How to Talk About Illness and Medicine in English

英语口语 - 疾病和药

Hi, I’m Oli.

嗨，我是Oli。

Welcome to Oxford Online English!

欢迎来到 Oxford Online English！

In this lesson, you can learn how to talk about illness, medicine and healthcare in

在本课程中，您将学习如何用英语 谈论疾病，药物和

English.

医疗保健。

You’ll learn how to deal with a visit to the doctor’s office, how to talk about different

您将学习如何应付看医生， 如何谈论不同

healthcare systems, how to talk about going to hospital, and more.

医疗保健系统，如何谈论 去医院等等。

First, don’t forget to check out our website: Oxford Online English dot com.

首先，不要忘记看我们的网站： Oxford Online English dot com.

You can study English with our free lessons, including videos, listening lessons, and quizzes.

您可以利用我们的免费课程学习英语， 包括视频、听力课和测验。

If you’re looking for online English classes, you can choose from one of our many professional

如果您正在寻找在线英语课程， 您可以在我们众多专业

teachers.

老师里选择一位。

Take a look: Oxford Online English dot com.

看一下：Oxford Online English dot com.

Let’s start by looking at language you can use if you need to see a doctor.

让我们先看一下如果需要看医生， 您可以使用的说法。

So, what can I do for you today?

那么，今天我能为您做什么？

Well, I’ve been having these headaches, just behind my eyes.

好吧，我一直头疼， 就在我眼睛的后面。

How long have you been having them?

这样有多久了？

For about a week now.

到现在大约一个星期。

They aren’t constant—they come and go, but they’re really painful.

不是一直都疼，有时有，有时无， 但真的很痛。

Do you have a fever?

您有发烧吗？

No, I don’t think so.

没有，我想应该没有。

Any respiratory symptoms?

有呼吸道症状吗？

How do you mean?

您是什​​么意思？

For example, do you have a blocked nose, a sore throat, a cough, or anything like that?

例如，您的鼻子是否有点塞、 喉咙痛、咳嗽或类似的东西？

No, nothing like that.

不，不是那样的。

Is this the first time you’ve had a problem like this?

这是您第一次遇到 像这样的问题吗？

As far as I can remember, yeah.

按我的记忆，是的。

OK, please sit on the bed over here.

好，请坐在这的床上。

I need to check your pulse and blood pressure.

我需要检查您的脉搏和血压。

I’ll also need to check your lymph nodes to see if they’re swollen.

我还要检查一下您的淋巴结， 看看是否肿了。

In the dialogue, the doctor asked many questions.

在对话中，医生问了很多问题。

Can you remember any?

您还记得吗？

Typically, the doctor will ask about your symptoms, your medical history, and about

通常，医生会询问您的 症状，您的病史以及有关

medication which you’re taking.

您正在服用的药物。

To ask about your symptoms, the doctor might ask ‘Do you have a fever?’

要询问您的症状，医生可能 问“您发烧吗？”

‘Do you have a cough?’

“您咳嗽吗？”

‘Do you have a sore throat?’

“您嗓子疼吗？”

The doctor might ask more questions about a specific symptom.

医生可能会问更多有关 一种特定症状的问题。

For example: ‘How long have you been feeling like this?’

例如：“您觉得像这样多久了？'

‘Is this the first time you’ve had a problem like this?’

``这是您第一次遇到像这样的问题吗？'

‘How severe is the pain?’

“疼痛有多严重？”

If you’re describing your symptoms, it’s common to use the present perfect tense, especially

如果您要描述自己的症状， 通常用现在完成时态，尤其是

for a problem that appears repeatedly.

对一个反复出现的问题。

For example: ‘I’ve been having really bad headaches.’

例如：“我一直 头疼得厉害。”

‘I’ve been having some stomach problems.’

“我一直有胃病。”

‘I’ve been having a lot of problems getting to sleep.’

``我在睡眠上遇到很多问题。'

You could also add a time period, as in: ‘I’ve had this cough for a week now.’

您还可以添加一个时间段，例如： “I’ve had this cough for a week now.”

