How to Use Do in English - 5 Levels of English Grammar

107,443 views ใƒป 2020-02-14

Oxford Online English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Hi, Iโ€™m Martin.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์ €๋Š” ๋งˆํ‹ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:03
Welcome to Oxford Online English!
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์˜ฅ์Šคํฌ๋“œ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์˜์–ด์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
00:06
In this lesson, you can learn all about how to use the verb โ€˜doโ€™.
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์ด ๋ ˆ์Šจ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ 'do'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:11
Do you want to see more free English lessons?
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์œผ์„ธ์š”?
00:14
You should visit our website: Oxford Online English dot com.
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์ €ํฌ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜์…”์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: Oxford Online English dot com.
00:20
You can also book English classes with our professional teachers, who can help you with
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00:25
your English speaking, writing, IELTS preparation, or whatever else you need.
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์˜์–ด ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ, ์“ฐ๊ธฐ, IELTS ์ค€๋น„ ๋˜๋Š” ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋„์™€์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ „๋ฌธ ๊ต์‚ฌ์™€ ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์˜ˆ์•ฝํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:31
One more thing: do you want to watch this video with subtitles?
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ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋”: ์ด ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ์ž๋ง‰๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ณด์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
00:36
You can!
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ ํ•˜๋‹จ์˜
00:37
Turn them on now by clicking the โ€˜CCโ€™ button in the bottom right.
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'CC' ๋ฒ„ํŠผ์„ ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ผœ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค .
00:44
This is a โ€˜5 levelsโ€™ lesson.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ '5๋‹จ๊ณ„' ์ˆ˜์—…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:47
That means youโ€™ll see five sections.
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์ฆ‰, 5๊ฐœ์˜ ์„น์…˜์ด ํ‘œ์‹œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:50
Each section will give you a challenge.
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๊ฐ ์„น์…˜์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋„์ „์„ ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:53
Each section is more difficult than the previous ones.
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๊ฐ ์„น์…˜์€ ์ด์ „ ์„น์…˜๋ณด๋‹ค ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
00:56
The early sections will focus mostly on grammar; higher levels will test your grammar and vocabulary
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์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์„น์…˜์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถœ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋” ๋†’์€ ๋ ˆ๋ฒจ์€ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์–ดํœ˜๋ ฅ์„ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:04
skills!
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!
01:06
Level one is beginner, so if youโ€™re not a beginner, you should skip to level two.
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1๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š” ์ดˆ๊ธ‰์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ดˆ๋ณด์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋ฉด 2๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ๊ฑด๋„ˆ๋›ฐ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
Ready?
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์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋œ?
01:14
Letโ€™s go!
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๊ฐ‘์‹œ๋‹ค!
01:18
Look at five sentences.
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๋‹ค์„ฏ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
01:24
Complete each sentence with one word.
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ํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ๊ฐ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์™„์„ฑํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
01:28
Each word is a form of the verb โ€˜doโ€™.
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๊ฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ 'do'์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:32
Contractions, like โ€˜donโ€™tโ€™, count as one word.
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'ํ•˜์ง€๋งˆ'์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์€ ํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
Pause the video and do it now.
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๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ์ผ์‹œ ์ค‘์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
01:41
Ready?
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์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋œ?
01:43
Here are the answers.
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๋‹ต์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
What do you need to know here?
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ํ˜„์žฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
01:51
Use โ€˜doโ€™ to make negatives and questions in the present simple
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๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ๊ณผ ์˜๋ฌธ๋ฌธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 'do'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:56
and the past simple.
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.
01:59
For example, take a positive sentence: โ€˜I like bananas.โ€™
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ: 'I like bananas'
02:05
Make a negative: โ€˜I *donโ€™t* like bananas.โ€™
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๋ถ€์ • ๋ฌธ์žฅ: 'I *don't* like bananas'
02:09
Make a question: โ€˜Do you like bananas?โ€™
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์งˆ๋ฌธ: 'Do you like bananas?'
