญูŠุซ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู† ุชุณู…ุน ุงู…ูŠุฑูŠูƒูŠุŒ ูŠุณู‚ุท T ุงูˆ D
10:33
First, when the T or D comes between two consonant sounds.
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ุงูˆู„ุงุŒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุงู„ T ุงูˆ ุงู„ D ุชุงุชูŠุงู† ุจูŠู† ุณุงูƒู†ุชูŠู†.
10:38
For example, 'exactly'.
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ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ Exactly
10:41
This word has the K, T, L consonants together.
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ c t l ุงู„ุณุงูƒู†ูŠู† ู…ุนุง.
10:46
But most people pronounce it without the T.
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ู„ูƒู† ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูŠู„ูุธูˆู†ู‡ุง ุจุฏูˆู† ุงู„ T
10:49
Exactly.
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exactly
10:51
Full pronunciation: exactly.
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ุงู„ู„ูุธุฉ ุงู„ุงุตู„ูŠุฉ
10:55
Common pronunciation: exactly.
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ุงู„ู„ูุธุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุจุนุฉ
10:59
Dropping the T between two consonants simplifies the pronunciation.
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ุงุณู‚ุงุท ุงู„ T ุจูŠู† ุญุฑููŠู† ุณุงูƒู†ูŠู†ุŒ ูŠุจุณุท ุงู„ู„ูุธ.
11:05
Also, we often drop the T when it comes after an N.
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ุงูŠุถุง ู†ุณู‚ุท ุงู„ู€ T ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชุงุชูŠ ุจุนุฏ N
11:10
Many Americans say 'cenner' instead of 'center'.
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ุนุฏุฉ ุงู…ูŠุฑูŠูƒูŠูŠู† ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู†: "cenner" ุจุฏู„ : "Center".
11:16
Or 'innerview' instead of 'interview'.
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ุงูˆ "innerview" ุจุฏู„ "interview".
11:23
This is a big topic.
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ู‡ุฐุง ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ูƒุจูŠุฑ.
11:25
I have a whole series of videos on the pronunciation of T and D which you can find on my website.
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ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงูู„ุงู… ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู„ูุธ T ูˆ D. ุชุฌุฏูˆู†ู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูˆู‚ุนูŠ.
11:33
The True T and D sounds.
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ุงู„ T ูˆุงู„ D ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุชูŠู†.
11:37
Desk
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11:39
Stick
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11:42
Expect
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11:44
Stop T and D.
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ุงู„ T ูˆุงู„ D ุงู„ู…ุชูˆู‚ูุฉ.
11:47
Mad
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11:49
Not
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11:51
What
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11:54
The Flap T and D
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ุงู„ T ูˆุงู„ D ุงู„ู…ุฑูุฑูุฉ.
11:57
City
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11:59
Party
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12:01
Tidy
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12:04
Example words. Repeat with me:
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ู…ุซุงู„ ูƒู„ู…ุงุช. ุฑุฏุฏ ู…ุนูŠ:
12:07
Best. Tt-- Best.
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12:15
Time. Tt-- Time.
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12:24
Do. Dd-- do.
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12:33
Odd. --dd. Odd.
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12:40
There is no way to make a Stop T sound on its own
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ู„ูŠุณ ู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู„ุชูˆู‚ู T ู„ูˆุญุฏู‡ุง ุŒ ู„ุงู†ู‡ุง ู„ูŠุณุช ุตูˆุช.
12:44
It's a lack of sound.
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ุงู†ู‡ุง ุนุฏู… ุตูˆุช:
12:48
Cut
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12:55
Better. Ra-- Better.
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13:02
This video is one of 36 in a new series, The Sounds of American English.
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ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู‡ูˆ ุงุญุฏ 36 ูˆู‡ูŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ. ุงู„ุงุตูˆุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ุงู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู…ูŠุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ.
13:08
Videos in this set will be release here on YouTube twice a month.
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ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆู‡ุงุช ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุณุชู†ุดุฑ ู‡ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูŠูˆุชูŠูˆุจุŒ ู…ุฑุชูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุดู‡ุฑ.
13:13
first and third Thursdays in 2016 and 2017.
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ุงูˆู„ ูˆุซุงู„ุซ ุฎู…ูŠุณ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดู‡ุฑ. ููŠ 2016 ูˆ 2017.
13:19
But the whole set can be all yours right now.
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ู„ูƒู† ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู† ุชูƒูˆู† ู„ูƒ ุจูƒุงู…ู„ู‡ุงุŒ ุงู„ุงู†.
13:23
The real value of these videos is watching them as a set, as a whole,
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ุงู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆู‡ุงุช ู‡ูˆ ู…ุดุงู‡ุฏุชู‡ู… ูƒู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉุŒ ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ.
13:29
to give your mind the time to take it all in an get the bigger picture.
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ู„ุชุนุทูŠูƒ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ูƒุงููŠ ู„ุชุฑู‰ ุงู„ูƒู„ ูˆุชุฑู‰ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ูƒุจุฑู‰.
13:34
Most of the materials you'll find elsewhere just teach the sounds on their own, in isolation.
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ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุณูˆู ุชุฌุฏู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู…ุงูƒู† ุงุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ูŠุนู„ู…ูˆู†ูƒ ุงู„ุงุตูˆุงุช ู„ูˆุญุฏู‡ุงุŒ ู…ุนุฒูˆู„ุฉ.
13:41
It's a mistake to learn them this way.
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ุงู†ู‡ ุฎุทุงุก ุงู† ุชุชุนู„ู…ู‡ุง ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ.
13:43
We learn the sounds to speak words and sentences, not just sounds.
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ู†ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ุงุตูˆุงุชุŒ ู„ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุจูƒู„ู…ุงุช ูˆุฌู…ู„ุŒ ูˆู„ูŠุณ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ุงุตูˆุงุช.
13:50
Move closer to fluency in spoken English.
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ุชู‚ุฏู… ุงูƒุซุฑ ู„ู„ุชุญุฏุซ ุจุทู„ุงู‚ุฉ ู„ู„ุงู†ูƒู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญูƒูŠุฉ.
13:53
Buy the video set today.
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ุงุดุชุฑู‰ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆู‡ุงุช ุงู„ูŠูˆู….
13:55
Visit rachelsenglish.com/sounds
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ุงุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ู‰ RachelsEnglish.com/sounds
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Available as a DVD or digital download.
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ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจู€ DVD ุงูˆ ุชู†ุฒูŠู„ ุฑู‚ู…ูŠ.
ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน

ุณูŠู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ YouTube ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ุณุชุฑู‰ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ุงู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูŠุชู… ุชู…ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุน ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุทู„ุจุงุช ุŒ ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7