How to Use Do in English - 5 Levels of English Grammar

英语动词 - 用DO来测试英语语法技能的5个级别

Hi, I’m Martin.

Hi，我是Martin。

Welcome to Oxford Online English!

欢迎来到Oxford Online English！

In this lesson, you can learn all about how to use the verb ‘do’.

在本课程中，您将学到使用动词 “ do”的所有方法。

Do you want to see more free English lessons?

您是否想看更多免费的英语课程？

You should visit our website: Oxford Online English dot com.

您要访问我们的网站： Oxford Online English dot com.

You can also book English classes with our professional teachers, who can help you with

您也可以向我们的专业老师订阅 英语课程，他们可以在

your English speaking, writing, IELTS preparation, or whatever else you need.

英语口语、写作、雅思准备或 任何您需要的方面帮助您。

One more thing: do you want to watch this video with subtitles?

还有一件事：您想看带字幕的视频吗？

You can!

您当然可以看字幕！

Turn them on now by clicking the ‘CC’ button in the bottom right.

点击视频播放器右下角的“CC”键， 就可打开字幕。

This is a ‘5 levels’ lesson.

这是一个“五个级别”的课程。

That means you’ll see five sections.

这也就是说您会看到五个单元。

Each section will give you a challenge.

在每一个单元，您会遇到一个挑战。

Each section is more difficult than the previous ones.

每一个单元会比上一个更难。

The early sections will focus mostly on grammar; higher levels will test your grammar and vocabulary

前面的单元将主要关注语法。 更高级别 会测试您的语法和

skills!

词汇技能。

Level one is beginner, so if you’re not a beginner, you should skip to level two.

级别一是针对新手的，如果您不是 新手，您要跳到级别二。

Ready?

准备好了吗？

Let’s go!

好，让我们开始。

Look at five sentences.

看一下这五个句子

Complete each sentence with one word.

用一个单词给每个句子完形填空。

Each word is a form of the verb ‘do’.

每一个单词都是动词“do”的一种形式。

Contractions, like ‘don’t’, count as one word.

缩写，像“don't”，算是一个单词。

Pause the video and do it now.

现在暂停视频并开始。

Ready?

做完了吗？

Here are the answers.

这就是答案。

What do you need to know here?

这里您需要知道什么呢？

Use ‘do’ to make negatives and questions in the present simple

使用“do”现在简单式造否定句和疑问句。

and the past simple.

还有过去简单式。

For example, take a positive sentence: ‘I like bananas.’

比如，造一个肯定句： “I like bananas.”

Make a negative: ‘I *don’t* like bananas.’

造一个否定句： “I *don’t* like bananas.”

Make a question: ‘Do you like bananas?’

造疑问句： “Do you like bananas?”

If you’re talking in the 3rd person – he, she or it – use ‘does’ and ‘doesn’t’.

如果您在用第三人称谈——他、她或 它，使用“does”和“doesn't”

Take a positive sentence: ‘She likes bananas.’

肯定句：“She likes bananas.”

Make a negative: ‘She doesn’t like bananas.’

否定句：“She doesn’t like bananas.“

Make a question: ‘Does she like bananas?’

疑问句：”Does she like bananas?”

In the past simple, use ‘didn’t’ to make negatives, and ‘did’ to make questions.

在过去简单式中，使用“didn't”来表达 否定，用“did”来提问。

Take a positive sentence: ‘They arrived early.’

肯定句：”They arrived early.“

Make a negative: ‘They didn’t arrive early.’

否定句：“They didn’t arrive early.”

Make a question: ‘Did they arrive early?’

疑问句: “Did they arrive early?”

There’s one exception.

有一个例外。

Don’t use ‘do’, ‘don’t’, ‘did’ or ‘didn’t’ with the verb ‘be’,

”do“，”don't“，”did“或”didn't“不能与动词”be“或者

or with modal verbs like ‘can’.

情态动词 ，像是“can”一起用。

Verbs like ‘be’ and ‘can’ make their own negatives and questions, without using

动词像是“be”和“can”有自己的否定 和疑问形式，不需要

‘do’.

