How to Use Do in English - 5 Levels of English Grammar

Hi, I’m Martin.

Hi，我是Martin。

Welcome to Oxford Online English!

歡迎來到Oxford Online English！

In this lesson, you can learn all about how to use the verb ‘do’.

在本課程裡，您會學到動詞 “do”的所有用法。

Do you want to see more free English lessons?

您想看更多的免費英文課程嗎？

You should visit our website: Oxford Online English dot com.

您要訪問我們的網站： Oxford Online English dot com.

You can also book English classes with our professional teachers, who can help you with

您也可以和我們的專業老師預訂 英文課程，他們可以在

your English speaking, writing, IELTS preparation, or whatever else you need.

英文口說、寫作、雅思準備或任何其他 您需要的部份幫助您。

One more thing: do you want to watch this video with subtitles?

還有一件事：您想看有字幕的影片嗎？

You can!

您當然可以看字幕！

Turn them on now by clicking the ‘CC’ button in the bottom right.

點擊影片播放軟體右下角的“CC”鍵， 就可以打開字幕。

This is a ‘5 levels’ lesson.

這是一個“五級”課程。

That means you’ll see five sections.

這就是說您會看到五個單元。

Each section will give you a challenge.

在每一個單元，您會遇到一個挑戰。

Each section is more difficult than the previous ones.

每一個單元會比上一個更難。

The early sections will focus mostly on grammar; higher levels will test your grammar and vocabulary

前面的單元主要著重於語法。 更高的 級別會測試您的語法和

skills!

字彙技能。

Level one is beginner, so if you’re not a beginner, you should skip to level two.

級別一適合新手，如果您不是新手， 您要跳到級別二。

Ready?

準備好了嗎？

Let’s go!

好，我們開始。

Look at five sentences.

看下五個句子。

Complete each sentence with one word.

一個單字的英文句子填空。

Each word is a form of the verb ‘do’.

每個單字都是動詞“do”的一個形式。

Contractions, like ‘don’t’, count as one word.

縮寫，像是“don't”，算一個單字。

Pause the video and do it now.

現在暫停影片開始。

Ready?

做完了嗎？

Here are the answers.

這是答案。

What do you need to know here?

在這您需要知道什麼呢？

Use ‘do’ to make negatives and questions in the present simple

用“do”的現在簡單式造否定句和疑問句。

and the past simple.

還有過去簡單式。

For example, take a positive sentence: ‘I like bananas.’

例如，造一個肯定句： “I like bananas.”

Make a negative: ‘I *don’t* like bananas.’

造一個否定句： “I *don’t* like bananas.”

Make a question: ‘Do you like bananas?’

造疑問句： “Do you like bananas?”

If you’re talking in the 3rd person – he, she or it – use ‘does’ and ‘doesn’t’.

如果您在用第三人稱談——他、她或 它，用“does”和“doesn't”。

Take a positive sentence: ‘She likes bananas.’

肯定句：“She likes bananas.”

Make a negative: ‘She doesn’t like bananas.’

否定句：“She doesn’t like bananas.“

Make a question: ‘Does she like bananas?’

疑問句：”Does she like bananas?”

In the past simple, use ‘didn’t’ to make negatives, and ‘did’ to make questions.

在過去簡單式裡，用“didn't”來表達 否定，用“did”來提問。

Take a positive sentence: ‘They arrived early.’

肯定句：”They arrived early.“

Make a negative: ‘They didn’t arrive early.’

否定句：“They didn’t arrive early.”

Make a question: ‘Did they arrive early?’

疑問句: “Did they arrive early?”

There’s one exception.

有一個例外。

Don’t use ‘do’, ‘don’t’, ‘did’ or ‘didn’t’ with the verb ‘be’,

”do“，”don't“，”did“或”didn't“不能 與動詞”be“或

or with modal verbs like ‘can’.

像是“can”的情態動詞一起連用。

Verbs like ‘be’ and ‘can’ make their own negatives and questions, without using

動詞像是“be”和“can”有自己的否定 和疑問形式，不需要

‘do’.

用“do”。

Clear?

清楚了嗎？

If not, you can review this section again.

