How to Use Do in English - 5 Levels of English Grammar

英语语法的5个级别-如何使用英语 'Do'

Hi, I’m Martin.

Hi 我是Martin

Welcome to Oxford Online English!

欢迎来到牛津在线英语

In this lesson, you can learn all about how to use the verb ‘do’.

在本课程中，您将学习如何使用动词“ do”的所有方法。

Do you want to see more free English lessons?

您是否想看更多免费的英语课程？

You should visit our website: Oxford Online English dot com.

你应该访问我们的网站：牛津在线英语官网

You can also book English classes with our professional teachers, who can help you with

你也可以订阅我们的英语课程，我们专业的英老师可以帮助你

your English speaking, writing, IELTS preparation, or whatever else you need.

在英语口语，写作，雅思准备等方面，只要你有需要

One more thing: do you want to watch this video with subtitles?

还有一件事：您想观看带字幕的视频吗？

You can!

你当然可以（看字幕）

Turn them on now by clicking the ‘CC’ button in the bottom right.

在右下角，点击“CC”便可打开字幕

This is a ‘5 levels’ lesson.

这个课程将分5个层次

That means you’ll see five sections.

这也就是说你会看到五个部分

Each section will give you a challenge.

每一个部分将会给你一个挑战

Each section is more difficult than the previous ones.

每一个部分将会比前一个部分难

The early sections will focus mostly on grammar; higher levels will test your grammar and vocabulary

前面部分将主要关注语法。 更高的水平将测试您的语法和词汇量

skills!

技能

Level one is beginner, so if you’re not a beginner, you should skip to level two.

第一个水平阶段是针对新手的，如果你不是新手，你可以跳到第二个阶段

Ready?

准备好了吗

Let’s go!

好，让我们开始

Look at five sentences.

看一下这五个句子

Complete each sentence with one word.

用一个单词把句子补充完整

Each word is a form of the verb ‘do’.

每一个词都是动词“do”的一种形式

Contractions, like ‘don’t’, count as one word.

缩写，像“don't”，缩写成一个单词

Pause the video and do it now.

现在暂停视频并开始

Ready?

准备好了嘛

Here are the answers.

这就是答案

What do you need to know here?

这里你需要知道什么呢

Use ‘do’ to make negatives and questions in the present simple

使用“do”使否定和现在时变得简单，

and the past simple.

还有过去时

For example, take a positive sentence: ‘I like bananas.’

比如，一个肯定句：我喜欢香蕉

Make a negative: ‘I *don’t* like bananas.’

否定句：我不喜欢香蕉

Make a question: ‘Do you like bananas?’

提问:你喜欢香蕉吗

If you’re talking in the 3rd person – he, she or it – use ‘does’ and ‘doesn’t’.

如果你是对他人说话，他，她或它，使用“does”和“doesn't”

Take a positive sentence: ‘She likes bananas.’

肯定：她喜欢香蕉

Make a negative: ‘She doesn’t like bananas.’

否定：她不喜欢香蕉

Make a question: ‘Does she like bananas?’

提问：她喜欢香蕉吗？

In the past simple, use ‘didn’t’ to make negatives, and ‘did’ to make questions.

在简单过去式中，使用“didn't”来表达否定，用“did”来提问

Take a positive sentence: ‘They arrived early.’

肯定：他们到得比较早

Make a negative: ‘They didn’t arrive early.’

否定：他们没有到得很早

Make a question: ‘Did they arrive early?’

提问: 他们喜欢香蕉吗

There’s one exception.

有一个例外

Don’t use ‘do’, ‘don’t’, ‘did’ or ‘didn’t’ with the verb ‘be’,

”do“，”don't“，”did“或”didn't“不能与”be“动词一起用

or with modal verbs like ‘can’.

或者情态动词 “can”

Verbs like ‘be’ and ‘can’ make their own negatives and questions, without using

“be”和“can”可以用其自身搭配来表达否定和提问，不需要使用“do”

‘do’.

Clear?

清楚了吗

If not, you can review this section again.