To describe more stable symptoms, use the present simple tense.

要描述比较稳定的症状，请使用 一般现在时。

For example: ‘I have a swelling in my right knee.’

例如：“I have a swelling in my right knee'

‘I have this rash on my arm.’

“I have this rash on my arm.”

After you describe your symptoms, the doctor might do some basic checks on you.

您描述症状后，医生 可能会对您进行一些基本检查。

For example, he or she might want to take your pulse check your blood pressure

举例来说，他或她可能想测 您的脉搏和血压

or listen to your heartbeat or breathing using a stethoscope.

或用听诊器听您的心跳或呼吸。

Next, the doctor will suggest further treatment, and possibly prescribe medicine for you to

接下来，医生会建议进一步 治疗，并可能开药给您

take.

服用。

Are you taking any medication currently?

您目前正在服用任何药物吗？

No, nothing.

没有。

Any allergies?

有过敏吗？

No.

没有。

I’m going to prescribe you some painkillers.

我要给您开一些止痛药。

Take one as soon as you feel your headaches starting.

头开始痛时马上服用。

If you’re still in pain after an hour, take a second one.

如果一个小时后您仍然感到疼痛，请服用 第二粒。

Don’t take more than two pills in four hours, or more than six pills in a 24-hour period.

在四个小时内不要服用超过两粒药， 或在24小时内不要服用六粒以上。

OK…

好…

Also, don’t drink alcohol or take any other anti-inflammatories while you’re taking

另外，在您服药时，不要喝酒或 服用任何其他

these.

消炎药物。

Can’t you do some more tests?

您不能再做一些测试吗？

What if it’s something more serious?

如果情况更严重怎么办？

If you’re still having the same problem in two weeks, then we’ll need to investigate

两周后，如果您仍然有相同问题， 我们需要进一步

further.

调查。

These things often clear up by themselves.

这些事情通常会自己消除。

You should also make sure you get enough sleep, stay hydrated, and avoid stress if possible.

您还应确保您睡眠充足、 保持足够水分，并尽可能避免压力。

Do I have to pay for the prescription?

我需要支付处方费吗？

You pay a seven-pound prescription fee.

您需要支付七英镑的处方费。

I’m giving you enough pills to last four weeks, so you should have enough.

我给你足够四周的药， 所以您的药应该够了。

Can I take it to any chemist’s?

我可以去任何药剂师那拿药吗？

Yes, of course.

当然。

There’s a pharmacy in the supermarket around the corner.

街角附近的超市有一家药房。

You could get your medicine there.

您可以在那里拿药。

OK, I’ll do that.

好的，我会做。

Thank you.

谢谢。

Doctors can prescribe you medicine or other treatments.

医生可以给您开药或做其他治疗。

They do this by writing what you need on a piece of paper—a prescription.

他们在一个张纸上写 — 一张处方， 他们这样做。

‘Prescribe’ is the verb, and ‘prescription’ is the noun.

“ Prescribe”是动词，“ prescription” 是名词。

You can also use the noun ‘prescription’ to refer to the medicine which a doctor prescribes

您还可以使用名词“prescription” 来指医生给您

for you.

开的药。

For example, you could say: ‘The doctor prescribed antihistamines, but they didn’t

例如，您可以说：“The doctor prescribed antihistamines, but they didn’t

help.’

help.“

‘I lost my prescription, so I’ll have to call the doctor and see if she can send

”I lost my prescription, so I’ll have to call the doctor and see if she can send

me a replacement.’

me a replacement.“

Antihistamines are often taken by people who have allergies.

抗组胺药通常由有过敏的人服用。

In the dialogue, do you remember what kind of medicine the doctor prescribed?

在对话中，您还记得医生 开了哪种的药吗？

She prescribed painkillers.

她开了止痛药。

Common painkillers are paracetamol and ibuprofen.

常见的止痛药是扑热息痛和布洛芬。

Painkillers may also be anti-inflammatories—they reduce fever and swelling.