使用“do”。

Clear?

清楚了吗？

If not, you can review this section again.

如果没有，您可以再复习下这单元。

If you think it’s difficult, you should study the present simple and past simple verb

如果您觉得太难了，您应该再学习下 现在简单式和过去简单式

tenses.

动词时态。

Focus on how to form negative sentences and questions.

重点关注如何去构建否定句和疑问句。

If everything’s OK, then let’s move on to level two!

如果这部分没问题了，那我们进入级别二。

Here’s your challenge for level two.

这是级别二的挑战。

Your job is to put the words in order to make a *question*.

您的任务是填写一个单词来 造一个*疑问句*。

That’s important: you need to make a question, not a sentence.

这很重要，您需要提一个问题， 而不是写一个陈述句。

Pause the video and think about your answers now.

现在暂停视频并思考您的答案。

Ready?

准备好了吗？

Let’s look.

让我们来看一下。

What does the first question – what do you do?

第一个问题---“what do you do ?”

– mean?

是什么意思？

It means ‘what’s your job?’.

它的意思是“您的工作是什么”

It’s common in spoken English.

在英语口语中，这是常用的。

In level one, you saw that you use ‘do’ to make questions in the present and past

在级别一，您看到了您用“do”在 现在式和过去简单式中

simple.

造疑问句。

There are different kinds of question you can make, but there’s another point here.

有很多种方式您可以用来造疑问句， 但是这有另一种观点。

‘Do’ can be two things.

“Do”可以有两个意思。

It can be a main verb, which has real meaning.

它可以是主动词，有实际意义。

It can also be an auxiliary verb, which you use to make negatives and questions.

它也可以是助动词，您用它来造 疑问句和否定句。

It can also do both things in the same sentence.

在同一句话中，也可以同时有 这两种用法。

All these questions use ‘do’ twice, once as a main verb, and once as an auxiliary verb.

在所有用两次“do”的疑问句中，一次是 做主动词，一次是做助动词。

This is extremely common in English!

这在英语中极其常见！

Anyway, let’s look at some different ways you can use ‘do’ to make questions.

不管怎样，让我们来看一下以不同 方式用“do”来造疑问句。

You can make yes/no questions, which start with the word ‘do’, ‘does’, and so

您能造以“do”，“does”和诸如此类 单词开头的“是/否”

on.

疑问句。

For example, see question three.

比如，看疑问句三。

You can make questions with a question word, like ‘what’, ‘where’, ‘who’, and

您可以使用疑问词来造疑问句，像是 “ what”、“ where”、“ who”和

so on.

诸如此类的单词。

See question one for an example.

参见问题一的例子。

You can also make questions with a question tag, like numbers two and five.

您也可以使用反义疑问来造 疑问句，像是问题二和五。

This can have several different meanings.

这可能有几种不同的含义。

You can use a tag question to check something, when you think you know the answer already.

当您认为自己已经知道回答时， 可以使用反义疑问句来确认。

You can also use it to show surprise or interest.

您也可以使用它来显示惊喜或兴趣。

Here’s a question: in number two, the question tag is negative – ‘don’t you?’

这是一个问题：在问题二中，反义疑问句 是否定的—“don’t you?”

– but in number five, the tag is positive – ‘do you?’

–但是在问题五中，反义疑问句 是肯定的—“do you?”

Do you know why?

您知道为什么吗？

If you want to check information, meaning that you want to ask a question but you think

如果您想检查信息，意味着您想提 一个问题，但您认为

you know the answer already, then the question tag

你已经知道答案了，然后反义疑问句

should be the opposite of the main verb.

应该与主要动词相反。

That means, if the main verb is positive, the tag should be negative; if the main verb

这意味着，如果主动词为肯定的，则 反义疑问句应为否定；如果

is negative, the tag should be positive.

主动词为否定，则反义疑问句 应为肯定。

So, ‘you do yoga, don’t you?’

所以，“you do yoga, don’t you?”

means that I think you do yoga, and I’m asking to confirm my idea.

意思是我认为您在做瑜伽， 我想确认我的想法。

Use a positive sentence plus a positive question tag to show interest.