如果没有，你可以再复习下这部分

If you think it’s difficult, you should study the present simple and past simple verb

如果你觉得太难了，你应该再学习下一般现在时和简单过去时

tenses.

Focus on how to form negative sentences and questions.

重点关注如何去表达否定和提问

If everything’s OK, then let’s move on to level two!

如果这部分没问题了，那我们进入下一部分

Here’s your challenge for level two.

这是第二部分的挑战练习

Your job is to put the words in order to make a *question*.

你的任务是填写一个单词去造一个问句

That’s important: you need to make a question, not a sentence.

这很重要，你需要提一个问题，而不是写一个陈述句

Pause the video and think about your answers now.

现在暂停视频并思考你的答案

Ready?

准备好了吗

Let’s look.

让我们来看一下

What does the first question – what do you do?

第一个问题---“what do you do ?”

– mean?

这是什么意思？

It means ‘what’s your job?’.

它的意思是“你的工作是什么”

It’s common in spoken English.

再英语口语中，这是通用表达

In level one, you saw that you use ‘do’ to make questions in the present and past

在第一部分，你可以用“do”在现在时和过去式中表示提问

simple.

There are different kinds of question you can make, but there’s another point here.

你可以有很多种方式去提问，但是现在这又有另一种观点

‘Do’ can be two things.

“Do”可以有两个意思

It can be a main verb, which has real meaning.

它可以是主动词，有实际意义

It can also be an auxiliary verb, which you use to make negatives and questions.

它也可以是助动词，仅仅用来提问和表示否定

It can also do both things in the same sentence.

在一句话中，它也可以同时拥有这两种意思

All these questions use ‘do’ twice, once as a main verb, and once as an auxiliary verb.

在一些提问中，用了两次“do”的，一次就是主动词，一次就是助动词

This is extremely common in English!

这在英语中是很正常的

Anyway, let’s look at some different ways you can use ‘do’ to make questions.

不管怎样，让我们来看一下以不同的方式用“do”来提问

You can make yes/no questions, which start with the word ‘do’, ‘does’, and so

现在提一个“是/否”问题，这些问题以“do”，“does”这些开头

on.

For example, see question three.

比如，看问题3

You can make questions with a question word, like ‘what’, ‘where’, ‘who’, and

您可以使用疑问词来提问，例如“ what”，“ where”，“ who”和“ who”。

so on.

以此类推。

See question one for an example.

参见问题一的例子。

You can also make questions with a question tag, like numbers two and five.

您也可以使用问号来提问，例如问题2和5。

This can have several different meanings.

这可能有几种不同的含义。

You can use a tag question to check something, when you think you know the answer already.

当您认为自己已经知道答案时，可以使用附加疑问问进行检查。

You can also use it to show surprise or interest.

您也可以使用它来显示惊喜或兴趣

Here’s a question: in number two, the question tag is negative – ‘don’t you?’

这是一个问题：在第二个问题中，疑问句是否定的-“不是吗？”

– but in number five, the tag is positive – ‘do you?’

–但是在第五个问题中，疑问句是正面的-“你呢？”

Do you know why?

你知道为什么吗？

If you want to check information, meaning that you want to ask a question but you think

如果您想查看信息，这意味着您想提出一个问题，但是您认为你已经知道答案了

you know the answer already, then the question tag

这就是疑问句

should be the opposite of the main verb.

应该与主要动词相反。

That means, if the main verb is positive, the tag should be negative; if the main verb

这意味着，如果主动词为肯定的，则疑问句应为否定；如果主动词

is negative, the tag should be positive.

如果为否定，则疑问句应为肯定。

So, ‘you do yoga, don’t you?’

所以，“你做瑜伽，不是吗？”

means that I think you do yoga, and I’m asking to confirm my idea.

表示我认为您正在做瑜伽，我想确认我的想法。

Use a positive sentence plus a positive question tag to show interest.

使用肯定的句子加上肯定的疑问表示兴趣。

‘You do taekwondo, do you?’