止痛药也可能是消炎药，它们 退烧和消肿。

After you have your prescription, you can collect your medicine from a pharmacy—also

您有了您的处方后，您可以 到药房拿药——

called a chemist’s in UK English, although both words are used.

在英国英语中也被称为药剂师， 这两个词都有使用。

The doctor or pharmacist might also give you advice on how to take your medicine.

医生或药剂师可能还会给您 有关如何服药的建议。

For example: ‘Take one pill every twelve hours.’

例如：“Take one pill every twelve hours.“

‘Make sure you take the pills with food.’

“Make sure you take the pills with food.”

‘Avoid alcohol while you’re taking these, or they might not be as effective.’

”Avoid alcohol while you’re taking these, or they might not be as effective.”

Finally, the doctor might also give you some more general advice.

最后，医生可能还会给您一些 更一般的建议。

In the dialogue, the doctor mentioned three things.

在对话中，医生提到了三件事。

Do you remember them?

您记得他们吗？

I said ‘You should also make sure you get enough sleep, stay hydrated, and avoid

我说：“You should also make sure you get enough sleep, stay hydrated, and avoid

stress if possible.’

stress if possible.“

Last question for this section: what happens if you don’t stay hydrated?

本节的最后一个问题：如果您没有保持 水分足够，会发生什么？

If you don’t stay hydrated by drinking enough fluids, you’ll get dehydrated.

如果您没有喝足够的液体来保持水分， 您会脱水。

Next, let’s look at language to use if you aren’t sure where to go or how to get medical

接下来，让我们看一下，如果您不确定 去哪或怎么得到医疗帮助，

help.

您要使用的说辞。

So, weird question, but what do I do if I need to see a doctor?

这样，奇怪的问题，但是如果我需要 看医生，我要怎么办？

I’ve never been to hospital or anything here, and I have no idea how it works.

在这，我从没去过医院或任何类似 地方，我不知道要怎样做。

You have insurance?

您有保险吗？

No.

没有。

No?

没有？

Anyway, what’s wrong with you?

好吧，您怎么了？

Nothing much.

没什么严重的。

I have this swelling in my wrist, and it’s a little uncomfortable to move it.

我的手腕肿了， 移动它有点不舒服。

I’d just like to get it checked out.

我只想检查看是什么问题。

Well, you could go to a public hospital.

好吧，您可以去公立医院。

I think as a resident you’re entitled to free public healthcare, but even if you have

我认为作为一个居民，您有权享受 免费的公共医疗服务，但

to pay, it won’t be much.

即使您要付费，那不会很多。

You might have to wait for a long time, though.

不过，您可能需要等待很长时间。

You mean, you have to wait to see a doctor?

您的意思是，您必须等待看医生？

Yes, that too, but I meant that after you see a doctor, it might be a long time before

是的，那也是，但我的意思是在您 去看医生之后，在您得到任何

you get any treatment.

治疗之前，可能要花很长时间。

From what I hear, the public health system is really overstretched at the moment, and

据我了解，公共卫生系统 此刻确实过度紧张，并且

people have to wait weeks or months for treatment.

人们必须等待数周或数月 才能接受治疗。

So, you have private health insurance?

那么，您有私人健康保险吗？

Yeah, most people do.

是的，大多数人都这样做。

You could also go to a private clinic, or just go to a GP and let him or her refer you

您也可以去私人诊所，或者只是去看 GP，如果您需要进一步的治疗，

to the right specialist if you need further treatment.

让他或她给您推荐合适的专家。

Would that be very expensive?

那会很贵吗？

A GP appointment normally costs about 40 or 50 Euros.

一个GP预约的费用通常约为40或 50欧元。

For further treatment, it depends what you need, obviously.

很明显，对于进一步的治疗， 这取决于您的需要。

Of course, if you’re uninsured, it’ll be more expensive, but it’s not likely to

当然，如果您没有保险， 会更贵，但不可能会

be ridiculous.

太离谱。

Maybe I’ll do that, then.

那么，也许我会做。

I’d prefer to get it looked at sooner.

我想早点看一下。

Can you recommend anyone?

您能推荐任何人吗？

I can give you the details for my GP.