02:14
If youโ€™re talking in the 3rd person โ€“ he, she or it โ€“ use โ€˜doesโ€™ and โ€˜doesnโ€™tโ€™.
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3์ธ์นญ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ โ€“ ๊ทธ, ๊ทธ๋…€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ โ€“ 'ํ•œ๋‹ค'์™€ 'ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
02:22
Take a positive sentence: โ€˜She likes bananas.โ€™
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๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋ณด๊ธฐ: '๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋‚˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ด.'
02:27
Make a negative: โ€˜She doesnโ€™t like bananas.โ€™
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๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ: '
02:34
Make a question: โ€˜Does she like bananas?โ€™
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋‚˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„.'
02:39
In the past simple, use โ€˜didnโ€™tโ€™ to make negatives, and โ€˜didโ€™ to make questions.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ 'ํ–ˆ๋‹ค'.
02:48
Take a positive sentence: โ€˜They arrived early.โ€™
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๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค: '๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ผ์ฐ ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .'
02:52
Make a negative: โ€˜They didnโ€™t arrive early.โ€™
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02:58
Make a question: โ€˜Did they arrive early?โ€™
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๋ถ€์ •์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค: '๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ผ์ฐ ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
03:03
Thereโ€™s one exception.
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03:05
Donโ€™t use โ€˜doโ€™, โ€˜donโ€™tโ€™, โ€˜didโ€™ or โ€˜didnโ€™tโ€™ with the verb โ€˜beโ€™,
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'do', 'don't', 'did' ๋˜๋Š” 'didn't'๋ฅผ ๋™์‚ฌ 'be'
03:13
or with modal verbs like โ€˜canโ€™.
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๋˜๋Š” 'can'๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
03:16
Verbs like โ€˜beโ€™ and โ€˜canโ€™ make their own negatives and questions, without using
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'be'์™€ 'can'๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” 'do'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ๊ณผ ์˜๋ฌธ๋ฌธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:23
โ€˜doโ€™.
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.
03:25
Clear?
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๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ?
03:26
If not, you can review this section again.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ์„น์…˜์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:31
If you think itโ€™s difficult, you should study the present simple and past simple verb
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์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ๋˜์‹œ๋ฉด ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌํ˜•๊ณผ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•
03:36
tenses.
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์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์…”์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:38
Focus on how to form negative sentences and questions.
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๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ๊ณผ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ์ค‘์ ์„ ๋‘ก๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
03:43
If everythingโ€™s OK, then letโ€™s move on to level two!
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ดœ์ฐฎ๋‹ค๋ฉด 2๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ‘์‹œ๋‹ค!
03:51
Hereโ€™s your challenge for level two.
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๋ ˆ๋ฒจ 2์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋„์ „ ๊ณผ์ œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
Your job is to put the words in order to make a *question*.
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ž„๋ฌด๋Š” *์งˆ๋ฌธ*์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
04:02
Thatโ€™s important: you need to make a question, not a sentence.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
04:08
Pause the video and think about your answers now.
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๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ์ผ์‹œ ์ค‘์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค .
04:14
Ready?
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์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋œ?
04:16
Letโ€™s look.
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ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ณด์ž.
04:19
What does the first question โ€“ what do you do?
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ธ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
04:23
โ€“ mean?
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- ํ‰๊ท ?
04:26
It means โ€˜whatโ€™s your job?โ€™.
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ง์—…์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?'๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
Itโ€™s common in spoken English.
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๊ตฌ์–ด์ฒด ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ํ”ํžˆ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:32
In level one, you saw that you use โ€˜doโ€™ to make questions in the present and past
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๋ ˆ๋ฒจ 1์—์„œ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์™€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„
04:39
simple.
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๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 'do'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:41
There are different kinds of question you can make, but thereโ€™s another point here.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์š”์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:47
โ€˜Doโ€™ can be two things.
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'๋„'๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:51
It can be a main verb, which has real meaning.