使用肯定句加上肯定的反义 疑问句来表示兴趣。

‘You do taekwondo, do you?’

“You do taekwondo, do you?”

looks like a question, but it isn’t really a question.

看起来像一个问题，但这并不是 一个真正的问题。

It shows politeness and interest in the person you’re talking to.

它显示出您对交谈对方的礼貌 和兴趣。

This form is common when making small talk.

闲聊时这种形式很常见。

You can also make negative questions, starting with ‘don’t’, ‘doesn’t’, or ‘didn’t’.

您还可以用“don't”、“doesn't”或“didn't” 开头来造否定疑问句。

You use these to express surprise or frustration.

您用这些来表达吃惊或沮丧。

Question four is an example of this.

问题四就是一个例子。

Like number five, this isn’t a real question.

像问题五，这不是一个真正的问题。

You use it to express an emotion.

您用它来表达一种情感。

When you use negative questions, intonation is important: ‘Didn’t you do the dishes?’

当您用否定问句时，语调很重要： “Didn’t you do the dishes?”

Let’s move on to level three.

让我们进入级别三。

This time, we’ll do something a little different.

这次，我们将做有点不同的事情。

Each of these five sentences contains a mistake.

这五个句子中的每一个都包含 一个错误。

Your job is to find the mistake and correct it.

您的作业是找到错误并予以纠正。

Pause the video and do it now.

暂停视频，现在开始做。

Think carefully about your answers.

请仔细考虑您的答案。

Do you need to add a word, remove a word, or change a word?

您需要添加、删除还是更改一个单词？

Here are the answers.

这里是答案。

Sentence one is an *indirect* question.

第一个句子是一个*间接*疑问句。

An indirect question starts with a polite phrase like ‘Can you tell me…’ or ‘Do

一个间接疑问句以礼貌的短语开头，像是 “Can you tell me…”或

you know…’

“Do you know…”

You use indirect questions when you want to sound more polite.

当您想听起来更有礼貌时， 可以使用间接疑问句。

Indirect questions *don’t* use ‘do’, ‘does’ and so on as an auxiliary verb.

间接疑问句*不要*使用“ do”，“ does” 诸如此类的来作助动词。

This is a common mistake.

这是一个常见错误。

In question two, you need to use ‘does’ as an auxiliary verb to refer to another verb

在问题二中，您需要使用“ does”作为 助动词来引用另一个动词

– ‘like’ – which you used earlier.

— 'like'—您之前使用过的。

In most cases, the auxiliary verb you need depends on the verb tense, *not* on the original

在大多数情况下，您需要的助动词 取决于动词的时态，而不是

verb.

动词原型。

The exception is verbs like ‘be’, ‘can’ and so on, which can be their own auxiliary

动词如“ be”，“ can”等例外，它们 可以作为自己的

verbs.

助动词。

Here, the verb ‘like’ is present simple, so it uses the auxiliary verb do/does.

在这里，动词“ like”是现在简单式， 因此它使用助动词do / does。

In number three, you have a verb – ask – which needs to be followed by an infinitive with

在问题三中，有一个动词– Ask， 这后面要跟一个不定式

‘to’.

介词”to“。

Here, the infinitive is negative.

在这里，不定式是否定的。

You make negative infinitives by adding ‘not’.

您用添加“ not”来造否定的动词不定式。

You don’t use ‘don’t’, ‘doesn’t’, or any other form of ‘do.

您不能用“don't”、“doesn't” 或”do“的 任何其他形式。

In number four, you need to know something about how to use ‘do’ and ‘make’.

在问题四中，您需要了解有关如何使用 “ do”和“ make”。

This is more of a vocabulary point.

这是一个重点词汇。

In many cases, you need to remember whether a word – like ‘progress’ – goes with

在许多情况下，您需要记住是否有 一个单词，例如“ progress”与

‘do’ or ‘make’.

“do” 或 “make”连用。

Number five is also a vocabulary point.

问题五也是一个词汇要点。

There are many fixed phrases with ‘do’, like ‘do someone a favour’.