如果沒有，您可以再複習下這個單元。

If you think it’s difficult, you should study the present simple and past simple verb

如果您覺得太難了，您應該再學習 現在簡單式和過去簡單式

tenses.

動詞時態。

Focus on how to form negative sentences and questions.

著重關注怎樣構建否定句和疑問句。

If everything’s OK, then let’s move on to level two!

如果這部份沒問題了，我們進入級別二。

Here’s your challenge for level two.

這是級別二的挑戰。

Your job is to put the words in order to make a *question*.

您的任務是填寫一個單字來 造一個*疑問句*。

That’s important: you need to make a question, not a sentence.

這很重要，您需要寫一個問題， 而不是一個陳述句。

Pause the video and think about your answers now.

現在暫停影片並思考您的答案。

Ready?

準備好了嗎？

Let’s look.

我們來看下。

What does the first question – what do you do?

第一個問題---“what do you do ?”

– mean?

什麼意思？

It means ‘what’s your job?’.

它的意思是“您的工作是什麼”

It’s common in spoken English.

在英文口說裡，這是常用的。

In level one, you saw that you use ‘do’ to make questions in the present and past

在級別一，您用“do”造現在 簡單式和過去簡單式的

simple.

疑問句。

There are different kinds of question you can make, but there’s another point here.

造疑問句有很多種方式， 但這有另外一種觀點。

‘Do’ can be two things.

“Do”可以有兩個意思。

It can be a main verb, which has real meaning.

他可以是主詞動詞，有實際意義。

It can also be an auxiliary verb, which you use to make negatives and questions.

也可以是助動詞，您用它來造 疑問句和否定句。

It can also do both things in the same sentence.

在同一句話裡，也可以同時有 這兩種用法。

All these questions use ‘do’ twice, once as a main verb, and once as an auxiliary verb.

在所有用兩次“do”的疑問句裡，一次是擔當 主詞動詞，一次是擔當助動詞。

This is extremely common in English!

這在英文裡十分常見！

Anyway, let’s look at some different ways you can use ‘do’ to make questions.

無論怎樣，我們看看以不同方式 用“do”來造疑問句。

You can make yes/no questions, which start with the word ‘do’, ‘does’, and so

您能造“do”，“does”和類似單字 開頭的“是/否”

on.

疑問句。

For example, see question three.

例如，看疑問句三。

You can make questions with a question word, like ‘what’, ‘where’, ‘who’, and

您可以用疑問詞來造疑問句，像是 “ what”、“ where”、“ who”和

so on.

類似的單字。

See question one for an example.

參見問一的例子。

You can also make questions with a question tag, like numbers two and five.

您也可以用附加問句來造 疑問句，像是問二和問五。

This can have several different meanings.

這可能有幾種不同含義。

You can use a tag question to check something, when you think you know the answer already.

當您認為自己已經知道回答時， 可以用附加問句來確認。

You can also use it to show surprise or interest.

您也可以用它來顯示出驚喜或興趣。

Here’s a question: in number two, the question tag is negative – ‘don’t you?’

這有一個問題：在問二裡，附加問句 是否定的—“don’t you?”

– but in number five, the tag is positive – ‘do you?’

–但是在問五裡，附加問句 是肯定的—“do you?”

Do you know why?

您知道為什麼嗎？

If you want to check information, meaning that you want to ask a question but you think

如果您想檢查資訊，意思是您想 提問，但您認為

you know the answer already, then the question tag

您已經知道答案了，然後附加問句

should be the opposite of the main verb.

應當與主詞動詞相反。

That means, if the main verb is positive, the tag should be negative; if the main verb

這意味著，如果主詞動詞是肯定的，則 附加問句必須是否定；如果

is negative, the tag should be positive.

主詞動詞為否定，則附加問句 應當為肯定。

So, ‘you do yoga, don’t you?’

所以，“you do yoga, don’t you?”

means that I think you do yoga, and I’m asking to confirm my idea.

意思是我認為您在做瑜伽， 我想確認我的判斷。

Use a positive sentence plus a positive question tag to show interest.