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์‹ค์ œ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณธ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:55
It can also be an auxiliary verb, which you use to make negatives and questions.
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ๊ณผ ์˜๋ฌธ๋ฌธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:02
It can also do both things in the same sentence.
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๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ผ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:07
All these questions use โ€˜doโ€™ twice, once as a main verb, and once as an auxiliary verb.
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ 'do'๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ, ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ, ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:15
This is extremely common in English!
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
05:17
Anyway, letโ€™s look at some different ways you can use โ€˜doโ€™ to make questions.
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์–ด์จŒ๋“  'do'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:25
You can make yes/no questions, which start with the word โ€˜doโ€™, โ€˜doesโ€™, and so
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๋‹จ์–ด 'do', 'does' ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ/์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ค ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:30
on.
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.
05:32
For example, see question three.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ 3์„ ์ฐธ์กฐํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
05:38
You can make questions with a question word, like โ€˜whatโ€™, โ€˜whereโ€™, โ€˜whoโ€™, and
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'๋ฌด์—‡', '์–ด๋””์„œ', '๋ˆ„๊ฐ€' ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜๋ฌธ์‚ฌ๋กœ ์˜๋ฌธ๋ฌธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:44
so on.
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.
05:46
See question one for an example.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ ค๋ฉด ์งˆ๋ฌธ 1์„ ์ฐธ์กฐํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
05:50
You can also make questions with a question tag, like numbers two and five.
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์ˆซ์ž 2์™€ 5์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌผ์Œํ‘œ๋กœ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:59
This can have several different meanings.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ต์„ ์ด๋ฏธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๋•Œ
06:02
You can use a tag question to check something, when you think you know the answer already.
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ํƒœ๊ทธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
06:08
You can also use it to show surprise or interest.
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๋†€๋ผ์›€์ด๋‚˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:13
Hereโ€™s a question: in number two, the question tag is negative โ€“ โ€˜donโ€™t you?โ€™
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: 2๋ฒˆ์—์„œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ํƒœ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค โ€“ 'don't you?'
06:21
โ€“ but in number five, the tag is positive โ€“ โ€˜do you?โ€™
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โ€“ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 5๋ฒˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ํƒœ๊ทธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค โ€“ 'do you?'
06:26
Do you know why?
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์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์•„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
06:30
If you want to check information, meaning that you want to ask a question but you think
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์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€๋ฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€๋ฐ
06:36
you know the answer already, then the question tag
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์ด๋ฏธ ๋‹ต์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์งˆ๋ฌธ ํƒœ๊ทธ๋Š”
06:39
should be the opposite of the main verb.
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๋ณธ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:44
That means, if the main verb is positive, the tag should be negative; if the main verb
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์ฆ‰, ๋ณธ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์–‘์ˆ˜์ด๋ฉด ํƒœ๊ทธ๋Š” ์Œ์ˆ˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€
06:51
is negative, the tag should be positive.
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์Œ์ˆ˜์ด๋ฉด ํƒœ๊ทธ๋Š” ์–‘์ˆ˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:54
So, โ€˜you do yoga, donโ€™t you?โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ '๋„ˆ ์š”๊ฐ€ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ˆ?'๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์€
06:59
means that I think you do yoga, and Iโ€™m asking to confirm my idea.
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์š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด๊ณ , ๋‚ด ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ™•์ธ์‹œ์ผœ๋‹ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
07:06
Use a positive sentence plus a positive question tag to show interest.
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๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ๊ณผ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฌผ์Œํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
07:12
โ€˜You do taekwondo, do you?โ€™
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ํƒœ๊ถŒ๋„ ํ•˜์„ธ์š”?'๋Š”
07:15
looks like a question, but it isnโ€™t really a question.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€ํ™”
07:18
It shows politeness and interest in the person youโ€™re talking to.
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์ƒ๋Œ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณต์†ํ•จ๊ณผ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
07:23
This form is common when making small talk.