有很多与“ do”搭配的固定短语， 例如“do someone a favour”。

After ‘do’, you need a person – ‘do *me* a favour’, ‘do *you* a favour’

”Do“后面，需要加一个人， 比如 "do *me* a favour"，

– and so on.

"do "you" a favour"，等等。

So, to review, the topics covered in level three are: indirect questions, ‘do’ as

因此，回顾一下，第三级别涉及主题 是：间接疑问句，“Do”做为

an auxiliary verb, negative infinitives, ‘do’ versus ‘make’, and fixed phrases with

一个助动词、否定不定式，“ do”与 “ make”以及带有”do“

‘do’.

的固定词组。

Where were you stronger or weaker?

您在哪里更强或更弱？

Think about what you know, and what you need to focus on to improve.

考虑一下您所知道的，以及您需要 集中精力提高的内容。

Anyway, time for level four!

无论如何，我们进入级别四。

Here are your sentences for level four.

这是在级别四的句子

You need to complete each sentence with two words.

您需要用两个单词来完成每个句子。

One word is a form of ‘do’.

一个词是“do”的一种形式。

Remember: you *must* use exactly two words!

请记住：您*必须*用两个单词。

Let’s see the answers.

让我们看看答案。

So, what do you need to know here?

那么，您在这里需要知道什么？

In level three, you saw that there are negative infinitive forms.

在级别三中，您看到有否定不定式形式。

There are also negative -ing forms.

也有否定-ing形式。

Like negative infinitives, you just add ‘not’ to make the sentence negative.

像否定不定式一样，您只需添加“not” 即可使句子变为否定。

You can see this in sentence one.

您可以在第一句中看到这一点。

Number two is a participle clause.

第二句是一个分词从句。

The meaning is similar to: ‘Because I hadn’t done anything similar before…’

含义类似于：“因为我之前没有做过 任何类似的事情……”

What about three?

那第三个呢？

Can you explain what’s going on there?

您能解释一下是怎么回事吗？

Remember that ‘do’ can be both an auxiliary verb and a main verb, and it can also do both

请记住，“ do”既可以是助动词，也可以是 主动词，并且在一个句子里

things in one sentence.

也可以同时有两种意思。

Auxiliary verbs can be used to add emphasis; for example, if you want to contradict what

助动词可以用来强调。例如，如果您想

someone else says.

否定别人说的。

Here, ‘did’ is an auxiliary verb which adds emphasis, and ‘do’ is a main verb.

在这里，“ did”是一个助动词，它增加了 强调效果，而“ do”是一个主动词。

So, if someone asked you ‘Why didn’t you do it?’, you might answer like this ‘I

因此，如果有人问您“为什么您不这样 做？”，您可能会这样回答：

*did* do it.

“I *did* do it，

I just forgot to send it to you!’

I just forgot to send it to you!’

You use the auxiliary verb – ‘did’ – to add emphasis and contradict the other person.

您使用助动词–“ did” –来加重强调， 并否定另一个人。

Four and five are vocabulary points.

第四和第五句是词汇点。

‘Do your best’ is a fixed phrase meaning ‘try as hard as you can.’

“Do your best”是一个固定词组，意思是 “try as hard as you can.”/尽力而为。

For example, you could say ‘We did our best, but we didn’t have four of our best players,

例如，您可以说“We did our best, but we didn’t have four of our best players,

so it’s not surprising we lost three-nil.’

so it’s not surprising we lost three-nil.”

‘Do with’ is a conversational way to say ‘want’.

“Do with”是表示“想要”的 一种口语方式。

‘I could do with a long holiday’ means that I really want a long holiday right now!

“I could do with a long holiday”意味着 我现在真的想要一个长假！

Remember: you can review any section of this video as many times as you need.

请记住：您可以根据需要随便看 本视频的任何部分。

Here’s a tip: a big difficulty with ‘do’ is that it has so many different uses.

这里有个提示：“do”的一大困难是 它有许多不同的用途。

It can be a main verb, an auxiliary verb, or it can be used in fixed phrases and phrasal

它可以是主动词、助动词，或也 可以用于固定短语

verbs.