用肯定句搭配肯定的附加問句 來表達興趣。

‘You do taekwondo, do you?’

“You do taekwondo, do you?”

looks like a question, but it isn’t really a question.

這句看上去像是一個問題，但並非 一個真正的問題。

It shows politeness and interest in the person you’re talking to.

他顯示出您對交談對方的禮貌 和興趣。

This form is common when making small talk.

閒聊時這種形式很常見。

You can also make negative questions, starting with ‘don’t’, ‘doesn’t’, or ‘didn’t’.

您還可以用“don't”、“doesn't”或“didn't” 開頭來造否定疑問句。

You use these to express surprise or frustration.

您用這些來表達吃驚或沮喪。

Question four is an example of this.

問四就是一個例證。

Like number five, this isn’t a real question.

像是問五，這不是一個真正的問題。

You use it to express an emotion.

您用它來表達一種情感。

When you use negative questions, intonation is important: ‘Didn’t you do the dishes?’

當您用否定句時，語調很重要： “Didn’t you do the dishes?”

Let’s move on to level three.

我們進入級別三。

This time, we’ll do something a little different.

這次，我們會做些不同的事情。

Each of these five sentences contains a mistake.

這五句裡的每一句都包含 一個錯誤。

Your job is to find the mistake and correct it.

您的功課是找到錯誤並修正。

Pause the video and do it now.

暫停影片，現在開始做。

Think carefully about your answers.

請仔細考慮您的答案。

Do you need to add a word, remove a word, or change a word?

您需要添加、刪除或是更改一個單字？

Here are the answers.

這是答案。

Sentence one is an *indirect* question.

句一是一個*間接*疑問句。

An indirect question starts with a polite phrase like ‘Can you tell me…’ or ‘Do

一個間接疑問句用禮貌片語開頭，像是 “Can you tell me…”或

you know…’

“Do you know…”

You use indirect questions when you want to sound more polite.

當您想聽起來像是更有禮貌時， 可以用間接疑問句。

Indirect questions *don’t* use ‘do’, ‘does’ and so on as an auxiliary verb.

間接疑問句*不要*用“ do”、“ does” 之類的助動詞。

This is a common mistake.

這是一個常見錯誤。

In question two, you need to use ‘does’ as an auxiliary verb to refer to another verb

在問二裡，您要用“ does”擔當 助動詞來引用另一個動詞

– ‘like’ – which you used earlier.

— 'like'—您之前用過的 。

In most cases, the auxiliary verb you need depends on the verb tense, *not* on the original

在大多數情形下，您需要的助動詞 取決於動詞時態，而不是

verb.

動詞原形。

The exception is verbs like ‘be’, ‘can’ and so on, which can be their own auxiliary

動詞如“ be”、“ can”等例外，他們 可以擔當自己的

verbs.

助動詞。

Here, the verb ‘like’ is present simple, so it uses the auxiliary verb do/does.

在這，動詞“ like”是現在簡單式， 因此它用助動詞do / does。

In number three, you have a verb – ask – which needs to be followed by an infinitive with

在問三裡，有一個動詞– Ask， 這後面要接一個不定詞

‘to’.

”to“。

Here, the infinitive is negative.

在這，不定詞是否定的。

You make negative infinitives by adding ‘not’.

您用添加“ not”來造否定的動詞不定詞。

You don’t use ‘don’t’, ‘doesn’t’, or any other form of ‘do.

您不能用“don't”、“doesn't”或”do“的 任何其他形式。

In number four, you need to know something about how to use ‘do’ and ‘make’.

在問四裡，您需要了解有關怎樣用 “ do”和“ make”。

This is more of a vocabulary point.

這是字彙點。

In many cases, you need to remember whether a word – like ‘progress’ – goes with

在很多情形下，您需要記住是否有 一個單字，例如“ progress”與

‘do’ or ‘make’.

“do” 或 “make”連用。

Number five is also a vocabulary point.

問五也是一個字彙點。

There are many fixed phrases with ‘do’, like ‘do someone a favour’.