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์ด ํ˜•์‹์€ ์žก๋‹ด์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:27
You can also make negative questions, starting with โ€˜donโ€™tโ€™, โ€˜doesnโ€™tโ€™, or โ€˜didnโ€™tโ€™.
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'ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ', 'ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ' ๋˜๋Š” 'ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ'์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:34
You use these to express surprise or frustration.
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๋†€๋ผ์›€์ด๋‚˜ ์ขŒ์ ˆ๊ฐ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:39
Question four is an example of this.
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๋„ค ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:42
Like number five, this isnโ€™t a real question.
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๋‹ค์„ฏ ๋ฒˆ์งธ์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ค์ œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:45
You use it to express an emotion.
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๊ฐ์ •์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:48
When you use negative questions, intonation is important: โ€˜Didnโ€™t you do the dishes?โ€™
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๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ์–ต์–‘์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '์„ค๊ฑฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‚˜์š”?'
07:56
Letโ€™s move on to level three.
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3๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ‘์‹œ๋‹ค.
08:02
This time, weโ€™ll do something a little different.
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:06
Each of these five sentences contains a mistake.
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์ด ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:10
Your job is to find the mistake and correct it.
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ž„๋ฌด๋Š” ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
08:16
Pause the video and do it now.
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๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ์ผ์‹œ ์ค‘์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
08:20
Think carefully about your answers.
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๋‹ต๋ณ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
08:22
Do you need to add a word, remove a word, or change a word?
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๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
08:29
Here are the answers.
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๋‹ต์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:33
Sentence one is an *indirect* question.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ 1์€ *๊ฐ„์ ‘* ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:37
An indirect question starts with a polite phrase like โ€˜Can you tell meโ€ฆโ€™ or โ€˜Do
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๊ฐ„์ ‘ ์˜๋ฌธ๋ฌธ์€ 'Can you tell me...' ๋˜๋Š” 'Do
08:42
you knowโ€ฆโ€™
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you know...'์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ •์ค‘ํ•œ ํ‘œํ˜„์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข€ ๋” ์ •์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
08:43
You use indirect questions when you want to sound more polite.
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์‹ถ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ฐ„์ ‘ ์˜๋ฌธ๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
08:49
Indirect questions *donโ€™t* use โ€˜doโ€™, โ€˜doesโ€™ and so on as an auxiliary verb.
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๊ฐ„์ ‘ ์˜๋ฌธ๋ฌธ์€ 'do', 'does' ๋“ฑ์„ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ *์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค*.
08:57
This is a common mistake.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‹ค์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:59
In question two, you need to use โ€˜doesโ€™ as an auxiliary verb to refer to another verb
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์•ž์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™์‚ฌ์ธ 'like'๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 'does'๋ฅผ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:07
โ€“ โ€˜likeโ€™ โ€“ which you used earlier.
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.
09:11
In most cases, the auxiliary verb you need depends on the verb tense, *not* on the original
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ์›๋ž˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ *์•„๋‹Œ* ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:17
verb.
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09:18
The exception is verbs like โ€˜beโ€™, โ€˜canโ€™ and so on, which can be their own auxiliary
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์˜ˆ์™ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ 'be', 'can' ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ž์ฒด ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:25
verbs.
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09:26
Here, the verb โ€˜likeโ€™ is present simple, so it uses the auxiliary verb do/does.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ 'like'๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ do/does๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:34
In number three, you have a verb โ€“ ask โ€“ which needs to be followed by an infinitive with
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์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ์—๋Š” 'to'์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ โ€“ ask โ€“๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:40
โ€˜toโ€™.
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.
09:41
Here, the infinitive is negative.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:46
You make negative infinitives by adding โ€˜notโ€™.
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'not'์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ€์ • ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:50
You donโ€™t use โ€˜donโ€™tโ€™, โ€˜doesnโ€™tโ€™, or any other form of โ€˜do.
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'ํ•˜์ง€๋งˆ', 'ํ•˜์ง€๋งˆ' ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ 'ํ•˜์ง€๋งˆ'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:57
In number four, you need to know something about how to use โ€˜doโ€™ and โ€˜makeโ€™.