我可以提供您我的GP的详细信息。

There’s also a website I can show you where you can find a doctor closer to where you

还有一个网站，我可以告诉您是 哪一个，如果您愿意，您可以

live, if you like.

在您住的地方附近找到医生。

That sounds great.

这听起来很不错。

Thanks.

谢谢。

In your country, if you need to see a doctor, what do you do first?

在您的国家，如果您需要看医生， 您首先要做什么？

Can you go directly to a hospital, or do you need to go to a GP or smaller clinic first?

您可以直接去医院吗？或需要先去 GP或更小的诊所吗？

Let’s take the UK as an example.

让我们以英国为例。

Most people in the UK use public healthcare, which is almost completely free.

英国的大多数人都使用公共医疗 保健，这几乎是完全免费的。

Some people choose to buy private insurance, which can give you more choice about where

有些人选择购买私人保险，那可以 给您关于去哪或什么时候

and when you get treatment.

您会得到治疗的更多选择。

If you’re using public healthcare, you’ll generally register with a GP.

如果您使用的是公共医疗保健， 您通常向GP注册。

‘GP’ stands for ‘general practitioner’, meaning a doctor who doesn’t specialise

“ GP”代表“general practitioner”， 意思是不专攻某一个

in one area.

领域的医生。

GPs mostly work in small clinics, not in hospitals.

GP医生们通常在小型诊所工作， 而不是在医院工作。

If you have a problem, you’ll go to your GP first.

如果您有任何问题，您会先去GP。

Your GP will then help you to arrange further treatment if you need it.

如果您需要进一步的治疗， 您的GP会帮您安排。

For example, your GP might refer you to a specialist if you need more targeted treatment.

例如，如果您需要更针对性的治疗， 您的GP可能会将您引荐给专家。

In other countries, most people have healthcare insurance.

在其他国家，大多数人都有医疗保健 保险。

In some places, healthcare can be very expensive if you’re uninsured.

在某些地方，如果您没有保险， 医疗保健可能非常昂贵。

What about in your country?

您的国家呢？

Look at three questions:

看三个问题：

One: do most people use public healthcare, or is it more usual to buy private health

一：大多数人使用公共医疗吗？ 还是购买私人医疗

insurance?

保险更普遍？

Two: is public healthcare high-quality and reliable?

二：公共医疗保健是高质量和 可靠的吗？

Why or why not?

为什么是或者不是？

Three: are all residents entitled to free public healthcare, or are there restrictions?

三：是否所有居民都有权享有免费 公共医疗保健，还是有限制？

Could you answer these questions?

您能回答这些问题吗？

Try it!

尝试一下！

Say an answer out loud, or write it down.

大声说出答案，或写下来。

Or, do both!

或者，两者都做！

Remember that you might need to repeat and practise your answer several times, so that

请记住，您可能需要重复 练习几次答案，以便

it is fluent and clear.

它流利而清晰。

Did you do it?

您做了吗？

If so, feel free to share your answers with other learners in the comments.

如果是这样，请您随时在评论中与 其他学习者分享您的答案。

Let’s move on.

让我们进入下一单元。

What happens if you have a more serious health issue, and you need to stay in hospital?

如果您有严重的身体健康问题， 您会怎样，您需要住院吗？

Have you heard about what happened to Louis?

您是否听说路易斯发生什么事了吗？

No, what?

没有，什么事？

He went to the doctor’s for a routine check-up, and they discovered he had a major cardiac

他去医生那做例行检查， 他们发现他的心脏有大

problem.

问题。

They sent him to A&E right away; they wouldn’t let him go home even for an hour.

他们马上把他送到A&E ；他们不让他 回家，甚至一个小时也不行。

Then, he had surgery the same day.

然后，他在同一天做了手术。

No way!

怎么可能！

I saw him on Tuesday.

我星期二还见过他。

He looked absolutely fine.

他看起来绝对不错。

Yeah, I was shocked, too.

是的，我也感到震惊。

Anyway, we should go and see him, don’t you think?

无论如何，我们应该去探视他， 您不这样认为吗？

He would probably appreciate some company.