有很多與“ do”搭配的固定片語， 例如“do someone a favour”。

After ‘do’, you need a person – ‘do *me* a favour’, ‘do *you* a favour’

”Do“後面，需要加一個人， 例如 "do *me* a favour"，

– and so on.

"do "you" a favour"，等等。

So, to review, the topics covered in level three are: indirect questions, ‘do’ as

因此，複習一下，級別三涉及主題是： 間接疑問句、“Do”擔當

an auxiliary verb, negative infinitives, ‘do’ versus ‘make’, and fixed phrases with

助動詞、否定不定詞，“ do”與 “ make”以及帶有”do“

‘do’.

的固定片語。

Where were you stronger or weaker?

您在哪裡更強或更弱？

Think about what you know, and what you need to focus on to improve.

考慮一下您知道的，以及您要 著重增進的。

Anyway, time for level four!

無論怎樣，我們進入級別四。

Here are your sentences for level four.

這是級別四的句子。

You need to complete each sentence with two words.

您要用兩個單字來完成每個句子。

One word is a form of ‘do’.

一個單字是“do”的一種形式。

Remember: you *must* use exactly two words!

請記住：您*必須*用兩個單字。

Let’s see the answers.

我們看看答案。

So, what do you need to know here?

那麼，您在這裡要知道什麼？

In level three, you saw that there are negative infinitive forms.

在級別三裡，您看到有不定詞的否定形式。

There are also negative -ing forms.

也有ing的否定形式。

Like negative infinitives, you just add ‘not’ to make the sentence negative.

像是不定詞的否定形式一樣，您只需要添加 “not”句子即可變為否定。

You can see this in sentence one.

您可以在句一裡看到這一點。

Number two is a participle clause.

句二是一個分詞構句。

The meaning is similar to: ‘Because I hadn’t done anything similar before…’

含義類似於：“因為我之前沒做過 任何類似的事情……”

What about three?

那句三呢？

Can you explain what’s going on there?

您能解釋一下是怎樣嗎？

Remember that ‘do’ can be both an auxiliary verb and a main verb, and it can also do both

請記住，“ do”既是助動詞，又是 主詞動詞，並且在一個句子

things in one sentence.

也可以同時有兩種意思。

Auxiliary verbs can be used to add emphasis; for example, if you want to contradict what

助動詞可以強調。例如，如果您想

someone else says.

否定別人說的。

Here, ‘did’ is an auxiliary verb which adds emphasis, and ‘do’ is a main verb.

在這裡，“did”是一個助動詞，它增加了 強調的效果，而“ do”是一個主詞動詞。

So, if someone asked you ‘Why didn’t you do it?’, you might answer like this ‘I

因此，如果有人問您“為什麼您不這樣 做？”，您可能會這樣回答：

*did* do it.

“I *did* do it，

I just forgot to send it to you!’

I just forgot to send it to you!’

You use the auxiliary verb – ‘did’ – to add emphasis and contradict the other person.

您用助動詞–“ did” –來加重強調語氣， 並否定另一個人。

Four and five are vocabulary points.

句四和句五是字彙點。

‘Do your best’ is a fixed phrase meaning ‘try as hard as you can.’

“Do your best”是一個固定片語，意思是 “try as hard as you can.”/盡力而為。

For example, you could say ‘We did our best, but we didn’t have four of our best players,

例如，您可以說“We did our best, but we didn’t have four of our best players,

so it’s not surprising we lost three-nil.’

so it’s not surprising we lost three-nil.”

‘Do with’ is a conversational way to say ‘want’.

“Do with”是表達“想要”的 一種口頭方式。

‘I could do with a long holiday’ means that I really want a long holiday right now!

“I could do with a long holiday”意味著 我現在真的想要一個長假！

Remember: you can review any section of this video as many times as you need.

請記住：您可以根據需求隨意看 本影片的任何部份。

Here’s a tip: a big difficulty with ‘do’ is that it has so many different uses.

這裡有個提示：“do”的一大難點是 他有很多不同用法。

It can be a main verb, an auxiliary verb, or it can be used in fixed phrases and phrasal

它可以是主語動詞、助動詞，或也 可以用於固定片語

verbs.

和動詞片語。

So, when you see ‘do’ in a sentence, ask yourself which thing it is.