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๋„ค ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ 'do'์™€ 'make'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:03
This is more of a vocabulary point.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ดํœ˜ ํฌ์ธํŠธ์— ๊ฐ€๊น์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:05
In many cases, you need to remember whether a word โ€“ like โ€˜progressโ€™ โ€“ goes with
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๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— '์ง„๋ณด'์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€
10:10
โ€˜doโ€™ or โ€˜makeโ€™.
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'do' ๋˜๋Š” 'make'์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:14
Number five is also a vocabulary point.
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์ˆซ์ž 5๋„ ์–ดํœ˜ ํฌ์ธํŠธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 'do someone a favour'์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด
10:18
There are many fixed phrases with โ€˜doโ€™, like โ€˜do someone a favourโ€™.
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'do'์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณ ์ •๋œ ๊ด€์šฉ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
10:23
After โ€˜doโ€™, you need a person โ€“ โ€˜do *me* a favourโ€™, โ€˜do *you* a favourโ€™
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'do' ๋’ค์—๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค โ€“ 'do *me* a favour', 'do *you* a favour'
10:30
โ€“ and so on.
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๋“ฑ.
10:31
So, to review, the topics covered in level three are: indirect questions, โ€˜doโ€™ as
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ ˆ๋ฒจ 3์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” ๊ฐ„์ ‘ ์˜๋ฌธ๋ฌธ, ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ์„œ์˜ 'do'
10:39
an auxiliary verb, negative infinitives, โ€˜doโ€™ versus โ€˜makeโ€™, and fixed phrases with
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, ๋ถ€์ • ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ, 'do' ๋Œ€ 'make', ๊ณ ์ •๊ตฌ
10:46
โ€˜doโ€™.
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'do'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:48
Where were you stronger or weaker?
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์–ด๋””์—์„œ ๋” ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์•ฝํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋‹น์‹ ์ด
10:51
Think about what you know, and what you need to focus on to improve.
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์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค .
10:57
Anyway, time for level four!
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์–ด์จŒ๋“ , ๋ ˆ๋ฒจ 4๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
11:04
Here are your sentences for level four.
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ ๋ ˆ๋ฒจ 4์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:09
You need to complete each sentence with two words.
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๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ๊ฐ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์™„์„ฑํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
11:14
One word is a form of โ€˜doโ€™.
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ํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” 'ํ•˜๋‹ค'์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:17
Remember: you *must* use exactly two words!
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”: *๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ* ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
11:24
Letโ€™s see the answers.
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๋‹ต์„ ๋ณด์ž.
11:28
So, what do you need to know here?
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์ž, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€?
11:33
In level three, you saw that there are negative infinitive forms.
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3๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ถ€์ • ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:38
There are also negative -ing forms.
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๋ถ€์ • -ing ํ˜•ํƒœ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:42
Like negative infinitives, you just add โ€˜notโ€™ to make the sentence negative.
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๋ถ€์ • ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ 'not'์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:48
You can see this in sentence one.
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1๋ฌธ๋‹จ์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:51
Number two is a participle clause.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:55
The meaning is similar to: โ€˜Because I hadnโ€™t done anything similar beforeโ€ฆโ€™
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์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ๋น„์Šทํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ' ์ด์ „์—๋Š” ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์ผ์„ ํ•œ ์ ์ด ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—...'
12:00
What about three?
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์…‹์€์š”?
12:03
Can you explain whatโ€™s going on there?
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๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
12:07
Remember that โ€˜doโ€™ can be both an auxiliary verb and a main verb, and it can also do both
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'do'๋Š” ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ๋ณธ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”
12:15
things in one sentence.
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.