“你做跆拳道，对吗？”

looks like a question, but it isn’t really a question.

看起来像一个问题，但这并不是一个真正的问题。

It shows politeness and interest in the person you’re talking to.

它显示出您正在与之交谈的人的礼貌和兴趣。

This form is common when making small talk.

闲聊时这种现象很常见。

You can also make negative questions, starting with ‘don’t’, ‘doesn’t’, or ‘didn’t’.

您还可以提出否定问题，以“不”，“不”或“不”开始。

You use these to express surprise or frustration.

您用这些来表达惊讶或沮丧。

Question four is an example of this.

问题四就是一个例子。

Like number five, this isn’t a real question.

像第五个问题，这不是一个真正的问题。

You use it to express an emotion.

您用它来表达一种情感。

When you use negative questions, intonation is important: ‘Didn’t you do the dishes?’

当您使用否定性问题时，语调很重要：“您不洗碗吗？”

Let’s move on to level three.

让我们继续第三级。

This time, we’ll do something a little different.

这次，我们将做一些不同的事情。

Each of these five sentences contains a mistake.

这五个句子中的每个句子都包含一个错误

Your job is to find the mistake and correct it.

您的工作是找到错误并予以纠正。

Pause the video and do it now.

暂停视频并立即执行。

Think carefully about your answers.

请仔细考虑您的答案。

Do you need to add a word, remove a word, or change a word?

您需要添加单词，删除单词还是更改单词？

Here are the answers.

这里是答案。

Sentence one is an *indirect* question.

第一个句子是一个*间接*问题。

An indirect question starts with a polite phrase like ‘Can you tell me…’ or ‘Do

间接问题以礼貌的短语开头，例如“您能告诉我...”或“你知道...”

you know…’

You use indirect questions when you want to sound more polite.

当您想听起来更有礼貌时，可以使用间接问题。

Indirect questions *don’t* use ‘do’, ‘does’ and so on as an auxiliary verb.

间接问题*不要*使用“ do”，“ does”等作为辅助动词。

This is a common mistake.

这是一个常见的错误。

In question two, you need to use ‘does’ as an auxiliary verb to refer to another verb

在第二个问题中，您需要使用“ does”作为辅助动词来引用另一个动词

– ‘like’ – which you used earlier.

比如 'like'–您之前使用过的

In most cases, the auxiliary verb you need depends on the verb tense, *not* on the original

在大多数情况下，您需要的辅助动词取决于动词的时态，而不是取决于原始动词

verb.

The exception is verbs like ‘be’, ‘can’ and so on, which can be their own auxiliary

动词如“ be”，“ can”等例外，它们可以作为自己的辅助词

verbs.

Here, the verb ‘like’ is present simple, so it uses the auxiliary verb do/does.

在这里，动词“ like”表示现在时，因此它使用辅助动词do / does。

In number three, you have a verb – ask – which needs to be followed by an infinitive with

在第三个问题中，有一个动词– Ask，这后面要跟一个不定式介词”to“

‘to’.

Here, the infinitive is negative.

在这里，不定式为否定。

You make negative infinitives by adding ‘not’.

通过添加“ not”来使使其成为否定式动词不定式

You don’t use ‘don’t’, ‘doesn’t’, or any other form of ‘do.

您不使用“don't”，“doesn't” 或”do“的任何其他形式

In number four, you need to know something about how to use ‘do’ and ‘make’.

在第四个问题中，您需要了解有关如何使用“ do”和“ make”的知识

This is more of a vocabulary point.

这是一个重点词汇

In many cases, you need to remember whether a word – like ‘progress’ – goes with

在许多情况下，您需要记住是否有一个单词（例如“ progress”）与‘do’ 或 ‘make’连用

‘do’ or ‘make’.

Number five is also a vocabulary point.

第五个问题也是一个词汇要点

There are many fixed phrases with ‘do’, like ‘do someone a favour’.

