Word Stress: Sentence Position -- American English Pronunciation

93,090 views ใƒป 2010-12-01

Rachel's English


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:06
Today I'm going to go over something I find quite interesting about American English.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ ใ€ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซ่‹ฑ่ชžใซใคใ„ใฆ้žๅธธใซ่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ใจๆ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚ŠไธŠใ’ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:11
And that is, how different the same word can sound depending on where it falls in a sentence.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅŒใ˜ๅ˜่ชž ใŒๆ–‡ใฎใฉใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใŒ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:17
I've been noticing recently, some of my students from certain countries have the tendency to
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ๆœ€่ฟ‘ๆฐ—ไป˜ใ„ใŸใฎใงใ™ ใŒใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎๅ›ฝใฎ็”Ÿๅพ’ใฎ
00:23
accent the last word in the sentence. And in general, American English goes down in
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ไธญใซใฏใ€ๆ–‡ใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎๅ˜่ชžใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ๅ‚พๅ‘ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ ใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใ€ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซ่‹ฑ่ชžใฏ
00:30
pitch throughout a sentence. So actually the words at the end of a sentence should be lower
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ๆ–‡ๅ…จไฝ“ใงใƒ”ใƒƒใƒใŒไธ‹ใŒใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ ใฏใ€ๆ–‡ใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ‚ใ‚‹
00:35
in pitch, lower in volume, more unstressed than the same word would be if it came earlier
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ๅ˜่ชžใฏใ€ๅŒใ˜ๅ˜่ชžใŒๆ–‡ใฎๅ‰ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใ€ใƒ”ใƒƒใƒใŒไฝŽใใ€้Ÿณ้‡ใŒไฝŽใใ€ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใŒๅฐ‘ใชใ„ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
00:42
in the sentence. Let's take for example the word 'home' in the sentences 'I'll be home
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ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ใ€Œ็ง
00:47
by three,' 'Last night I drove the car home.' Let's hear the word 'home' in the first sentence,
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ใฏ3ๆ™‚ใพใงใซๅฎถใซๅธฐใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใ€ใ€Œๆ˜จๅคœใ€่ปŠใ‚’ๅฎถใซ้‹่ปขใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ–‡ใฎใ€Œๅฎถใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚ŠไธŠใ’ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡ใฎใ€Œๅฎถใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:53
'I'll be home by three,' repeated on a loop a few times to get it into our ear. I'll be
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ใ€Œ็งใฏ3ไบบใงๅฎถใซๅธฐใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ใƒซใƒผใƒ— ใงๆ•ฐๅ›ž็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใฆ่€ณใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏ
00:58
home by three. Home, home, home, home. And now the second sentence, 'Last night I drove
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๏ผ“ๆ™‚ใพใงใซๅฎถใซๅธฐใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฎถใ€ๅฎถใ€ๅฎถใ€ๅฎถใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ ไปŠใ€2็•ช็›ฎใฎๆ–‡ใ€ใ€Œๆ˜จๅคœใ€็งใฏ
01:04
the car home.' Last night I drove the car home. Home, home, home, home. And now let's
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่ปŠใ‚’ๅฎถใซ้‹่ปขใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ๆ˜จๅคœ็งใฏ่ปŠใ‚’ๅฎถใพใง้‹่ปขใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ๅฎถใ€ๅฎถใ€ๅฎถใ€ๅฎถใ€‚
01:09
compare, switching back and forth. [Home x8] Clearly they are at two different pitches,
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ๅ‰ๅพŒใซๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๆ›ฟใˆใฆๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ [ใƒ›ใƒผใƒ x8] ๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซใ€2ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใƒ”ใƒƒใƒใ€
01:17
two different volumes. Here I'm using the software program Pratt to view both sentences
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2ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใƒœใƒชใƒฅใƒผใƒ ใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€ใ‚ฝใƒ•ใƒˆใ‚ฆใ‚งใ‚ขใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ Prattใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€
01:24
and the loops of the word 'home'. The first sentence, I'll be home by three. And the loop
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ใ€Œhomeใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใฎๆ–‡ใจใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใฎไธกๆ–นใ‚’่กจ็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ ๆ–‡ใ€็งใฏ3ๆ™‚ใพใงใซๅฎถใซๅธฐใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ
01:32
for the word home in that sentence: home, home, home. You can see that the volume is
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ใ€ใใฎๆ–‡ใฎๅ˜่ชžhomeใฎใƒซใƒผใƒ—๏ผšhomeใ€ homeใ€homeใ€‚
01:37
greater compared to the word home in the second sentence: home, home, home. And down here
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2็•ช็›ฎใฎๆ–‡ใฎhomeใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชž ๏ผˆhomeใ€homeใ€home๏ผ‰ใจๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆใ€้Ÿณ้‡ใŒๅคงใใ„ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ“ใ“
01:44
we see the pitch. Both of these sentences have the downward trend, the second one ending
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ใซใƒ”ใƒƒใƒใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡ ใฏไธกๆ–นใจใ‚‚ไธ‹้™ๅ‚พๅ‘ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใ€2
01:51
with this little dot down here, as most statements in English do. The word 'home' in the first
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็•ช็›ฎใฎๆ–‡ใฏใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใƒˆใƒกใƒณใƒˆใจๅŒๆง˜ใซใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใ“ใฎๅฐใ•ใช็‚นใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡ใฎใ€Œใƒ›ใƒผใƒ ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใฏ
01:59
sentence, here, quite high in pitch, the word home in the second sentence, here, quite low
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ใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใƒ”ใƒƒใƒใŒ้žๅธธใซ้ซ˜ใ ใ€2็•ช็›ฎใฎๆ–‡ใฎใ€Œใƒ›ใƒผใƒ ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใฏใ€ใ“ใ“ใง
02:05
in pitch. Home. This section up here is the M, sort of just a grumble in the voice. It
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ใฏใƒ”ใƒƒใƒใŒ้žๅธธใซไฝŽใใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฎถใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใพใงใฎใ“ใฎใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฏ Mใงใ€ๅฃฐใฎไธๅนณใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
02:15
sort of stops sounding like speech at this point, doesn't it? Home, home, home. It's
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ใ“ใฎๆ™‚็‚นใงใ€ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใชใใชใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใช ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญใ€‚ ๅฎถใ€ๅฎถใ€ๅฎถใ€‚
02:19
so low in pitch, so low in volume, so -- uhh -- far down in the throat. Yet, when you
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ใƒ”ใƒƒใƒใŒใจใฆใ‚‚ไฝŽใใ€้Ÿณ้‡ใŒใจใฆใ‚‚ๅฐใ•ใ„ใฎใงใ€- ใ†ใƒผใ‚“-ๅ–‰ใฎใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ไธ‹ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ‚‚
02:26
hear it in the context of the sentence, you do identify it as the word 'home.' Let's listen
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ใ€ๆ–‡ใฎๆ–‡่„ˆใงใใ‚Œใ‚’่žใใจใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸ ใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ€Œๅฎถใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใจใ—ใฆ่ญ˜ๅˆฅใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่žใ„ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
02:34
one more time to the loop, where we alternate the word 'home' from the two sentences. [Home x 8]
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ใ€‚ใ“ใ“ใงใฏ ใ€2ใคใฎๆ–‡ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€Œhomeใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไบคไบ’ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ [ใƒ›ใƒผใƒ x8]
02:44
So keep this in mind when you're speaking, when you're practicing reading out loud. Make
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅฃฐใ‚’ๅ‡บใ—ใฆ่ชญใ‚€็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€ใ“ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏๅๅฏพใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๆ–‡
02:47
sure you're not stressing the last word of a sentence by bringing it up in pitch or making
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ใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ใƒ”ใƒƒใƒใงไธŠใ’ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๅคงใใใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใฆใ€ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
02:51
it louder because in English it's actually the opposite. The words at the end of the
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ใ€‚ ๆ–‡ๆœซใฎๅ˜่ชž
02:56
sentence will be lower in pitch and also softer. The final word in a sentence can sometimes
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ใฏใƒ”ใƒƒใƒใŒไฝŽใใ€ๆŸ”ใ‚‰ใ‹ใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆ–‡ใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏใ€
03:02
be very low and very soft. That's it, and thanks so much for using Rachel's English.
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้žๅธธใซไฝŽใใ€้žๅธธใซๆŸ”ใ‚‰ใ‹ใ„ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ ใ‘ ใงใ™ใ€‚ใƒฌใ‚คใƒใ‚งใƒซใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใใ‚Œใฆใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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