Word Stress: Sentence Position -- American English Pronunciation

94,169 views ใƒป 2010-12-01

Rachel's English


ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุชุชู… ุชุฑุฌู…ุชู‡ุง ุขู„ูŠู‹ุง.

00:06
Today I'm going to go over something I find quite interesting about American English.
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ุณุฃู‚ูˆู… ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุจุงุณุชุนุฑุงุถ ุดูŠุก ุฃุฌุฏู‡ ู…ุซูŠุฑู‹ุง ู„ู„ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู… ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ.
00:11
And that is, how different the same word can sound depending on where it falls in a sentence.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุŒ ูƒูŠู ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชุจุฏูˆ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุงุนุชู…ุงุฏู‹ุง ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ.
00:17
I've been noticing recently, some of my students from certain countries have the tendency to
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ู„ุงุญุธุช ู…ุคุฎุฑู‹ุง ุฃู† ุจุนุถ ุทู„ุงุจูŠ ู…ู† ุจู„ุฏุงู† ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ูŠู…ูŠู„ูˆู† ุฅู„ู‰
00:23
accent the last word in the sentence. And in general, American English goes down in
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ุฅุจุฑุงุฒ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ. ูˆุจูˆุฌู‡ ุนุงู… ุŒ ุชู†ุฎูุถ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ ููŠ
00:30
pitch throughout a sentence. So actually the words at the end of a sentence should be lower
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ุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ุตูˆุช ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ. ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุŒ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ุฃู‚ู„
00:35
in pitch, lower in volume, more unstressed than the same word would be if it came earlier
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ุญุฏุฉ ุŒ ูˆุฃู‚ู„ ุญุฌู…ู‹ุง ุŒ ูˆุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุถุบูˆุทุฉ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ุฅุฐุง ุฌุงุกุช ููŠ ูˆู‚ุช ุณุงุจู‚
00:42
in the sentence. Let's take for example the word 'home' in the sentences 'I'll be home
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ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ. ู„ู†ุฃุฎุฐ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ "ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„" ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ "ุณุฃุนูˆุฏ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„
00:47
by three,' 'Last night I drove the car home.' Let's hear the word 'home' in the first sentence,
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ุจุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃุถุนุงู" ุŒ "ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ู‚ุฏุช ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„". ุฏุนู†ุง ู†ุณู…ุน ูƒู„ู…ุฉ "ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„" ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุŒ
00:53
'I'll be home by three,' repeated on a loop a few times to get it into our ear. I'll be
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"ุณุฃูƒูˆู† ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„ ุจู…ู‚ุฏุงุฑ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ" ุŒ ุชุชูƒุฑุฑ ููŠ ุญู„ู‚ุฉ ุนุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุงุช ู„ุฅุฏุฎุงู„ู‡ุง ููŠ ุฃุฐู†ู†ุง. ุณุฃูƒูˆู† ููŠ
00:58
home by three. Home, home, home, home. And now the second sentence, 'Last night I drove
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ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„ ุนู†ุฏ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ. ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„ ุŒ ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„ ุŒ ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„ ุŒ ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„. ูˆุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุŒ "ู‚ุฏุช ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ุฅู„ู‰
01:04
the car home.' Last night I drove the car home. Home, home, home, home. And now let's
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ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„". ู‚ุฏุช ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„. ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„ ุŒ ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„ ุŒ ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„ ุŒ ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„. ูˆุงู„ุขู† ุฏุนูˆู†ุง
01:09
compare, switching back and forth. [Home x8] Clearly they are at two different pitches,
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ู†ู‚ุงุฑู† ุŒ ุจุงู„ุชุจุฏูŠู„ ุฐู‡ุงุจู‹ุง ูˆุฅูŠุงุจู‹ุง. [Home x8] ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุงุถุญ ุฃู†ู‡ู…ุง ููŠ ู†ุบู…ุชูŠู† ู…ุฎุชู„ูุชูŠู† ุŒ
01:17
two different volumes. Here I'm using the software program Pratt to view both sentences
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ูˆู…ุฌู„ุฏูŠู† ู…ุฎุชู„ููŠู†. ุฃู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุฃุณุชุฎุฏู… ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ Pratt ู„ุนุฑุถ ูƒู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌู…ู„
01:24
and the loops of the word 'home'. The first sentence, I'll be home by three. And the loop
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ูˆุญู„ู‚ุงุช ูƒู„ู…ุฉ "home". ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุŒ ุณุฃูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„ ุจุซู„ุงุซุฉ. ูˆุญู„ู‚ุฉ
01:32
for the word home in that sentence: home, home, home. You can see that the volume is
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ูƒู„ู…ุฉ home ููŠ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ: home ุŒ home ุŒ home. ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชุฑู‰ ุฃู† ุงู„ุญุฌู…