“ do”有很多固定的短语，例如“帮某人一个忙”。

After ‘do’, you need a person – ‘do *me* a favour’, ‘do *you* a favour’

”Do“后面，需要加一个人，比如 "do sb a favour"

– and so on.

So, to review, the topics covered in level three are: indirect questions, ‘do’ as

因此，回顾一下，第三部分中涉及的主题是：间接问题，“Do”做为

an auxiliary verb, negative infinitives, ‘do’ versus ‘make’, and fixed phrases with

辅助动词，否定不定式，“ do”与“ make”以及带有”do“的固定词语

‘do’.

Where were you stronger or weaker?

你在哪里更强或更弱？

Think about what you know, and what you need to focus on to improve.

考虑一下您所知道的，以及您需要集中精力改进的内容

Anyway, time for level four!

无论如何，时间到第四部分

Here are your sentences for level four.

这是您第四部分的句子

You need to complete each sentence with two words.

您需要用两个词来完成每个句子。

One word is a form of ‘do’.

一个词是“do”的一种形式。

Remember: you *must* use exactly two words!

请记住：必须是两个单词

Let’s see the answers.

让我们看看答案。

So, what do you need to know here?

那么，您在这里需要知道什么？

In level three, you saw that there are negative infinitive forms.

在第三部分中，您看到存在否定不定式形式。

There are also negative -ing forms.

也有否定-ing形式。

Like negative infinitives, you just add ‘not’ to make the sentence negative.

像否定不定式一样，您只需添加'not'即可使句子变为否定。

You can see this in sentence one.

您可以在第一句中看到这一点。

Number two is a participle clause.

第二个是分词从句。

The meaning is similar to: ‘Because I hadn’t done anything similar before…’

含义类似于：“因为我之前没有做过类似的事情……”

What about three?

那第三个呢？

Can you explain what’s going on there?

你能解释一下发生了什么吗？

Remember that ‘do’ can be both an auxiliary verb and a main verb, and it can also do both

请记住，“ do”既可以是辅助动词，也可以是主要动词，并且也可以同有两种意思，

things in one sentence.

在一个句子当中

Auxiliary verbs can be used to add emphasis; for example, if you want to contradict what

助动词可以用来强调。例如，如果您想否定别人说什么

someone else says.

Here, ‘did’ is an auxiliary verb which adds emphasis, and ‘do’ is a main verb.

在这里，“ did”是一个辅助动词，它增加了强调，而“ do”是一个主动词。

So, if someone asked you ‘Why didn’t you do it?’, you might answer like this ‘I

因此，如果有人问您“为什么不这样做？”，您可能会这样回答：“I did” or I do""

*did* do it.

I just forgot to send it to you!’

我只是忘了寄给你！”

You use the auxiliary verb – ‘did’ – to add emphasis and contradict the other person.

您使用辅助动词–“ did” –来加重强调并与否定另一个人

Four and five are vocabulary points.

第四和第五考察词汇点

‘Do your best’ is a fixed phrase meaning ‘try as hard as you can.’

“尽力而为”是一个固定短语，意思是“尽力而为”。

For example, you could say ‘We did our best, but we didn’t have four of our best players,

例如，您可以说“我们尽了最大的努力，但是我们没有四个最好的球员，

so it’s not surprising we lost three-nil.’

因此，我们输了三零也就不足为奇了。”

‘Do with’ is a conversational way to say ‘want’.

“Do with”是一种对话方式去表示“想要”。

‘I could do with a long holiday’ means that I really want a long holiday right now!

“我可以度过一个长假”意味着我现在真的想要一个长假！

Remember: you can review any section of this video as many times as you need.

请记住：您可以根据需要多次查看该视频的任何部分。

Here’s a tip: a big difficulty with ‘do’ is that it has so many different uses.

这里有个提示：“do”的一大困难是它有许多不同的用途。

It can be a main verb, an auxiliary verb, or it can be used in fixed phrases and phrasal

它可以是主要动词，辅助动词，也可以用于固定短语和动词短语

verbs.

So, when you see ‘do’ in a sentence, ask yourself which thing it is.