他可能会喜欢一些人陪伴他。

Sure…

当然…

How long are they keeping him in?

他们让他待多久？

From what I heard, they want to monitor him for a few days, and then he can go home.

据我所知，他们想观察他几天， 然后他就可以回家了。

So, when can we go?

那么，我们什么时候可以去？

Do they have set visiting hours?

他们有设定探视时间吗？

Yeah, it’s in the afternoon some time.

是的，是下午时段。

I can check on their website.

我可以在他们的网站上查看一下。

Let me check with his wife, too, because I’m sure she’ll be spending time there, and

我也要和他的妻子确认一下，因为我 确信她会花时间在那陪他，并且

I think there’s a two-visitor maximum.

我想最多可以有两个访客。

I hope he’s alright.

我希望他没事。

I’ve never had an operation or had to stay overnight in hospital, but I imagine it’s

我从未做过手术或不得不留下来 在医院过夜，但我想像是

fairly miserable.

相当惨。

Yup, you’re not wrong.

是的，您说的没错。

Hopefully he’ll be discharged soon.

希望他早日出院。

We should take him some fruit or something nice to eat.

我们应该给他带些水果或好吃的东西。

Can we do that?

我们可以那样做吗？

I think so, but I’ll check to be sure.

我也这样想，但我会确认一下。

Look at a sentence from the dialogue: ‘They sent him to A&E right away.’

看对话中的一句话：“They sent him to A&E right away.”

Do you know what ‘A&E’ means?

您知道“ A＆E”是什么意思吗？

A&E stands for ‘accident and emergency’.

A＆E代表“accident and emergency”。

It’s the hospital department where you go if you have a serious medical issue.

这是如果您有严重的医疗问题时 您要去的医院部门。

In American English it’s commonly called ‘ER’—‘emergency room’.

在美式英语中，通常称为 “ER”—“emergency room”。

Let’s look at four more sentences from the dialogue.

让我们再看四个对话中的句子。

In each sentence, there’s a word missing.

每个句子中都缺少一个词。

Can you remember the missing words?

您能记住遗漏的单词吗？

If not, you can also go back and review the dialogue to find them, if you want!

如果不记得了，如果有必要，您也可以 回头复习对话来找到他们！

Did you find the missing words?

您找到遗漏的单词了吗？

Let’s look.

我们看看吧。

‘How long are they keeping him in?’

“How long are they keeping him in?”

means ‘How long will he have to stay in hospital?’

意思是“How long will he have to stay inhospital?“

‘They’ here refers to the hospital staff.

“They”是指医院工作人员。

Hospitals have visiting hours, when you can go and spend time with your friends and relatives

医院有探视时间，您可以去那和 在那住院的您的

who are staying there.

亲朋好友共度时光。

Even if you need to go to hospital, you might be an outpatient, meaning that you go to hospital,

如果您需要去医院，也可能成为 门诊病人，意思是您去医院，

do what you need, and then go home again.

做了您要做的，然后再回家。

The opposite is ‘inpatient’, meaning that you need to stay overnight.

反义词是“inpatient”，意思是 您需要过夜。

When you’re ready to leave hospital and go home, they discharge you.

当您准备离开医院回家时， 他们会给您办出院。

You can discharge yourself earlier, but your doctors might try to persuade you to stay

您可以早点自己办出院，但是您的 医生可能会说服您留下来

longer.

更久一点。

Now, let’s look at our final section: recovering from a health problem.

现在，让我们看一下最后一个单元： 康复。

So, how are you feeling?

那么，您感觉如何？

Quite fragile, to be honest.

老实说，非常虚弱。

I mean, I feel better than I did, but it’s a long process.

我的意思是，我感觉比之前好一点了，但是 是一个漫长的过程。

Well, that’s to be expected.

好吧，这是意料之中的。

You had a major operation.

您做了一个大手术。

How long do they say it’ll take to recover?

他们说康复需要多长时间？

They don’t give exact answers to things like that.