01:37
greater compared to the word home in the second sentence: home, home, home. And down here
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ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุจูƒู„ู…ุฉ home ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ: home ุŒ home ุŒ home. ูˆู‡ู†ุง
01:44
we see the pitch. Both of these sentences have the downward trend, the second one ending
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ู†ุฑู‰ ุฃุฑุถูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนุจ. ูƒู„ุชุง ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุชูŠู† ู„ู‡ู…ุง ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุชู†ุงุฒู„ูŠ ุŒ ูˆุชู†ุชู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ
01:51
with this little dot down here, as most statements in English do. The word 'home' in the first
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ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ุŒ ูƒู…ุง ุชูุนู„ ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุจุงุฑุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ูƒู„ู…ุฉ "ู…ู†ุฒู„" ููŠ
01:59
sentence, here, quite high in pitch, the word home in the second sentence, here, quite low
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ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุŒ ู‡ู†ุง ุŒ ุทุจู‚ุฉ ุตูˆุช ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุง ุŒ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุŒ ู‡ู†ุง ุŒ ุทุจู‚ุฉ ุตูˆุช ู…ู†ุฎูุถุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุง
02:05
in pitch. Home. This section up here is the M, sort of just a grumble in the voice. It
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. ุจูŠุช. ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‚ุณู… ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ูˆ ุญุฑู M ุŒ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุชุฐู…ุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุตูˆุช. ุฅู†ู‡
02:15
sort of stops sounding like speech at this point, doesn't it? Home, home, home. It's
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ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุชูˆู‚ู ุนู† ุงู„ุตูˆุช ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุŒ ุฃู„ูŠุณ ูƒุฐู„ูƒุŸ ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„ ุŒ ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„ ุŒ ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„. ุฅู†ู‡ุง
02:19
so low in pitch, so low in volume, so -- uhh -- far down in the throat. Yet, when you
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ู…ู†ุฎูุถุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุตูˆุช ุŒ ูˆู…ู†ุฎูุถุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฌู… ุŒ ู„ุฐุง - ุขู‡ - ุจุนูŠุฏู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุญู„ู‚. ูˆู…ุน ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง
02:26
hear it in the context of the sentence, you do identify it as the word 'home.' Let's listen
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ุชุณู…ุนู‡ุง ููŠ ุณูŠุงู‚ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ุŒ ูุฅู†ูƒ ุชุญุฏุฏู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ูƒู„ู…ุฉ "ุงู„ูˆุทู†". ุฏุนู†ุง ู†ุณุชู…ุน
02:34
one more time to the loop, where we alternate the word 'home' from the two sentences. [Home x 8]
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ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญู„ู‚ุฉ ุŒ ุญูŠุซ ู†ุจุฏู„ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ "ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„" ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุชูŠู†. [Home x 8]
02:44
So keep this in mind when you're speaking, when you're practicing reading out loud. Make
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ู„ุฐุง ุถุน ุฐู„ูƒ ููŠ ุงุนุชุจุงุฑูƒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชุชุญุฏุซ ุŒ ูˆุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชุชุฏุฑุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ุจุตูˆุช ุนุงู„ู. ุชุฃูƒุฏ ู…ู†
02:47
sure you're not stressing the last word of a sentence by bringing it up in pitch or making
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ุฃู†ูƒ ู„ุง ุชุดุฏุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุทุฑุญู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนุจ ุฃูˆ ุฑูุน
02:51
it louder because in English it's actually the opposite. The words at the end of the
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ุตูˆุชู‡ุง ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุนูƒุณ ุฐู„ูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน. ุณุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ููŠ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ
02:56
sentence will be lower in pitch and also softer. The final word in a sentence can sometimes
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ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ุฃู‚ู„ ุญุฏุฉ ูˆุฃูƒุซุฑ ู„ูŠูˆู†ุฉ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง. ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ู‹ุง
03:02
be very low and very soft. That's it, and thanks so much for using Rachel's English.
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ู…ู†ุฎูุถุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุง ูˆู„ูŠู†ุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุง. ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ุŒ ูˆุดูƒุฑู‹ุง ุฌุฒูŠู„ุงู‹ ู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู„ุบุฉ ุฑุงุดูŠู„ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ.
ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน

ุณูŠู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ YouTube ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ุณุชุฑู‰ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ุงู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูŠุชู… ุชู…ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุน ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุทู„ุจุงุช ุŒ ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7