因此，当您在句子中看到“do”时，先问自己是什么意思

Is it a main verb, an auxiliary verb, or part of a longer phrase?

它是主动词，辅助动词还是短语的一部分？

Getting this clear will help you to understand how to use ‘do’ more accurately.

弄清楚这一点将帮助您了解如何更准确地使用“ do”。

Now, are you ready for level five?

现在，您准备好进入第五级部分了吗？

Let’s try!

咱们试试吧！

Ready for the hardest challenge?

准备好迎接最艰巨的挑战了吗？

Here are five of the hardest sentences we could make.

这是我们能做出的五个最难的句子。

Your job is to complete them with one or two words.

您的工作是用一个或两个单词来完成它们。

One of the words must be a form of ‘do’.

单词之一必须是“do”的形式。

Contractions, like ‘don’t’, count as one word.

缩略词，例如“不要”，算作一个单词。

Could you do it?

你能做到吗？

Let’s see the answers.

让我们看看答案。

Most of the sentences here test vocabulary points.

大多数句子是测试词汇量

For example, take sentence one.

例如，第一句

In conversational English, ‘do’ can have the meaning of ‘be enough, but not very

在会话英语中，“do”有个意思是“足够，但不是很好“

good’.

If you say ‘it’ll do’, you mean that it’s not great, but it’s enough for you.

如果您说“会做”，则表示它并不好，但对您来说已经足够。

Sentence two tests a grammar point.

句子二测试语法点

Hopefully, you know already that you can use ‘do’ as an auxiliary verb to refer back

希望您已经知道可以使用“ do”作为辅助动词来回指代

to a verb or verb phrase you used earlier.

您之前使用的动词或动词短语。

If you didn’t use ‘do’ here, you would have to repeat the full phrase ‘his chances

如果您在此处未使用“do'”，则必须重复完整的短语“his chances of working for the EU”

of working for the EU’, which would be repetitive.

这将是重复的

However, here you also need an -ing verb.

但是，这里还需要一个-ing动词。

When you want to use ‘do’ as an auxiliary verb to replace an earlier verb, *and* you

当您想使用'do'作为辅助动词来替换先前的动词时，

want to use an -ing form, or to plus infinitive, you should use ‘do so’.

你可以使用-ing形式，或者加上不定式，否则应使用“do so”。

‘Do so’ is formal.

“do so”是正式的。

In spoken or informal English, you’d probably say ‘do it’ or ‘do that’.

用口语或非正式英语，您可能会说“do it”或“do that”。

Three, four and five all test your vocabulary.

三，四和五全部测试您的词汇量。

In three, ‘get it done’ is a conversational way to say ‘finish something’.

第三个句子，“get it done”是一种“finish something”的对话方式。

In number four, ‘doing well for themselves’ means that they’re making a lot of money,

在第四位，“doing well for themselves”意味着他们赚了很多钱，

so they have a comfortable lifestyle.

因此他们拥有舒适的生活方式。

In sentence five, ‘it hasn’t done me much good’ is a semi-fixed phrase.

在第五句话中，“it hasn’t done me much good”是一个半固定的短语。

If you want to make the phrase positive, say ‘it’s done me *a lot of* good’.

如果您想使该短语为肯定的，请说“it’s done me a lot of good"

Of course, you can also use this to talk about other people.

当然，您也可以使用它来谈论其他人。

For example ‘She looks so much happier these days.

例如，“She looks so much happier these days

Switching to part time work seems to have done her a lot of good.’

Switching to part time work seems to have done her a lot of good.’

So, how did you do?

那么，你是怎么做到的？

Which topics did you find the hardest?

您发现最困难的主题是？

We think level five is the hardest, because it tests a lot of fixed and conversational

我们认为第五部分是最难的，因为它测试了很多固定的和会话性的

phrases.

词组。

Do you agree?

你同意吗？

Please share your thoughts in the comments.

请在评论中分享您的想法。

That’s all for now.

目前为止就这样了。

See you next time!

下次见！