因此，當您在句子裡看到“do”時， 先問自己那是什麼意思。

Is it a main verb, an auxiliary verb, or part of a longer phrase?

它是主詞動詞、助動詞，還是片語的一部份？

Getting this clear will help you to understand how to use ‘do’ more accurately.

清楚這一點會幫您了解 怎樣更準確地用“ do”。

Now, are you ready for level five?

現在，您準備好進入級別五嗎？

Let’s try!

我們試試看！

Ready for the hardest challenge?

準備好迎接最艱巨的挑戰了嗎？

Here are five of the hardest sentences we could make.

這是我們能構建的五個最難的句子。

Your job is to complete them with one or two words.

您的功課是用一個或兩個單字來完成它們。

One of the words must be a form of ‘do’.

單字裡的一個必須是“do”的一個形式。

Contractions, like ‘don’t’, count as one word.

縮寫，例如“don’t”，算一個單字。

Could you do it?

您能做到嗎？

Let’s see the answers.

我們看看答案。

Most of the sentences here test vocabulary points.

這大多數句子是測試字彙量。

For example, take sentence one.

例如，看句一。

In conversational English, ‘do’ can have the meaning of ‘be enough, but not very

在英文口說裡，“do”有個意思是“足夠，

good’.

但不是很好“。

If you say ‘it’ll do’, you mean that it’s not great, but it’s enough for you.

如果您說“會做”，則意思是它並不好， 但對您來說已經足夠了。

Sentence two tests a grammar point.

句二測試語法點。

Hopefully, you know already that you can use ‘do’ as an auxiliary verb to refer back

希望您已經知道可以用“do”擔當 助動詞來指代您之前用的

to a verb or verb phrase you used earlier.

一個動詞或一個動詞片語。

If you didn’t use ‘do’ here, you would have to repeat the full phrase ‘his chances

如果您在此處未用“do'”， 則必須重複完整的片語

of working for the EU’, which would be repetitive.

“his chances of working for the EU”， 這會重複。

However, here you also need an -ing verb.

但是，這還需要一個-ing動詞。

When you want to use ‘do’ as an auxiliary verb to replace an earlier verb, *and* you

當您想用“do”擔當助動詞來替換 先前的動詞時，“以及”

want to use an -ing form, or to plus infinitive, you should use ‘do so’.

當您想用-ing形式、或者加上不定詞 時，應當用“do so”。

‘Do so’ is formal.

“do so”是正式的。

In spoken or informal English, you’d probably say ‘do it’ or ‘do that’.

口說或非正式英文，您可能會 說“do it”或“do that”。

Three, four and five all test your vocabulary.

句三、句四、句五全部都要測試 您的字彙量。

In three, ‘get it done’ is a conversational way to say ‘finish something’.

在句三，“get it done”是“finish something”的一種口說方式。

In number four, ‘doing well for themselves’ means that they’re making a lot of money,

在句四，“doing well for themselves” 意味著他們賺了很多錢，

so they have a comfortable lifestyle.

因此他們擁有舒適的生活方式。

In sentence five, ‘it hasn’t done me much good’ is a semi-fixed phrase.

在句五，“it hasn’t done me much good” 是一個半固定的片語。

If you want to make the phrase positive, say ‘it’s done me *a lot of* good’.

如果您想這個片語是肯定的，請說 “it’s done me a lot of good"

Of course, you can also use this to talk about other people.

當然，您可以用它來談論其他人。

For example ‘She looks so much happier these days.

例如，“She looks so much happier these days

Switching to part time work seems to have done her a lot of good.’

Switching to part time work seems to have done her a lot of good.’

So, how did you do?

那麼，您做的怎樣？

Which topics did you find the hardest?

您覺得最難的部份是什麼？

We think level five is the hardest, because it tests a lot of fixed and conversational

我們認為級別五是最難的，因為它 測試了很多固定的和口說的

phrases.

片語。

Do you agree?

您同意嗎？

Please share your thoughts in the comments.

請在留言板裡分享您的想法。

That’s all for now.

今天就到這。

See you next time!

下次見！