12:19
Auxiliary verbs can be used to add emphasis; for example, if you want to contradict what
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๊ฐ•์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
12:24
someone else says.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋ง์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ฐ•ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:26
Here, โ€˜didโ€™ is an auxiliary verb which adds emphasis, and โ€˜doโ€™ is a main verb.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ 'did'๋Š” ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋”ํ•˜๋Š” ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์ด๊ณ  'do'๋Š” ๋ณธ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:35
So, if someone asked you โ€˜Why didnโ€™t you do it?โ€™, you might answer like this โ€˜I
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ '์™œ ์•ˆ ํ–ˆ์–ด?'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฌป๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด '๋‚ด๊ฐ€
12:42
*did* do it.
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*ํ–ˆ์ง€*'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:44
I just forgot to send it to you!โ€™
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๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์—ˆ์–ด์š”!'
12:47
You use the auxiliary verb โ€“ โ€˜didโ€™ โ€“ to add emphasis and contradict the other person.
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์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ 'did'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ฐ•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:55
Four and five are vocabulary points.
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4์™€ 5๋Š” ์–ดํœ˜ ํฌ์ธํŠธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '
12:57
โ€˜Do your bestโ€™ is a fixed phrase meaning โ€˜try as hard as you can.โ€™
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์ตœ์„ ์„ ๋‹คํ•˜๋‹ค'๋Š” '์ตœ์„ ์„ ๋‹คํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋‹ค'๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ ์ •๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:03
For example, you could say โ€˜We did our best, but we didnโ€™t have four of our best players,
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13:09
so itโ€™s not surprising we lost three-nil.โ€™
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-nil.' '
13:12
โ€˜Do withโ€™ is a conversational way to say โ€˜wantโ€™.
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Do with'๋Š” '์›ํ•˜๋‹ค'๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ™”์‹ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
13:16
โ€˜I could do with a long holidayโ€™ means that I really want a long holiday right now!
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I could do with a long holiday'๋Š” ๊ธด ํœด๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋‹น์žฅ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด์—์š”!
13:23
Remember: you can review any section of this video as many times as you need.
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”: ์ด ๋น„๋””์˜ค์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์„น์…˜์„ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋งŒํผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒˆ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:29
Hereโ€™s a tip: a big difficulty with โ€˜doโ€™ is that it has so many different uses.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ํŒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 'do'์˜ ํฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์€ ์šฉ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:37
It can be a main verb, an auxiliary verb, or it can be used in fixed phrases and phrasal
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๋ณธ๋™์‚ฌ, ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ณ ์ •๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ตฌ๋™์‚ฌ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:43
verbs.
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.
13:44
So, when you see โ€˜doโ€™ in a sentence, ask yourself which thing it is.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ 'do'๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
13:51
Is it a main verb, an auxiliary verb, or part of a longer phrase?
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๋ณธ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ธด ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
13:57
Getting this clear will help you to understand how to use โ€˜doโ€™ more accurately.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด 'do'๋ฅผ ๋” ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:03
Now, are you ready for level five?
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์ด์ œ ๋ ˆ๋ฒจ 5 ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
14:09
Letโ€™s try!
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ํ•ด๋ณด์ž!
14:13
Ready for the hardest challenge?
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋„์ „์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
14:15
Here are five of the hardest sentences we could make.
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๊ฐœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
14:20
Your job is to complete them with one or two words.
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ž„๋ฌด๋Š” ํ•œ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์™„์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
14:24
One of the words must be a form of โ€˜doโ€™.
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๋‹จ์–ด ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” 'do'์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:28
Contractions, like โ€˜donโ€™tโ€™, count as one word.
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'ํ•˜์ง€๋งˆ'์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์€ ํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:34
Could you do it?
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ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ˆ?
14:35
Letโ€™s see the answers.
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๋‹ต์„ ๋ณด์ž.
14:39
Most of the sentences here test vocabulary points.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ์–ดํœ˜ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
14:45
For example, take sentence one.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋ฌธ์žฅ 1์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:47
In conversational English, โ€˜doโ€™ can have the meaning of โ€˜be enough, but not very
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๋Œ€ํ™”์ฒด ์˜์–ด์—์„œ 'do'๋Š” '์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ข‹์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๋‹ค'์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:53
goodโ€™.