他们没有给出像那样的确切答案。

I guess every case is different, but they said I should be back to normal in around

我想每个病例是不同的，但是他们 说我应该在三个月内

three months.

康复如常。

Three months?!

三个月？！

Obviously I won’t be like this for three months, or at least I hope not.

显然我不会像这样要三个月， 或者至少我希望没有。

I get tired so easily right now.

我现在很容易累。

They told me I should get some strength back in a couple of weeks.

他们告诉我在几个星期内 我会恢复力量。

Do you have to go back in for any more tests?

您是否需要回来进行更多检查？

I have to go tomorrow to get the incision cleaned and dressed.

我明天要去做切口清洗和处理。

It’s a big wound, so that’ll take a while to heal just by itself.

这是一个很大的伤口，所以 自行治愈需要一段时间。

Apart from that, I think I have to go back in a month or so for an ECG.

除此之外，我想我必须在大约一个月内回去 或是为了做ECG。

Maybe there’s more, but I’m not focusing on that right now.

也许更多，但我现在没有关注那个。

One day at a time!

只想现在！

Do you need any help with anything?

您需要任何帮助吗？

Please ask if you do.

如果您想要，就请问。

I’d love to help if I can.

如果我可以的话，我很乐意提供帮助。

That’s kind of you!

您真好！

If you want, you could take me for a walk.

如果您愿意，可以带我去散步。

I’m not supposed to go outside by myself, but it’s nice to get some fresh air.

我不应该一个人走出去，但是呼吸 新鲜空气真是太好了。

I start going crazy if I’m just stuck in bed or at home all day.

如果我整天躺在床上或陷在 家里，我就会开始发疯。

Sure, how about tomorrow?

当然，明天怎么样？

That would be great!

那太好了！

Come by any time.

随时来。

Let’s look at some language you heard in the dialogue.

让我们看看您在对话里听到的某些讲法。

Do you remember how this language was used?

您还记得这种讲法是如何用的吗？

Could you explain what these sentences mean?

您能解释这些句子的意思吗？

Remember, you can pause the video to think, or go back and review the dialogue if you

请记住，您可以暂停视频考虑一下， 或回头复习对话，如果您

need to.

需要的话。

‘Fragile’ is similar to weak.

“Fragile”类似于很弱。

It’s often used to describe things which break easily, like china plates or things

通常用来描述容易破裂的东西， 例如瓷盘或者

made of glass.

由玻璃制成的东西。

If you’re feeling fragile, you feel weak and ill.

如果您感到虚弱，就会感到没体力 和生病了。

If you’re recovering from a serious illness or an operation, you’ll need to get your

如果您正从大病或手术中康复， 您需要

strength back.

体力恢复。

You also heard the phrase ‘get back to normal’.

您还听到了“get back to normal”这一短语。

For example: ‘It’ll take a few weeks to get back to normal.’

例如：“It’ll take a few weeks to get back to normal.”

A wound is an opening or a cut in your skin.

伤口是皮肤上的开口或切口。

If you have an operation, the surgeon will need to make an opening in your skin, which

如果您做了一个手术，外科医生会 需要在您的皮肤上开口，

needs to heal afterwards.

那之后需要愈合。

Finally, ‘one day at a time’ is a phrase which means you focus on the present, rather

最后，“one day at a time”是一个短语 这意味着您专注于现在，而不是

than thinking about the future.

而不是考虑未来。

You can use it when you’re dealing with a difficult or complex situation.

您在面对困难或复杂的 情况时，可以使用它。

You can also use the longer phrase ‘take things one day at a time.’

您也可以使用较长的短语“ take things one day at a time.“

For example: ‘Everything’s so busy right now.

例如：“Everything’s so busy right now.

I can’t make plans for next year.

I can’t make plans for next year.

I’m just taking things one day at a time.’

I’m just taking things one day at a time.’

Of course, we hope you don’t need the language you’ve seen in this lesson.

当然，我们希望您不要用到您在 本课程中看到的讲法。

But, we still hope it was useful for you.

但是，我们仍然希望它对您有用。

Thanks for watching!

感谢收看！

See you next time!

下次见！