和动词短语。

So, when you see ‘do’ in a sentence, ask yourself which thing it is.

因此，当您在句子中看到“do”时， 先问自己是什么意思。

Is it a main verb, an auxiliary verb, or part of a longer phrase?

它是主动词、辅助动词还是短语的一部分？

Getting this clear will help you to understand how to use ‘do’ more accurately.

弄清楚这一点将帮助您了解 如何更准确地使用“ do”。

Now, are you ready for level five?

现在，您准备好进入级别五吗？

Let’s try!

我们试试吧！

Ready for the hardest challenge?

准备好迎接最艰巨的挑战了吗？

Here are five of the hardest sentences we could make.

这是我们能造出的五个最难的句子。

Your job is to complete them with one or two words.

您的作业是用一个或两个单词来完成它们。

One of the words must be a form of ‘do’.

单词中的一个必须是“do”的一个形式。

Contractions, like ‘don’t’, count as one word.

缩略词，例如“don’t”，算作一个单词。

Could you do it?

您能做到吗？

Let’s see the answers.

让我们看看答案。

Most of the sentences here test vocabulary points.

这大多数句子是测试词汇量。

For example, take sentence one.

例如，看下第一句。

In conversational English, ‘do’ can have the meaning of ‘be enough, but not very

在英语会话中，“do”有个意思是“足够，

good’.

但不是很好“。

If you say ‘it’ll do’, you mean that it’s not great, but it’s enough for you.

如果您说“会做”，则表示它并不好， 但对您来说已经足够。

Sentence two tests a grammar point.

第二句测试语法点。

Hopefully, you know already that you can use ‘do’ as an auxiliary verb to refer back

希望您已经知道可以使用“ do”作为 助动词来指代您之前使用的

to a verb or verb phrase you used earlier.

一个动词或一个动词短语。

If you didn’t use ‘do’ here, you would have to repeat the full phrase ‘his chances

如果您在此处未使用“do'”， 则必须重复完整的短语

of working for the EU’, which would be repetitive.

“his chances of working for the EU”， 这将会重复。

However, here you also need an -ing verb.

但是，这里还需要一个-ing动词。

When you want to use ‘do’ as an auxiliary verb to replace an earlier verb, *and* you

当您想使用'do'作为助动词来替换 先前的动词时，“以及”

want to use an -ing form, or to plus infinitive, you should use ‘do so’.

当您想使用-ing形式、或者加上不定式 时，应当使用“do so”。

‘Do so’ is formal.

“do so”是正式的。

In spoken or informal English, you’d probably say ‘do it’ or ‘do that’.

用口语或非正式英语，您可能会 说“do it”或“do that”。

Three, four and five all test your vocabulary.

第三、四和五句全部要测试 您的词汇量。

In three, ‘get it done’ is a conversational way to say ‘finish something’.

在第三句，“get it done”是“finish something”的一种口头方式。

In number four, ‘doing well for themselves’ means that they’re making a lot of money,

在第四句，“doing well for themselves” 意味着他们赚了很多钱，

so they have a comfortable lifestyle.

因此他们拥有舒适的生活方式。

In sentence five, ‘it hasn’t done me much good’ is a semi-fixed phrase.

在第五句，“it hasn’t done me much good” 是一个半固定的短语。

If you want to make the phrase positive, say ‘it’s done me *a lot of* good’.

如果您想使该短语为肯定的，请说 “it’s done me a lot of good"

Of course, you can also use this to talk about other people.

当然，您也可以使用它来谈论其他人。

For example ‘She looks so much happier these days.

例如，“She looks so much happier these days

Switching to part time work seems to have done her a lot of good.’

Switching to part time work seems to have done her a lot of good.’

So, how did you do?

那么，您做得怎样？

Which topics did you find the hardest?

您发现最困难的主题是？

We think level five is the hardest, because it tests a lot of fixed and conversational

我们认为级别五是最难的，因为它 测试了很多固定的和会话性的

phrases.

词组。

Do you agree?

您同意吗？

Please share your thoughts in the comments.

请在评论中分享您的想法。

That’s all for now.

今天就到这。

See you next time!

下次见！