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.
14:55
If you say โ€˜itโ€™ll doโ€™, you mean that itโ€™s not great, but itโ€™s enough for you.
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It'll do๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ณ„๊ฑฐ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:03
Sentence two tests a grammar point.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ํฌ์ธํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ „์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ
15:06
Hopefully, you know already that you can use โ€˜doโ€™ as an auxiliary verb to refer back
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฐธ์กฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ 'do'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ด๋ฏธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:12
to a verb or verb phrase you used earlier.
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15:17
If you didnโ€™t use โ€˜doโ€™ here, you would have to repeat the full phrase โ€˜his chances
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ 'do'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด '๊ทธ๊ฐ€ EU์—์„œ ์ผํ•  ๊ธฐํšŒ'๋ผ๋Š” ์ „์ฒด ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:23
of working for the EUโ€™, which would be repetitive.
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15:27
However, here you also need an -ing verb.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” -ing ๋™์‚ฌ๋„ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:32
When you want to use โ€˜doโ€™ as an auxiliary verb to replace an earlier verb, *and* you
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์•ž์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ 'do'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  *๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ *
15:39
want to use an -ing form, or to plus infinitive, you should use โ€˜do soโ€™.
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-ing ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด 'do so'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:47
โ€˜Do soโ€™ is formal.
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'๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ'๋Š” ํ˜•์‹์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:49
In spoken or informal English, youโ€™d probably say โ€˜do itโ€™ or โ€˜do thatโ€™.
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๊ตฌ์–ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋น„๊ฒฉ์‹ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ 'do it' ๋˜๋Š” 'do that'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:56
Three, four and five all test your vocabulary.
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์…‹, ๋„ท, ๋‹ค์„ฏ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์–ดํœ˜๋ ฅ์„ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:01
In three, โ€˜get it doneโ€™ is a conversational way to say โ€˜finish somethingโ€™.
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3์—์„œ 'get it done'์€ '๋๋‚ด๋‹ค'๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ™”์‹ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:07
In number four, โ€˜doing well for themselvesโ€™ means that theyโ€™re making a lot of money,
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๋„ท์งธ, '์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์ž˜ํ•œ๋‹ค'๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ˆ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์„œ
16:14
so they have a comfortable lifestyle.
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ํŽธ์•ˆํ•œ ์ƒํ™œ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด๋‹ค.
16:17
In sentence five, โ€˜it hasnโ€™t done me much goodโ€™ is a semi-fixed phrase.
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5๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ 'it has not done me much good'์€ ๋ฐ˜๊ณ ์ •์ ์ธ ํ‘œํ˜„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:24
If you want to make the phrase positive, say โ€˜itโ€™s done me *a lot of* goodโ€™.
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์ด ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด 'it's done me *a lot of* good'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
16:30
Of course, you can also use this to talk about other people.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
16:35
For example โ€˜She looks so much happier these days.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด '๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์š”์ฆ˜ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ํ–‰๋ณตํ•ด ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค .
16:39
Switching to part time work seems to have done her a lot of good.โ€™
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์•„๋ฅด๋ฐ”์ดํŠธ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€ ๋„์›€์ด ๋œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:46
So, how did you do?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ง€๋‚ด์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
16:49
Which topics did you find the hardest?
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์–ด๋–ค ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์–ด๋ ค์› ๋‚˜์š”?
16:52
We think level five is the hardest, because it tests a lot of fixed and conversational
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ ˆ๋ฒจ 5๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ์ •๋œ ๋Œ€ํ™” ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:58
phrases.
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16:59
Do you agree?
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๋™์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
17:01
Please share your thoughts in the comments.
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๋Œ“๊ธ€๋กœ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
17:05
Thatโ€™s all for now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:07
See you next time!
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๋‹ค์Œ์— ๋งŒ๋‚˜์š”!
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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